END NOTES

CHAPTER I

1      United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Report, November 2006.

2      US Emissions Inventory, 2008.

3      US Emissions Inventory, 2008.

CHAPTER II

4      Epidemiology May 2007;18:373-382.

5      United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, 2008.

6      Blue Planet Biomes. Amazon Rainforest. 2003.

7      Margulis, Sergio (2004) (PDF). Causes of Deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.

8      Turner, K., Georgiou, S., Clark, R., Brouwer, R. & Burke, J. 2004. Economic Valuation of water resources in agriculture, From the sectoral to a functional perspective of natural resource management. FAO paper reports No. 27, Rome, FAO.

9      Chrispeels, M.J.; Sadava, D.E. 1994. “Farming Systems: Development, Productivity, and Sustainability”. pp. 25-57in Plants, Genes, and Agriculture. Jones and Bartlett, Boston, MA.

10    Pimentel, D., Pimentel, M. “Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 78, 660S-663S, September 2003.

11    Pimentel, D., Pimentel, M. “Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 78, 660S-663S, September 2003.

12    WorldWatch Institute, “Fire Up the Grill for a Mouthwatering Red, White, and Green July 4th,”, 2 Jul. 2003. World Health Organization, 2008.

13    “Soy Benefits”, National Soybean Research Laboratory.

14    Steinfeld, H.; Gerber, P.; Wassenaar, T.; Castel, V.; Rosales, M.; de Haan, C. 2006. U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome. “Livestock’s Long Shadow -Environmental issues and options.”

15    Steinfeld, H.; Gerber, P.; Wassenaar, T.; Castel, V.; Rosales, M.; de Haan, C. 2006. U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome. “Livestock’s Long Shadow -Environmental issues and options.”

16    World Health Organization, 2008.

17    World Health Organization, 2008.

CHAPTER III

18    Siegenthaler, et al., 2005.

19    WorldWatch Institute, “Fire Up the Grill for a Mouthwatering Red, White, and Green July 4th,” 2 Jul. 2003. World Health Organization, 2008.

20    UN Food and Agriculture Organization, 2006.

21    United Nations Report, November 29, 2006.

22    United Nations Report, November 29, 2006.

23    United Nations Report, November 29, 2006.

24    United Nations Report, November 29, 2006.

25    United Nations Report, November 29, 2006.

CHAPTER IV

26    Rainforests, National Academy of Science.

27    Moran, E.F., “Deforestation and Land Use in the Brazilian Amazon,” Human Ecology, Vol 21, No. 1, 1993.

28    United Nations Environment Program, 2009.

29    Greenpeace, “KFC Exposed for Trashing the Amazon Rainforest for Buckets of Chicken,” 17 May 2006.

30    Greenpeace, “Eating up the Amazon.” April 2006.

31    Raintree Nutrition, Inc. 1996.

32    Roberts, R. “Amazon Rainforest.” Tropical-Rainforest Animals.com.

33    U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization: Amazonian and Caribbean Culture, “Crops of the Amazon and Orinoco Regions: Their Origin, Decline, and Future.”

34    U.N. F.A.O: Amazonian and Caribbean Culture, “Crops of the Amazon and Orinoco Regions: Their Origin, Decline, and Future.”

35    Taylor, L. “The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs.” Square One Publishers, Inc. 2004.

36    Taylor, L. “The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs.” Square One Publishers, Inc. 2004.

CHAPTER V

37    Steinfeld, H.; Gerber, P.; Wassenaar, T.; Castel, V.; Rosales, M.; de Haan, C. 2006. U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome. “Livestock’s Long Shadow -Environmental issues and options.”

38    Motavalli, J. “So You’ re an Environmentalist … Why Are You Still Eating Meat?” E- The Environmental Magazine. January/February 2002.

39    Steinfeld, H.; Gerber, P.; Wassenaar, T.; Castel, V.; Rosales, M.; de Haan, C. 2006. U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome. “Livestock’s Long Shadow -Environmental issues and options.”

40    Food Revolution, John Robbins, 2001.

41    Fleischner, T. “Ecological Costs of Livestock Grazing in Western North America.” Prescott College Environmental Program.” 1994.

