Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following sources for permission to use the images in this book:
0.1: © Richard Nowitz
0.2: Foto Marburg/Art Resource, NY
0.3: blickwinkel/Alamy
1.1: Paul Chesley/Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images
1.2: Bruce Dale/National Geographic/Getty Images
2.1: Werner Forman/HIP/The Image Works
2.2: Brooklyn Museum of Art, New York, USA/Frank L. Babbott Fund and Carll H. de Silver Fund/The Bridgeman Art Library
2.3: © John Heseltine
3.1: VisionsofAmerica/Joe Sohm/Digital Vision/Getty Images
3.2: James P. Blair/Photodisc/Getty Images
4.1: © Photo DC
6.1: Photo by Scott J. Ferrell/Congressional Quarterly/Getty Images
6.2: Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images
6.3: Sandra Baker/Alamy
6.4: Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, cph 3b32779
6.5: Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, cph 3a01226
6.6: TIM SLOAN/AFP/Getty Images
6.7: Photo by Herbert Orth/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images
7.1: © Richard Nowitz
8.1: © Photo DC
9.1: British Library, London/HIP/Art Resource, NY
10.1: © Robert Bull
11.1: © Richard Nowitz
11.2: AP Photo/Purdue News Service
11.3: National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
13.1: KAREN BLEIER/AFP/Getty Images
13.2: © Per Haagensen
15.1: Scott Hess Photography
15.2: © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin/The Bridgeman Art Library
16.1: Chris Pinchbeck/Aurora/Getty Images
16.2: Courtesy National Archives, 210-G-C839
17.1 T: © iStockphoto.com/RonyGraphics
17.2 TC: © iStockphoto.com/ggodby
17.3 C: © iStockphoto.com/johnwoodcock
17.4 BC: © Robert Bull
17.5 B: © iStockphoto.com/Thirteen-Fifty
17.6: Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division
18.1: Richard Merritt FRPS/Flickr/Getty Images
19.1: Biblioteca Estense Universitaria, Modena, Italy/The Bridgeman Art Library
19.2: Bibliotheque des Arts Decoratifs, Paris, France/The Bridgeman Art Library
19.3: Topham/The Image Works
19.4: V&A Images, London/Art Resource, NY
20.1: imagebroker/Alamy
20.2: Cameron Davidson/Workbook Stock/Getty Images
20.3: Imagno/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
21.1: © Photo DC
21.2: © Rachele Pearce
21.3: © Rachele Pearce
21.4: Santa Maria della Grazie, Milan, Italy/The Bridgeman Art Library
21.5: Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library
21.6: Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC/Art Resource, NY
21.7: Private Collection/ Archives Charmet/The Bridgeman Art Library
22.1: © Richard Nowitz
22.2: “The Three Graces” © 2004, a painting by Michael Parkes. All Rights Reserved. Represented exclusively by Swan King Editions, LLC.
23.1: Private Collection/Ken Welsh/The Bridgeman Art Library
28.1: © Dennis Brack/DanitaDelimont.com
29.1: JHP Public Safety/Alamy
30.1: Academie des Sciences, Paris, France/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library
30.2: Vatican Museums and Galleries, Vatican City, Italy/The Bridgeman Art Library
32.1: Courtesy of the author
34.1: © Richard Nowitz
36.1: Doug Blane (www.DougBlane.com)/Alamy
37.1: © Richard Nowitz
38.1: © Carlos Carrion/Sygma/Corbis
39.1: Steve Allen/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images
41.1: Archaeological Museum of Heraklion, Crete, Greece/Bernard Cox/The Bridgeman Art Library
41.2: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University
42.1: Photo by Scott J. Ferrell/Congressional Quarterly/Getty Images
46.1: © Richard Nowitz
46.2: John Grant/The Image Bank/Getty Images
46.3: The Library of Congress, Carol M. Highsmith Archive, LC-DIGhighsm-02096
46.4: Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LC-DIGppmsca-22306
46.5: Library of Congress Photo/ Micheala McNichol
46.6: John Grant/The Image Bank/Getty Images
49.1: The Library of Congress, Carol M. Highsmith Archive, LC-DIGhighsm-02070
49.2: The Library of Congress, Carol M. Highsmith Archive, LC-DIGhighsm-02120
49.3: San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome, Italy/Alinari/The Bridgeman Art Library
50.1: Stock Connection Blue/Alamy
52.1: Private Collection/Courtesy of Swann Auction Galleries/The Bridgeman Art Library
53.1: LHB Photo/Alamy
55.1: The Library of Congress, Carol M. Highsmith Archive, LC-DIGhighsm-02785
56.1: The Library of Congress, Carol M. Highsmith Archive, LC-DIGhighsm-02782
57.1: Ann Rayworth/Alamy
58.1: Jose CABEZAS/AFP/Getty Images
58.2: SNL/DOE/Photo Researchers, Inc.
