Aboriginal people, 282
health care professionals training, 285
language and communication, 284
resources and health care, accessing, 283–285
YBB Aboriginal Corporation for Community Health, 286–287
Abortion, in Islam, 240
Accra Confession, 52
Achachilas (God Mountains), 271, 274
Adhyatma, 177
Afterlife, 340
Aggiornamento, 164
Ahavat ger (loving the stranger), 53
Akal Takhat, 253
Al-Khattab, Omar Ibn, 234, 236
Allah, 229, 230, 234, 235, 242
“Alley Sister,” 165
Alterations, in spiritual integrity, 67
Amedah prayer, 207
American Indian
at childhood age, 281
cooperation among community members, 280–281
family caregivers, 280
and nursing, 277
oral tradition, 277
spirituality and religion, 278–279
American Nurses Association (ANA), 9–10, 350, 352
American Pentecostal traditions, 47
Amish community, 38
Amoraim, 207
Amrit (baptism), 253, 255, 259, 261, 262–263
ANA Code of Ethics with Interpretive Statements, 352
Analects, 36
Anticolonialist resistance, 102–103
Application phase, of sacred writings, 34
Aquinas, Thomas, 51
Archdiocese of Detroit, 166
Ardas (formal prayer), 259
Ashkenazim, 198
Assisted reproductive technology (ART), 241–242
Asubha (inauspiciousness), 183
Atman (soul or essence), 176–177
“Aura of factuality,” 20
Australian Indigenous people. See Indigenous Australians
Authority, moral, 30–31, 47, 57, 252, 386
Ayurveda (system of medicine)
body and mind, 180
Charak/Caraka, 179, 180–181, 185
definition of, 179
Samhitas, 179
scientific approach stems, 179–180
Sushruta, 179
Ba-kesh shalom (seek peace), 53
Baha’i, formal norm in, 36
Basileias, 217
Berachot (blessings), 202, 203
Berger, Peter, 8
Bhagya, 175
Bielaia Krinitsia Church of Russia
(Ukraine), 40
Bioethics, 82, 100–101, 268, 303, 386
Bloody Sunday, 165
Bodily existence, 40
Body
Bolivian highlands
medical and religious pluralism in. See Medical and religious pluralism, in Bolivian highlands
Brigolage, 93
British Journal of Nursing, 341
Buddhism
concepts of, 21
diverse forms, 28
formal norm in, 36
and social justice, 53
Theravada, 28
Tipitaka Mahayana Sutras, 33
Buddhist Global Relief, 30
Burlingame. See Sisters of Mercy, in Ireland
Canada, 28, 68, 93, 103, 104, 131, 131–136, 257–259
Canadian missionaries, in China, 132
Canadian Nurses Association (CNA), 350–351, 352
Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), 132
Canon, 31
Carak/Charak, 179, 180–181, 185, 189–190, 191
Caring
Basil the Great, 217
for Hindus, 191
hu sih (caring scholar), 129, 138
in Islam, 245
nursing’s ethical focus of, 81–82
Cascadia, 69
Casuistic reasoning, 43–44, 48
Catholic Church, 152, 154, 155, 156, 162, 164, 166, 225, 274
Catholic Health Association (CHA), 159, 166
Catholic nursing education, expansion of, 157–160. See also Roman Catholic nursing
Charak/Caraka, 179, 180–181, 185
Charism, 12
Chesed (loving kindness), 53
Chicago Tribune, 156
China Inland Mission (CIM), 132, 135–136
China, missionary nursing, development of, 129–145
Christ, 214
Christian African American cancer survivors, 372–373
Christianity. See also Roman Catholic nursing
core beliefs and authority in, 214–216
formal norm in, 36
health and medicine in, 217–219
hospitality to strangers, 216–217
tensions between religious and feminist ethics, 84–86
Church, 55, 101, 102, 118, 135–137, 139, 164–165, 214, 225, 273, 274
Civil religion, 29
Clemens, Samuel Langhorne. See Twain, Mark
Client-professional relationship, 11
Coitus interruptus, 241
Collegiate occupational control, 11
Colonialism, 95, 96–97, 101, 104. See also Postcolonial theory
Colonization, 96, 97, 99, 117, 268, 284
