Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.
Entries in italics refer to illustrations.
Abel, Lionel, 153
Abraham Lincoln Battalion, 122–23
Abstract Expressionism, 247
Administration for Special Tasks, 174
Agee, James, 154
Ageloff, Hilda, 279
Ageloff, Ruth, 207, 228
Ageloff, Sylvia, 205–7, 228–29, 244–45, 266–67, 270–71, 273, 279–81, 284–85, 290–91
agrarian reform, 18
Akselrod, Yulia (granddaughter), 302
Almazán, Juan, 263
American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky, 15, 17–18, 20–21, 35–40, 50, 153
American Jewish Committee, 299
American Trotskyists, 154, 203, 241, 304–5. See also American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky; Socialist Workers Party; and specific individuals
background of, and split over “Russian question” and dialectical materialism, 207–11, 216–29, 270
merger with Socialist Party, 17
Minneapolis branch, 135–38, 226–28, 277–78
Rivera frescoes at NY headquarters of, 85
tenth anniversary of October Revolution and, 207–8
Trotsky asylum and security in Mexico and, 10–11, 14–17, 31, 121, 125–27, 134, 135, 242
L’Amour fou, (Breton), 159
anarchists, 123, 144
Andreas, Evelyn, 267–71, 283
anti-Communism, 301
anti-Semitism, 25–26
anti-Stalinist left, 148, 152–59
anti-Trotsky protests, 3, 19–20, 250–51
Archangel, British and French occupation of, 22
Arenal, Leopoldo, 250, 253, 259–60, 265
Arenal, Luís, 248, 250, 252, 259–60
art and politics, 64–65, 82, 149–52, 157–58, 161–62, 165, 168. See also specific artists
“Art and Politics in Our Epoch” (Trotsky), 157–58
Artists in Uniform (Eastman), 150
Associated Press, 94
Austria, 22
Nazi occupation (Anschluss), 177, 202–3
authoritarianism, 301. See also centralism
automobile strikes of 1937, 241
Avenida Viena house, 172–73, 195
NKVD attack on, 250, 252–55
purchased by Mexican government as Leon Trotsky Museum, 293, 295–96
security at, 237–44, 255–58, 262–66, 278–79
Axelrod, Pavel, 214, 217
Balzac, Honoré de, 148
Barbarossa, Operation, 212
Barcelona, May Days of 1937, 123, 125, 246, 249, 272
Barychkin (GPU agent), 101
Beals, Carleton, 41, 47–48, 50
Bell, Daniel, 154
Bellow, Saul, 305–6
Beltrán, General, 15–16
Bely, Andrei, 150
Benitez, Melquiades (handyman), 283,
Beria, Lavrenti, 174–75, 177, 250, 294
Bill (Minneapolis guard), 135–38
Birney, Earle, 126
Blue House, 110, 121–23, 121, 132–39, 172, 182, 237, 249
becomes Museo Frida Kahlo, 296
Trotsky and Natalia arrive at, 29–39
Blumkin, Yakov, 120, 145–46
Bolshevik old guard
death of Lenin and, 192–93
rehabilitation of, by Gorbachev, 303–4
Stalin executions and imprisonment of, 9, 33–35, 78, 83, 109, 133, 177
Bolshevik Party, 8
dictatorship of the proletariat and, 44–45
first decade of power, 149
formation of, with split in Social Democrats of 1903, 214–15, 227
Kronstadt rebellion and, 51–53
Trotsky draws line between Stalinism and, 51–52
Trotsky joins, 26, 45
Trotsky’s late embrace of, 89
Bolshevik Revolution. See Revolution of October 1917
Bolshevik-Leninists (Trotskyists), 203–4, 208, 212, 224–25. See also American Trotskyists; Fourth International; Mexican League; Socialist Workers Party; Trotskyists
“bourgeous individualism,” 150
Braque, Georges, 78, 246
Bravo, Manuel Alvarez, 167
Bread (Tolstoy), 151
Brenner, Anita, 18, 248
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918), 22
Breton, André, 147–48, 158–67, 170, 172–73
Brezhnev, Leonid, 295
Britain, Battle of, 266. See also Great Britain
Bronstein, Lev Davidovich (Trotsky’s original name). See Trotsky, Leon
Bronstein, Zina (daughter by first mar-ririage). See Volkova, Zinaida “Zina”
Bronstein, Alexander (brother), 108
Bronstein, Elizaveta (sister), 108
Bronstein, Nina (daughter by first marriage), 77–78, 103
children of, 108
Buchman, Alexander. See Young, Al
Buckley, William F., Jr., 301
Bukharin, Nikolai, 83, 85, 96, 133–34, 194, 304
Bulletin of the Opposition, 8, 62, 98, 102, 116, 139, 142–43, 178
“bureaucratic collectivism” (Stalinist bureaucracy), 10, 179, 211, 301
Burgess, Guy, 144
Burnham, James, 153, 209–11, 213, 221–23, 227, 271–72, 280, 301
Caldwell, Sylvia, 298
Calles, Plutardo Elias, 18–19
Calverton, V. F, 153
Camacho, Manuel Avila, 262–63, 296–97
Cambridge spy ring, 144–45
Canfield, Cass, 184
Cannon, James (“Martin”), 126, 145, 209–11, 223, 225–28, 242, 262, 266, 269–70, 272, 293, 297–98, 301
capitalism, 204, 282–83
art and literature in, 157–58
permanent revolution theory and, 45–46
Trotsky predicts deathblow to, in WW II, 10
Cárdenas, Lázaro, 9, 248
aftermath of Trotsky’s death and, 296
asylum for Trotsky and, 15, 18–20, 28, 86, 93, 121, 124
elections of 1940 and, 171, 262–63
oil nationalized by, 169–70
Trotsky assassination investigation and, 257
Carmen (cook), 256, 257
Carter, Joseph, 210–11
Casas, Jesús Rodriguez, 64, 70, 93, 235, 237, 255–56, 259
Catalonia purge of 1937 in, 123–25, 144, 246, 249, 272
uprising of 1934, 206
Central Committee (Soviet Communist Party). See also Politburo
end of WW I and, 22
expels Trotsky from Politburo after attack on Stalin, 97, 178
Reiss and, 140
Stalin brought into, 187
Trotsky open letter to, on Zina’s death, 106
Trotsky overruled by, 26–27
centralism, 45, 214–15, 227
Chamberlain, John R., 49
Chambers, Whittaker, 181
Cheka, 114. See also GPU; NKVD
China, 203
Chupicuaro sculptures, 161
Cirque Moderne (Petrograd), 75–77, 88
class struggle, 54, 219
Cohen, Elliot, 153
Cold War, 144
Cold War liberals, 154, 301
collectivization, 46–47, 150
Collins, Alan, 182, 187–88, 195, 196
Comintern (Communist International; Third International), 10, 16, 83, 85, 123, 155, 203, 208–9, 249, 251, 274.
