Index

 

Abbey, Edward

attitude toward death

author’s agreement with

and Gaian Naturalism

and Naturalistic Animism

and nature as sacred

and radical environmentalism

Abrahamic traditions (religions): criticisms of

and parareligion

responses (to criticism within traditions). See also stewardship

Abram, David

Academy Awards

Adams, Ansel

adaptive management

Adler, Margot

Africa. See South Africa; Tree of Life; World Summit on Sustainable Development; Zimbabwean art

African Earthkeeping Christian Communities, Network of

Agenda

agrarian: ideal

literature

life

air/atmosphere as holy: and Abram

and Suzuki

and Watson

Albanese, Catherine: on common religious beliefs

on nature religion

on Thoreau

alienation (from nature)

Alliance for Wild Ethics. See also Abram, David

aloha spirit

Amazon: and Disney

Desana

deforestation

American Indian Movement

Amnesty International

anarcho-primitivism

anarchy: and Abbey

green anarchy

and Jensen

and radical environmentalism

and Snyder

and Thoreau

ancestors: Chumash

in Earth Summit ritual

in Hawaiian culture

pagan-heathen

and Thoreau

in Zimbabwean art. See also common ancestor: as basis for kinship ethic

Animal Kingdom (Disney Theme Park, Florida)

Animal Planet

animals: birds

chimpanzees

crocodiles

deer

dolphins

elephants

gorillas

leopards

monkeys

mountain lions

turtles

whales

wolves. See also cognitive ethology

Animism: and Abbey

associations with indigenous people

and Attenborough

definition of

and Jensen

and Lanting

and nature religion

and Quinn

scholarly understanding and contention over term

and Snyder. See also Naturalistic Animism; Spiritual Animism

Annan, Kofi

“Answer, The” (Robinson Jeffers poem)

Antarctic province in Chile

anthropocentricism, criticism of

anthropology

ecological

moral

museum of

anthroposophy

apocalypticism

and Jensen

and Lovelock

science-based

and United Nations

Arab Network for Environment and Development

Arango, Ximena

Arcadia/Arcadian. See also back-to-the-land movements

Ark of Hope

Armstrong, Jeannette

Asian religions. See also Buddhism; Hinduism; Shinto

atheism

Atlantic Monthly

Attenborough, Sir David

Australia: and film

influential figures

surfing

Australopithecus

Avalon. See Mists of Avalon; Rogers, William C.

back-to-the-land movements. See also homesteading

Bacon, Francis

Bambi

Barlow, Connie

Barnes, James

BBC television

Beat poets

Bekoff, Marc

belonging (and/or connection) to nature: and Abbey

and Adams

and Arango

and Burroughs

and Disney

and Enlightenment

and environmentalists

and Gorbachev

and Haeckel

and Jeffers

and Leopold

and Lovelock

and Muir

and Quinn

and surfing

theme in dark green religion

and Thoreau. See also ethical responsibility: kinship; interdependence, ecological; panentheism; pantheism

Benthall, Jonathan

Berkes, Fikret

Berry, Thomas: background

Gaia Foundation

influence on Earth Charter

influence on Suzuki

influence on Tucker and Grim

Muir sounding like

scientific narrative

and universe story

“Bestiary” (poem by Joanna Macy)

Biehl, Janet

big bang theory

biocentrism

ethics

and Leopold

and radical environmentalism

religion

spirituality

and Thoreau

United Nations

biodiversity

conservation of

surfing

and Wilson

biodynamic farming

bioeconomics

biophilia

bioregionalism

biosphere

animation of

and evolution

and Gaia theory

indigenous people

role in dark green religion

sacred perceptions of and connection to

and surfing. See also biosphere reserves; UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere Program

biosphere reserves

Black, Linley

Blake, Tom

Bradford, William

Brahman

Bramwell, Anna

bricolage: and dark green religion

definition

and Goodall

and radical environmentalism

and surfing

Brower, David

Brown, Bruce

Brundtland report

Bryant, William Cullen

Buddhism

bodhisattva

mandala

Soka Gakkai

Zen

Buell, Lawrence

Burke, Edmund

Burroughs, John

California: anti-logging campaigns

indigenous people

and Muir

Pitzer College

Sierra Nevada Mountains

and surfing

Callenbach, Ernest

Callicott, J. Baird

Campbell, Colin

Cape Horn, Biosphere Reserve. See also biosphere reserves

Capra, Fritjof

Captain Planet (1990–1996)

carrying capacity

Carson, Rachel: as environmental saint

influence on Man Belongs to the Earth

influence on Suzuki

and Rozzi

sea spirituality

Caruso, Mandy

Casas, Bartolomé de las

Cathedral Peak

Catlin, George

Celestine Prophecy (James Redfield, 1993)