Communitarianism, 257, 258, 260
Communities
Complementary and alternative therapy (CAT), 322
Confession, in Christianity, 52, 78, 225
Conscience, 47
Conscientious objection clause, 49, 351–352
Constructive theology, process, 42
Contextualization/inculturation, 298
Contraception, in Islam, 241
Cooperation, 236
Critical methods, sacred scriptures study of, 34
Critique
postcolonialism’s strategy of, 105, 106
reflexivity, and praxis strategies, ethical implications for, 105–107
Cultural Christians, 29
Cultural Hindus, 29
Cultural safety, concept of, 268
Culture
American Indian, 281
definition, 197
East Asian Confucian cultures, 121
emergent spiritualities, 298
health care access, 283
Indian culture, 185
religious, relationship with, 28, 38–39, 78
Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DES), 363
Dakota community, 275–276. See also American Indian
at childhood age, 281
cooperation among community members, 280–281
spirituality of, 279
Daodejing. See Tao De Ching
Darchei shalom (the ways of peace), 53
Dasvandh, tenth part, 253, 257, 258
Daughters of Charity, 153, 156–157, 158, 165
Daya (kindness/compassion), 252
Deaconesses, 218
Decision making and Hindu ethics, 190–191
Deductive and casuistic moral reasoning, 42–44
The Desecularization of the World, 8
Dharma (righteousness and morality), 173, 174, 175, 179, 186, 189, 191, 252
Dialectical secularization theories, 6
Diaspora
Islamic, 104
religious ethics, 28
Sikhs, 251
Dimensions of the Sacred: An Anatomyof the World’s Beliefs, 19
Disenchantment, and secularization, 5
Diversity
religious, 4, 69, 78, 93, 94, 255–256, 297
Divine, 31–32, 68, 162, 197, 200, 315, 324, 346, 347
Duty, 49, 139, 152, 186, 188, 191, 200, 238, 243, 246, 289, 382
Eastern Orthodox Christian theology, 215
Edot Mizrach. See Sephardim
Egotropic risks, 8
Ek Ong Kar (one creator), 252
Emergent nonreligious spiritualities
caring, alternate forms of, 299
cultural transformation, 296–297
ethical nursing practice, implications for, 304–307
and New Age Movement, 299
spiritual practices, 297, 299–301
Emet (truth), 53
Ensoulment, in Islam, 240, 241
Environment
of brigolage, 93
constraints and practice in religion, 381–382
health care, 280
in Islam, 234
Epistemic, privilege and marginality, 98–101
Eros (erotic love), 215
Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services, 166
Ethics. See also Feminist ethics; Nursing ethics
of care, 303
emergent spiritualities and nursing, 302–304
Eucharist. See Holy Communion
European colonialism, 97
Evangelical Christian, 272, 273, 298
Evangelism, 136, 137, 142, 143
Exegesis phase, of sacred writing, 34
“False self,” 190
Family and marriage, in Islam, 237
Family planning and contraception, in Islam, 241
Fardh kifaya (sufficiency duty), 243, 245
Fatwa (legal ruling), 231, 238–239, 242, 244
Female circumcision/female genital mutilation/female genital cutting, in Islam, 242–243
Feminism
care-focused versus power-focused ethics, 83
and nursing, relationship between, 79–81
Feminist ethics
bioethical approaches, 82
questions and perspectives
to health care and nursing ethics, 83
and religious ethics, in nursing, 77–89
contributions and tensions, 84–86
tri-partite framework
subjective immersion, 86, 87–88
Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), 231, 232
Five Books of Moses. See Pentateuch
Five Ks, in Sikhism, 255
Folk religion. See Civil religion
Forgiveness, 47, 225, 325, 372
Formal norms, in religions, 35–36
Fundamentalism, 121
“Fusers,” 297
Gandhi, Mohandas, 47
Gatka, 253
Gaudium et Spes (Joy and Hope), 164