See also Fourth International Presidium of 1922–23, 209
Commentary, 154
communism. See also specific countries and parties art and literature and, 149, 150
Eastman breaks with, 156
Gide breaks with, 160
Stalin opposes alternatives to Soviet, 123
Communist League of America (original American Trotskyist group), 126, 209
Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels), 219, 300
Communist parties (international)
anti-Trotsky propaganda and, 3, 30–31
support progressive and antifascist causes, 16
Spanish civil war and, 122–23
Communist Party of the Soviet Union. See also Central Committee; Politburo
20th Congress of 1956, 294
art and literature and, 149–50
Bukharin and right wing of, 133
economic experiment and NEP, 46 end of WW I and, 22
Trotsky expelled from, 8, 28
Trotsky vs. political enemies in, 26–27, 34–35
Communist Party of the United States, 16, 39, 43, 152–53, 205, 209, 219–20, 250, 298
Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM), 19, 43, 257
Contreras, Carlos (nom de guerre of Vittorio Vidali), 247–49, 251
“Conversations in Pátzcuaro” (proposed book), 164–65
Cooper, Jake, 5, 253, 298
Cornell, Charles, 5, 241, 253–54, 256–57, 260, 266, 284, 286–88, 290
Crane, Hart, 247
Cuba, 295
Cubism, 78, 158, 246
Cuernavaca, 161, 276
Czechoslovakia, 22, 295
Nazi occupation of, 177, 202, 228
Dadaism, 147, 158
Daily Worker, The, 157
Dalí, Salvador, 159
Metamorphosis of Narcissus, 159
Dandy, Dr. Walter, 290
Darkness at Noon (Koestler), 35
Dartmouth College, Orozco mural cycle, 163
Day of the Dead celebration, 74
Dead Souls (Gogol), 148
“Death Agony of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International, The” (Trotsky), 204
“Degenerate Art” exhibition, 160
democracy, 53
Detroit Institute of Arts, Rivera frescoes, 83, 86
Dewey, John, 17, 38–40, 49–51, 53–54, 134, 153, 218, 219–20
Dewey Commission (Commission of Inquiry into the Charges Made Against Leon Trotsky in the Moscow Trials), 37–40
hearings in Mexico, 40–49, 42, 55, 57, 61, 111, 122, 155, 207, 250, 305
European branch of, 148
Lyova and, 111–12, 116
New York hearings, 49–53
proceedings published, 182
verdict of, 53–54, 98, 116, 134
dialectical materialism, 217–23, 225–27, 234, 270, 272, 283
Díaz, Porfirio, 78
dictatorship of the proletariat, 44–46, 53
Dies, Martin, 250–51
Dissent, 154
Dobbs, Farrell, 228, 239, 243–44, 262, 264–66, 269–70, 275, 278, 291–92, 297–98
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 148, 149, 163
Dreyfus, Alfred, 38–39, 50
Duck, Operation (Utka), 174–78, 200, 245, 250, 271, 295
Dunne brothers, 135
Dupee, F.W., 154
Duranty, Walter, 36, 193
Dutren, Dr., 287–88
Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 194
Eastern Europe, 293
Eastern Review, 148
Eastman, Crystal, 218
Eastman, Eliena, 234
Eastman, Max, 49, 90–91, 130, 139, 150, 156, 168, 184, 193, 233–34, 238, 301
dispute over Marxist theory and split in Trotskyists, 216–22, 234
Ehrenburg, Ilya, 87
Eisenstein, Sergei, 76, 82
Eitingon, Leonid, 200, 206, 245, 250, 271, 287, 295
Eliot, T. S., 152
Emil. See also Hansen, Emil
Encounter, 154
“End of Socialism in Russia, The” (Eastman), 156
“end justifies the means” idea, 54. See also Marxism
Engels, Friedrich, 77, 85, 129, 166, 219, 298
Enjoyment of Poetry (Eastman), 218
En Route (newspaper), 24
Estonia, 2, 222
Étienne. See Zborowski, Mark
Eugene Debs Column, 134
Excelsior (Mexican daily), 172
Extraordinary Adventures of Julio Jurenito and His Disciples, The (Ehrenburg), 87
Farrell, James T., 61, 89–90, 153–55
fascism, 157, 211–12, 248, 282–83. See also Germany, Nazi
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 265, 282, 297–300
Felipe. See Grigulevich, Iosif
“fellow travelers,” 150, 154–55
Fernández, Carlos, 131
Fernández, Graciela, 131
Fernández, Mama, 131
Fernández, Mario, 131
Fernández, Octavio, 131
Fernández, Ofelia, 131
Fernández family, 127, 131, 138
Finerty, John, 41, 47
Finland, 2
Soviet invasion of, 223–27
Five-Year Plans, 150
Flaubert, Gustave, 154
Ford, Edsel, 83
Formalism, 149
Fourth International (Trotskyists), 10, 73, 85, 87, 114, 139, 141–42, 157, 203–4, 207–9, 291, 293–94
founding congress (1938), 168, 204, 206–9
Natalia resigns from, 294
Rivera resigns from, 171–73
France, 2, 14, 18, 56
Lyova’s exile and death in, 109–19
