Page numbers of illustrations appear in italics.
A
abdominal muscles: breathing and, 6–7, 32–34; concentration, wakefulness, and, 7; diaphragm, use of, 6–7, 29–30; as general manager of all muscular movements, 34–35; mental action and, 34–35; tanden, 7, 28–30, 33, 114, 115n. 2; tension, maintenance of, 7. See also tanden
attachment, 11; “without a shred of clothes,” 76–77
B
beginners in Zen: counting breaths practice, 4–5, 36–37, 98; finding the footprints, 86, 86, 98; posture, alternative position, straddle, 18, 19; starting the search for the ox, 84–85, 84, 97–98; wandering thoughts, prevention of, 5
Being and Time (Heidegger), 117n. 7
breathing, 6–7, 25, 30–37, 39–42; bated breath, 33; beginners, 36–37; consciousness and, 39–40; counting breaths, 4–5, 35–37, 39–40, 98; counting breaths and samadhi, 37–39; diaphragm and abdominal muscles, use of, 6–7, 29–30; exhalation, length of, 41–42; expiratory reserve volume, 31, 32; feeling of sitting on throne of existence, 44; following the breath, 40–42; normal vs. zazen, 32–33; one-minute zazen and inhibition of thoughts, 25–26, 33–34; physiology of, 30–32, 31, 116n. 3; quiet, and quiet mind, 6, 33; residual volume, 30, 31; samadhi, entering, and maximal expiration, 32, 41; throwing strength into the tanden, 33; tidal volume, 31, 31; wandering thoughts, control of and, 29–30, 42–43
Buddha: emptiness and, 14; Four Great Truths, 117n. 7; holiness and, 13–14; kensho and, 106; satori of, 87; zazen as training to be, 85
Buddha Nature, 57–82; absolute samadhi and, 109–10; koan, 58; ox, symbol of, 84, 87–104; story from Hekigan Rokui (Case 40), 77–78; “way of Nansen” and, 69–73
Buddha Vipasyin, 92–93
clothing, worn for zazen, 16
cognition. See thought
consciousness: brilliant condition, 39–40, 59–61, 105–6; chronic habits, 12; cleansing, in samadhi, 45; counting breaths, positive samadhi, and, 38; delusive nature, and ego, 65–66, 68–69, 73; four conditions of mind, 45–56; habitual, loss of, 100, 106; inner, 49–50, 94; levels of, 104–5; outer, 46–49, 94; pure, 3; questioning nature of human, 64–65; root of, finding, 75; self-consciousness (reflection), 50–51; sensation, perception, and, 27; stopped in samadhi, 2, 9, 58–59; stopping of, and Nirvana, 37–38; “thrownness” and, 65, 71, 72, 75, 117n. 7; “topsy-turvy delusive thought,” 38; utilitarian thinking or habitual way of, 2–3, 38, 85, 100, 106; world of differentiation, 11–12, 101; zero level (nothing), 51–52, 57, 59. See also mind; samadhi; thought (cognition)
D
Dharma, 112
Diamond Sutra, 10
E
ego, 9–10; decentralizing of, 67–68; delusive nature of consciousness and, 65–66, 68–69; egoless ego, 10; mature Zen students and, 66; mushin (no mind) and emptiness, 13; petty, 10, 12; vanishing, 93–94
emptiness, 12–14; holiness compared to, 13
enlightenment, 88; Great Death and, 52; ladder Zen, 99; Sakyamuni Buddha’s exclamation upon, 110; sudden or direct satori, 99. See also satori
existence: beauty of nature and, 59–61; Being as veiled in darkness, 9; consciousness and, 61–62; “context of equipment,” 68, 72; decentralization, 66–68; delusive nature of consciousness and, 65–66, 68–69, 73; direct experience of, 73–75; diseases of the mind and, 63–66; humanism and, 67, 73; meaning of life and, 64–65; pure, 3, 9–12, 52, 57–82, 112–13; search for True Nature, 84–85; secret of, grasping, 65; “way of Nansen” and, 69–73; Zen for solving problems of, 4; Zen understanding of, 68–73. See also Buddha Nature