Gender
equity in Islam, 245
relationships of, 185
roles reflection, 80
Generosity, in South Asian community, 258
Gita. See Bhagavad Gita
Globalization
racialization of religion, 103
God, 80, 174–175, 204–206, 363–364
in Christianity, 214, 215, 223
religious beliefs and illness, 314–315, 316
God Mountains, 271
Good Samaritan Law, 209
Gospels, 216
Grey Nuns, in Montreal (1737), 79–80
Gunas (qualities/virtues), 189
Rajas (extreme activity/restlessness), 179, 180
sattva (spirituality), 179
Guru Amar Das Ji, 253
Guru Angad Ji, 253
Guru Arjan Dev Ji, 253
Guru Gobind Singh Ji, 253
Guru Granth Sahib (Sikhism), 33
Guru Har Rai Ji, 253
Guru Hargobind Ji, 253
Guru Harkrishan Ji, 253
Guru Nanak Dev Ji, 252, 253, 254
Guru Ram Das Ji, 253
Guru Teg Bahadur Sahib Ji, 253
Gurus and historical development, of Sikhism, 252, 253
Gutka (small book of holy prayers), 255
Hacersangre (make blood), 272
Hadith (sayings), 36, 230, 231–232, 234, 238, 243
Halacha (Jewish law/jurisprudence), 198, 199
Halachic Jewish prayer, 207
Hammerskjold, Dag, 47
Haram (absolutely forbidden), 230, 231
Haredi. See Ultra-Orthodox
Hariga bayadayim (killing with one’s hands), 43
Harmindar sahib (Golden Temple), 253
Healer
Health
and Aboriginal people, 282–283, 285–286
Islamic views, in nursing paradigm concepts, 231–233
and medicine in Christian tradition, 217–219
and religious ethics, 29, 40, 51, 66, 273–275
Health care
Hierophanies (manifestation of the sacred), 16–17
Hillel, Rabbi, 35
Himat (courage), 252
Hinduism
formal norm in, 36
healer, physician role, 183–184
influence for patients and nurses
origin of, 173
person in illness, role of, 181–182
body versus soul (atman), 176–177
powers of nature, 175
themes of, 174
truth, kinds of, 187
Hindus, 29, 173, 177, 182, 191, 194
Historical versions, of secularization theory, 6
Holistic ethics, 304
Holistic health, in Islam, 233
Holocaust genocide (Holocaust), 4, 55
Holy Spirit, 85
Honan Seven, the, 134
Honesty, in message and methods, 353
Hospitality to strangers, in Christianity, 216–217
Hu shih (caring scholar), 129, 138
Human rights and security, 233–237
Human spirit, power of, 62
Humility, 354
Humorism, 180
Hybridism, identity and, 103–104, 273–275
Identity
and hybridism, 103–104, 273–275
Ihsan. See Perfection
Illness
religious beliefs and, 314–321
Imago mundi, 215
Incarnate Word Sisters, 161, 163
Inclusiveness, 220
Indigenous Australians
Aboriginal spirituality, 285–286
health care professionals, training of, 285
resources and health care, accessing, 283–285
Torres Strait Islanders, 282, 284
YBB Aboriginal Corporation for Community Health, 286–287
Ineffable, 44
International Council of Women (ICW), 140
International Red Crescent, 55
Interpretation phase, of sacred writings, 34
Intersectionality
to nursing ethics, 119
identity and moral agency, 122–123
social justice and health inequities, 119–121
of religion, culture, ethics, and nursing, 113–124
of spirituality and religion
complicating conceptions of, 116–117
gender, race, and class, intersections of, 117–119
Ishwar, God, 174
Islam
community and society, 235–236
environment, 234
ethical principles
abortion, 240
contraception, 241
female circumcision/female genital mutilation, 242–243
flexibility of Islamic law, 238
human dignity, 237
prohibition of causing harm, 238
reproductive assisted technology, 241–242
respect, justice, and beneficence, 237–238
family and marriage, 237
formal norm in, 36
human security, 234
individuals in, 234
medical and nursing professions in, 243–246
nursing paradigms
health accountability, 233