Russian civil war and, 22
Spanish civil war and, 123, 153
Trotsky’s exile in, 8, 33, 58, 91, 109, 120, 139, 148, 181, 195
WW I and, 21
WW II and, 202, 269
Franco, Gen. Francisco, 10, 122, 123, 203, 206
Frankel, Jan, 40, 42, 56–58, 63–64, 93, 120–22, 121, 125–26, 137, 144–46, 168, 173, 182, 184–85, 195, 200, 228, 292
French Communist Party, 49, 148, 201
French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 158
French Trotskyists, 102, 118, 141, 203
Freud, Sigmund, 158, 160, 166
Futurism, 149, 158
Futuro (Mexican weekly), 257, 274
Garrett, Manny, 225
General Drivers Local 574, 135
German Communists, 41, 49, 52
German Social Democrats, 203
Germany, Nazi, 2–3, 8, 16, 108, 160, 177, 197, 201–3, 248, 251, 266, 269, 282, 301, 305
oil and, 169
Poland invaded by and, 211–13
Spanish civil war and, 122
Germany, pre-Nazi, 8, 41, 46, 49, 133
Lyova in, 102–3, 108
WW I and, 22
Gershwin, George, 247
Gide, André, 62, 160
glasnost, 303–4
Glazer, Nathan, 154
Glotzer, Albert, 103, 105, 304–6
Goethe, 149
Gogol, Nikolai, 148
Goldman, Albert, 41–43, 262, 274–75, 282, 297–98
Goncharov, Ivan, 148
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 303–4
Gorky, Maxim, 187, 231
GPU. See NKVD
Great Britain, 2, 18 133
Mexican oil boycott, 169
Russian civil war and, 22, 27
Spanish civil war and, 123
WW I and, 21
WW II and, 202, 266, 282
Great Depression, 10, 83, 204
Great Terror, 9, 62, 107, 151, 177, 210, 294
Greenberg, Clement, 154
Grigulevich, Iosif (“Felipe”), 249–53, 259, 295
Gris, Juan, 78
Guadalajara
Siqueiros and, 247
trip of 1938, 91–92
trip with Breton and visit to Orozco, 162–64, 166
Guerrero, Xavier, 81
Hansen, Emil (Minneapolis guard), 135–38, 298
Hansen, Joe, 73–74, 77, 91–92, 94, 99, 115–18, 126–32, 135, 138, 162–63, 167–68, 185, 189–90, 202, 222, 226, 242, 264–66, 272–78, 283–92, 301
Hansen, Reba, 130
Harper’s, 156, 221
Harte, Jesse Sheldon, 256, 260
Harte, Robert Sheldon “Bob” (“Bob Shields,” “Amur”), 1, 6–8, 243–44, 251–62, 297
Harvard University, Trotsky archives at, 303
Hegel, Georg W. F., 218–19, 221
Hernández, Néstor Sánchez, 258–59
Herring, Hubert, 201, 272
Hidalgo, Antonio, 73, 91, 94, 172
Hidalgo, El (train), 15, 21, 28
Hill, Joe, 17
History of the Russian Revolution, The (Trotsky), 156, 179–81, 184, 217, 220, 305
Hitler, Adolf, 2, 108, 123, 160, 177, 197, 201–3, 211–12, 241, 282
O’Gorman caricatures of, 169–70
Homage to Catalonia (Orwell), 125
Hook, Sidney, 39, 50, 153–54, 219–21, 301
Hoover Archives, 303
Houdini, Harry, 35
Howe, Irving, 154
L’Humanité (French newspaper), 49
Idols Behind Altars (Brenner), 248
industrialization, 46, 85–86
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 209
“Intellectuals in Retreat, The” (Shachtman and Burnham), 222
International Brigade, 10, 122–23, 247–48, 259
International Congress of Red Trade Unions (Moscow, 1928), 247
International Federation of Independent Revolutionary Artists, 165–66
Introduction to Philosophical Analysis (Burnham), 210
Iskra (radical newspaper), 66, 214, 228
Italy, 122, 169, 203
Iztaccíhuatl volcano trip, 91–92
Izvestiia, 31, 192
“J’accuse” (Zola), 39
Jacson, Frank. See Mercader, Ramón
Japan, 133, 143, 203
Jews, 25, 88, 143, 155
Russian, emigrate to U.S., 302
“Joe Hill” (song), 17
John Reed Club, 152
Joyce, James, 152
Kafka, Franz, 154
Kahlo, Cristina, 57, 73, 93, 126
affair with Rivera, 61
Trotsky propositions, 72
Kahlo, Frida, 60, 276
affair with Trotsky, 58–61, 63–65, 70, 73, 171
artworks of, 59, 167
Blue House and, 30, 296
Breton and, 159, 162, 164
death of, 296
Fulang-Chang and I painting, 59–60
Henry Ford Hospital painting, 59
illness of, 57, 59, 92–93
meets Trotsky, 14, 16–17, 29
Rivera and, 80, 88–89, 91–92, 171
self-portrait of, dedicated to Trotsky, 71, 173
Trotsky-Rivera dispute and, 167–69, 171–73
Kamenev, Lev (brother-in-law), 9, 16, 91, 96, 108, 176, 187, 191, 194, 304
Kameneva, Olga (sister), 108
Katyn Forest Massacre, 212
“Kay, Mr.,” 266
Kazakhstan, Trotsky’s exile in, 8, 101–3
Kazan, Battle of, 22–23, 25, 232
Kerensky, Alexander, 180
KGB archives, 115. See also NKVD
Khrushchev, Nikita, 33, 294, 304
Kirov, Sergei, 62, 176
Kishkin (GPU agent), 100
Klement, Rudolf, 139, 142–43, 204
Kluckhohn, Frank, 47–48, 50
Klyman, Julius, 240
Koestler, Arthur, 35
Komsomol (CommunistYouth League), 99
Konovalets, Yevkhen, 177
