Chapter titles and subheads are direct quotations from contemporary newspaper headlines and captions (except for the title of chapter 11).
1. George D. Bushnell, “When Chicago Was Wheel Crazy,” in The Chicago Sports Reader: 100 Years of Sports in the Windy City, ed. Steven A. Reiss and Gerald R. Gems (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009), 81.
2. Bill Mallon and Jeroen Heijmans, Historical Dictionary of Cycling (Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press, 2011).
3. Heather Drieth, “Tillie Anderson, the Terrible Swede: America’s Women’s Champion,” The Wheelmen, May 2000, 9.
4. Peter Nye, Hearts of Lions: The History of American Bicycle Racing (New York: Norton, 1988), 24.
5. David V. Herlihy, Bicycle: The History (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014), 395.
6. Nye, Hearts of Lions, 186.
7. Carole A. Oglesby, ed., with Doreen L. Greenberg, Ruth Louise Hall, Karen L. Hill, Frances Johnston, and Sheila Easterly Ridley, Encyclopedia of Women and Sport in America (Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1998), 60.
8. William Fotheringham, Cyclopedia: It’s All About the Bike (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2010), 421.
9. Fotheringham, Cyclopedia, 420.
10. Mallon and Heijmans, Historical Dictionary of Cycling, 231, 383.
11. Clare S. Simpson, “Capitalising on Curiosity: Women’s Professional Cycle Racing in the Late-Nineteenth Century,” in Cycling and Society, ed. Paul Rosen, Peter Cox, and David Horton (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007), 48.
1. “Feminine Limbs Lose Beauty of Outline When the Bicycle Is Ridden,” St. Louis Republic, December 12, 1897.
2. “Feminine Limbs.”
3. “The Swedish Champion,” Rockford (IL) Morning Star, July 9, 1899, 6.
4. “The ‘Terrible Swede,’” Indianapolis Journal, January 25, 1897.
5. “Knickerbockers or Bloomers,” Chicago Daily Tribune, January 14, 1896, 8.
6. “Big Handicap Century Road Race,” Chicago Daily Tribune, October 19, 1895, 6.
7. “Tillie Anderson, Thistle Cycling Club,” Chicago Times Herald, March 9, 1896.
8. “Woman’s Bicycle Tournament,” Chicago Record, January 1896.
9. “The ‘Terrible Swede,’” Indianapolis Journal, January 25, 1897.
10. Alexander Klein, Personal Income of U.S. States: Estimates for the Period 1880–1910, Warwick Economic Research Papers, No. 916 (University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, 2009), 51.
11. Unpublished family history, courtesy of Alice Olson Roepke.
12. “Knickerbockers or Bloomers.”
13. “Records Are Badly Shattered,” Chicago Daily Tribune, January 28, 1896, 8.
14. “Lisette,” Zanesville (OH) Sunday News, July 8, 1900.
1. “Are Out for Blood,” Chicago Daily Inter Ocean, January 28, 1896, 4.
2. “Records Are Badly Shattered,” Chicago Daily Tribune, January 28, 1896, 8.
3. “Official Records,” Sporting Life, December 26, 1896, 16.
4. “Ride Like the Wind,” Chicago Daily Tribune, January 29, 1896, 7.
5. “Miss Anderson First,” Chicago Record, January 29, 1896.
6. “Forges to the Front,” Chicago Record, January 31, 1896.
7. St. Paul Daily Globe, February 3, 1896, 1.
8. “Tillie Wins by a Lap,” Chicago Daily Tribune, February 2, 1896, 7.
1. Steven A. Riess, ed., Sports in America from Colonial Times to the Twenty-First Century: An Encyclopedia (Armonk, NY: Sharpe, 2011), 3:953.
2. Carole A. Oglesby, ed., with Doreen L. Greenberg, Ruth Louise Hall, Karen L. Hill, Frances Johnston, and Sheila Easterly Ridley, Encyclopedia of Women and Sport in America (Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1998), 133.
3. Victoria Sherrow, Encyclopedia of Women and Sports (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1996), 15.
4. Janet Woolum, Outstanding Women Athletes: Who They Are and How They Influenced Sports in America, 2nd ed. (Phoenix, AZ: Oryx, 1998), 6.
5. Matthew Algeo, Pedestrianism: When Watching People Walk Was America’s Favorite Spectator Sport (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2014), 30.
6. Algeo, Pedestrianism, 107–12, 116, 109.
7. George D. Bushnell, “When Chicago Was Wheel Crazy,” in The Chicago Sports Reader: 100 Years of Sports in the Windy City, ed. Steven A. Riess and Gerald R. Gems (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009), 81.
8. Robert A. Smith, A Social History of the Bicycle (New York: American Heritage Press, 1972), 10.
9. William Fotheringham, Cyclopedia: It’s All About the Bike (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2010), 185.
10. Fotheringham, Cyclopedia, 337.
11. Alexander Klein, Personal Income of U.S. States: Estimates for the Period 1880–1910, Warwick Economic Research Papers, No. 916 (University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, 2009), 51.
12. S. Michael Wells, “Ordinary Women: High-Wheeling Ladies in Nineteenth-Century America,” The Wheelmen, November 1993, 3.
13. Wells, “Ordinary Women,” 4–5.
14. “Why They Race,” Detroit Journal, April 8, 1897.