health restoration, preservation, and maintenance, 232
holistic health, 233
philosophical views of, 229–231
truth, knowledge, and research, 235
Islamic Aid Worldwide, 30
Islamic Code of Medical Ethics, 243
Islamic diaspo1p11ra, in western countries, 104
Islamic law. See Shari’a
Islamic Relief USA, 55
Ithm (harm), 238
Jainism, 37
Jesus Christ, 214
Jewish Bible, 33
Jewish Coalition for Disaster Relief, 30
Jewish Distribution Committee, 55
Johns Hopkins Training School for Nurses, 131
Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 39
Judaism
harnessing nature and “conquering god” for healing, 204–206
Ketuvim (writings), 33
obligations as human beings and professionals from, 199–200
professional empathizers, nurses as, 201–202
Tanakh (Jewish scriptures), 33
Torah, 197
Kabbala, Jewish mysticism of, 207–208
Kamil As-Sina’ah, 231
Kara (steel/iron bangle), 256
Karma (actions), 174, 175, 177, 186, 187. See also Dharma
cycle and fate, in Sikhism, 258–259
Kashrut, dietary laws of, 29
Kavanah (direction of the heart/intention), 207
Kavod ha’briot (dignity of all creatures), 53
Kirtan, 254
Kirtans sohila (prayer for bed time), 254, 259
Kohlberg, Lawrence, 81
Krishna, Lord, 174–175, 176, 186
Krit, 253
Ks, five, of Sikhism
kachhera (characteristic shorts), 255
kanga (wooden comb), 255
kara (iron bracelet), 255, 256
kirpan (swords), 255
Lakota, 276
Lama, Dalai, 53
Langar (community kitchen), 253
Laozi (Lao Tzu), 33
Laudanum, 161
Lectio divina (sacred reading), 12
Life and death, Islamic views on, 238–239
Lived religion, concept of, 100, 117, 123, 267, 386
Lo ta’amod (you shall not stand idly by), 53
Maa’rouf. See Sadaqa
Maimonides, 198, 199–200, 204, 208
Makrouh (disapproved but not forbidden), 230
Manasa (mind), 187
Manual for the Care of the Sick, 160
Manual of Decrees of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, 1888, 158, 160
Marginalization, 99
Marriage and family, in Islam, 237
Masmoush (permitted), 230
Maximus (580–662 CE), 215, 222
McKechnie-Reifsnyder, missionary dyad, 132
Measurement indicators, of religious concepts, 365. See also Religious concepts, in nursing
Mediative occupational control, 11
Medical and nursing professions, in Islam, 243–246
Medical and religious pluralism, in Bolivian highlands
alcohol, avoidance of, 273
in Senkata, 273
and social relationship, 271
and spirituality, 271
and supernatural forces, 271
and yatiri (local shamans), 273
Medina, 246
Mennonite Central Committee (MCC), 55
“Mercy killing,” in Islam, 240
Metaparadigm concepts, of nursing, 64
Methodist mission, 132, 135, 136
Minjerriba. See North Stradbroke Island
Miri and piri (warrior and saint), 252, 253, 254
Mishnah, 204
Missionary nursing
for Canadians, 136
female-dominated profession, arm of, 138–140
laying the groundwork for, 130–133
male-dominated church, arm of, 135–137
Mckechnie, Elizabeth, proximity with women of influence, 140–143
religious ideals, internationalizing, 143–145
responding to the call, 133–135
Modus vivendi, finding meaning in suffering and learning from sick, 203–204
Mokham (self-confidence), 252
Moksha (freedom), 174, 175, 190, 191
Monotheistic religion, Judaism, 197
Moral agency, identity and, 122–123
Moral authority, 30–31, 47, 57, 252, 386
Moral reasoning methods, in religions, 42–43
Morality
in Islam, 239
Mosaic law, 219
Mukti. See Moksha
Mullanphy hospital, 154
Muslim. See also Islam
religious duties, 230
Mustahab (recommended), 230
Naam simran (daily meditation and prayers), 254
Nachmanides, 204
Nakota, 276
Native peoples, religions of
