Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
“ability-to-pay principle,” 9
accumulation through dispossession, 112
“additionality” requirement (Kyoto Protocol), 26, 30
Advanced Cell Technology, 106
Africa: food production in, 75, 76; rice production in, 79; solar power in, 16; U.S. HIV/AIDS programs for, 16, 141
African American communities: food deserts, 126; public housing in Chicago, 119–120, 121, 122
African Americans, income disparities of, 123
agriculture: climate change and, 75; conservation agriculture, 78–79, 87; genetic engineering, 79, 80; international trade, 102
animal breeding-management programs, 104–105
animal rights, Marxist theory and, 95
animals: animal abuse, 90–91; breeding-management programs, 104–105; cloning, 105–106, 171nn49, 53; commodification of, 95; empathy and care, 94; environmental change and, 88–110; feminist-animal liberation, 92, 94, 171n48; meatpacking, 98–100, 170nn32, 34, 35, 173n69; Mercy for Animals undercover videos, 90; moral value of, 93; objectification of, 94; reproduction, 104–106; slaughter process, 109, 169n28; speciesism, 93, 94; species biodiversity loss, 9, 13, 53, 156n2, 159n3
Argentina, conservation agriculture, 78
artificial insemination, of farm animals, 104–105
Asia, climate change and agriculture, 75, 76
Bangladesh, floods in, 52
Bengal, conservation agriculture in, 80
Benin, genetically modified rice, 79
Biwater (water company), 59
Blowout in the Gulf (Freudenburg & Gramling), 134
Bolivia: water riots, 56–57, 69, 70; water shortages in, 71
Brazil, conservation agriculture, 78
A Brief History of Neoliberalism (Harvey), 125
buildings: green buildings, 114; LEED tool for energy efficiency, 115
capital: biopolitical dimension of, 49; common and, 90, 97; demand and, 107; hydrologic cycle and, 66–67; industrial food complex and, 97; labor and, 90, 97; Marx on, 64, 97, 107, 152n21; organization of bodies, 110; as process, 97; social organization and, 17; urban development and, 124; as value in motion, 107
capital accumulation: by dispossession, 125; Marx on, 67; reproductive labor and, 50; as shaper of social organization, 126; urban transformation and, 125; violence in, 12
capitalism: adaptability of, 146; biopolitical production of water, 65; commodification of animals, 95; commons and, 90; contradiction of, 5; crisis capitalism, 136; disaster capitalism, 136; geographic landscape and, 112; limits on capital in, 11
carbon dioxide, 3, 4; CO2e, 180n6; flat carbon tax, 180n6; global warming potential, 153n3; safe limits for, 23
carbon emissions: reduction of, 9–11, 23; U.S. economy as driver of, 14
carbon-offset market, 22–38; carbon-offset trading program, 26; fetishisms, 35, 36; recent trends in, 33; value of, 33; violence against environment and people, 30–33
carbon-offset trading program, 26
carbon storage, temporal dimensions, 31
The Case for Animal Rights (Regan), 168n17
CCX. See Chicago Climate Exchange
CDM. See Clean Development Mechanism
“The Charter of the New Urbanism,” 116
Chicago, 111, 113, 118–119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125–126, 127, 175n38
Chicago Climate Action Plan, 123, 124
China: carbon emissions of, 14, 43; greenhouse gas emissions and, 14; one-child policy, 40–41, 157n8; outsourcing to, 14, 15, 43; sex population ratio, 157n9; water consumption of, 66
cities: community-oriented urban planning, 121; ecological footprint of, 117; food deserts in, 91, 107, 120, 125, 126; green cities, 111–129, 173nn2, 9; greenhouse gas emissions of, 122; high rises, 121; LEED tool for energy efficiency, 115; mixed-use and mixed-income developments, 121; modern feeling in, 112, 113, 117, 124, 127, 128; New Urbanism, 116–118, 119, 120, 121, 124; popular culture’s vision of, 122; public-housing demolition in, 118–121, 122; revitalization projects, 120; sustainable cities, 173nn2, 9; transportation habits, 114