42    Fleischner, T. “Ecological Costs of Livestock Grazing in Western North America.” Prescott College Environmental Program.” 1994.

43    United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2004.

44    Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), 2005a.

45    Wassenaar et al., 2006.

46    Eswaran, Lal and Reich, 2001.

47    Reich, et al 1999.

48    Global Footprint Network, Data and Results, 2008.

49    Kelly, S. “Cattle and Sheep Grazing.” Land Use History of North America/Colorado Plateau.

50    World Conservation Union (IUCN), Red List of Threatened Species 2008.

51    Chrispeels, M.J.; Sadava, D.E. 1994. “Farming Systems: Development, Productivity, and Sustainability”. pp. 25-57 in Plants, Genes, and Agriculture. Jones and Bartlett, Boston, MA Rifkin, J. The Guardian, May 17, 2002.

52    Rifkin, J. The Guardian, May 17, 2002.

53    Rifkin, J. “The World’s Problems on a Plate: Meat Production is Making the Rich Ill and the Poor Hungry.” Guardian of London. May 17 2002.

54    Rifkin, J. “The World’s Problems on a Plate: Meat Production is Making the Rich Ill and the Poor Hungry.” Guardian of London. May 17 2002.

55    Rifkin, J. “The World’s Problems on a Plate: Meat Production is Making the Rich Ill and the Poor Hungry.” Guardian of London. May 17 2002.

56    Rifkin, J. “The World’s Problems on a Plate: Meat Production is Making the Rich Ill and the Poor Hungry.” Guardian of London. May 17 2002.

CHAPTER VI

57    Haliweil, B. “Grain Harvest Sets Record, but Supplies Still Tight.” Worldwatch Institute, December 12, 2007.

58    North Carolina State University Swine Extension 2003, National Research Council.

59    Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, American Dietetic Association.

60    Opie J, Ogallala (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000) 158.

61    Wikipedia.org.

62    Steinfeld, H.; Gerber, P.; Wassenaar, T.; Castel, V.; Rosales, M.; de Haan, C. 2006. U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome. “Livestock’s Long Shadow -Environmental issues and options.”

63    Compka, Krchnak and Thorne, 2002; UNESCO, 2005.

64    Turner et al. 2004.

65    Southern Nevada Water Authority, 2008.

66    David A. “Geology of the Salton Trough,” Western Washington University, May 28, 2005.

67    Brown, L “Emerging Water Shortages,” (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2006).

68    Langellier, B “Accidental Oasis,” Tucson Citizen, Special Report 6-20-06.

69    Carrier, J “The Colorado: A river run dry.” National Geographic.

70    USDA, 2008.

71    Fradkin, P. “A river no more: The Colorado River and the west” (Berkley: University of California Press, 1994).

72    Opie, J. Ogallala 41.

73    LEAD, 2006.

74    Erlich “The Population Explosion” (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990) 29.

75    Opie, J. Ogallala 152.

76    Opie, J. Ogallala 152.

77    Opie, J. Ogallala 3

78    National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue, study ongoing 2004.

79    Neilemann C., Hain S.jk, Adler J. “In Dead Water: Merging of Climate Change with Pollution” United Nations Environment Programme 2008.

80    Roberts and Hirschfield, UNEP 2006.

81    Cheung, W. et al. Intrinsic vulnerability in the global fish catch, Marine Ecology-Progress Series (2007) 333:1-12.

82    Morato, T. Vulnerability of seamount fish to fishing. Journal of Fish Biology 2006 b, 68:209-221.

83    Johnston and Santillo, 2004.

84    “A Run on the Banks: How ‘Factory Farming’ Decimated Newfoundland Cod.” E/The Environmental Magazine..

85    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 2008.

86    Broadway, M., Stull, D. “Meat Processing and Garden City, KS: Boom and Bust.” Journal of Rural Studies, Volume 22, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 55-66, Michael J. Broadway and Donald D. Stull.

87    FAO.

88    United Nations, 2004.

89    Safina, C. “The World’s Imperiled Fish,” Scientific American, Nov 1995.

90    Report of the Secretary-General, United Nations General Assembly, Oceans and the Law of the Sea, 14 July 2006, item 150.