identity and hybridism, 273–275
Indigenous Australians, 282–285
medical and religious pluralism, in Bolivian highlands, 270–273
Naturalism, for nursing practice, 70
Negative religious coping, 369
Neocolonialism, 97
Neoliberalism, description of, 59
New Age Movement, 300
New Testament, 33, 214, 217, 220, 349
Nightingale, Florence, 12, 21–22, 49, 63, 80, 152
Nirankar (without form), 252
Non-maleficence, 100
Nonreligious vocations, 45
“Normativity of whiteness,”100 –101
North Stradbroke Island, 286
Nuns, 152, 155, 157, 159, 160, 163, 165, 166
Nurse religiosity
colloquial prayer, 340
and nursing care
clinicians decision making, 345
conscientious objection clause, 350–351
religio-specific nursing practice, 345
religion affecting nurses’ attitudes and care, 346–348
religious coping among nurses, 348
theoretical and empirical literature, 344–348
during patient care
conscientious objection clause, 350–351
intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, 350
negative and positive effects in nurse–patient encounters, 349–350
principles for religious evangelism, 353
religious beliefs and practices, 341–342, 344
Nurses
development of professional training schools for, 131
as professional empathizers, 201–202
Nurses Association of China (NAC), 129, 139
Nursing. See also Roman Catholic nursing
in Christianity, 221–223. See also Christianity
as covenantal caring, 81
disciplinary study of religion, 70–72
and feminism, complex relationship, 79–81
feminist and religious ethics in, 77–89
contribution and tension, 84–86
and Hinduism, 184–185. See also Hinduism
and holistic, whole person care, 15–16
interaction with religion, 12–15
in Islam, 244–246. See also Islam
and Judaism, 201–202. See also Judaism
missionary. See Missionary nursing
practice, boundaries of, 380–381
religion in. See Religion
religious ethics and religious social ethics, 27–57
in Sikhism, 260–262. See also Sikhism
tri-partite framework for exploring ethical issues, 86–88
Nursing aspirations
secularization, science, religion, and, 2–3
Nursing education
establishment of professional, 130
Nursing ethics
contributions of postcolonial theory, 93–107
intersectionality of, 119
identity and moral agency, 122–123
social justice and health inequities, 119–121
Nursing Journal of China, 139
Nursing theory
current religious influences on, 67–69
ethical implications of religious influences on, 69–70
religion and human condition, 385–386
religious influences on early, 63–64
Objectivity, postcolonial critics, 99
Oblate Sisters of Providence, 154
Occupational control, forms of, 11
Oceti Sakowin (Seven Fireplaces), 276
Old Believers, 40
Old Testament, 33, 214, 220, 223
Oneness, value of, 38, 40, 244, 254
Organ transplant technology, 205
Orientalism and religion, 98–99
Orthodox Christianity, 29
Pacem in Terris (Peace on Earth), 165
Pachamama (Mother Earth), 271, 272
Panjpyare (five beloved ones), 252, 257
Parable, 220
Paramatman, 177
Parsons, Talcott, 5
Patient care
conscientious objection clause, 350–351
honesty, 353
humility, 353
intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, 350
negative and positive effects in nurse–patient encounters, 349–350
nurse religiosity during, 349–354
reciprocity, 353
respect, 353
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, 167
Patients
Patriarchy, 28, 30, 117, 120, 121
Patronage occupational control, 11
Pentateuch (Five Books of Moses), 33
Perichoresis, 215
Person in illness, role of, 181–182
Personhood, in Hindu religion, 176–182
body versus soul (atman), 176–177
Perspectivism, concept of, 3
