Brief Chronology of Champa

 

 

Circa 220-230 C.E

Chinese texts mention a kingdom of Linyi, situated south of the Chinese command post in Rinan and enlarging northward into Rinan territory.

 

284

Embassy of Linyi at the Chinese court.

 

Second half of the third century

Inscription in Sanskrit at Vo Canh (in the Nha Trang region).

 

357

Northern frontier of Linyi (the capital of which is in todays Hue region) drawn at the Gate of Annam.

 

Late fourth century

Several inscriptions written in Sanskrit mention the foundation of the first sanctuary of My Son (dedicated to Shiva).

 

520

A king of Linyi bore the Sanskrit name Vijayavarman.

 

Sixth century

Gradual fusion of Linyi with a kingdom that would later be called Champa.

 

605

Chinese invasion.

 

658-668

Two inscriptions use the term Champa for the first time.

 

774

Sanctuary of Po Nagar (Nha Trang) burnt down by Javanese pirates.

 

Between 854 and 875 and the tenth century

Buddhist sanctuary Dong Duong founded. Time of kingdoms greatest expansion, regions – from north to south with the following Sanskrit names: Indrapura (between the Gate of Annam and the Col of Clouds), Amaravati (Quang Nam and Quang Ngai, including My Son and T Kieu), Vijaya (Binh Dinh), Kauthara (around Nha Trang) and Panduranga (Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan).

 

877

Transcription of the name Champa in Chinese: Tchan Tch’eng.

 

938

Ngo Quyen founded a state independent from China that became Dai Co Viet in 968.

 

950

Khmer raid on Kauthara.

 

982

The Viet king Le Dai Hanh attacks Indrapura.

 

995-997

Raids by Champa on Dai Co Viet.

 

1000

Transfer of the Cham capital from Indrapura to Vijaya.

 

1021-1026-1044

Viet attacks on Champa.

 

Eleventh century

First Muslim communities noted in Champa.

 

1043

Capture of Vijaya by Viet King Ly Thanh Tong.

 

1068

Champa attack on Dai Co Viet.

 

1069

The Viet king Ly Thanh Tong defeated Champa (Quy Nhon taken). Three northern provinces ceded by Champa to Dai Viet, as war damages.

 

1074

King Harivarman IV crowned. Closer ties with China.

 

1145

Khmer king Suryavarman II invaded Champa.

 

1177

Angkor, Khmer capital, taken by the Champa army.

 

1181

Jayavarman VII crowned in Angkor.

 

1190

Jayavarman VII freed his kingdom and captured Vijaya, the Cham capital.

 

1203-1220

After further battles, Champa is annexed by the Khmer kingdom.

 

1283

Mongol invasion.

 

End of the thirteenth century

Cham script replaced Sanskrit in inscriptions.

 

1306

Prince Harijit obtained the hand of the sister of the Viet king Tran Anh Tong in exchange for the cession of two northern Champa provinces (O and Ri).

 

Between 1371 and 1389

The lost provinces were reclaimed by king Che Bong Nga, who also carried out raids on the Viet capital Thang Long, later called Hanoi.

 

1471

Vijaya, the Champa capital, taken by the Viet: 60,000 killed and 30,000 made prisoner. The victorious Viet king, Le Thanh Tong, gave Bo Tri Tri, a military chief in Vijaya, the lands of Kauthara, Panduranga and the high plateaux of the west. The new kingdom received Chinese investiture in 1478.

 

1653

Another Cham defeat by Viet King Nguyen. Of Champa, only Panduranga remained.

 

1692

Further defeat: Panduranga lost its independence.

 

1802-1822

Po Sau Nun Can, a Cham and the companion in war of the emperor Gia Long, became leader of Panduranga (a protectorate of Annam).

 

1832

Death of Le Van Duyet. Vietnamese emperor Minh Menh erased the remains of Champa from the map.

 

1835

Death of Ja Tak Va.