91    Hance, J. “One-third of Global Marine Catch used as Livestock Feed.” mongabay.com October 30, 2008.

CHAPTER VII

92    Livestock’s Long Shadow, 2006. Henning Steinfield, Pierre Gerber, Tom Wassenaar, Vincent Castel, Mauricio Rosales, Cees de Haan.

93    Livestock’s Long Shadow, 2006. Henning Steinfield, Pierre Gerber, Tom Wassenaar, Vincent Castel, Mauricio Rosales, Cees de Haan.

94    Congressional Legislative Information (OCIR). “Legislative Hearings and Testimony: Statement of Michael Cook before the subcommittee on livestock, dairy, and poultry and the subcommittee on forestry, resource conservation, and research of the committee on agriculture U.S. House of Representatives.” May 13, 1998.

95    “Rearing Cattle Produces More Greenhouse Gases Than Driving Cars, UN Report Warns,” UN News Centre, 29 Nov. 2006.

96    Surf or Turf: A shift from feed to food cultivation could reduce nutrient flux to the Gulf of Mexico. Simon D. Donner, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 410a Robertson Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Received 26 May 2005; received in revised form 10 February 2006; accepted 26 April 2006. Worldwatch Institute, December 2008.

97    Sherman, K., Aquarone, M.C. and Adams, S. (Editors) 2009. Sustaining the World’s Large Marine Ecosystems. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. viii+142p.

98    Worldwatch Institute, December 2008.

99    Weiss, K Salmon Farms are Factory Farms: Dioxins, Pollution and Environmenal Carelessness L.A. Times, December 9, 2002.

100  Weiss.

101  EVS Environmental Consultants. “Impacts of Freshwater and Marine Aquaculture on the Environment: Knowledge and Gaps”. June 2000, p 7.

102  Costanzo et.al., Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol 42 (2) (2001), pp 149-156.

103  Weiss.

104  Worldwatch Institute, December 17, 2008.

CHAPTER VIII

105  CDC/National Center for Health Statistics.

106  The British Medical Journal, 295 (1987): 351-3°.

107  The American Diabetic Association, “Position of the American Diabetic Association and Dieticians of Canada: Vegetarian Diets, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 103 (2003) 748-65.

108  Ornish D. “Can Lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease?” The Lancet 336 (1990): 624-6.

109  American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention.

110  Yale University, “Animal-Based Nutrients Linked With Higher Risk of Stomach and Esophageal Cancers,” news release, 15 Oct. 2001.

111  “Processed Meat May Cause Pancreatic Cancer,” Xinhua News 22 Apr. 2005.

112  World Cancer Research Fund / American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer: a global perspective. 1997 1759 R St. NW Washington, DC 20009. 178-FNS/F27 p 12.a.

113  Arnold, Wilfred Niels (October 2005). “The China Study”. Leonardo (MIT Press) 38 (5): 436.

114  PCRM. Vegetarian Foods: Powerful for Health Fact Sheet. 2005.

115  House, L. “7 Foods So Unsafe Even Farmers Won’t Eat Them.” Planet Green. January 25, 2010.

116  PCRM. Health Concerns About Dairy Products Fact Sheet. 2007.

117  Sampson HA. Food Allergy. Immunopathogenesis and clinical disorders. JAllergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113:805-819.

118  Host A. Frequency of cow’s milk allergy in childhood. Ann Allery Asthma Immunol. 2002;89 (6 Suppl 1):33-7.

119  Gartner LM, Morton J, Lawrence RA, et al; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. Pediatrics. 2005; 115 (2):496-506.

120  Journal of American Dietetic Association. May 2000.

121  Preventing Cancer, PCRM (numerous references).

122  National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet, 2010.

123  CDC Report on Obesity, 2009.

124  Olshansky, et al. 2005.

125  Olshansky, et al. 2005.

126  Preventive Medicine, Nov. 1996.

127  CDC Data and Statistics.

128  Olashansky, et al. 2005.

129  Drug resistant bacteria on poultry products differ by brand, John Hopkins Public Health News Center, 16 Mar. 2005.

130  Drug Resistant Bacteria found in U.S. Meat, Reuters Medical News, 24, May 2001.

131  Silbergeld, E.K. Arsenic in food. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:A338-9.

132  U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services and U.S. EPA, “What you need to know about mercury in fish and shellfish”, Brochure Mar 2004.