F
freedom: from desire, 11; Great Death and, 52; from life’s problems and death, 74; of mind, 63–64; positive or absolute samadhi and, 38–39
Function of the Human Body (Guyton), 115n. 2, 116n. 3
G
Great Death, 52
Guyton, Arthur C., 115n. 2, 116n. 3
H
Hakuin Ekaku Zenji, 52
“Heaven and earth and I are of the same root,” 77, 89
Heidegger, Martin, 65, 68, 71, 117n. 7
Hekigan Roku, 60, 76, 77, 78, 117n. 6, 117n. 8
J
James, William, 27, 28, 113, 115n.1
Jo Hoshi, 77, 117–18n. 9
K
kensho (realization), 3, 53, 116n. 5; “catching a glimpse of the ox,” 87–89; “catching the ox,” 89, 101; definition of, 101, 112; permanent, 106; pure cognition and, 81–82; Sekida’s, 99–100, 118n. 10; training after, or cultivation of Holy Buddhahood, 11, 88–89; varieties of, 87, 112
koans: Hekigan Roku, 60, 117n. 6; kanna Zen, 116n. 4; on pure existence, 58; Sekida’s translations of, ix, 117n. 6; “way of Nansen,” 69–73
L
love, 108–10
M
mind: breathing and quiet mind, 6; diseases, 61–66; control, 89–90, 103–4; disturbed, zazen to quiet, 98; ego and, 9–10, 13; four conditions of, and samadhi, 45–47, 49–56; mushin (no mind), 13, 112; non-attachment vs. attachment in, 11; “nothing,” 51–52; object of Zen practice and, 53–56; ordinary, 14; posture and stillness of body, stillness of mind, 5–6; pure cognition, 76–81; pure sensation and, 26; sensation vs. perception, 27–28; tanden, mental power and, 28–30, 33–34. See also consciousness; thought (cognition)
mindfulness, 97
N
Not Always So: Practicing the True Spirit of Zen (Suzuki Roshi), viii
O
Osho, 96
P
pathos of things, 107–10
perception, 27
posture, 15–24; alternative position, straddle, 18, 29; chest and shoulders, position of, 20, 22; correct, vertical line and, 19, 20; cushion or pad for, 15, 20; faulty alignment and discomfort, 23; full-lotus position, 16, 17; half-lotus position, 17–18, 17; hand position, 16, 17, 22; hand position, alternative, 16, 17; head and neck position, 21–22; immobility and still mind, 5–6; length of time to maintain, 16; modified Burmese style, 18, 19; motionless body, and samadhi, 22; samadhi, entering and, 24; spine position, 20, 21; tanden, body’s weight and center of stress, 20, 21, 24; triangle base for, 18, 20; waist muscles, use of, 18, 19; waist position, 21
R
realization. See kensho
Rikko Taifu, 76–78
Rinzai Gigen Zenji, 45–46, 94; Zen sect, 116n. 4
S
Sakyamuni Buddha, 87–88, 110, 114
samadhi, 45–56, 113–14, 116n. 4; absolute, 37, 38, 49–50, 51, 59, 60, 74, 82, 105, 109, 111, 114–15; absolute, coming out of, 52–53, 105–6; animal, 48–49, 72; breathing and, 6, 32, 41; children and, 72; consciousness, purifying, 45, 105; consciousness stopped, 2, 4, 9; description of state, 2, 30; entering, 24, 30, 101–3; entering, and maximal expiration, 32, 41; four conditions of mind and, 46–47, 49–56; head, neck position and, 22; language of, 74–75; motionless body and, 22; “nothing” state of mind, no-thought, 51–52, 105; “off-sensation” and, 6, 8–9; ordinary daily life and ultimate aim of Zen practice, 53–56; physiological changes and, 102–3; positive, 37–38, 49, 50, 59, 60, 103–4, 106, 112, 114; posture and, 24; pure cognition and, 82; pure existence and, 3; reflecting action of consciousness and, 51; sleep vs., 52; steps in reaching, 97–106 (see also Zen training); tanden and, 24, 30; true vs. false, 47–48; wakeful, 103–4