Philadelphia Woman’s Hospital, 131, 141
Physician-assisted-suicide, 39, 347
Physician role, healer, 183–184
Pima Native American tradition
formal norm in, 36
Placilla, 217
Pluralism, medical and religious, 270–273
Political civil religion, 29
Positive religious coping, 369
Postcolonial theory
contributions to nursing ethics, 93–107
critique, reflexivity, and praxis strategies, 105–107
epistemic privilege and marginality, 98–101
hybridity and identity, 103–105
race and racialization, 101–103
synopsis of postcolonialism, 96–98
Powers of nature, in Hinduism
Brahma, 175
Shiva, 175
Vishnu, 175
Prakriti (nature), 176
Prayer
in Islam, 235
religious practices in response to illness, 322–323, 329–330
Precritical approach, to sacred writings, 35
Presbyterian Church (USA), 54
Presbyterian mission, 134, 135
Profession, nursing, 10–11. See also Occupational control, forms of
The Professional Status of Nursing, 10
Proof texting approach, 35
Prophet Muhammad, 229, 230, 232, 235
Proselytizing, in clinical practice, 13, 351–354
Protestant Churches, 225
Provincializing Europe, 99
Purity, concept of, 179, 182–183, 190
Qiyass (analogy), 230
Quality practice environments, 381
Quandamooka (Moreton Bay), 286
Quechua, 270
Qur’an, 33, 57, 229, 230. See also Islam
Rabbinic tradition, core values of, 53
Race and racialization, postcolonial concept of, 101–103
Rajas, 179
Rama and Krishna, Hindu deities, 175
Rashi (1040–1105 CE), 200
Rawls, John, 51
Reason, as religious–ethical authority
constructive theology, process, 42
deductive and casuistic moral reasoning, 42–43
Reciprocity, 353
Reflexivity, postcolonialism’s strategy of, 105, 106
Regla de Ocha (Santería), 298
Rehat Maryada, 252, 253, 261, 262
Rehraas sahib, 254
Reincarnation, 171
Religio-specific nursing practice, 345
Religion. See also Postcolonial theory; Secularization thesis
constraints and practice environments, 381–382
current influences on nursing theory, 67–69
on early nursing theory, influence of, 63–64
ethical implications for nursing theory, 69–70
experiences of agency, 71
human spirit, power of, 62
identity, inclusion, and exclusion, 383–385
informing nursing discipline, 70–72
Internet usage, 62
lived religion and lived ethics, 386
nursing identity, and aspiration, 370–380
and nursing practice boundaries, 380–381
and nursing theoretical thinking, 61–73
nursing theory, and human condition, 385–386
nursing’s interaction with, 12–15
power of ideas, 62
substantive vs. functional definitions, 20
Religiosity factor, 366
Religious beliefs and illness
challenge, value, and punishment, 316–317
clinical implications of, 327–330
cognitive religious coping (RC), 317–318
empirical perspectives, 314–315
patient theological perspectives, 315–317
Religious concepts, in nursing
conceptual characteristics, 362, 367–371
inferential process, 361
introduction, 359
latent concepts, 360
about measurement validation, 360–363
operational characteristics, 362
philosophical underpinnings, 362, 371–373
Religious coping (RC), 317–319
among nurses, 348
Religious–ethical authority
bringing together, 47
religious experience as, 44–47
sacred writings and sacred stories as, 31–38
Religious experience
community of reference, 46
ineffable reality, 44
nonreligious vocations, 45
as religious–ethical authority, 44–47
several areas, influence of, 46
Religious practices, in response to illness, 321–322
clinical implications of, 327–330
prevalence, 322
Religious Problem-Solving Scales (RPSS), 364, 365
Religious tradition
civil and religious culture, 38
formal aspects of, 39
online usage, 39