59.1: Library of Congress, LC-DIG-ppmsca-15563
62.1: © Richard Nowitz
63.1: © Richard Nowitz
68.1: Alte Pinakothek, Munich, Germany/The Bridgeman Art Library
70.1: Ann Ronan Picture Library, London/HIP/Art Resource, NY
71.1: Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images
73.1: © Richard Nowitz
73.2: Bacon, Francis, Sylva sylvarum: or, A natural history in ten centuries (1664), Rare Books and Special Collections, University of Sydney Library
74.1: © Richard Nowitz
75.1: Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division
76.1: © Richard Nowitz
76.2: Purestock/Getty Images
77.1: Joan Baron/Photo Researchers, Inc.
77.2: Topham/The Image Works
77.3: Mary Evans Picture Library/The Image Works
77.4: Charles Walker/Topham/The Image Works
78.1: Philip Scalia/Alamy
78.2: O’Shea Gallery, London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library
78.3: William S. Kuta/Alamy
78.4: Bible Society, London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library
79.1: Nadia M.B. Hughes/National Geographic/Getty Images
79.2: public domain image by Cyraxote
80.1: Courtesy of National Sportswear & Emblem, Ltd.
81.1: C. Walker/Topham/The Image Works
81.2: © iStockphoto.com/wings
82.1: Corbis Premium RF/Alamy
82.2: The Stapleton Collection/Art Resource, NY
82.3: Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library
84.1: Stock Connection Blue/Alamy
85.1: Charles Walker/Topfoto /The Image Works (detail)
85.2: Louvre, Paris, France/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library
85.3: Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library
86.1: Alinari Archives/The Image Works
87.1: © Richard Nowitz
87.2: Irene Abdou/Alamy
89.1: © Photo DC
89.2: SSPL/Science Museum/The Image Works
93.1: © Richard Nowitz
96.1: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY
96.2: Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY
96.3: Scott S. Warren/National Geographic/Getty Images
97.1: Chris Nevins/Flickr/Getty Images
99.1: © Richard Nowitz
111.1: Photo by: Randy Santos/dcstockimages.com
111.2: Smithsonian American ArtMuseum, Washington,DC/Art Resource, NY
112.1: © Gordon Baer/Cincinnati
116.1: British Museum, London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library
117.1: © Richard Nowitz
117.2: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY
118.1: Sisse Brimberg/National Geographic/Getty Images
119.1: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY
129.1: Stock Connection Blue/Alamy
129.2: Theodor Horydczak Collection, Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LC-H824-T-M04-045
129.3: Vito Palmisano/Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images
130.1: Private Collection/Ann & Bury Peerless Picture Library/The Bridgeman Art Library
130.2: Jack Sullivan/Alamy
131.1: Division of Political History, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
133.1: Brian M. Williams
133.2: Scott Camazine/Photo Researchers, Inc.
EPI.1: Walter Bibikow/Taxi/Getty Images