15. Wells, “Ordinary Women,” 8.
16. Helen’s birthday and place of birth from “Five Swift Girls,” St. Paul Daily Globe, July 7, 1895, 8.
17. Quoted in Wells, “Ordinary Women,” 12, 5; “Miss Helen Baldwin,” Anaconda Standard, July 23, 1896, 7.
18. “Ladies’ Cycle Races,” Detroit Tribune, March 22, 1896.
19. “Women Bike Riders,” Des Moines News, July 8, 1898.
20. Salvatore, “More Snap and Vigor to It,” Columbus Dispatch, February 5, 1897.
21. “Sporting World,” Winnipeg Tribune, August 18, 1896.
22. “Five Swift Girls,” St. Paul Daily Globe, July 7, 1895, 8.
23. “Will Bike to Fame,” Anaconda Standard, August 14, 1896, 8.
24. “Five Swift Girls.”
25. “Will Bike to Fame.”
26. “Pearl Was the Speediest,” Rochester Herald, June 30, 1895, 10.
27. “With the Wheelmen,” Buffalo Courier, July 21, 1895, 15.
28. “Women’s Bike Race,” Rochester Herald, June 29, 1895, 10.
29. “Pearl Was the Speediest”; “With the Wheelmen.”
30. “With the Wheelmen.”
31. “And Women Raced,” Buffalo Express, July 21, 1895, 18.
32. Stew Thornley, “Twin Cities Ballparks,” stewthornley.net, accessed March 18, 2013.
33. “Pretty Miss Farnsworth,” Columbus Evening Press, January 30, 1897.
34. “Arc Light Scorching,” Minneapolis Journal, August 20, 1895, 10.
35. “Christopher Wins,” Minneapolis Tribune, March 1, 1896.
36. “They Are a Nervy Lot of Riders,” Buffalo Courier, January 28, 1896, 12.
37. “Fair Cyclists After Records,” New York Herald, January 6, 1896, 10.
38. “Female Bicycle Racers,” New York Times, January 7, 1896, 6.
39. “Nelson Won the Race,” New York Times, January 12, 1896, 6.
40. Quoted in the Chicago Inter Ocean, June 24, 1896, 5.
41. Woolum, Outstanding Women Athletes, 25.
1. “Lost by a Sock,” St. Paul Daily Globe, July 9, 1895, 8.
2. “Lost by a Sock.”
3. “Speed on a Saucer,” Syracuse Evening Herald, June 4, 1901.
4. “Fair Cyclennes,” Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, March 7, 1897.
5. “Flying Female Cyclists at the Big Coliseum,” St. Louis Republic, November 30, 1897.
6. “Woman’s Bicycle Tournament,” Chicago Record, January 1896.
7. “Train for Endurance,” unknown source, January 1896.
8. “A Big Crowd Out Last Night,” Minneapolis Journal, February 25, 1896.
9. “Tillie Is a Flyer,” Chicago Evening Journal, March 3, 1896.
10. “Rather pretty blond” is from “Ladies’ Cycle Races,” Detroit Tribune, March 22, 1896; “form to perfection” is from “Wheels Go ’Round,” Detroit Tribune, March 24, 1896.
11. “Breaking Records,” Detroit Journal, March 24, 1896.
12. “Wheels Go ’Round.”
13. “Wheels Go ’Round.”
14. “Breaking Records.”
15. Burlington (IA) Evening Gazette, September 29, 1900.
16. “Breaking Records.”
17. “She Gains Five Laps,” Chicago Evening Journal, March 4, 1896.
18. “Tillie Gets First Money,” Chicago Chronicle, March 8, 1896.
19. “Wheels Go ’Round.”
20. “Burn Up the Track,” Detroit Tribune, March 25, 1896.
21. “It Was Piteous,” Detroit News, March 24, 1896.
22. “Women in a Bicycle Race,” Chicago Record, March 16, 1897.
23. “Fair, Speedy Riders,” Indianapolis Sun, January 16, 1897.
24. “Women’s Cycle Race,” Indianapolis Sentinel, January 17, 1897.
25. “Pretty Miss Farnsworth,” Columbus Evening Press, January 30, 1897.
26. “Tillie Anderson’s Record,” Columbus Dispatch, January 23, 1897.
1. “Track Building,” Sporting Life: Cycling Department, March 5, 1892, 1.
2. “Breaking the Record,” Detroit Free Press, March 24, 1896, 6.
3. “Contest of Women Riders,” Indianapolis Journal, January 17, 1897.
4. “Lady Cyclists Big Hit,” Dubuque Telegram, May 23, 1898.
5. “Six Days Awheel,” Sporting Life, December 11, 1897, 14.
6. “Velodrome Track Specifics,” National Sports Center Velodrome, National Sports Center Foundation, June 3, 2014, www.velodrome.nscsports.org.
7. “The Six Days’ Race,” Sporting Life, December 18, 1897, 8.
8. “Lady Cyclers Will Race,” Ohio State Journal, January 31, 1897.
9. “Fair Cyclennes,” Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, March 7, 1897.
10. “The Women Cycle Racers,” Indianapolis News, March 22, 1898.
11. “The Women in Training,” Burlington (IA) Democrat Journal, April 21, 1898.
12. “Hot Finish,” Cleveland Leader, December 10, 1897.