133  USDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service, “Foodborne Illness and Disease,” 27 Sep 2006.

134  USDA 2006.

135  CDC U.S. Obesity Trends 1985-2009.

136  USDA 2006.

137  Wuetrich B., “Chasing the fickle swine flu,” Science (2003) 299:1502-1505

138  CDC. Key Facts About Swine Influenza. June 2006.

139  USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service.

140  Tuckman, J. “Four-year-old could hold key in search for source of swine flu outbreak”. The Guardian ADA Position Statement, 749. (2009-04-27).

CHAPTER IX

141  Plainview peanut plant raises questions, Connect Amarillo, February 3, 2009.

142  McCormick, L.W. “Source of Salmonella Contamination in Peanut Butter May Be Found.” ConsumerAffairs.com. February 26, 2009.

CHAPTER X

143  ADA Position Statement, Journal of the American Dietetic Association. July 2009.

144  ADA Position Statement, 749.

145  World Cancer Research Fund? AICR. Food, Nutrition, and the Preventionn of Cancer. A Global Perspective. Washington, DC:AICR;1997.

146  Deckelbaum RJ, Fisher EA, Winston M, et al. Summary of a Scientific Conference on Prventive Nutrition: Pediatrics to Geriatrics. Circutlation. 1999;100:450-456.

147  SaukkonenT, Virtanen SM, Karppinen M, et al. Significance of cow’s milk protein antibodies as risk factor for childhood IDDM: Dibetologia. 1998;72-8.

148  WCRF. “Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective.” November 2007.

149  WCRF. “Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective.” November 2007.

150  PCRM. A New Direction: Food Pyramid Yields to PCRM’s Power Plate. Spring 2010, Vol. XVX, Number 2.

151  Kradjian, R.M. MD. “Milk: The Deadly Poison.” Encognitive.com 2003

152  USDA Economic Research Service.

153  USDA Agriculture Fact Book 1998.

154  USDA Agriculture Fact Book 1998.

155  Gaul, G., Morgan, D., Cohen, S. “No Drought Required for Federal Drought Aid.” Washington Post. July 18, 2006, A01.

156  Singer, R. “Want Fries With that Budget Crisis?” opednews.com. September 18, 2008.

157  Oliver, R. “All about: Global Fishing.” CNN. March 29, 2008.

158  The Best Energy Bill Corporations Could Buy: Summary of Industry Giveaways in the 2005 Energy Bill. Public Citizen Inc.

159  The World Trade Organization and Fisheries Subsidies: Using trade rules to reverse overfishing and promote sustainable fishing world wide. Sakai, C., Sumaila, U., Hirshfield, M. 2008.

160  Worldwatch Institute. Fact Sheet- Catch of the Day: Choosing Seafood for Healthier Oceans. November 6, 2006.

161  WWF Global Marine Programme. Managing Fishing Fleets.

162  The Humane Society of the United States. An HSUS Report: The Impact of Industrialized Animal Agriculture on World Hunger.

163  Wellman, N., Friedberg, B. “Causes and consequences of adult obesity:health, social and economic impacts in the United States.” Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr (2002) 11 (Suppl): S705-S709.

164  FAO Corporate Document Repository. “Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases.” 2003.

165  Amazon Prosperity.

166  Amazon Prosperity.

167  CBS News. “Green Light for Commercial Whale Hunts.” Tokyo. April 26, 2010.

168  Sea Shepherd Conservation Society.

169  Taylor, B.L., Baird, R., Barlow, J., Dawson, S.M., Ford, J., Mead, J.G., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2008). Physeter macrocephalus. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

170  Taylor, B.L., Baird, R., Barlow, J., Dawson, S.M., Ford, J., Mead, J.G., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2008). Physeter macrocephalus. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

171  USDA Economic Research Service.

172  USDA/NASS “Livestock Slaughter 2000 Summary,” March 2001.

173  USDA/NASS “Livestock Slaughter,” Monthly Reports, July 2001.

174  USDA Economic Research Service Data Sets.

175  USDA/NASS “Livestock Slaughter 2000 Summary,” March 2001.

176  Raloff, J. “AAAS: Climate-Friendly Dining…Meats. The Carbon Footprints of Raising Livestock for Food.” Science News. February 15, 2009.

