* A veterans’ organization, the largest of the right-wing paramilitary groupings that sprang up after the First World War and bedevilled the Weimar Republic throughout its brief existence. In 1934 it was assimilated by the Nazis into the SA (Sturm Abteilung, the paramilitary force of the Nazi Party).

* The ‘Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold’ (‘Black, Red, Gold Banner of the Reich’) was a Social Democratic paramilitary force formed during the Weimar Republic in 1924.

* In this spectrum of Weimar politics, this is the right-of-centre ‘Reichswirtschaftspartei’ or ‘Reichspartei des deutschen Mittelstandes’.