13. “Amazons on Wheels,” Butte Miner, July 27, 1896.
14. “Cycle Carnival at the Fair Grounds,” Johnstown (NY) Daily Republican, May 27, 1902, 7.
15. “Jack King and Three Queens,” Racine Times, February 22, 1898.
16. “Contest of Women Riders.”
17. Robert Hurst, The Cyclist’s Manifesto: The Case for Riding on Two Wheels Instead of Four (Guilford CT: Falcon Guides, 2009), 37.
18. “Women’s Cycle Race,” Indianapolis Sentinel, January 17, 1897.
19. “Cyclenes Have Gone,” Ohio State Journal, February 9, 1897.
20. “Big Fight Tonight,” Des Moines News, July 9, 1898.
21. “It Was Piteous,” Detroit News, March 24, 1896.
22. “Wheels Go ’Round,” Detroit Tribune, March 24, 1896.
23. “Dizzy Going ’Round,” Detroit Journal, March 25, 1896.
24. “Scorching” and “lightning fast” from “Breaking Records,” Detroit Journal, March 24, 1896; “break-neck” from “For Prize Money,” Detroit Evening News, March 25, 1896; and “heart-breaking” and “killing” from “Wheels Go ’Round.”
25. “For Prize Money,” Detroit Evening News, March 25, 1896.
26. “Dizzy Going ’Round.”
27. “Dizzy Going ’Round.”
28. “It Was Piteous.”
29. “It Was Piteous.”
30. “Burn Up the Track,” Detroit Tribune, March 25, 1896.
31. “For Prize Money.”
32. “She Nearly Fainted,” Detroit Journal, March 26, 1896.
33. “No, She Wouldn’t,” Detroit Tribune, March 26, 1896.
34. “No, She Wouldn’t.”
35. “Cycle Race Is Over,” Detroit Sunday News-Tribune, March 29, 1896.
36. “No, She Wouldn’t.”
37. “Cycle Race Is Over.”
38. “For Prize Money.”
39. “Starting on a Long Race,” New York Times, December 7, 1896, 2.
40. “Tillie Anderson Wins,” Kansas City Star, November 29, 1897.
41. “Tillie Anderson Won,” St. Louis Republic, December 5, 1897.
42. “Anderson Won the Big Race,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 5, 1897.
43. “Hines Is a Hustler,” Detroit Free Press, April 4, 1897, 8.
44. “Keen Rivalry,” Detroit Journal, April 1897.
45. “Women on Bikes,” Detroit News, April 6, 1897.
46. “Speed on a Saucer,” Syracuse Evening Herald, June 4, 1901.
47. “Speed of Women Cyclers,” New York Sun, March 21, 1897, 8.
48. “For Prize Money.”
49. Houston Press, March 26, 1896.
1. “Pleasing costumes” from “Breaking Records,” Detroit Journal, March 24, 1896.
2. S. Michael Wells, “Ordinary Women: High-Wheeling Ladies in Nineteenth-Century America,” The Wheelmen, November 1993, 8.
3. “‘She T’ank She Wed,’” Detroit Tribune, March 31, 1896.
4. “Lovers True,” Detroit News, March 30, 1896.
5. “Lovers True.”
6. “Feminine Limbs Lose Beauty of Outline When the Bicycle Is Ridden,” St. Louis Republic, December 12, 1897.
7. “Gross Park Club Race Tomorrow,” Chicago Daily Tribune, June 29, 1895, 6.
8. “Lovers True.”
9. “Miss Anderson Still Leads,” St. Louis Globe-Democrat, December 4, 1897.
10. “Anderson Won the Big Race,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 5, 1897.
11. “Lovers True.”
12. William Fotheringham, Cyclopedia: It’s All About the Bike (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2010), 382.
13. “Flying Female Cyclists at the Big Coliseum,” St. Louis Republic, November 30, 1897.
14. “In Hard Training,” Burlington Gazette, April 23, 1898.
15. “Tillie Anderson Won,” St. Louis Republic, December 5, 1897.
1. “The Girls,” Cleveland World, January 10, 1897; “Dottie,” Cleveland World, January 6, 1897.
2. “Pearl’s Pride,” Cleveland World, January 9, 1897.
3. “Pearl’s Pride.”
4. “Keeps Her Busy,” Cleveland Leader, January 9, 1897.
5. “Anderson Wins,” Cleveland World, January 10, 1897.
6. “Anderson Wins.”
7. “Keeps Her Busy,” Cleveland Leader, January 9, 1897.
8. “All Bets Off,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, January 10, 1897.
9. “They Deny It,” Cleveland Leader, January 11, 1897.
10. “Dear! Dear!,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, January 11, 1897.
11. “Dear! Dear!”
12. “The Match Race,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, January 13, 1897.
13. “Dottie Didn’t,” Cleveland World, January 13, 1897.
14. “No Cheater,” Cleveland Press, January 13, 1897.
15. “The Match Race.”
16. “The Match Race.”
17. “Cleveland Race a Muddle,” American Wheelman, January 1897.
18. “All Bets Off.”
19. “They Deny It.”
20. “Daft on Dottie,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, January 12, 1897.
1. “Riders Must Obey Orders,” Chicago Chronicle, March 9, 1896.
