Second century BC: Ancestors of the Vandals move from Scandinavia into central Europe. Conflict between the Vandals, Lombards and Goths.
First century AD: The Vandals are living in Silesia.
Second century AD: The Asding Vandals move south into Bohemia.
166-180: The Marcomannic Wars. The Asdings expand into Dacia.
248: Asdings and Goths raid Roman Moesia.
270: The Goths defeated at the Battle of Naissus.
271: Asdings and Sarmatians defeated by the Emperor Aurelian.
274: Asding prisoners of war paraded in Aurelian’s triumph.
278: Probus defeats the Silings and Burgundians on the Lech River. Vandal survivors resettled in Britain.
Early-fourth century: The Asding King Visimar defeated by the Goths at the Maros River.
341: Ulfilas begins to convert the Goths to Arian Christianity.
C.350-375: The Huns defeat the Goths and Alans, pushing them westward.
378: Gothic refugees destroy the East Roman Army at the Battle of Adrianople.
382: Goths settled in the Balkans under treaty with Theodosius.
382: Magnus Maximus proclaimed Emperor in Britain. Moving to Gaul, he establishes his capital at Trier.
388: Magnus Maximus defeated by Theodosius. The Rhine defences weakened.
392: Death of Valentinian II. Arbogast proclaims Eugenius as Western Emperor.
394: Eugenius and Arbogast defeated by Theodosius, Stilicho and Alaric at the Battle of Frigidus River.
395: Death of Theodosius. The Roman Empire divided, with the West under Honorius and the East under Arcadius. Stilicho holds supreme power. Alaric leads a rebellion of Goths in the Balkans.
c.400: Huns move further west, settling on the Hungarian plain and triggering off another wave of Germanic migrations.
401: Alaric invades Italy for the first time. Asding Vandals raid Raetia and are defeated by Stilicho.
401: Stilicho defeats Alaric.
405: Radagasius invades Italy, his army possibly including some Vandals.
406, 23 August: Radagasius defeated by Stilicho near Florence.
406: Asdings and Silings move west towards the middle Rhine frontier. Asding King Godegisel killed in battle against the Franks and the Vandals are saved from disaster by Respendial’s Alans. Gunderic becomes King of the Asdings.
406: British Army revolts, proclaiming Constantine III as Emperor.
406, 31 December: Silings, Asdings, Suevi and Alans cross the Rhine.
407: Constantine III crosses into Gaul. Engagements between Constantine’s forces and the barbarian invaders keep the Vandals and their allies bottled up in northern Gaul.
407-8: Rheims, Amiens, Arras, Tournai and Spires fall to the Vandals and their allies. The Burgundians take Worms and the Alamanni seize Strasbourg. Some of the Alans, under Goar, break off, make peace with the Romans and are settled near Orléans as federates. Stilicho sends Sarus against Constantine but he is defeated. Gerontius defects from Constantine and takes power in Spain.
408: Stilicho executed. Alaric again invades Italy.
409, 28 September or 13 October: The Vandals, Alans and Suevi cross into Spain.
410, 20 August: Alaric’s Goths sack Rome.
411: Gerontius moves from Spain to Gaul to confront Constantine III at Arles. His army mutinies and he is killed.
411: Honorius’ general Constantius defeats Constantine III.
411: The barbarians divide up Spain by lot. The Asdings settle in eastern Gallaecia; the Suevi in western Gallaecia; the Silings in Baetica; and the Alans in Lusitania and Carthaginiensis.
411: Alaric dies and is succeed by Ataulf.
414: Ataulf’s Goths move into France and Spain. They capture Barcelona.
415: Ataulf murdered and succeeded by Wallia. The Goths move against the Vandals, Alans and Suevi in Spain on behalf of the Romans.
416: The Siling leader Fredibal is captured by the Goths.
418: The Silings are destroyed by the Goths and the Alans are defeated. The survivors merge with the Asdings to create the kingdom of the Vandals and Alans.
418: Wallia is murdered and Theodoric I becomes King of the Visigoths.
419: The Vandals defeat King Hermanric’s Suevi. They in turn are defeated by the Romans.
422: Roman amphibious attack on the Vandals in Baetica has initial success but ends in failure.
423: Honorius dies.
425: The six-year-old Valentinian III becomes Western Emperor with his mother, Galla Placidia, the power behind the throne.
425: Vandal seaborne raids against the Balearic Isles and Mauritania.
427: Power struggle between Boniface, Felix and Aeitus.
428: Death of Gunderic. Geiseric becomes King of the Vandals and Alans.
429: The Vandals cross over to Africa.
430, May: The Vandals defeat Boniface near Hippo Regius and lay siege to the city.
430, 28 August: St. Augustine dies during the Vandal siege of Hippo Regius.
430: Aetius assassinates Felix.
432: Aspar sent from Constantinople to reinforce Boniface’s defence against the Vandals. The Romans are defeated near Carthage. Boniface returns to Italy and defeats Aetius at the Battle of Rimini but is mortally wounded.
433: Rua, King of the Huns, dies and is succeeded by Attila and Bleda. Aetius is given supreme military power in the West.
435, February: The Vandal conquests are recognised by treaty, which grants them the status of Roman federates. Aspar is recalled to Constantinople. Aeitus focuses his attention on Gaul.
439, 19 October: Geiseric captures Carthage in a surprise attack.
440: The Vandals raid Sicily.
441: A large Roman fleet sets sail from Constantinople to recapture Africa but is recalled due to an invasion by Attila’s Huns.