in realm of nursing and bioethics, 39–40
as religious–ethical authority, 38–41
as stewardship/stewardship of the body, 40
Reproductive assisted technology. See Assisted reproductive technology (ART)
Response to illness
influence of Hinduism, 188–190
religious practices in, 321–324
Revised Age University I/E Scale, 371
Righteousness, 175
Roman Catholic nursing
19th and 20th centuries in United States
nursing orders, expansion of, 153–157
Roman Catholic nursing education, expansion of, 157–160
specific nursing practices, 160–164
and caretaking up to 1800, 153
history of, in United States, 151–167
and Roman Catholic sister-nurses, 152, 157–158, 159, 160, 162, 162, 165, 167
transitions in church and society, after 1950
changes in education, hospitals, and Roman Catholic church, 164
nurse activists for social justice, 164–165
Vatican, increasing influence of, 166–167
Roman Catholics, 47, 224, 225, 274, 340
Rorschach test, 68
“Russell, Mother Baptist,” 151
Sabbath, 220
Sacralization, 383
Sacraments, 163, 222, 224, 225
Sacred writings and sacred stories
basic approaches, 38
canon of a community, 31
critical methods of study, 34
definition of, 31
examples of, 33
formal norms in religions, 36–37
fundamental phases of, 34
Hindu Mahabharata, origin of, 32
from Islamic tradition, 57
as moral cookbook, 35
as religious–ethical authority, 31–38
and Shintoism, 32
textual studies, development of, 32
Sadaqa, 236
Sage, purpose of praying, 207
Sahib (nobility and grace), 252
Samhitas, 179
Samsara, 174
Sanatan Dharma (eternal duties/path), 173
Sanctity of life, 87, 205, 221
Sangat (congregation), 253
Sansara. See Samsara
Sat-Chit-Anand, 177
Sati, 253
Sattva, 179
Schools of Fiqh, 231
Science, in nursing science, 14
Sects, 7
categories of, 6
disenchantment of society, 5
in Europe and United States, 6
“God is Dead” movement of 1960s, 3–4
modernization of society, 5
Protestant Reformation and, 4
rationalization of society, 5
revival, and religious innovation, 7–8
science, religion, and nursing’s aspirations, 2–3
transcendent God and, 4
war ended with Peace of Westphalia, 4–5
Segulot (spiritual remedies), 209
Self-care deficit theory, 64–65
Self-reflection, 296
Self-sufficiency, 235
Selfless service, in Sikhism
individual community member, support for, 257
larger community, support for, 257–258
local and global communities, support for, 258
principle of, 256
seva and dasvandh concepts, 257
Sephardim, 198
Setting-in-life (sitz-im-leben), 34
Seva (volunteering for humanity), 185, 191, 253, 254. See also Selfless service
Sevabharati, Hindu organization, 56
Seven Fireplaces. See Oceti Sakowin
Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Christian, 340
Shabads (hymns/prayers), 253, 254
Shaman. See Yatiri
Shattuck, Elizabeth, 131
Shiva, God of destruction, 175
Shruti, 186
Sikh Code of Conduct and conventions. See Rehat Maryada
Sikhism
diversity within Sikh community, 255–256
formal norm in, 36
Guru Granth Sahib, 33
Gurus and historical development of, 252, 253
individuals working as nurse, 262
respect and nursing profession, 260–262
selfless service
individual community member, supporting for, 257
larger community, supporting for, 257–258
local and global communities, supporting for, 258
principle of, 256
seva and dasvandh concepts, 257
treatment decision making, 259–260
Simcha (gladness), concept of, 53
Simran (meditation), 254
Simultaneity strand, 65
Singh, Libar, 257
“Sioux,” 276
Sisters of Charity
of Nazareth, 154
of Our Lady of Mercy, 154
of St. Joseph, 153
Sisters of Mercy
in Ireland, 155