Korean War, 294
Kozlov (orderly), 27
Kravchenko, Victor, 299
Krestinsky, Nikolai, 187
Kristol, Irving, 154
Krivitsky, Walter, 140–43, 146, 200, 274, 299
Kronstadt rebellion (1921), 51–54
Krupskaya, Nadezhda (wife of Lenin), 197, 231, 233
Labor Action, 126
Laborde, Hernán, 20,
labor movement, 16, 18–20, 85–86, 135, 209, 246–47. See also specific organizations and strikes
La Follette, Suzanne, 39, 41, 49
Lamba, Jacqueline (wife of Breton), 159–60, 162, 164–65
Lasky, Melvin, 154
Latvia, 2, 222
left. See also specific individuals; organizations; and parties
American, 35, 154, 282
Mexican, 19
non-Communist, Soviet persecution of, 153
Left Opposition (Trotsky-led, in Soviet Union), 82–84, 89, 96–97, 99, 104, 106, 123, 150, 178, 201, 203, 216, 218, 233
Léger, Fernand, 246
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, 61, 77, 81, 82, 133, 166, 208, 213, 192, 298, 304
art and literature and, 149
death of, and succession struggle, 8, 46, 191–94, 196–98, 216, 230–31, 233
health obsession of, 188
political repression and, 51, 87
Rivera murals depicting, 84–85
Russian Revolution and reconciliation with Trotsky, 8, 21, 44, 215–16, 218, 230–33
secret testament of, on Stalin, 96–97, 218, 233–34
Stalin and, 186–88, 196
Trotsky splits with, 45, 89, 214–15, 227–28
Trotsky meets, in London, 66, 231
Trotsky and, 26–27, 189
Trotsky as successor to, 157
Trotsky’s veneration of, 230–33
Trotsky’s writings depicting, 2, 30, 180–81, 192
What Is to Be Done? pamphlet of, 219
WW I and, 22
Leninism, 153, 156. See also Bolshevik-Leninists; Marxism-Leninism
“Lenin is no more” (Trotsky), 192
“Leon Sedov—Son, Friend, Fighter” (Trotsky), 117
Leon Trotsky Museum (Coyoacán), 297
liberals, 16, 18, 35, 37–38, 49–50, 53, 152–54, 157
Liberator, The (magazine), 218
Lieber, Max, 181
Life, 197–98, 299
Life Is with People (Zborowski), 299
Lipset, Seymour Martin, 154
Literature and Revolution (Trotsky), 149–50, 155, 164–65
Lithuania, 2, 222
Liushkov, Genrikh, 143–45
Lockhart, Bruce, 76–77
Lombardo Toledano, Vicente, 257, 253, 274
Los Angeles Plaza Arts Center, Siqueiros mural whitewashed at, 247
Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 213–14, 216, 231
Macdonald, Dwight, 155–57, 282–83
Machete, El (newspaper), 81, 246
MacLean, Donald, 144
Magnitogorsk steel plant, 150
Malraux, André, 160
Managerial Revolution, The (Burnham), 301
Manifesto of Surrealism (Breton), 158
Mannerheim Line, 223
Mao Zedong, 294
Marin, Frederico, 65
Martin, Kingsley, 34
Martov, Julius, 214, 217
Marx, Karl, 41, 77, 81, 84–85, 129, 160, 166, 203–4, 298
Orozco murals depicting, 164
Marx and Lenin (Eastman), 219–20
Marxism, 19, 154, 218–19
anti-Stalinist, 153–56
dialectical materialism and, 217–23, 225–27, 234, 270, 272, 283
liberal and radical disillusionment with, 271–72, 293–94, 300–303
“end justifies the means” and, 54
fascism and capitalism in, 282–83
historical materialism and, 54, 219
literature and, 148, 152–53
“permanent revolution” and Bolshevik Revolution, 45–46
Rivera and, 81
“socialism in one country” and, 46
Trotsky’s belief in, 43–44, 305–6
Trotsky’s writings and, 180
Marxism-Leninism, 10
Marxists, lifestyle of, 129
Masses (socialist magazine), 218
McCarthy, Senator Joseph, 155, 250, 301
McCarthy, Mary, 154
Mead, Margaret, 299
“Means and Ends” (Dewey), 54
Mein Kampf (Hitler), 203
Menorah Journal, 153
Mensheviks, 180, 214–17, 227–28, 273, 280, 301
Mercader, Caridad (“Mother”), 205–6, 244, 287–88, 295
Mercader, Luis, 295
Mercader, Pablo, 206
Mercader, Ramón (“Jacques Mornard” “Raymond,” “Frank Jacson”) assassinates Trotsky, 282, 284–92, 295
meets Trotskyists and penetrates household, 205–7, 229, 244–46, 266–71, 273, 279–81
recruited, 146
release of, and award from Brezhnev, 294–95
Mexican Communist Party, 3, 7, 19–20, 30, 43, 64, 71–72, 81–83, 120, 124, 160, 173, 246–47, 251, 253, 259, 275, 296
Mexican Electricians’ Union, Siqueiros mural, 248–49
Mexican League (Trotskyists), 167–68, 170–71
Mexican Ministry of Education, Rivera frescoes, 79–80, 84
Mexican muralist movement, 79–80, 86, 246
Mexican National Palace, Rivera mural, 83
Mexican police, 138, 255, 265
Mexican Revolution, 17–18, 78–79, 163, 246
Mexican secret police, 7–8, 254–61, 279
Mexican trade unions, 124