442: Treaty with Rome recognizes Geiseric as an independent allied king with control over North Africa. Huneric goes to Ravenna as a hostage. His Gothic wife, daughter of King Theodoric, is mutilated and returned to her father, creating a feud between the Vandals and Goths. Huneric is betrothed to Valentinian III’s daughter Eudocia.
442: Revolt of the Vandal nobles suppressed by Geiseric.
445: A Vandal fleet raids Suevic lands on the Atlantic coast of Spain.
445: Bleda murdered. Attila becomes sole king of the Huns.
447: Attila’s Huns ravage the Balkans and threaten Constantinople.
451: Attila defeated by Aeitus at the Battle of the Catalaunian Fields near Troyes in France.
452: Attila invades Italy.
453: Death of Attila.
454: The Huns are defeated at the Battle of Nedao by a coalition of Germanic tribes. Aeitus is murdered by Valentinian III.
455: Valentinian murdered. Petronius Maximus becomes Western Emperor.
455, June: The Vandals sack Rome and capture Valentinian’s wife and two daughters. Huneric marries Eudocia, linking the Vandal royal family with the Imperial house of Theodosius.
455: Avitus proclaimed Western Emperor with the support of the Goths.
456: A Roman fleet defeats the Vandals off Corsica.
457: Avitus abdicates and is replaced by Majorian, with Ricimer the power behind the throne.
460: The Vandals destroy the Roman fleet gathered by Majorian at Cartagena to invade Africa.
461: Majorian executed by Ricimer, who proclaims Libius Severus as Western Emperor.
462: Valentinian’s widow, Eudoxia, and youngest daughter, Placidia, are sent to Constantinople to placate the Eastern Empire.
465: Libius Severus dies and is not replaced, as Ricimer and the Eastern Empire cannot come to an agreement over his replacement.
467: Anthemius appointed Western Emperor by Constantinople with Ricimer’s agreement. He brings fresh troops with him and prepares to deal with the Vandals.
468: The Battle of Mercurium. The Vandals destroy a huge Roman invasion fleet off the coast of Africa.
472, April: Anthemius deposed by Ricimer. Olybrius, Geiseric’s brother-in-law, becomes West Roman Emperor.
472, 18 August: Ricimer dies.
472, November: Olybrius dies.
475: Orestes, Attila’s former secretary, proclaims his son Romulus Augustulus as West Roman Emperor.
476: Odoacer leads a mutiny of the barbarian troops in the Roman Army of Italy. He overthrows Romulus and becomes King of Italy.
477, 25 January: Death of Geiseric.
477-484: Reign of Huneric. Catholics severely persecuted. Moors start to raid the frontiers of the Vandal Kingdom.
484-496: Reign of Gunthamund.
489: Ostrogoths under Theodoric invade Italy.
493: Theodoric overthrows Odoacer and becomes King of Italy.
496-523: Reign of Thrasamund. Cabon’s Moors defeat the Vandals in Tripolitania.
500: Thrasamund marries Amalafrida, sister of the Ostrogothic King of Italy. Her dowry includes 5,000 Gothic troops and Lilybaeum in western Sicily.
502: War between Persia and the East Roman Empire.
507: The Visigoths in Gaul defeated by the Franks at the Battle of Vouillé.
523-530: Reign of Hilderic.
525: Revolt of Amalafrida against Hilderic crushed at the Battle of Caspa.
526, 30 August: Death of Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths.
527: Justinian becomes East Roman Emperor.
c.529: The Vandals under Hoamer defeated by Antalas’ Moors in Byzacena.
530, 15 June: Gelimer deposes Hilderic.
532: Peace treaty signed between the Romans and Persians.
533: Uprisings of Prudentius in Tripolitania and Godas in Sardinia against Vandal rule. The Romans send troops to support the revolts and Gelimer sends his fleet to Sardinia.
533, summer: Belisarius lands in Africa.
533, 13 September: The Vandals defeated at Ad Decimum.
533, 15 September: The Romans capture Carthage.
533, 15 December: The Vandals defeated at the Battle of Tricamarum.
534: Gelimer captured and sent to Constantinople. Belisarius celebrates a triumph. The Moors raid Byzacena and Numidia.
535: Belisarius made Consul and sails to Sicily to reconquer Italy from the Ostrogoths.
535: Solomon left in charge of Africa. He defeats the Moors at the Battles of Mammes and Mount Bourgaon. He bottles up Iaudas in the Aurès Mountains.
536, spring: Roman troops in Carthage mutiny and appoint Stotzas as their leader. They are joined by the remaining Vandals. Belisarius sails from Sicily to support Solomon. He defeats Stotzas at the Battle of Membresa.
536, winter (or early 537): Germanus defeats Stotzas at the Battle of Scalae Veteres.
539: Solomon defeats Iaudas’ Moors at Mount Aurasium.
543: Solomon killed in a skirmish with the Moors. He is succeeded by Sergius, whose misrule rekindles the mutiny and Moorish raids.
545: Stotzas and the last remaining Vandals join the Moors in Byzacena. They defeat the Romans at Sicca Venera. Stotzas is killed in the battle.
545: Gontharius leads another Roman rebellion. Supported by the Vandals, he defeats the Moors at Hadrumentum.
546: Artabanes the Armenian kills Gontharius and Carthage is brought back under Imperial control. The last surviving Vandals are rounded up and sent to Constantinople.
565, November: Death of the Emperor Justinian.
640: The Arabs conquer Egypt.
647: The Arabs invade Roman North Africa.
698: The Arabs capture and destroy Carthage.