Solutions to Exercises

EXERCISE 2
Sample Grading Matrix for Ranking Sports Risks

Step 1: Enter an individual or group ranking under EXERCISE RANKING.

Step 2: Calculate the arithmetic difference between EXERCISE RANKING and ACTUAL RANKING.

Step 3: Add the differences and enter the total at the bottom.

The ranking with the lowest TOTAL DIFFERENCE is the most accurate.

EXERCISE 7

Part 1

JPG Establish separate periods (hours, days of the week, months of the year) when each of the three groups—pedestrians, bikers, and Rollerbladers—has exclusive use of the trail.

JPG Restrict certain sections of the trail to only one of the three groups of users.

JPG Rotate among the groups the times when they have exclusive use of certain sections.

JPG Prohibit pedestrians during weekday rush hours (allow only bikers and Rollerbladers).

JPG Arrest, fine, and jail tack throwers.

JPG Punish tack throwers by making them clean the trail daily for one month.

JPG Publicize the identities of tack throwers.

JPG Publicly recommend that users of the trail carry cameras to photograph violators of common courtesy.

JPG Publicize offenders’ photographs with names and addresses.

JPG Widen the trail, fencing off lanes for each group to use.

JPG Construct a new asphalt-covered trail parallel to the old one and designed exclusively for bikers and Rollerbladers.

JPG Post guards along the trail to enforce courtesy and safety, arbitrate disagreements, and apprehend offenders.

JPG Post large but attractive signs publicizing the “Rules of the Trail.”

JPG Establish a volunteers’ action group that, working with the National Park Service, would study the problem, recommend corrective measures, and monitor the situation.

JPG Place brooms and waste cans along the trail for people to use to remove tacks.

JPGInstall video cameras at the most contested stretches of the trail, monitor the cameras at National Park Service headquarters, and direct National Park Police to preserve order where needed.

JPG Use the video cameras to apprehend tack throwers.

JPG Establish speed limits for bikers and Rollerbladers.

JPG Install radar (monitored at National Park Service headquarters) along the trail to detect, identify, and apprehend speed violators.

JPG Prohibit Rollerbladers altogether.

JPG Appeal on TV and radio for common courtesy on the trail.

JPG Put articles into the local newspapers about incidents and appeal for common courtesy.

JPG Install special barriers and texturing of the asphalt at intervals on the trail to discourage Rollerblading.

JPG Drive motorized “tack sweepers” along the trail several times a day every day.

JPG Control access to the trail by fencing it and putting gates manned by National Park Police at all access points.

JPG Let pedestrians carry spiked wooden bats for striking offenders.

JPG Let pedestrians shoot offenders with paint guns.

JPG Have the president of the United States make a public appeal for courtesy and safety on the trail.

JPG Have the governor of Virginia make a public appeal for courtesy and safety on the trail.

JPG Post humorous signs along the trail to raise users’ consciousness of the problem and appeal for their cooperation.

JPG Permanently restrict use of the trail at any time to only one of the three contending groups.

Part 2

Rules and Regulations

JPG Establish separate periods (hours, days of the week, months of the year) when each of the three groups—pedestrians, bikers, and Rollerbladers—has exclusive use of the trail.

JPG Restrict certain sections of the trail to only one of the three groups of users.

JPGRotate among the groups the times when they have exclusive use of certain sections.

JPG Prohibit pedestrians during weekday rush hours (allow only bikers and Rollerbladers).

JPG Establish a volunteers’ action group that, working with the National Park Service, would study the problem, recommend corrective measures, and monitor the situation.

JPG Prohibit Rollerbladers altogether.

JPG Establish speed limits for bikers and Rollerbladers.

JPG Permanently restrict use of the trail at any time to only one of the three contending groups.

Punish Offenders

JPG Arrest, fine, and jail tack throwers.

JPG Punish tack throwers by making them clean the trail daily for one month.

JPG Publicize the identities of tack throwers.

JPG Publicly recommend that users of the trail carry cameras to photograph violators of common courtesy.

JPG Publicize offenders’ photographs with names and addresses.

Physical Construction

JPG Widen the trail, fencing off lanes for each group to use.

JPG Construct a new asphalt-covered trail parallel to the old one and designed exclusively for bikers and Rollerbladers.

JPG Install video cameras at the most contested stretches of the trail.

JPG Install radar (monitored at National Park Service headquarters) along the trail to detect, identify, and apprehend speed violators.

JPG Install special barriers and texturing of the asphalt at intervals on the trail to discourage Rollerblading.

JPG Control access to the trail by fencing it and putting gates manned by National Park Police at all access points.

Enforcement

JPG Post guards along the trail to enforce courtesy and safety, arbitrate disagreements, and apprehend offenders.

JPGInstall video cameras at the most contested stretches of the trail, monitor the cameras at the National Park Service headquarters, and direct National Park Police to preserve order where needed.

JPG Use the video cameras to apprehend tack throwers.

JPG Install radar (monitored at National Park Service headquarters) along the trail to detect, identify, and apprehend speed violators.

Clean Up Tacks

JPG Place brooms and waste cans along the trail for people to use to remove tacks.

JPG Drive motorized “tack sweepers” along the trail several times a day every day.

Promote Courtesy and Safety

JPG Post large but attractive signs publicizing the “Rules of the Trail.”

JPG Appeal on TV and radio for common courtesy on the trail.

JPG Put articles into the local newspapers about incidents and appeal for common courtesy.

JPG Post humorous signs along the trail to raise users’ consciousness of the problem and appeal for their cooperation.

[Delete as Impractical]

JPG [Let pedestrians carry spiked wooden bats for striking offenders.]

JPG [Let pedestrians shoot offenders with paint guns.]

JPG [Have the president of the United States make a public appeal for courtesy and safety on the trail.]

JPG [Have the governor of Virginia make a public appeal for courtesy and safety on the trail.]

Part 3: Program of Corrective Measures

Short-Term Measures

JPG Establish a four-member citizens’ advisory group, made up of a representative from each of the three competing groups and the National Park Service, that, working with the NPS, would study the problems, recommend remedial measures, and monitor the situation.

JPG Run articles in local newspapers about incidents and appeal for common courtesy.

JPG Establish certain hours and days of the week when each of the three groups—pedestrians, bikers, and Rollerbladers—has exclusive use of the trail (e.g., Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 9:00 A.M.-12:00 P.M., bikers only; Tuesday and Thursday, 9:00 A.M.-12-.00 P.M., Rollerbladers only).

JPG Prohibit pedestrian use during weekday rush hours (6:30-9:00 A.M. and 4:00-6:30 P.M.).

JPG Publicly recommend that users of the trail carry cameras to photograph violators of the periods of exclusive use.

JPG Punish offenders with fines and newspaper announcements including their names, addresses, and photographs.

Alternative Long-Term Measure

JPG Widen the trail, fencing off lanes for each group’s exclusive use.

EXERCISE 10

EXERCISE 11

EXERCISE 11

EXERCISE 12

EXERCISE 12

EXERCISE 14

EXERCISE 15

EXERCISE 16

EXERCISE 17

EXERCISE 18

EXERCISE 18

EXERCISE 19

EXERCISE 20

EXERCISE 21

EXERCISE 25

EXERCISE 26

EXERCISE 36

EXERCISE 37

EXERCISE 38

EXERCISE 39

EXERCISE 40

EXERCISE 41

EXERCISE 43

EXERCISE 44

EXERCISE 46

EXERCISE 46

EXERCISE 46

EXERCISE 47

EXERCISE 47

EXERCISE 49

EXERCISE 50

EXERCISE 50