clean technologies. See green technologies
Climate Action Plan (Chicago), 123, 124
climate change, 3–4, 23; capitalizing from, 20; challenge of, 145–146; climate capitalism, 8–21; consumption patterns and, 45; economic opportunity from, 12, 14; ethics of, 9; food system and, 73–87; global water crisis, 52–72; population and, 42–43, 45, 51; problems resulting from, 4; unequal impact of, 13; use of term, 6; water shortages and, 70
Clorox, “natural” products, 19, 20
Cochabamba (Bolivia), water riots, 56–57, 69, 70
commodities: green commodities, 17–18, 19, 20; green technology to manufacture, 12; Marx on objectivity of, 34; privatization of water, 57–58, 70, 161n19; value of, 34; water-intensive products, 55
commodity fetishism, Marx on, 35
common-pool resource (CPR) users, 61, 62, 63
Commonwealth (Hardt & Negri), 48, 60
community: described, 128; sense of, 118
community-oriented urban planning, 121
conservation agriculture, 78–80, 87
consumers, carbon-offset markets, 27–28
contraction-and-convergence approach, 11
Coordinadora por la Defensa del Agua y de la Vida (Bolivia), 57
corn: biofuel production from, 83–84, 166n36; Mexican corn crisis of 2006–2007, 84–85; speculative corn trading, 85–86
cows. See livestock
CPRs. See common-pool resource users
cultural anomaly theory, 133
“culture” of poverty, 120
“Cyborg Manifesto” (Haraway), 98
The Death and Life of Great American Cities (Jacobs), 121
decarbonization, 2, 4, 11
degradable materials, 17–18
Designated Operational Entity (Kyoto Protocol), 26
deterritorialization, 50, 128
disavowal, use of term, 177n12
distribution of wealth, 92
Doosan (water company), 68
drought, food production and, 75–77
ecological disasters, Deepwater Horizon oil spill, 18–19, 130–144
economic neoliberalism, green free market, 16–17
egalitarian redistribution, in context of climate change, 9–10
Ehrlich, Anne and Paul, 41–42
emission reduction units (ERUs), 153n6
emissions trading, 11, 25
Emissions Trading Scheme (ETC) (Tokyo Protocol), 25, 26–27
Empire (Hardt & Negri), 48
entrepreneurial self-interest, 12
Environmental Action Agenda, 123
environmental change: animals and, 88–110; carbon dioxide, 3–4; carbon-offset market, 22–38, 154nn14, 17; climate capitalism, 8–21; free-market “solutions” to, 2; global economy and, 11–12; global water crisis, 52–72; green cities, 111–129, 173nn2, 9; hunger, 73–87; manifestations of, 6–7; neoliberal capitalism and, 5–6; oil spills, 18–19, 130–144; population growth, 39–51; social impact, 3; use of term, 6, See also climate change
environmental refugees, 3
environmentally friendly cities, 173n9
equivalence principle, 24, 37
ERUs. See emission reduction units
ETC. See Emissions Trading Scheme
Europe, 2003 heat wave and agriculture, 75
European Union, carbon-offset trading program, 26–27, 154n14
Exxon Valdez oil spill (1989), 178n18
FACE. See Forests Absorbing Carbon Dioxide Emissions
FAO. See Food and Agriculture Organization
female infanticide, in India, 41, 157n10
food: ethical food choices, 96; food scarcity, 83, 87; food security, 77, 81; global grain reserve, 82–83; high-meat diet, 54–55, 87, 92; hunger, 73–87; malnutrition, 77, 78; meat production, 55, 98–100, 109, 169n28; meatpacking, 98–100; personal eating habits, 91, 95; rising food prices, 82, 83; veganism, 91, 95, 96
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 77, 78
food system: climate change and, 73–87; defined, 77; food production and, 74–75
Framework Convention on Climate Change (U.N.), 24, 154n10
free-market capitalism, 86
freshwater, transformation into liquid asset, 70
Freudenburg, William, 134
Fundación Ecológica Universal (Universal Ecological Fund), 82