Chadwick, Douglas

Chile

chimpanzees

Christianity

and African religions

Catholicism

conservative

criticisms of

Protestants

Puritans

stewardship. See also Berry, Thomas; White, Lynn

Churchill, Ward

Church of All Worlds

“Circle of Life” (Lion King)

civil/civic religion

cognitive ethology

Cole, Thomas

collapse (of ecological and social systems). See carrying capacity

Colorado River

common ancestor: as basis for kinship ethics

defined

and Foreman

and Mbeki

compassion: and fertility

toward non-human nature

in rituals

and the WSSD

Compton, Chad

Conference of Catholic Bishops

connecting to nature. See belonging (and/or connection) to nature

conservation: and Brower

ethic

forest

foundations and organizations

and Leopold

and Muir

photography

and television programs

and Thoreau

zoos and museums. See also Adams, Ansel; Cousteau Society; Leopold, Aldo; Sea Shepherd Conservation Society; Sierra Club

conservation biology

affinity with dark green religion

and Ehrenfeld

and Foreman

and Noss

origins of

and Soulé

Cook, James

Cooper, James Fenimore

Cooper, Susan

Copernican Revolution

corporations. See also North Face; Sanyo; Walt Disney

Corrington, Robert. See also ecstatic naturalism

cosmogony: declensionist

definition of

evolutionary

and surfing

Western religions. See also myths: origin

cosmos: and Berry

as conscious

and science

spiritual connection to

Council of all Beings. See also Macy, Joanna; Seed, John

counterculture

Cousteau, Jacques-Yves

Cousteau Society

Cove-Mallard wilderness

Cradle of Humanity (Sterkfontein)

creation: and Berry

and human beings

and Lovelock

and Muir

and Suzuki

and Walker

worship of (in contrast to Creator)

Cronon, William

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly

Cullinan, Cormac

dark green religion: and apocalypticism

and bioregionalism

characteristics of

and corporations

criticisms of

dangers of

definition of

early exemplars

eighteenth and nineteenth century exemplars

and educators

and films/documentaries

future of

and nature writing

and new age writing

new expressions of

in North America

and photography

promise of

and radical environmentalism

and rituals

as a sensible religion

and surfing

types of

verifiable claims of

and United Nations. See also Gaian Naturalism, Gaian Spirituality, Naturalistic Animism, Spiritual Animism

Darwin, Charles: and Arcadian vision

Beagle Channel

Darwin-like empathy for non-human organisms

grandeur in the evolutionary view of life/revolutionary thinking

and Hawken

influence of On The Origin of Species

kinship, shared ancestor

and religious thinkers

and Suzuki

turtle

and Worster

Darwin, Erasmus

Davis, Mark

Dawkins, Richard

and Darwin

and Sagan

death: perceptions of and attitudes toward

role in natural cycles

deep ecology. See also Naess, Arne

Deep Ecology Elephant Programme(DEEP)

deforestation

Deism

Deloria, Vine

Derr, Thomas

Desert Solitaire (Edward Abbey, 1968)

Deudney, Daniel

Devall, Bill

Dharma Bums (Jack Kerouac, 1958)

Diamond, Jared

Disney. See Walt Disney

documentaries (and dark green religion): and Girardet

Grizzly Man

nature documentaries (Cousteau and Attenborough)

and surfing

Suzuki

van der Post

dolphins

domestication, of plants and animals: by anthropologists

criticism of

in Ishmael

and Rogers

and Thoreau

dualisms: man/nature

mind/body

Earth Charter: Ark of Hope

and Berry

Catholic Church opposition

criticisms/fears of

drafting process

genesis of and strategy for

and Gorbachev

kinship ethics

and Leopold

as revelation

and Rockefeller

and Soka Gakkai

and Strong

and “Walk through Time”