satori, 114; ladder Zen and, 99; Sakyamuni Buddha’s, 87–88, 99, 114; sudden and direct, 99
Sekida, Katsuki: creation of Zen Training, ix–x; on Jo Hoshi, 117n. 9; kensho experience, 99–100, 112, 118n. 10; koan translation by, ix, 117n. 6; on positive samadhi, 114; on pure existence, 112–13; samadhi and, viii, x; on samadhi in Zen sects, 116n. 4; on satori, 14; as teacher at Maui Zendo, Hawaii, viii, ix–x; on tension in the tanden, 115n. 2; on “thrownness,” 117n. 7
sensation: one-minute zazen and, 26; perception vs., 27–28, 66–67; “pure,” 26, 27, 113; William James on, 27, 113
Setcho, 78–81
suffering: habitual thinking and, 2–3; pathos of things, 107–10; “thrownness,” 65, 71, 72, 75, 117n. 7
Suzuki Roshi, vii–viii
T
tanden, 7, 114; posture and, 20, 21, 24; samadhi, entering, and, 24, 30; as seat of human spiritual power, 7; tension in, mental and spiritual power resulting from, 28–30, 33, 115n. 2; throwing strength into, 33
Textbook of Psychology (James), 27, 113
thought (cognition): habitual and suffering, 2–3; kensho and, 81–82; negative, how to deal with, 12; one-minute zazen and inhibition of, 26, 28, 33–34; pure cognition, 76–81; samadhi and, 105, 110; sensation and, 78–79, 81; Setcho verse and interpretation, 78–81; subjectivity and objectivity, 80–81; “topsy-turvy delusive thought,” 38, 65, 73, 76; utilitarian or habitual, 2–3, 38, 85, 100, 106; wandering, preventing, 5, 28–30, 43; wandering, types of, 42–43. See also consciousness
“thrownness,” 65, 71, 72, 75, 117n. 7
Transmission of the Dharma, 92–93
True Nature. See Buddha Nature
Two Zen Classics (Sekida), ix, 117n. 6, 117n. 8
W
“without a shred of clothing,” 76–77
world: of differentiation, 11; freedom of mind and, 63–64; state of, troubled, 62; in town with helping hands, 96, 96, 106. See also existence
Z
zazen (sitting Zen), 2, 114; breathing during, 6–7, 30–37, 39–42; clothing for, 16; length of time to maintain motionless posture, 16; motionless
body, samadhi and, 22; one-minute, 25–30; posture, 15–24; quieting a disturbed mind, means of, 98; return to being a Buddha and, 85; samadhi as aim of, 2, 4. See also Zen training
Zen, 114; cultivation of Holy Buddhahood, 11; episode, Joshu and Nansen, 14; existence understood by, 68–69; experiential nature of, 8; Four Great Truths and, 117n. 7; ladder, 99; maturing in, obtaining (see Zen training); maturity in, and ultimate aim of practice, 53–56; Rinzai sect, 116n. 4; saying, “differentiation,” 11–12; saying, “ever shuttling from beginning to end,” 95; saying, “evil thought,” 12; saying, “outside the hall,” 76; saying, “without a shred of clothing,” 76; for solving problems of existence, 4; Soto school, 116n. 4; “subject” and “use,” terms, 70; verse, “last night, two clay bulls. . . ,” 93; “way of Nansen” and, 69–73
Zen Mind, Beginner’s Mind (Suzuki Roshi), viii
Zen training (in search of the missing ox): 1. starting the search for the ox, 84–85, 84, 97–98; 2. finding the footprints, 86, 86, 98; 3. catching a glimpse of the ox, 87–89, 87, 95; 4. catching the ox, 89–90, 99–101; 5. taming the ox, 90–91, 90, 101–2; 6. riding the ox home, 91, 91, 102–3; 7. ox lost, you remain, 92, 92, 103–4; 8. no ox, no you, 93–94, 93, 95, 104–5; 9. returning to the source, 94–96, 94, 105–6; 10. in town with helping hands, 96, 96, 106
Zen Training (Sekida), viii, ix–x, 112, 113, 114, 115, 115n. 2, 116n. 4, 116n. 5, 117n. 7