GE Water (water company), 68
gender equity, in water programs, 69, 70
genetic engineering: animal cloning, 105–106, 171nn49, 53; food production and, 79; recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH), 171n48; rice, 79–80
GHG. See greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
Global Commons Institute, 11
global economy, environmental change and, 11–12
global grain reserve, 82–83
global heating, unequal effects of, 13
global warming: about, 3, 6, 8, 146; catastrophic effects of, 8–9, 13; food production and, 75
global warming potential, 153n3
global water crisis, 52–72
Governing the Commons (Ostrom), 163n52
government, water governance, 59–65, 70
government family-planning initiatives, 40–41
grain: biofuel production from, 83; global grain reserve, 82–83
green building, defined, 114
Green is the New Black (Blanchard), 18
green technologies, 12, 14, 15
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions: about, 3, 4, 150n1; carbon footprint, 113; carbon-offsets, 22–38, 154nn14, 17; of cities, 122; emissions trading, 11; global warming potential, 153n3; Kyoto Protocol, 3, 24–25; livestock production and, 89; population growth and, 39; reduction of, 9–11; statistics, 113
Grundrisse (Marx), 97, 107
Hardt, Michael, 5, 48–49, 50, 60, 62, 63, 64, 90, 97, 102, 159n32
health-related policies, rights-based approach, 81, 165n28
hedge funds, food speculation, 86
HFC-23 (trifluoromethane), 29–30
high-net-worth individuals, 5
Hijacking Sustainability (Parr), 13, 163n46
historical responsibility, 10
History of Sexuality (Foucault), 90
HIV/AIDS programs, U.S. programs for Africa, 16, 141
Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB (2002), 100–101
HOPE VI. See Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere
horizontal approach, public water governance, 60, 65
household, as unit of consumption, 45
Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI), 120
immigrant workers, meat and poultry workers, 100–101
index funds speculation, food, 85–86
India: adivasi, 31, 33, 37, 38; carbon-offset project, 31, 33, 37; conservation agriculture, 78–79; droughts in, 52; female infanticide, 41, 157n10; outsourcing to, 15; rice varieties in, 80; sex population ratio, 41; working women in Dharavi, 49, 50
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC), 4, 8, 11, 40
Iowa Beef Processors, Inc., 100
iron fertilization for carbon sequestration, 30–31, 155n22
Is Speculation by Long-Only Index Funds Harmful to Commodity Markets? (Irwin), 167n44
Joint Implementation (JI), 25, 153n6
justice, 10, 19, 92, 158n26; climate justice, 50; environmental justice, 18, 20, 37, 71, 96, 129, 143; gender justice, 47; social justice, 18, 37, 71, 129, 163n43; socioeconomic justice, 9, 17
Kenya, water consumption of, 66
labor: capital and, 90, 97; division of labor, 159n33; feminization of, 48; Marx on, 126–127, 138, 159n33, 163n48; meatpacking workers, 98–102, 170nn32, 34, 35, 173n69; slaughterhouse workers, 98–100, 170nn32, 34, 35; wage inequality in Chicago, 175n38
labor laws, meat and poultry workers, 100–101
“large-offspring syndrome,” 106
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), 115
“LEED After Ten Years” (Zaretsky), 115
legal fees, paid for with carbon credits, 28
livestock, abuse of, 90–91
Lovins, L. Hunter, 12, 13
Macina Wells project, 69–70
Making a Killing (Torres), 95
Mali, Macina Wells project, 69–70
Marx, Karl: on capital, 64, 97, 107, 152n21; on capital accumulation, 67; on commodity fetishism, 35; on false consciousness, 156n34; on history, 178n20; on labor, 126–127, 138, 159n33, 163n48; on money, 34; on new opportunities, 14; on social relation, 34; on water, 67
Mercy for Animals undercover videos, 90
Mexico, corn crisis of 2006–2007, 84–85