Mexico. See also specific cities and sites asylum granted to Trotsky, 9, 13–20, 28–29, 29, 48, 111, 120–21
NKVD and, post—Spanish civil war, 10
presidential election of 1940, 262–63
Rivera frescoes and, 79–80
Spanish civil war and, 123–24
Mexico City airport O’Gorman murals, 169–70
Palace of Fine Arts Rivera mural, 85–86
Militant (Trotskyist paper), 220
Milton, Harry (Wolf Kupinsky), 125–26, 134, 137
Mink, George “the Butcher,” 124–25, 137
Minneapolis truckers’ strike of 1934, 135, 264, 277–78
Modernism, 149, 152, 160–62
Modern Monthly, 153
Molinier, Jeanne Martin (lover and widow of Lyova), 98, 102, 108–9, 112, 118, 186
Molinier, Raymond, 102
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 194
Morris, George L. K., 153
Morrow, Felix, 298
Moscow Red Army Club, Rivera fresco, 82
Moscow show trials, 153, 160, 176–77, 294
(1936, first), 8–9, 14–17, 31–38, 61, 109, 120–22, 140
(1937, second), 32–49, 111, 113, 208, 275
(1938, third) “Trial of the 21,” 133–34, 211
Dewey Commission verdict on, 53–54
families of defendants threatened, 51
French commission of inquiry into, 148
poisoning accusations and, 197
Trotsky attempts to write book on, 181–82
Moustakis, Chris, 138
Múgica, Francisco, 93, 169–70, 172
Munich Agreement, 202
Murmansk, British and French occupation of, 22
Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) Rivera show, 83
Siqueiros and “Twenty Centuries of Mexican Art” show, 265
Mussolini, Benito, 123
O’Gorman caricatures of, 169–70
My Life (Trotsky), 179–80, 182–84, 191–92
“Myth of the Dialectic, The” (Wilson), 221–22
Nadja (Breton), 158
Nation, The, 37, 157
National Review, 301
Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact (1939), 2–3, 197, 201–3, 211–12, 248, 251, 305
NEP (New Economic Policy), 46
New Deal, 16, 152, 204, 212, 301
New International (journal), 210, 222
New Masses, 152, 153, 157, 247, 248
New Republic, The, 37, 157
New Statesman, The, 34
New Workers’ School, Rivera murals, 85
New York intellectuals, 152–55. See also Partisan Review
New York National Guard, 134
New York Times, The, 36, 47–50, 96, 172, 193
Nicholas II, czar of Russia, 215
1984 (Orwell), 301
Nin, Andrés, 123, 137, 144–45, 249, 299
NKVD (Soviet secret police, formerly GPU), 7, 37, 39, 53, 62–63, 70, 82, 93–94, 98–100. See also specific individuals and operations
arrests of agents by Stalin, 178
art and culture and, 161
death of Lyova and, 139–43
defectors murdered abroad by, 124, 140–43
FBI and, 298
French Trotskyists and, 141, 204–5
“Horse” network of, and Siqueiros May 1940 attempt on Trotsky, 246–55
infiltrates Trotsky Mexican residence as security, 244
“Mother” network of, and August 1940 assassination of Trotsky, 206–7, 244–46, 266–71, 273, 290, 292
murder of Nin and POUM and, 249
Orlov’s defection from, 144–46
Orlov’s revelations about, 299
Orlov warns Trotsky of assassination attempt by, 198–200
poisonings by, 197
purges of, 133
Rivera and, 172
Spanish civil war and, 10, 122–24, 172, 206–7, 251, 257
Trotsky assassination planned by, on order from Stalin, 137, 174–78, 200, 229, 244–61, 274
Trotsky inner circle penetrated by, 111–15, 117–18, 120
Noguchi, Isamu, 64
Norway, 8–9, 13–14, 43, 58, 86, 91, 109–10, 120, 181, 195
Novack, George, 15–17, 20, 29–30, 220
Obregón, Alvaro, 79, 246
O’Brien, Fanny, 202
O’Brien, Irish, 202
October (Eisenstein film), 82
October Revolution. See Russian Revolution of October 1917
O’Gorman, Juan, 168–70, 172
Mexico City airport murals, 169–70
oil nationalization, 169, 251
On Lenin (Trotsky), 148
Orlov, Alexander (“Stein”), 143–46, 198–200, 249–50, 299–300
Orozco, José Clemente, 79, 162–64, 246, 297
Creative Man mural, 163
Rebellion of Man mural, 163–64
Spanish Conquest of Mexico mural, 163
Orr, Charles, 272–73
Orr, Mrs. Charles, 272–73
Orwell, George, 125, 301
Our Political Tasks (Trotsky), 215
pacifism, 282
Pan-American committee, 172–73
Paris. See also France
Lyova flees to exile in, 108
Rivera in, 78–79
Trotskyist movement in, 8
Partisan Review, 152–57, 166, 221–22, 282–83, 300–301
Party of Workers and Peasants (Mexican), 171
perestroika, 303
permanent revolution, theory of, 45–46
Petersburg (Bely), 150
Petrograd Soviet, 180, 215
Petrograd (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Russian civil war and, 23, 27–28, 232
Russian Revolution and, 8, 75–77, 179–80, 215–16, 218