in United States, 155
Sisters of Providence, 154, 155, 160
Sisters of St. Francis of Our Lady of Lourdes, 161–162
Sisters of the Holy Cross, 155, 157
Sisters of the Sorrowful Mother, 157
“Sisters’ Tickets,” 157
Sitz-im-leben (setting-in-life), 34
Smriti (remembered truth), 33, 186
Social engagement, of religious ethics
disaster relief, 55
opportunities for nursing, 55–57
social advocacy, 56
Social ethics, 303
Social justice
Accra Confession and, 52
as foremost concern, 51
functions of, 50
and health inequities, 119–121
liberation theology and, 51
neoliberalism and, 50
as participatory and democratic form, 53–54
theoretical scaffolding for, 55
Socio-tropic risks, 8
Solidarity, 235
Spiritual care
providers, 382
Spiritual Care Perspective Survey, 371
Spiritual gift. See Charism
Spiritual maturity, definition of, 45
Spiritual pain, diagnosis of, 67
Spiritual practices, 313
Spiritual Well-Being Scale, 371
Spirituality
and Aboriginal people, 286
Dakota community and, 279
of El Alto’s inhabitants, 271
feminist and religious ethics in nursing, 85–86
measurement of, 366
and religion. See also Postcolonial theory
religious experience and, 44–465
Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji (SGGSJ), 252, 253
Sruti (“that which is heard”), 33
St. Joseph’s Hospital, 155
Student Volunteer Movement (SVM), 134
Subgenera, 34
Subha (auspiciousness), 183
Subjective immersion, 86, 87–88
Suggestions for Thought, 63
Sui generis (of its own kind), 16
Supernatural forces, 271
Sushruta, 179
Sutrakritanga, 36
Syncretization, 297
versus contextualization, 298
Synoptic Gospels, 218, 219, 220
Talmud, 43, 199, 202, 203–204, 205
Tamas, 179
Tanach/Tanakh, Jewish, 33, 197, 206
Tannaim, 207
Tao De Ching (Daoism/Taoism), 33
Taylor, Hudson, 133
Teloi (ends), 40
A Tentative Code for Nurses in the American Journal of Nursing (AJN), 9–10
Tertullian (160–220 CE), 214
“Tiene más hambre,” 272
Tikkun olam (repairing the world), 53
Tipitaka Mahayana Sutras (Buddhism), 33
Tomorrow’s God, 67
Toronto General Hospital (TGH) Training School, for Nurses, 131
Torres Strait Islanders, 282, 284–285
Tractate Shabbat, 199
Transportation technologies, advancement of, 132
Treatment decision making, for Sikh patient and family, 259–260
Trustworthiness, 192
Truth
definition of, 235
empirical knowledge, 187
transcendental knowledge, 187
Twain, Mark, 1
Tzedakah (charity), 53
Übermensch, concept of, 3
Ultra-Orthodox (Haredi), 198–199
Unique variance approach, 368, 369–370
United Church, 102, 135, 136, 143
United Methodist Committee on Relief (UMCOR), 55
United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), 54
Roman Catholic nursing history in, 151–167
Universalism, 100
Universality, philosophy of, 257
Ursuline sisters, 153
USS Red Rover, 156
Uthman, 57
Vacha (speech), 187
Vandkaychakna, 253
Vatican, increasing influence in medical ethics norms for Catholic hospitals, 166–167
Vedic Age, 173
Vegetarianism, 385
“Vibrant evangelical faith,” 133
Virtues
of Karma (action), 187
of Manasa (mind), 187
of Vacha (speech), 187
Vishnu, God of preservation, 175
Vocation, 223
Wajib (obligation), 230
Warakho Apachita (Amachuma sacred place), 273
Western Wall, 207
Wilancha ceremony, 272
Woman’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 132
Woman’s Union Missionary Society (WUMS), 131
Women’s suffrage movement, 130, 131, 140
Woolston, Thomas, 7
Yatiri (local shamans), 270, 273
Yoruba
formal norm in, 37
Yulu-Burri-Ba (YBB) Aboriginal Corporation for Community Health, 286–287
Zakat (giving money to charity), 230
Zarathustra, 3