World Pantheist Movement, endorsement

Earth Constitutional Convention

earth and nature-based spirituality

and Carson

definition of

and Deism

and Disney

and Emerson

Gaian influence

globalization of

and Goodall

and Haeckel

historical understandings of

and Leopold

People’s Earth Summit

and Rogers

shadow side of

Snyder

and surfing

and Thoreau. See also Gaian Earth Religion; Spiritual Animism

Earth Day

Earth First!: and Abram

and California redwoods

and Earth Liberation Front

and Foreman

influences on

publications of

and Taylor

Earth in the Balance (Al Gore, 1992)

Earth Liberation Front (ELF)

Earth’s Insights (J. Baird Callicott, 1994)

Earth Summit. See United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

earth television shows

Animal Planet

Captain Planet

Mutual of Omaha’s Wild Kingdom

Planet Earth

Planet Green

Whale Wars

eating and being eaten (theme)

in Abbey

in Muir

in Snyder

in Thoreau. See also predator/prey relations

ecocentrism

as moral philosophy

ecocriticism

Ecodefense

ecofascism (eco-totalitarianism)

ecofeminism. See also Carson, Rachel; Plumwood, Val; Shiva, Vandana

ecological self (expansive self). See also Naess, Arne; deep ecology

Ecologist, The

ecology, laws of. See also Haeckel, Ernst

ecopsychology

ecotage. See also monkeywrenching

ecotopia

Ecotopia (Ernest Callenbach, 1975)

ecotourism

ecstatic naturalism

Eden

education. See also UNESCO

Edwards, Jonathan

Edwards, Marilyn

Ehrenfeld, David

Ehrlich, Paul

Einstein, Albert

Eiseley, Loren

elephants

Eliade, Mircea

Elmwood Institute

Emerald Forest (1985)

Emerson, Ralph Waldo: influence of

and Burroughs

and Muir

and Thoreau

empathy, for non-human organisms

and Attenborough

and Council of All Beings

and Darwin

and Disney

and environmental activism

and Foreman

and Goodall

and Leopold

and Mbeki

and Muir

and Rogers

and Rousseau

and surfers

and tree of life

Enlightenment

environmental/environmentalist milieu

and Abram

and Attenborough

and counterculture

criticisms from within

definition

and Goodall

and Gore

influences of dark green religion

and Leopold

and New Age

and popular culture

and Rogers

and sustainability

and Suzuki

environmental ethics

and Callicott

and Muir

nonanthropocenticism

and Rozzi. See also ethics: biocentric

Epic of Evolution. See also Universe Story

epistemologies

ethical responsibility:

kinship

naturalistic fallacy

religion

surfing

and Thoreau. See also environmental ethics

ethics: biocentric

Disney

ethnobiology. See also traditional ecological knowledge

eugenics

Europe

Evernden, Neil

evolution: biotic

and environmental ethics

and fear

human

moral/spiritual

social

and surfing

and United Nations. See also Darwin, Charles; Epic of Evolution

eye-to-eye epiphanies: and Abbey

and Abram

background/general

and Caruso

and Goodall

and Lanting

and Leopold

and Walker

fairies

Falzon, Albert

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Fern Gully: The Last Rainforest (1992)

fertility rates

Finney, Ben

Fly, Reverend

Flynn, Pierce

food chain. See also eating and being eaten; predator/prey relations

Foreman, Dave: and conservation biology

and radical environmentalism

on religion

Forest Service

Forum on Religion and Ecology. See also Grim, John; Tucker, Mary Evelyn

Foundation for Global Community

Fox, Stephen

Francis of Assisi (Saint)

Frazer, James

Fredericks, Bertram

Freeth, George

Friends of the Earth

G., Dhinawan

Gabriel, Mike

Gaia: and Abram

and Captain Planet

criticisms of

definition

and education

foundation

and Krutch

negative responses to human impacts

pilgrimage

reverence for

and Suzuki

theory

Gaian Earth Religion: and corporations

criticism of

defined

and Deudney. See also Gaian Naturalism; Gaian Spirituality

Gaian Naturalism: and Abbey

defined

and Leopold

and Lovelock

and Sagan

and surfing

and Thoreau

and World Pantheist Movement

and Zaleha. See also dark green religion; Gaian Earth Religion; spirituality

Gaian Spirituality: and Abram

and Berry

and Browery

and counterculture

defined

and Earth Charter

and Goodall

and Gorbachev

and Redfield

and Snyder

surfing

and Teilhard de Chardin. See also dark green religion; Gaian Earth Religion; spirituality