2. Robert A. Smith, A Social History of the Bicycle (New York: American Heritage Press, 1972), 12.
3. League of American Wheelmen, Cycling Handbook (Chicago, 1947), 18, 20.
4. League of American Wheelmen, Constitution and By-Laws (Boston, 1897), 29.
5. “Riders Must Obey Orders.”
6. “Wants to Enter the Race,” Chicago Chronicle, May 5, 1896.
7. “Wants to Enter the Race.”
8. “Wants to Enter the Race.”
9. “Tillie Anderson’s Ambition,” Chicago Evening Journal, May 5, 1896.
10. “Tillie Is All Right,” Chicago Dispatch, May 5, 1896.
11. “Tillie Is All Right.”
12. “Tillie Anderson’s Ambition.”
13. Bicycle News, May 15, 1896, 14.
14. “Miss Anderson Thinks Lawson’s Terms for a Race Unreasonable,” unknown source.
15. “Tillie Anderson’s Ambition,” Chicago Evening Journal, May 5, 1896.
16. “Miss Anderson Thinks Lawson’s Terms for a Race Unreasonable.”
17. “Miss Anderson Thinks Lawson’s Terms for a Race Unreasonable.”
18. “John Lawson Will Race Miss Anderson if Purse Is Big Enough,” unknown source.
19. “Is a Pageant of Color: Annual Run of the Associated Cycling Club of Chicago,” Chicago Daily Tribune, May 25, 1896, 3.
20. “L.A.W. and the New Woman,” unknown source.
21. “Tillie Is Again Victor,” Chicago Chronicle, September 11, 1896.
22. “Abolish the Auxiliary Offices,” Chicago Tribune, December 24, 1896, 8.
1. “Lady Cyclers Will Race,” Ohio State Journal, January 31, 1897.
2. “It Was Farnsworth’s Turn,” Columbus Dispatch, February 3, 1897.
3. “Pretty Dottie Won,” Columbus Press, February 3, 1897.
4. “Anderson Leads Again,” Ohio State Journal, February 5, 1897.
5. “Close of the Cycle Races,” Ohio State Journal, February 8, 1897.
6. “Anderson the Winner,” Columbus Journal, February 7, 1897.
7. “Dottie Dances,” Cleveland World, February 17, 1897.
8. “Passed the Century Mark,” Columbus Dispatch, February 4, 1897.
9. “More Snap and Vigor to It,” Columbus Dispatch, February 5, 1897.
10. “More Snap and Vigor to It.”
11. “More Snap and Vigor to It.”
1. “Why They Race,” Detroit Journal, April 8, 1897.
2. “Is Bicycling Immoral?,” Cycling Gazette, December 31, 1896, 55.
3. Quoted in Robert A. Smith, A Social History of the Bicycle (New York: American Heritage Press, 1972), 65, 68.
4. Quoted in Smith, A Social History of the Bicycle, 70.
5. “Matron Martha Frazer Denounces Bicycle Races for Women,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 5, 1897.
6. “A Physician’s Denunciation,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 5, 1897.
7. “Flying Female Cyclists at the Big Coliseum,” St. Louis Republic, November 30, 1897.
8. “Is Bicycling Immoral?”
9. “Rev. Dwight L. Moody Discovers Tillie Anderson,” Cincinnati Enquirer, March 12, 1897.
10. “Rev. Dwight L. Moody Discovers Tillie Anderson.”
11. “Rev. Dwight L. Moody Discovers Tillie Anderson.”
12. “Awful Spurts,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, February 26, 1897.
1. “Potter Is the Winner,” Chicago Tribune, February 12, 1897.
2. “Thirty Men Will Start,” Chicago Tribune, February 14, 1897, 7.
3. “Schinneer in the Lead,” Chicago Tribune, February 23, 1897, 8.
4. “Schinneer at the Head,” Chicago Tribune, February 24, 1897, 5.
5. “Schinneer at the Head.”
6. “Bicycle Riders’ Faces after Four Days’ Continuous Racing,” Chicago Tribune, February 26, 1897, 8.
7. “Bicycle Riders’ Faces.”
8. “Schinneer a Victor,” Chicago Tribune, February 28, 1897, 1.
9. “Schinneer a Victor.”
10. “Schinneer a Victor.”
11. “The Man in the Clock Tower,” Forest and Stream: A Journal of Outdoor Life, Travel, Nature Study, Shooting, Fishing, Yachting, December 18, 1897, 489.
12. Peter Joffre Nye, The Six-Day Bicycle Races: America’s Jazz-Age Sport (San Francisco: Van der Plas, 2006), 28.
13. “Women Injured in a Race,” Chicago Chronicle, March 16, 1897.
14. “Women on Track,” Chicago Daily Inter Ocean, March 16, 1897.
15. “Women Injured in a Race.”
16. “Female Cyclists Are Hurt,” Chicago Chronicle, March 17, 1897.
17. “Tillie Anderson Loses Ground,” Chicago Record, March 17, 1897.
18. Chicago Times Herald, March 17, 1897.
19. “Girls May Pull Hair,” Chicago Daily Inter Ocean, March 17, 1897.
20. “Girls May Pull Hair.”
21. “Anderson Behind a Lap,” Chicago Tribune, March 17, 1897, 8.
22. “Female Cyclists Are Hurt.”
23. “Dottie Dances,” Cleveland World, February 17, 1897; “Female Cyclists Are Hurt.”