“petty bourgeois,” 223, 225–27, 272
“Petty-Bourgeois Opposition in the Socialist Workers Party, A” (Trotsky) 223
Philby, Kim, 144
Phillips, William, 152–55
Picasso, Pablo, 78
“Pit and the Pendulum, The” (Poe), 35
Planet without a Visa (French Surrealist political tract), 148
Poe, Edgar Allan, 35
pogroms, 25
Poland, 133
Nazi invasion of, 2, 197, 202, 211–12
Soviet invasion and occupation of, 211–13, 222
Politburo, 9, 187–88 (Communist Party of the Soviet Union). See also Central Committee
succession struggle after death of Lenin and, 191–92, 197
Trotsky’s expulsion from, 9, 96–97
Pollock, Jackson, 247
Popocatépetl (El Popo), 91, 161, 269
Popular, El (Mexican daily), 257, 274, 283
Popular Front, 16, 19, 37, 122–23, 152–53, 158, 206
POUM (Workers’ Party of Marxist Unification, Catalonia), 123, 125, 144, 249, 272
“Pour un Art Révolutionnaire Indépen-dant” (Breton and Rivera), 165
pragmatism, 220–21
Pravda, 31–32, 133, 192
pre-Columbian sculpture, 161
press, 14, 30, 34, 41, 47–48, 50, 53, 240–41, 250–51, 257, 274–76
proletarian culture, 149–50, 152
Proletcult (literary group), 149
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, 25–26
Proust, Marcel, 152
psychoanalysis, 158–60
Public Interest, The, 154
Pujol, Antonio, 248, 252
Pushkin, Alexander, 149
Pyatakov, Yuri, 32, 43, 97
Radek, Karl, 33, 89
radicals, 152–56, 218. See also left
Rahv, Philip, 152–55, 157
Rainbolt, Ray (“Rainman”), 277–78, 280, 298
Rakovsky, Christian, 31
Ray, Man, portrait of Breton, 166
Reagan, Ronald, 301
Red Army, 100
civil war and, 8, 22–28, 52, 151, 213, 232
Kronstadt rebellion and, 52–53
purges of, 51, 177
WW II and, 2, 213, 222–24
Red Book on the Moscow Trial, The (Sedov), 110
Red Guards, 23, 216
Red Terror, 51
Reed, John, 75, 216, 218
Reiss, Ignace, 113–15, 124, 140–43, 145
retablos (votive offerings), 161–62, 167
“retreat of the intellectuals,” 156, 173, 222
revisionism, 129, 211, 220–22, 294
Revolution Betrayed, The (Trotsky), 139, 181–82, 211, 221
“revolution from above,” 46
Révolution surréaliste, La (journal), 148
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 201
“Right Danger” campaign, 83
“Right-Trotskyist Bloc,” 133
Rivera, Diego, 9, 14, 57, 169, 246
affair with Cristina Kahlo, 61
arranges asylum for Trotsky, 17–20, 29–30, 71, 73–74, 84, 86
assassination attempt vs., 20, 92
becomes Trotskyist, 83
Breton visit to Trotsky and, 159, 161–65
death of Trotsky’s son Lyova and, 94–95
Detroit Industry mural, 83
financial support and aid to Trotsky, 92–95, 121, 126, 132, 181, 185
first wife of, 65
Frida Kahlo and, 59
Frida Kahlo’s affair with Trotsky and, 60–61, 64
friendship and tensions with Trotsky, 87–89, 91–93
friendship with Trotsky unravels, 147, 167–73, 195
History of Mexico, The, mural, 82–83
life of, after Trotsky’s death, 296–97
Man at the Crossroads mural, 85–86
meets Stalin, 82
MOMA show of 1931, 83
Orozco and, 163
Portrait of America mural, 85
Rockefeller Center murals of, destroyed, 83–86, 157, 169–70
Siqueiros and, 247
Trotsky and artwork of, 86, 157
works and revolutionary themes of, 59, 78–86, 80
Robespierre, 215
Robins, Harold, 5, 228–29, 241–43, 253–54, 257, 264, 272, 276, 278, 284, 286, 288, 290, 302–3
Robins, Mrs., 242–43
Rochfort, Desmond, 248
Rockefeller, Nelson, 84
Rockefeller Center, Rivera murals destroyed, 83–86, 157, 169–70
Rolland, Romain, 62
Romanovs, fall of, 45, 75, 179
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 16–17, 20, 152, 204, 240
Rorty, James, 153
Rosenthal, Gérard, 141
Rosmer, Alfred, 49, 201, 204, 242, 245, 254, 266–69, 280
Rosmer, Marguerite, 201, 242, 245, 254, 266–69, 280
Ross, Edward Alsworth, 49–50
Rubio, Pascual Ortiz, 16
Rudzutak, Yan, 194
Rühle, Otto, 41, 49
Russia, czarist, 25–26. See also Russian Revolution of October 1917; Soviet Union
Revolution of 1905, 215
Revolution of February 1917 and Provisional Government of, 22, 45, 180, 215–16
WW I and, 22–23
“Russian question,” as workers’ state, 210–13
Russian Revolution of October 1917 (Bolshevik Revolution), 8, 26, 44–47, 53, 73–78, 156, 179–80, 204, 210, 213, 216–18, 231–32. See also Bolsheviks; Mensheviks; Soviet Union; and specific organizations and individuals
civil war following, 21–28, 46, 51, 213, 232, 294
Lyova and, 99
Trotsky as hero of, 2, 21–22, 75–77