Gallagher, Chris

Gatta, John

Germany

ghosts

Gibson, James

Girardet, Herbert

Glacken, Clarence

Gladwell, Malcolm

Glen Canyon Dam

Globus, Robin

God

and Dawkins

and Muir

and nature

and surfing. See also Deism; theology/theism

goddess(es)

Goldberg, Eric

Goldman Environmental Prize

Goldsmith, Edward

Goodall, Jane: childhood encounters with nature

eye-to-eye epiphany

as inspiration/influence

and spiritual evolution

theism of

and WSSD

Goodenough, Ursula

Gorbachev, Mikhail

Gore, Al

Gould, Rebecca

Gould, Stephen Jay

Great Mystery, the

Greek mythology

Greenbelt Movement. See also Maathi, Wangari

Greenpeace

green religion. See also religious environmentalism

Green Wave Awards

Greybeard, David

Griffin, Rick

Griffin, Susan

Grim, John

Groundswell Society

Grumbine, Edward

Haeckel, Ernst

Halting the Fires (1989)

Happy Feet (2006)

Hardy, Thomas

Harvey, Graham

Havasu Indian Reservation

Havel, Vaclav

Hawai’i

Hawken, Paul

Hegel, Georg Wilheim Friedrich

Hening, Glenn

Hewlett-Packard Corporation

Hill, Julia “Butterfly”

Hinduism

homesteading. See also back-to-the-land movements

Hudson River School

humanism, criticism of. See also anthropocentricism, criticism of

Humboldt, Alexander von

humility, virtue of: and Carson

and Einstein

and St. Francis

and Krutch

and Leopold

and metaphysical speculation

resulting from felt kinship

and surfing

and Suzuki

and Thoreau

and “Walk through Time”

Humphrey, Stephen

“Hundredth Monkey, The” (fable)

Hurwitz, Charles

Huxley, Aldous

Iger, Robert

indigenous people: and Disney

as inspiration

perceptions of ecological superiority

and Redfield

religions

and Rozzi

subjugation/displacement of

and United Nations/protection of. See also Native Americans; traditional ecological knowledge

Indonesia

Industrial Revolution

Innes, Graham

Institute for Noetic Sciences

interdependence, ecological: and Attenborough

and Darwin

and Deudney

in Earth Charter

and Mbeki

and Muir

and Sagan

and Suzuki

and Thoreau

as theme in dark green religion. See also ethics: biocentric; ethical responsibility: kinship; metaphysics of interconnection

International Forum on Globalization (IFG)

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

Irwin, Steve

Irwin, Terri

Ishmael (Daniel Quinn)

Japan

Jeffers, Robinson: and Adams, Ansel

“The Answer” poem

attitude toward death

and Tompkins

Jefferson, Thomas

Jensen, Derrick

Johannesburg Declaration (of the World Summit on Sustainable Development)

John Paul II (pope)

Julie, or the New Heloise (Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1761)

Jungle Book, The (1967)

justice: environmental

social

Kahanamoku, Duke

Kampion, Drew

Kant, Immanuel

Katahdin, Mount

Kealiikanakaole, Kekuhi

Kenya Green Belt Movement. See Green Belt Movement

Kerouac, Jack

Khoi-San Indigenous Peoples Cultural Village

kinship feelings. See also ethical responsibility: kinship

Knudtson, Peter

Krutch, Joseph Wood: and Abbey

and nature writing

spirituality of

and Thoreau

Kuhn, Thomas

LaBedz, Gordon

LaChapelle, Dolores

Lagerlöf, Selma

land ethic. See also Leopold, Aldo

Language Older than Words (Derrick Jensen, 2000)

Lansing, Steven

Lanting, Frans

Leatherstocking Tales (James Fenimore Cooper, 1826–1841)

Leaves of Grass (Walt Whitman, 1855)