24. “Bets on the Racers,” Chicago Times Herald, March 18, 1897.
25. “Anderson Still Behind,” Chicago Tribune, March 18, 1897.
26. “Betting on Cyclists,” Chicago Evening Dispatch, March 18, 1897.
27. “Bets on the Racers,” Chicago Times Herald, March 18, 1897.
28. “Bar Her New Costume,” Chicago Record, March 18, 1897.
29. “Eight Hours of Racing,” Chicago Chronicle, March 19, 1897.
30. “Romance of the Race,” Chicago Record, March 20, 1897.
31. “Anderson Asserts She Will Win,” Chicago Tribune, March 20, 1897.
32. “Glaw Wins the Race,” Chicago Daily Inter Ocean, March 21, 1897.
33. “Glaw Wins the Race.”
34. “Race Goes to Miss Glaw,” Chicago Chronicle, March 21, 1897.
35. “Lizzie Glaw Is a Winner,” Chicago Tribune, March 21, 1897, 5.
36. “Glaw Is Now Champion,” Chicago Record, March 22, 1897.
37. “Glaw Wins at Chicago,” American Wheelman, March 25, 1897.
1. Robert A. Smith, A Social History of the Bicycle (New York: American Heritage Press, 1972), 65.
2. Stillwater (MN) Messenger, April 18, 1896.
3. Bicycle News, May 15, 1896.
4. “Feminine Limbs Lose Beauty of Outline When the Bicycle Is Ridden,” St. Louis Republic, December 12, 1897.
5. Fanny Darling, “Bicycle Racing Transforms Lovely Woman from a Pale Beauty into a Perfect Fright,” St. Louis Sunday Republic, December 5, 1897.
1. “Lisette and Her Lightning Rivals,” Minneapolis Sunday Times, September 4, 1898.
2. “Why They Race,” Detroit Journal, April 8, 1897.
3. “Tell Another Story,” Minneapolis Times, February 1896.
4. “Tillie Wins by a Lap,” Chicago Daily Tribune, February 2, 1896, 7.
5. “Anderson and Farnsworth,” Minneapolis Times, February 24, 1896.
6. “Farnsworth Led,” Minneapolis Times, June 30, 1896.
7. “An Unreasoning Mob,” Minneapolis Journal, July 7, 1896.
8. “Lawless,” Minneapolis Penny Press, July 7, 1896.
9. “Mob Wanted Fun,” St. Paul Globe, July 7, 1886, 3.
10. “Lawless.”
11. “An Unreasoning Mob.”
12. “All the Old Girls,” Minneapolis Times, July 14, 1896.
13. “Tillie Wins Out,” Minneapolis Times, July 19, 1896.
14. “Result of the Bicycle Race at Athletic Park Last Evening,” Minneapolis Tribune, July 22, 1896.
1. “The Champion Rider,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 4, 1897.
2. “Speed on a Saucer,” Syracuse Evening Herald, June 4, 1901.
3. “Racing Transforms Lovely Woman from a Pale Beauty into a Perfect Fright,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 5, 1897.
4. “Her Riding Days Over,” St. Paul Globe, February 1, 1897.
5. Melvin L. Adelman, “The First Modern Sport in America: Harness Racing in New York City, 1825–1870,” in Sport in America: From Wicked Amusement to National Obsession, ed. David K. Wiggins (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1995), 107, 108.
6. “Anderson’s Great Victory,” Detroit Free Press, April 11, 1897.
7. “A Very Close Finish,” Detroit Journal, April 12, 1897.
8. “Anderson’s Great Victory.”
9. “A Very Close Finish.”
10. “Glaw’s Backers,” Akron Beacon, April 16, 1897.
11. “Glaw Sets the Pace,” St. Paul Globe, April 24, 1897, 3.
12. “Broken,” Youngstown Telegram, April 26, 1897.
13. “Rah! Rah! Rah!,” Sandusky Journal, June 29, 1897.
14. “The Challenge,” Sandusky Journal, July 2, 1897.
15. Bertha Sheafer, “Bringing Back Some Headline Hunters of the Nineties,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, magazine section, August 21, 1932, 12.
16. “The Challenge,” Sandusky Journal, July 2, 1897.
17. “The Challenge.”
18. “Anderson-Glaw,” Toledo News, July 25, 1897.
19. “Articles of Agreement,” Toledo Commercial, July 25, 1897.
20. “Articles of Agreement.”
21. “Glaw-Anderson Race,” Toledo Blade, July 27, 1897.
22. “Kissed and Made Up,” Toledo Blade, July 28, 1897.
23. “Glaw the Winner,” Toledo Commercial, July 29, 1897.
24. “Glaw Wins First Heat,” Toledo Blade, July 29, 1897.
25. “Glaw Wins First Heat.”
26. “Glaw Wins the Heat,” Toledo Bee, July 29, 1897; “Glaw the Winner.”
27. “Glaw the Winner.”
28. “Glaw the Winner.”
29. “A Dead Heat,” Toledo Commercial, July 30, 1897.
30. “Glaw Wins the Final,” Toledo Bee, July 31, 1897.
31. “Lizzie Glaw the Winner,” Toledo Commercial, July 31, 1897.
32. “Lizzie Glaw the Winner.”