Trotsky history of, 1–2, 156, 179–81
WW I and, 10, 21–22
Russian Social Democrats 2nd congress of (Brussels, London) and Bolshevik-Menshevik split, 214–15, 227
Ruth (oil tanker), 13–14
Sacco and Vanzetti, 38, 41
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 240
St. Petersburg, Russia. See Petrograd
Salazar, Leandro Sánchez, 7, 254–55, 257–61, 290–92, 296
Samara, Battle of, 22
San Francisco
Art Institute (formerly California School of Fine Arts), Rivera murals, 83
Stock Exchange Tower Rivera murals, 83
maritime strikes, 126
Schapiro, Meyer, 148
Schultz, Ann, 268–69
Schultz, Dorothy, 264, 268–71, 292, 298
Schultz, Hank, 264, 268–69, 277–78, 285, 292, 298
Schüssler, Otto, 241–42, 245, 253, 256–57, 272
Schüssler, Trude, 241–42, 245
Schwartz, Delmore, 154
Second International (Socialist), 155
Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, The (Orlov), 299
Sedition Act (U.S., 1918), 218
Sedov, Leon (grandson), 109
Sedov, Lev “Lyova” (son), 43, 56, 61–62, 78
affair with Jeanne Molinier, 102, 109
death of, 94–99, 111–19, 132, 139, 142, 182, 186, 197, 276, 300
death of Lenin and, 194
edits Bulletin of the Opposition, 101
exile of, in Berlin, 102–3
exile of, in France, 109–15, 124
exile of, in Turkey, and denial of Soviet visa to return, 99–103
Fourth International and, 204
Moscow show trials and, 110–11, 133–34
nephew Seva and, 109, 198
relationship with Trotsky, 276–77
spied on, by GPU, 124
stepsister Zina and, 104–5
Trotsky’s autobiography and history and, 101
Trotsky’s exile in Mexico and, 120–21
wife Anna left in USSR, 101
wife Anna arrested and murdered, in USSR, 108–9
writes Red Book on Moscow Trial, 110
Zborowski befriends in Paris, and spies on, 139–43
Sedov, Sergei (brother-in-law), 108
Sedov, Sergei “Seryozha” (son), 61–62, 69, 99–101
arrest and death of, 62–63, 77–78, 177, 197, 276, 294, 302
daughterYulia, emigrates to U.S., 302
rehabilitated by Gorbachev, 304
Sedova, Anna (Lyova’s wife), 108–9
Sedova, Natalia Ivanovna (Lyova’s second wife), 29, 110, 242, 274
alleged early affair of, 65–66, 68–69
assassination attempt and, 4–7, 253–55, 258–60
assassination witnessed by, 282–92
children of, 42
death of, 295
Dewey hearings and, 41
exile of, in Turkey, France, and Norway, 9, 109–10, 217
Frida Kahlo and, 59–60, 71
grandson Seva and, 118, 201
“Jacson,” or Ramon, and, 267–71, 280–81
life of, after death of Trotsky, 293–94, 305
life of, in Mexico, 2, 9, 13–15, 28–29, 58, 73–74, 127–32, 160, 162–64, 170–71, 182, 189, 243, 275–76
life with Trotsky in Russia and, 97, 178, 191–92, 194
meets and marries Trotsky, 66–70
resigns from Fourth International, 293–94
security in Mexico and, 93–94, 134–36, 138, 199, 241–43, 265, 277, 280
son Lyova and, 94–101, 111–12, 114–18, 139
son Seryozha’s uncertain fate and, 61–63, 77–78
stepdaughter Zina and, 104–6
stepson Seva and, 105
stormy relationship of, with Trotsky, 64–65, 67–70, 89–91, 118–19
Trotsky’s affair with Frida and, 60–61, 63–65, 67–68, 70–71
Trotsky’s will and, 230, 234–35
Serge, Victor, 111, 142–43, 156
Serrano, David, 275
Shachtman, Max, 14, 16–17, 19–20, 31, 36, 204, 209–10, 213, 220, 222–23, 226–28, 271–72, 280, 301, 305
Shaw, George Bernard, 62, 180
Shields, Bob. See Harte, Robert Sheldon
Simbirsk, Battle of, 22–23, 232
Siqueiros, Angelique Arenal, 248
Siqueiros, David Alfaro, 79, 81, 86, 163
assassination attempt by, on Trotsky, 252–55, 257, 259, 264–66, 275, 278, 281
Chapultepec Castle mural, From the Dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz to the Revolution, 297
L.A. Plaza Arts Center Tropical America mural, 247
Mexican Electricians’ Union mural Portrait of the Bourgeoisie, 248–49
NKVD and revolutionary activities of, in Mexico and Spain, 246–50, 250
Orozco murals and, 164
trial and life of, after death of Trotsky, 296–97
Smith Act (1940), 298
Sneevliet, Henk, 140–43, 145
social democratic left, 301
socialism. See also Communism; Marxism; Stalinism; Trotskyists; and specific countries, organizations, parties and factions
inevitability of, 219, 221
“in one country,” 46
Trotsky on, and WW II, 212–13
Socialist Appeal, 145
Socialist Party of America, 17, 209
socialist realism, 150–51, 165
Socialist Revolutionaries (Russian), 180
Socialist Workers Party (American), 145, 208, 209, 211, 242, 271, 293