Leopold, Aldo

and Callicott

deep ecology

and Foreman

and Hawken

humility

land ethic

and surfing

and Suzuki

and Watson

and Worster

Lewis, Mary

lifeforce

Life of Birds (1998)

life systems

Linder, Sally

Lion King (1994)

Little Mermaid, The (1989)

Little Tree, Alisha

lived religion

London, Jack

Lopez, Barry

Lopez, Gerry

Lord of the Rings (J. R. R. Tolkien, 1937–1949)

Lovelock, James

affinity with Paganism

and Captain Planet

and Deudney

Gaia theory

and Gore

kinship ethics

and Suzuki

Lubbock, John

Luna

Lyons, Dana

Maathai, Wangari. See also Greenbelt Movement

Macy, Joanna

magic

Man Belongs to the Earth (UNESCO 1988)

Marx, Karl/Marxism

Mashatu Game Reserve (Botswana)

materialism

Mather, Cotton

Maxxam Corporation

Mbeki, Thabo

Mburu, Gathuru

McClure, Michael

McGlade, Jacqueline

McGloin, Colleen

Means, Russell

media

Meeker, Joseph

Meine, Curt

Melekian, Brad

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice

Mesoamerica

metaphysics: and Abbey

holistic

metaphysics of interconnection

and Foreman

and The Lion King

and Muir

science-infused

and Snyder

and surfing

and Thoreau

supernatural. See also interdependence, ecological

miracles

missionaries

Mists of Avalon, The (Marion Bradley, 1983)

Mitchell, Kerry

Mollison, Bill

monkeys

Monkey Wrench Gang, The (Edward Abbey, 1975)

monkeywrenching

monotheism: criticisms of

and early scholarly perspectives

and paganism. See also Abrahamic traditions

Moriarity, Jay

Morton, Alexandra

Mother Earth

Mother Ocean

motion pictures. See also Walt Disney

Mountains and Rivers (William C. Rogers, 1995)

Mountains of California (John Muir, 1894)

Muir, John: attitude toward death

biography

Christian perspective on

and Foreman

influences by others

indigenous people

law of interdependence

on Leopold

and national parks

and Rogers

and Sierra Club

spirituality

and surfing

and Thoreau

and Universe Story

mysticism

and Abbey

and Brower

and Council of All Beings

and Dawkins

and Goodall

and Earth Charter

and Emerson

and Fly, Reverend

and Krutch

and Leopold

and Muir

and Rogers

and Rousseau

and Snyder

and surfing

and Thoreau

myths: function of

Greek

origin

pagan

and surfing

Nabhan, Gary Paul

Naess, Arne

Naropa University

Nash, James

Nash, Roderick

as environmental historian

and Spinoza

and Thoreau

Nasrec Exposition Grounds

National Geographic Society/magazine

nationalism

National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico City)

national parks

National Park Service (NPS)

Native Americans: alliance with environmentalists

and corporations

and Disney

perceptions of the natural world

sacred sites

and Snyder. See also indigenous people

Naturalistic Animism: and Abbey

and Attenborough

and Bekoff

and Brower

defined

and Lanting

and Leopold

and nature writers

and Sheldrake

and surfing

and Suzuki

and Thoreau. See also animism; dark green religion; spirituality

nature: alienation from

ambivalence toward (Thoreau’s)

attitudes toward (European and North Americans)

and conservation/preservation of

and corruption/desecration of

documentaries

and ecstatic experiences

fears of

and harmony with

intrinsic value of

laws of

power of

and rights of

as sacred

and significant childhood experiences

social construction of

as source of moral authority

and rituals

and spiritual epistemologies

as sublime

trust in

and women

wisdom of

writers. See also back-to-the-land movements; conservation biology; deep ecology; interdependence, ecological; Mother Earth; wilderness

Nature (Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1836)

nature religion: Albanese’s definition

as antidote to western religion

aquatic nature religion

and Burroughs

and Carson

and corporations

criticism/fears of

definition of

and Deism

early scholarship on

and Emerson

and Haeckel

influence of (on dark green religion)

influence of Romanticism

and Muir

mysticism

and paganism

and People’s Earth Summit

and place-based spiritualities

role in conservation

and Rousseau

rekindling of

and scientists

scholarship on

as social epidemic

and Thoreau. See also animism; dark green religion; earth and nature-based spirituality; ethics: biocentric; ethical responsibility: kinship; interrelatedness, ecological; Paganism; trust, in nature and/or the universe; terrapolitan earth religion