1. “They Do Not Speak,” Grand Rapids Democrat, September 7, 1897.
2. “The Six Day Cycle Race,” Kansas City Star, November 21, 1897.
3. “Tillie Anderson Leads,” Kansas City Star, November 26, 1897.
4. “Peterson Falls Back,” Kansas City Star, November 27, 1897.
5. “Flying Female Cyclists at the Big Coliseum,” St. Louis Republic, November 30, 1897.
6. “They Break Records,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 30, 1897.
7. “Seems Lacking,” St. Louis Chronicle, December 3, 1897.
8. “Tillie Anderson Won,” St. Louis Republic, December 5, 1897.
9. “Anderson Won the Big Race,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 5, 1897.
10. “The Champion Rider,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 4, 1897.
11. “Awful Sprints,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, December 8, 1897.
12. “Left Behind,” Cleveland Leader, December 8, 1897.
13. “Hot Finish,” Cleveland Leader, December 10, 1897.
14. “A Daring Ride,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, December 10, 1897.
15. “A Daring Ride.”
16. “Still Even,” Cleveland Leader, December 11, 1897.
17. “Still Even.”
18. “Land of Nod,” Cleveland Leader, December 12, 1897.
19. “Tillie Anderson,” Cleveland World, December 12, 1897.
20. “Land of Nod.”
1. “The Women Cycle Racers,” Indianapolis News, March 22, 1898.
2. “L.A.W. Warned Taggart,” Sporting Life, April 2, 1898, 13.
3. “The Women Racers,” Indianapolis News, March 25, 1898.
4. “The Women Racers.”
5. “Race Notes,” Indianapolis Sun, March 26, 1898.
6. “The Women Cycle Racers,” Indianapolis News, March 22, 1898.
7. “The ‘Muscular Beauties,’” Indianapolis Journal, March 23, 1898.
8. “Won by Miss Glaw,” Indianapolis Journal, March 24, 1898.
9. “The Women Cycle Racers.”
10. “Like a Game of Tag,” Indianapolis Sun, March 23, 1898.
11. “Won by Miss Glaw,” Indianapolis Journal, March 24, 1898.
12. “Anderson the Winner,” Indianapolis Sentinel, March 27, 1898.
13. “Swede ‘Wins’ the Race,” Indianapolis Journal, March 27, 1898.
14. Indianapolis Trade Journal, March 26, 1898.
15. “Ladies’ International Bicycle Races Inaugurated at West End,” New Orleans Times-Picayune, July 26, 1898, 2.
16. “Female Cyclers Ready to Race on the Cement Track,” New Orleans Times-Picayune, July 30, 1898, 9.
17. William Fotheringham, Cyclopedia: It’s All About the Bike (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2010), 420.
18. Certified witness statement, part of the Alice Olson Roepke Collection.
19. “The Swedish Champion,” Rockford (IL) Morning Star, July 9, 1899, 6.
20. Advertisement, New Orleans Times-Picayune, August 22, 1898, 5.
21. “Anderson Hurt, and Farnsworth Wins Last Night,” New Orleans Times-Picayune, August 27, 1898, 9.
22. “Anderson Hurt, and Farnsworth Wins.”
23. “Tillie Can’t Ride,” New Orleans States, August 30, 1898.
24. “Tillie Can’t Ride.”
25. “A Billet from Tilly,” New Orleans States, September 9, 1898.
26. “Miss Farnsworth in Her Own Defense,” New Orleans States, September 2, 1898.
1. “What a Gall She Had!,” Sporting Life, April 6, 1895, 23.
2. “Whirlwind Woman Bicycle Rider to Race for the Championship,” New York Journal, August 28, 1898.
3. “She Leads the World,” Minneapolis Journal, August 20, 1898.
4. “Lisette and Her Life,” Minneapolis Sunday Times, August 28, 1898.
5. “French Bicyclist Arrives to Ride in the Six-Day Race,” Chicago Tribune, November 20, 1898.
6. Revue Mensuelle: Touring-Club de France, September 1896, 357; “A Champion Woman Cyclist,” North Adams (MA) Transcript, September 26, 1898, 7.
7. “Lisette Is Here,” Minneapolis Times, August 25, 1898.
8. “Whirlwind Woman Bicycle Rider.”
9. “Champion Woman Cyclist,” Chicago Chronicle, May 27, 1896.
10. “What a Gall She Had!”
11. “Cycling,” Times (London), November 25, 1895, 9.
12. “Champion Woman Cyclist.”
13. Sheffield (England) Independent, April 20, 1896.
14. “Whirlwind Woman Bicycle Rider.”
15. “Ready for the Start,” Columbus Sunday Morning Press, January 31, 1897.
16. “Whirlwind Woman Bicycle Rider.”
17. “Gossip of the Wheel,” St. Paul Globe, April 25, 1897, 11.
18. “Little Lisette, Champion Woman Cyclist, Arriving in New York, Writes the World Her Opinion of Little Jimmy Michael,” New York World, August 23, 1898.
19. “Gossip of the Wheel.”
20. “Race of Women Cyclists,” Chicago Chronicle, March 14, 1898.
21. “Lisette Is Here.”
22. “Lisette Is Here.”
23. “Lisette Is Here.”
24. “Lisette Is Here.”
25. “Lisette and Her Life,” Minneapolis Sunday Times, August 28, 1898.