CHAPTER XI

177  Broom D, Cambridge Daily News, 29, Mar 2002.

178  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “Pigmeat, Slaughtered/Production Animals (Head) 2002,” 10 Jun. 2003.

179  Kaufman M, “Pig farming, growing concern” The Washington Post 18 Jun, 2001.

180  Kaufman M, “Pig farming, growing concern” The Washington Post 18 Jun, 2001.

181  Kaufman M, “Pig farming, growing concern” The Washington Post 18 Jun, 2001.

182  Gay, L. “Faulty Practices Result in Inhumane Slaughterhouses,” Scripps Howard News Service, Feb. 2001.

183  Warrick, Washington Post, April 2001.

184  Grimes, W. “If Chickens Are So Smart, Why Aren’t They Eating Us?” New York Times, 12 Jan. 2003.

185  PETA Media Center Factsheets: Poultry and Eggs: Industries That Abuse Chickens.

186  USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service.

187  Agricultural Research, May 2000.

188  Singer, P. (2006). In Defense of Animals. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 176.

189  PETA Media Center Factsheets: Poultry and Eggs: Industries That Abuse Chickens.

190  Mench and Siegel.

191  National Wild Turkey Federation, “All about wild turkey facts,” Nov. 2003.

192  Gerlin A, “On sale now, top turkey classics,” Knight Ridder Newspapers, 26 Nov. 2003.

193  Hougham A, “Turkey, not as dumb as you think,” The Daily Barometer 26 Nov. 2003.

194  National Wild Turkey Federation, “All About Turkeys: Wild Turkey Facts,” Nov. 2008.

195  National Agricultural Statistics Service, “Turkeys Raised,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, 18 Aug. 2009.

196  John C. Voris et al., Turkey Care Practices (Davis, Calif.: University of California, Davis, 1998).

197  Weiss, R. “Techno Turkeys: The Modern Holiday Bird Is a Marvel of Yankee Ingenuity,” The Washington Post 12 Nov. 1997.

198  Karrow, J., Duncan, I. “Starve-Out in Turkey Poults,” Farm Animal Welfare Research at the University of Guelph (1998–2000) Dec. 1999.

199  PETA Media Center Factsheets. Turkeys: Factory-Farmed Torture on the Holiday Table.

200  PETA Media Center Factsheets. Turkeys: Factory-Farmed Torture on the Holiday Table

201  PETA Media Center Factsheets. Turkeys: Factory-Farmed Torture on the Holiday Table.

202  Rosamund Young, The Secret Lives of Cows, Farming Books and Videos, Ltd: United Kingdom, 2003, p. 5.

203  Jonathan Leake, “Cows Hold Grudges, Say Scientists,” The Australian, 28 Feb. 2005.

204  Warrick, J. “‘They Die Piece by Piece’; In Overtaxed Plants, Humane Treatment of Cattle Is Often a Battle Lost,” The Washington Post 10 Apr. 2001.

205  USDA Information Resources on the Care and Welfare of Dairy Cattle 1996-2002

206  Eisnitz, G. “Slaughterhouse: The Shocking Story of Greed, Neglect, and Inhumane Treatment Inside the U.S. Meat Industry.” Prometheus Books, 1997.

207  Warrick, J. “‘They Die Piece by Piece’; In Overtaxed Plants, Humane Treatment of Cattle Is Often a Battle Lost,” The Washington Post 10 Apr. 2001.

208  Warrick, J. “‘They Die Piece by Piece’; In Overtaxed Plants, Humane Treatment of Cattle Is Often a Battle Lost,” The Washington Post 10 Apr. 2001.

209  Warrick, J. “‘They Die Piece by Piece’; In Overtaxed Plants, Humane Treatment of Cattle Is Often a Battle Lost,” The Washington Post 10 Apr. 2001.

210  Warrick, J. “‘They Die Piece by Piece’; In Overtaxed Plants, Humane Treatment of Cattle Is Often a Battle Lost,” The Washington Post 10 Apr. 2001.