Nature Religion in America (Catherine Albanese, 1990)

Navarro, Ricardo

Nearing, Helen and Scott

Nelson, Richard

Network of African Earthkeeping Christian Communities

New Age religion/spirituality

and Albanese

beliefs

and channeling

and Deep Ecology Elephant Programme

and environmental groups/actions

and Global Renaissance Alliance

in literature

and Paganism/neo-paganism

and rituals. See also Paganism; Starhawk

Nicolet National Forest

Nobel Peace Prize

Noll, Richard

nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

Norberg-Hodge, Helena

North American Bioregional Congress (NABC)

North Face

Noss, Reed

Notes on the State of Virginia (Thomas Jefferson, 1785)

Occidental culture/religions

ocean: and Carson

and Cousteau

and healing

and Point Break

and religious associations/kinship with

as the source of life

and the sublime

and surfing spirituality

and Suzuki

and Watson. See also Irwin, Terri; Mother Ocean

Odum, H. T.

Oelschlaeger, Max

Ogden, Jackie

Ohero, Robert

Omora Ethnobotanical Park. See also biosphere reserves

Omora Foundation

On the Origin of Species (Charles Darwin, 1859): and Attenborough

and Burroughs

and Dawkins

grandeur with the evolutionary view of life

and Haeckel

impact on religion

and Krutch

and Leopold

and Sagan

and Suzuki

and Thoreau

and Wallace

and Worster. See also common ancestor; Darwin, Charles; kinship feelings; ethical responsibility: kinship

Ophuls, William

oracles

organicism/organic worldview: and Abbey

and Abram

definition

and Earth Charter

and environmental historians

and Gaian Earth Religion

and Jeffers

and Lovelock

and Muir

and Odum

and Ouspensky

and Spinoza

and Suzuki

and Thoreau

and Worster. See also Pantheism

Orion (magazine)

Our Common Future (1987)

Ouspensky, Peter

Outside (magazine)

Pacific Lumber Company

Paganism: affinities with surfing

associations with environmentalism

and astrology

characteristics of

critics of

definition and understanding of

and Gaian Spirituality

and goddess spirituality

Jewish perspective

and Lovelock

and Snyder

and Thoreau. See also Neo-paganism; Starhawk

Panentheism/panentheist

defined

Pansophism

Pantheism/pantheistic: and Abbey

and Blake

and Bramwell

and Burroughs

criticisms of

and Teilhard de Chardin

and de Tocqueville, Alexis

definition and understanding of

and Earth Charter

and Emerson

and foraging societies

and Goodall

and Haeckel

and Krutch

and Leopold

and Lovelock

and Muir

and nature writing

nonsupernaturalistic

and Spinoza

Society for Scientific Pantheism

and Thoreau

and Whitehead

and Whitman

World Pantheist Movement

and WSSD

paradise: earthly

and surfing

parareligion

defined

Parliament of World Religions

Parmenter, Dave

Patagonia Company

Payne, Kate

Peacock, Doug

Penn, Lee

Peoples’ Earth Summit (PES). See also World Summit on Sustainable Development

permaculture

Phillips, Adam

Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (Edmond Burke, 1757)

pilgrimages: Gaian

ritual

and surfing

Thoreauvian

and WSSD

Planet Earth (2006)

Planet Green (2008)

Plumwood, Val

Pocahontas (1995)

political/social philosophy

politics: and Disney

environmental

and Gore

and Waldorf

polytheism

Pope, Carl

population growth/science

positivistic reductionism

postmodernism

Powhatan Nation

Pratte, Tom

predator/prey relations. See also death: perceptions of and attitudes toward; eating and being eaten

Primavesi, Anne

Proctor, James

progress

psychedelic plants/drugs

Puritans

Quakers. See also Religious Society of Friends

Quantum mechanics

quasi religion: confusion about

defined

and Earth Charter

and Ehrlich

and Worster. See also parareligion

quasi science

Quinn, Daniel

radical environmentalism

and land protection

ritual dimensions of

and violence

Rainforest Information Centre

Reclaiming (witchcraft collective)