26. “Lisette Is Here.”
27. “Little Lisette, Champion Woman Cyclist.”
28. “Whirlwind Woman Bicycle Rider.”
29. “Lisette Is Here.”
30. “Looks Like a Throw Down,” St. Paul Globe, August 11, 1898, 2; and “Minneapolis Carnival,” Worthington (MN) Advance, August 25, 1898, 1.
31. “Lisette and Her Lightning Rivals,” Minneapolis Sunday Times, September 4, 1898.
1. “Girl from Paris and Other Girls,” Minneapolis Times, September 5, 1898.
2. “Lisette and Her Lightning Rivals,” Minneapolis Sunday Times, September 4, 1898.
3. “Wheels Spun Fast as Tops,” Minneapolis Times, September 6, 1898.
4. “A Very Fast Pace,” Minneapolis Journal, September 6, 1898.
5. “The Riders Fell at the Finish,” Minneapolis Times, September 7, 1898.
6. “The Riders Fell at the Finish.”
7. “Thrilling Finish,” Minneapolis Tribune, September 7, 1898.
8. “The Riders Fell at the Finish.”
9. “Thrilling Finish,” Minneapolis Tribune, September 7, 1898.
10. “The Riders Fell at the Finish.”
11. “There Was a Crash,” Minneapolis Journal, September 7, 1898.
12. “More about the Recent Bicycle Races,” New Orleans States, September 26, 1898.
13. “To Beat Lizette,” Minneapolis Tribune, September 8, 1898.
14. “Girls Jockey Mlle. Lisette,” Minneapolis Times, September 8, 1898.
15. “To Beat Lizette.”
16. “Cheer for Lisette,” Minneapolis Journal, September 8, 1898.
17. “Girls Jockey Mlle. Lisette.”
18. “To Beat Lizette.”
19. “Fast Bike Girls Talk of the Race,” Minneapolis Times, September 9, 1898.
20. “Fast Bike Girls.”
21. “Fast Bike Girls.”
22. “Jockeyed Lisette,” Minneapolis Times, September 9, 1898.
23. “Que Voulez Vous?,” Minneapolis Times, September 10, 1898.
24. “Anderson Leads Again,” Minneapolis Times, September 10, 1898.
25. “Cycliennes Tumble,” Minneapolis Journal, September 10, 1898.
26. “Anderson Leads Again.”
27. “Second Bad Spill,” Minneapolis Tribune, September 10, 1898.
28. “Second Bad Spill.”
29. “Anderson Leads Again.”
30. “Second Bad Spill.”
31. “Anderson Leads Again.”
32. “And Lisette Beat Dottie,” Minneapolis Times, September 11, 1898.
1. “It Is to Beat Lisette,” St. Paul Globe, October 7, 1898, 5.
2. “Messier Said It Was Fine,” St. Paul Globe, October 12, 1898, 5.
3. “That Bicycle Race,” St. Paul Globe, October 15, 1898, 5.
4. “Messier Said It Was Fine.”
5. “That Bicycle Race.”
6. Mlle. Lisette, of Paris, France, trifold brochure, apparently a flyer or newspaper insert, Alice Olson Roepke Collection.
7. “Race at the Auditorium,” Ohio State Journal, April 4, 1899.
8. “Issues a Challenge,” Ohio State Journal, April 7, 1899.
9. Ohio State Journal, April 10, 1898.
10. “Tillie Anderson Is Still Leading,” Nashville American, June 14, 1899.
11. “Lisette Comes to Chicago,” Chicago Daily Tribune, November 20, 1898, 6.
12. “Poor Night for Bettors,” Chicago Chronicle, November 23, 1898.
13. “Women Plan to Defeat the Cute Lisette,” Chicago Democrat, November 23, 1898.
14. “Anderson Sprints Ahead,” Chicago Tribune, November 24, 1898.
15. “Women Plan to Defeat.”
16. “Tillie Anderson Wins,” Chicago Daily Tribune, November 28, 1898, 4.
17. “Anderson Is the Heroine,” Chicago Chronicle, November 24, 1898.
18. “Tillie Anderson in the Lead,” Chicago Tribune, November 25, 1898, 9.
19. “Lisette and the Women’s Race,” Chicago Daily Tribune, November 14, 1898, 4.
20. “Poor Night for Bettors.”
21. “Cycle Race Closes Tonight,” Chicago Daily Tribune, November 27, 1898, 7.
22. “Anderson the Winner,” Chicago Times-Herald, November 28, 1898.
23. “Tillie Anderson Wins.”
24. “Benefit for Women Riders,” Chicago Democrat, November 29, 1898.
25. “Benefit for Women Riders.”
26. Chicago Journal, November 29, 1898.
27. “Tillie Anderson Wins.”
1. Robert A. Smith, A Social History of the Bicycle (New York: American Heritage Press, 1972), 40.
2. “Proposed Legislation,” New York Times, January 4, 1899, 2.
3. “News of the Wheelmen,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, January 3, 1899, 11.
4. “Among the Wheelmen,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, January 1, 1899.
5. “The Coming Bicycle Race,” Racine Daily Journal, January 4, 1899, 8.
6. “Race Starts This Evening,” Ohio State Journal, April 3, 1899.