Middle East, scarcity of water in, 56
migrant workers, meat and poultry workers, 100–101
mixed-use and mixed-income developments, 121, 125, 127
modernist architecture, 121
Monsanto, genetically modified corn crops in Mexico, 85
Morales, Juan Evo, 60, 70
NAFTA. See North American Free Trade Agreement
“natural” cleaning products, 19
Negri, Antonio, 5, 48–49, 50, 60, 62, 63, 64, 90, 97, 102, 149n3, 159n32
neoliberal capitalism, 2, 3; critique of, 92; environmental change and, 5–6
neoliberal economics, principles of, 12
neoliberalism, 5; carbon economy and, 24; defined, 125; described, 17, 87; history, 16; law of value, 64; roots of, 16
neoliberalism capitalism, principles of, 96
The New Paradigm in Architecture (Jencks), 121
New Urban Network (publication), 122
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 84
North Carolina Company Police Act of 1991, 100, 101
Ogoni insurgency (Nigeria), 140–141
oil: geopolitics of, 140; violence and, 176n5
oil consumption, of United States, 179n32
oil spills: Deepwater Horizon rig (2010), 18–19, 130–144; Exxon Valdez oil spill (1989), 178n18
overpopulation, 40; starvation and, 41–42
le partage de sensible, 177n17
“partial” privatization, 59
per capita footprint. See water footprint
personal eating habits, 91, 95
pigs, breeding-management programs, 104–105
“polluter pays” principle, 10, 17
the poor: climate change and, 13; “culture” of poverty, 120; demolishing Chicago public housing, 119–120, 121, 122; food deserts, 91, 107, 120, 125, 126; food-scarcity burden, 76, 83; larger families of, 158n21; reproduction and poor women, 42, 46, 47; social food safety net, 83
population: carbon-legacy of an individual, 42; climate change and, 42–43, 45, 51; environmental impact of, 42; gender justice, 47; statistics, 39–40, 54; water needs of, 54
“population bomb” thesis, 90
population-climate discourse, 43–44
population size, carbon rationing and, 9, 15, 17
poverty: demolishing public housing in Chicago, 119–120, 121, 122; impact of global heating and, 13, See also the poor
principle of historical responsibility, 10
professional services, paid for with carbon credits, 28
Pruitt-Igoe public-housing project (St. Louis), 121
public schools, Chicago, 120, 125
rainfall, agriculture and, 75
recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH), 171n48
recyclable materials, 17–18
redistribution, in context of climate change, 9–10
redistribution of wealth, 14
Renaissance 2010 (Chicago), 120, 126
reproduction: animal breeding-management programs, 104–105; cloning, 105–106, 171nn49, 53; Ehrlich formula for rate of reproduction, 42; poor women and, 42, 46, 47; women’s reproductive health and work opportunities, 46
reproductive choice, 41, 43
reproductive policies, 40
Reproductive Rights and Wrongs (Hartmann), 41
reproductive rights movement, 47
reproductive technology, 49–50
rice, genetically engineered, 79–80
Saline Water Conversion Act (1952), 68
sea-level rise, due to global warming, 8–9
seeds, genetic engineering, 79
self-management model (of water resources), 61–62
The Sexual Politics of Meat (Adams), 94
A Silent Theft: The Private Plunder of Our Common Wealth (Bollier), 60
social relation, Marx’ definition, 34
“Society Must Be Defended” (Foucault), 89–90
socioeconomic disparity thesis, 9
socioeconomic justice, 9, 17
South Pacific Ocean, iron fertilization for carbon sequestration, 30–31, 155n22
sows, breeding-management programs, 104–105
soybeans, global food price increase, 82
St. Louis (MO), demolition of public-housing projects, 121
state family-planning initiatives, 40–41
STRASA (Stress Tolerance Rice for Africa and South Asia project), 79, 80
Stuffed and Starved (Patel), 108
Supreme Court cases, Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB (2002), 100–101
Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study, 155n22
surplus-value, of opportunities, 14
sustainability movement, 19–20
Tanzania, water programs in, 70
Tauli-Corpuz, Victoria, 45
temperature, food production and, 75, 77
“The Tragedy of the Commons” (Hardin), 44
transversal water governance, 69–72
trifluoromethane. See HFC-23
trust, in endogenous institutions, 162n36
undocumented workers, meatpacking industry, 100–101
unions, meat and poultry workers, 100–102
United Kingdom, carbon rationing and, 9, 10
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 77, 78
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 24, 154n10
United States: biofuel production from grain, 83; carbon rationing and, 9, 10; corn exports to Mexico, 84; dairy industry, 105; desalination of water, 68; distribution of wealth, 92; Dust Bowl, 102; energy consumption in, 114; farm crisis, 102, 170n43; greenhouse gas emissions and, 14; HIV/AIDS programs for Africa, 16, 141; net water loss, 162n37; obesity in, 107; oil consumption of, 179n32; outsourcing and offshoring, 14, 15; water consumption of, 66; worries of population, 179n34
Universal Ecological Fund (Fundación Ecológica Universal), 82
urban planning, community-oriented, 121
U.S. Agency for International Development, 58
U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990, 136
U.S. Water (water company), 59
USGBC. See United States Green Building Council
UWA. See Uganda Wildlife Authority
The Value of Nothing (Patel), 108
Vatican City, carbon-offsets, 30, 154n17
The Vegetarian Myth (Keith), 96
Veolia Environment, 59, 68
vertical approach, public water governance, 60
violence: against indigenous populations, 31, 32, 33; in capital accumulation, 12; of capitalism, 38, 95; in carbon-offset commodity, 33, 37; domestic violence and slaughterhouse workers, 99, 100, 170n32; in economic opportunism, 143; in livestock production, 89, 91, 94, 110; of machinic life, 138, 139; in neoliberalist capitalism, 2, 11; “objective violence,” 139, 141, 142; of oil capitalism, 130, 131, 136, 137, 142; in oil production, 141–142, 176n5; of oil spills, 131, 134, 139, 140, 141, 142; over access to water, 65; of shock, 133, 177nn9, 14; in social institutions and structures, 2
Vivendi (water company), 59
Voluntary Carbon Markets (Bayon, Jenkins, & Hamilton, eds.), 154n18
wage inequality, in Chicago, 175n38
water: consumption and population growth, 55; consumptive uses of, 160n5; desalination, 67, 68, 163n47; drinking bottled water, 160n13; as finite resource, 53, 160n5; gender neutrality, 69; global water crisis, 52–72; human need for, 53–54, 55; hydrologic cycle, 56, 66; largest privatized companies, 59; Marx on, 67; net water loss, 162n37; public governance of, 59–65; as renewable resource, 53; signification, 66
water commons dilemma, 60, 61, 72
Water Desalination Act (1996), 68
water governance, 52–72; Bolivian water riots, 56–57, 69, 70; geopolitics of, 65; privatization, 56–59, 70, 161n19; public, 59–65, 70; transversal, 69–72
water-intensive products, 55
water-related diseases, 54
Water Resources Management (World Bank), 58
West Bengal, genetically modified rice, 79
wheat, global food price increase, 82
WHO. See World Health Organization
windmills, Dhule District of India, 31, 33, 37
women: carbon legacy of, 42; contraception, 41; feminization of labor, 48; objectification of, 94; overpopulation and, 40; poor women, 42, 46, 47; rate of reproduction of poor women, 42; reproductive choice, 41, 43, 168n17; reproductive health and work opportunities, 46, 49, 50; water collection by, 69–70; working women in Dharavi, 49, 50
work, women’s reproductive health and work opportunities, 46
World Health Organization (WHO), 77, 80