Redfield, James

Reeves, Keanu

Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo

reincarnation

reinhabitation. See also bioregionalism

religion: belief vs. practice

civil/civic religion

definitions of. See also Abrahamic traditions; animism; Asian religions; dark green religion; Gaian Earth Religion; nature religion; Paganism; parareligion; quasi religion; Religious Society of Friends; ritual; spirituality; terrapolitan earth religion

religious environmentalism: and Callicott

definition of

and Gardner

and Gottlieb

and Palmer

relationship to dark green religion

and Tucker

and World Summit on Sustainable Development

Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)

republican impulse

reverence (for life)

Reveries of a Solitary Walker (Jean-Jacques Rousseau)

Rexroth, Kenneth

Richardson, Robert

Rio Earth Summit. See United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

ritual: and agriculture

and animism

and biosphere reserves

and Council of All Beings

and counterculture

and Disney

and ecopsychology

and ecotourism

and Frazer

innovators

and Native Americans

and Paganism

and radical environmentalism

and reinhabitation

role in dark green religion

and surfing

and Suzuki

and Turner

and United Nations events

and “Walk through Time”. See also sacrament

Robinson, David

Rockefeller, Steven C.

Rogers, William C. (Avalon)

romanticism

Roots and Shoots. See also Goodall, Jane

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques

Rozzi, Ricardo

sacrament (of eating and being eaten): See also predator/prey relations

Sacred Balance, The (David Suzuki, 1997): and Berry

and Darwin

as documentary

and ecological interdependence

and ecopsychologists

and Shiva

and Watson

Sagan, Carl

Saler, Benson

Sand Country Almanac (Aldo Leopold, 1949)

Sanyo

Satan

Schleiermacher, Friedrich

Schumacher, E. F.

Schwartz, Stephen

science: adaptive management

and apocalypticism

cognitive

and cosmologies

criticisms of (reductionist)

and ecological crisis

ecology

environmental

as religion

role of in dark green religion

new, nature-based

social

Wilson. See also biophilia; conservation biology; Darwin, Charles; evolution; Institute for Noetic Science; Leopold, Aldo; quasiscience

Scientific Revolution

Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. See also Watson, Paul

Seattle, Chief

Seed, John. See also Council of All Beings

Selier, Jeanette

Sessions, George

Shales, Tom

shamanism

Shambhala warriors

Shepard, Paul

Shih-t’ao

Shinto

Shiva, Vandana

Sierra Club

Silent Spring (Rachel Carson, 1962)

Simos, Miriam. See Starhawk

Sinai

Sinkyone Wilderness

Snyder, Gary: criticism of monotheism

on deep ecology

on eating and being eaten

influence on others

and reinhabitation

spirituality of

writings

Social Creation of Nature, The (Neil Evernden, 1992)

social Darwinism

Social Gospel

social science. See also James Proctor

Society for Conservation Biology

Society for Scientific Pantheism. See also World Pantheist Movement

soil, as sacred and/or as ethical concern

and Suzuki

and Watson

Soka Gakkai

Soulé, Michael: and Buddhism

and conservation biology

and postmodernism

Wildlands Project

South Africa

Spell of the Sensuous (David Abram, 1996)

Spielberg, Steven

Spinoza, Baruch

Spiral Dance, The (1979)

Spiritual Animism: and Abram

and Council of All Beings

defined

and Muir

and Snyder

and Suzuki

and Thoreau. See also animism, dark green religion, spirituality

Spiritual Counterfeits Project

spirituality: association with environmentalism

bioregional

definition of

and environmentalism

feminist

native American

and primates

and sustainability

and surfing

types of dark green spirituality. See also ethical responsibility: kinship; Gaian Naturalism; Gaian Spirituality; interdependence, ecological; Mother Earth; Naturalistic Animism; New Age religion/spirituality; Paganism; Spiritual Animism; radical environmentalism; terrapolitan earth religion; trust, in nature and/or the universe

Spowers, Rory

Starhawk

stars

Stegner, Wallace

Steiner, Rudolf

Sterkfontein, World Heritage Site

stewardship

Stone, Christopher

Strong, Maurice

sun, reverence for

and ritual

and surfing

Supreme Court

Surfers’ Environmental Alliance

Surfer’s Journal (from 1992)