7. “Tuberculosis in Europe and North America, 1800–1922,” in Contagion: Historical Views of Diseases and Epidemics, Harvard University Library Open Collections Program, ocptest.hul.hardvard.edu, accessed June 8, 2015.
8. “Big Liner Crashed into a Berg in Fog,” New York Journal, September 5, 1899.
9. “Twelve Hour Bicycle Race,” Zanesville Times-Recorder, August 28, 1899.
10. “Anderson Leading,” Zanesville News, September 3, 1899.
11. “Was a Fast and Furious Race Last Night on the Big Saucer Track,” Zanesville Times-Recorder, August 31, 1899.
12. “Wonderful Endurance,” Zanesville Times-Recorder, September 1, 1899.
13. “The Bike Races,” Zanesville Signal, September 1, 1899.
14. “Anderson Is Defeated,” Zanesville Times-Recorder, August 30, 1899.
15. “Her Husband Comes Here,” Zanesville Times-Recorder, September 9, 1899.
16. “Her Husband Comes Here.”
17. “Tillie Has Her Phillie,” Zanesville Times-Recorder, September 11, 1899.
18. “Lizzie Glaw ‘Hurried On,’” Zanesville Times-Recorder, September 11, 1899.
19. “Lizzie Glaw Disabled,” Zanesville Signal, September 13, 1899.
20. “Frightful Accident,” Zanesville Times-Recorder, September 13, 1899.
21. “Lizzie Glaw Disabled.”
22. “Lizzie Glaw Injured in a Race,” Chicago Record, September 13, 1899.
23. “Bicycle Race Has Ended,” Zanesville Recorder, September 18, 1899.
1. “It Is Anderson,” St. Joseph Evening Record, September 24, 1899.
2. “No Races Last Night,” Zanesville Recorder, September 6, 1899.
3. “Tillie’s Side of It,” St. Joseph Daily Gazette, October 4, 1899.
4. “Miss Anderson Non Est,” St. Joseph Daily Gazette, October 7, 1899.
5. “Paced by Motor Cycles,” St. Joseph Daily Herald, October 8, 1899.
6. “Anderson Won the Race,” St. Joseph News, October 9, 1899.
7. “Miss Tillie Anderson Won,” St. Joseph Daily Gazette, October 10, 1899.
8. “A Grand Finish,” Zanesville Times-Recorder, July 10, 1900.
9. “Anderson Claims the Championship,” Burlington (IA) Gazette, October 1, 1900.
10. “Tillie Anderson Must Prove It,” Burlington (IA) Gazette, October 3, 1900.
11. “Anderson Back at Glaw,” Burlington (IA) Gazette, October 4, 1900.
12. “Contest Is Fierce,” Indianapolis Sentinel, December 27, 1900.
13. “Anderson Again in Front,” Indianapolis News, December 28, 1900.
14. “Carries Anderson Off Her Feet in Final Sprint,” Indianapolis Sentinel, December 30, 1900.
15. “Glaw Finished First,” Indianapolis Journal, December 30, 1900.
16. “Carries Anderson Off Her Feet.”
17. “The Bicycle Race,” Indianapolis News, December 31, 1900.
18. “Carries Anderson Off Her Feet,”
19. “Glaw Finished First.”
20. “Contest Is Fierce,” Indianapolis Sentinel, December 27, 1900.
21. “Now It Is Anderson,” Indianapolis Press, December 27, 1900.
22. “Women Riders at Alhambra,” Syracuse Post-Standard, June 4, 1901.
23. “Lizette First in a Close Finish,” Syracuse Evening Telegram, June 5, 1901.
24. “Anderson Was First,” Troy Northern Budget, June 2, 1901.
25. “Speed on a Saucer,” Syracuse Evening Herald, June 4, 1901.
26. “‘They’re Off’ at the Big Six Day Race,” Syracuse Evening Telegram, June 4, 1901.
27. “With the Speed of a Locomotive,” Syracuse Journal, June 5, 1901.
28. “Speed on a Saucer,” Syracuse Evening Herald, June 4, 1901.
29. “Glaw Won the Six Day Race,” Syracuse Post-Standard, June 9, 1901.
30. “Anderson Won the Ten Hour Race,” Syracuse Sunday Herald, June 16, 1901.
1. “Merry Maidens at Star,” St. Paul Daily Globe, March 23, 1902, 20.
2. St. Paul Daily Globe, March 28, 1902.
3. “Arena,” New York Dramatic Mirror, June 14, 1902, 6.
4. “Bloomer Girls Coming,” Syracuse Evening Herald, July 8, 1902, 8.
5. “Sanitary Inspection,” Donaldsville (LA) Chief, February 2, 1911, 4.
6. “Official Death Record,” Chicago Daily Tribune, August 27, 1902, 9.
7. “‘Tillie Anderson’ of Cycling Fame,” Nashville Banner, December 3, 1910.
8. “Eck Is Riverview Trainer,” Motorcycling, April 26, 1915, 47.
9. “Riverview Velodrome,” The Billboard, May 8, 1915, 20.
10. “Jessie’s Past,” Motorcycling, April 26, 1915, 47.
11. “Woman Cyclist Offers to Defend Her Title,” Chicago Daily Tribune, March 7, 1915, 3.
1. “Lady Champion Turns a Stag into Surprise,” Chicago Daily Tribune, September 6, 1941, 9.