Surfer’s Path (from 1997)

surfing: and Asian religions

and environmentalism

ethics

expressions

healing, psychological/physical

history of

icons of

soul

magazines

movies

organizations

religion

and violence

Surfrider Foundation

sustainability: and corporations

and education

pillars of

and religion

and surfing

and United Nations

Suwannee River

Suzuki, David: biography

and Carson

criticisms of

and cosmologies

and documentaries

echoing Darwin

and indigenous people

possible influence on Paul Watson

and quasi religion

and Shiva

and social mores

soil, as sacred. See also Sacred Balance, The

Swanwick, Howard

Swimme, Brian

Szöllösi-Nagy, András

Tarzan (1999)

Taylor, Bron: additional online resources

and surfing

technology

Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre

telepathy

television. See earth television shows

television series. See also earth television shows

Ten Trusts, The, (Jane Goodall and Marc Bekoff, 2003)

terrapolitan earth religion

terrorism

theology/theism

theosophy

Thomson, Shaun

Thoreau, Henry David: and Abbey

appendix

and Darwin

as exemplar of dark green religion

famous aphorism about wildness

influences on Muir

as inspiration for dark green religion

and nature writing

and paganism

and Thoreauvian pilgrimage

and Walden Pond. See also Walden

Tiango, Nanga

Tickell, Crispin

Tolkien, J. R. R. See also Lord of the Rings

Tompkins, Douglas

traditional ecological knowledge (TEK)

transcendentalism

“Transformations,” (Thomas Hardy poem)

Treadwell, Timothy. See also documentaries

“Tree, The” (song by Dana Lyons)

Tree of Life: baobab tree

Haeckel

Pansophists

and Wild Animal Park (Disney)

tree sit

tribalism

trust, in nature and/or the universe

Tuan, Yi Fu

Tucker, Mary Evelyn

Turner, Ted

Turner, Victor

Turner Tomorrow Award

Turtle Island (Gary Snyder, 1974)

Tylor, E. B.

Ultimate Guide to Surfing (Jay Moriarity and Chris Gallagher, 2001)

United Nations: Ambassador for Peace

Conference on Environment and Development (Rio Earth Summit)

and connection to dark green religion

Our Common Future (Brundtland Report)

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

United Nations Environmental Program

United Nations Foundation

United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights; See also Earth Charter; People’s Earth Summit; World Summit on Sustainable Development

Universe Story

Vail, Colorado

Van der Merwe, Chris

veganism

vegetarianism

violence

and Abbey

and Abrahamic traditions

and Deudney

as permissible

and radical environmentalism

and surfing

and Walker

and Western paradigm

vision quests

Walden (Henry David Thoreau, 1854)

Walden Pond

Waldorf schools

Walker, Alice

Walker, Matt

“Walk through Time”

Wallace, Alfred Russel

Wallace, Mark

Walt Disney

Warriors of the Rainbow

Warshaw, Matt

water, as sacred source: and Carson

and Suzuki

and Watson. See also Mother Ocean; ocean: religious associations/kinship with

Watson, Paul

and biocentric religion

and Greenpeace

and Irwin

Weaver, Sigourney

Western civilization, criticisms of

whales

Whale Wars

White, Lynn

Whitehead, Albert North

Whitman, Walt

Wicca

wilderness: and Adams

and Cronon

as home

and nature religion

negative perceptions of

preservation of

and rights of nature

as sacred

and Thoreau

teachings from. See also Abbey, Edward; Muir, John

Wilderness Act (1964)

Wilderness Society

Wild Kingdom, Mutual of Omaha (1963)

Williams, Terry Tempest

Williamson, Marianne

Wilson, E. O.

Winfrey, Oprah

witchcraft

wolves

Wonderful Adventures of Nils, The (Selma Lagerlöf, 1907)

World Council of Churches

World Pantheist Movement

World Sustainability Hearing

World Vision

Worster, Donald

and Albanese

and Darwin

as educator

as environmental historian

on Muir

writers, nature

Yosemite

Zaleha, Bernard

Zerzan, John

Zimbabwean art

Zimmerman, Michael. See also ecofascism