FBI raid on, in Minneapolis, 297–98
founding congress of 1937 and split between Majority and Minority, over Stalinism, dialectical materialism, and invasion of Finland, 211–13, 222–29, 234, 271–74, 280, 305
security for Trotsky and, 262–63
Trotsky assassination and, 292
Van leaves, 300–301
See also American Trotskyists
Society of Veterans of the Spanish Republic, 248
Sokolovskaya, Alexandra (first wife), 67, 103, 106–8
children of, see Bronstein, Nina;
Volkova, Zinaida
Souvarine, Boris, 156
Soviet Union (Russia, USSR), 44, 82. See also Bolsheviks; Central Committee; Communist Party of the Soviet Union; Moscow show trials; NKVD; Politburo; Red Army; Russian Revolution of October 1917; and specific organizations and individuals
art and literature in, 82, 149–52, 157–58
authoritarianism and, 45, 301
backlash vs. Trotsky in, 2, 26–27
“bureaucratic collectivism” and, 10, 179, 210–11, 301
civil war in, 21–28, 46, 51, 213, 232, 294
collectivization and industrialization drive in, 46–47
death of Lenin and, 191–92
death of Stalin and de-Stalinization in, 294
“degenerated workers’ state” debate and, 210–13, 293, 305–6
Dewey and, 38–39, 43, 53
Eastman visits, 218
espionage by, in U.S., 181
Gide visits, 160
Gorbachev and demise of communism in, 303–5
Hitler’s invasion of, 2
Kronstadt rebellion and, 51–54
Natalia disavows, 293–94
Nazi-Soviet pact and invasions following, 2–3, 211–13, 222–23, 223–25
October Revolution and, 187–88
October Revolution tenth-anniversary celebration in, 81–82
“permanent revolution” and, 45–46
Popular Front and, 19, 37–38
purges in, 9, 47, 51, 62, 83, 107, 141, 144, 151, 177, 203, 210, 294
Reagan and, 301
Rivera and, 81–82, 87
secret police files of, 113–15
secret police, see NKVD
Seva visits half sister in, 304
Spanish civil war and, 10, 122–24
Stalin’s rise in, 187–88
Trotsky expelled from, 101–6
Trotsky predicts revolution vs. Stalin in, 10
Trotsky’s family arrested and killed in, 42, 61–63, 77–78, 96–98, 106–8, 111–14, 118
Spanish Communist Party, 123, 206
Spanish Falangists, 10, 203
Spanish Nationalists, 122
Spanish Republic, 18, 122, 206
civil war and (1936–39), 10, 122–24, 134, 137, 144, 153, 160, 172, 200, 203, 211, 247–49, 257, 259, 272, 299
revolution of 1931, 206
Rivera and, 78
Spanish Republican Army, 206, 248–49
Spanish Republican Loyalists, 122, 203
Spartacus Youth League, 134
Spiegel, Rae, 130
Stalin (Joseph Djugashvili, “Koba”), 156, 186
arrests and murders of Trotsky’s family and, 62–63, 78, 96–98, 106–8, 111–14, 118
artists and writers suppressed by, 150–52
assassination of Trotsky and, 7–9, 114, 125, 137, 174–78, 200, 255, 261, 295
death of, 294, 299
death of Lenin, and struggle vs. Trotsky, 46, 82, 89, 191–94, 196–97, 216–18, 225
debate over, in American left, 211–12
early feud with Trotsky, 26–28
early revolutionary activity of, 186–88
exile and denunciation of Trotsky by, 1–2, 8, 28, 96–97, 178
Gorbachev rehabilitates victims of, 303–4
Kahlo and, 296
Lenin’s warning and testament on, 96–97, 218, 233–34
Lyova’s visa rejected by, 103
Moscow trials and purges by, 8–9, 32–35, 37–38, 83, 113–14, 176
Nazi-Soviet nonagression pact and, 2, 201–4, 211–12
Orlov blackmails, 145
repressive dictatorship of, 44, 46, 87
Rivera and, 82, 85, 147, 173, 296
Spanish civil war and, 123, 249
Trotsky archives and, 139, 143
Trotsky’s denunciations of, 1–2, 10–11, 36, 44, 55, 179–80, 182–88, 195–97, 229, 230, 252, 258
WW II and, 293
Stalinism art and culture and, 160–61
Natalia on, 293
Partisan Review on, 155–57
Trotsky’s opposition to, 51–52, 153, 181–82, 212–13, 217, 221
Stalinist agents, 19, 39, 228–29. See also NKVD; and specific individuals
“Stalin’s Crimes” (Trotsky), 182
Stanford University, Trotsky archives at, 303
Stanley, Sherman, 225, 228
“Stein.” See Orlov, Alexander
Stevens, Wallace, 154
Stolberg, Benjamin, 41, 49
Stone, Hank, 125–26, 132, 134–38
“substitutionism,” 45
Sudetenland, 202
Sudoplatov, Pavel, 174–78, 200, 295
Surrealism, 59, 147–48, 158–61, 167
Svyazhsk, Battle of, 22
Symbolism, 149–50, 159
Symposium (journal), 210
Syndicalists, 123
Syndicate of Technical Workers, Painters, and Sculptors, 81
Teamsters Union, 135–38, 209, 228, 264, 277–78, 298
Ten Days That Shook the World (Reed), 75, 216
Third International. See Comintern
Thomas, Norman, 17
Thomas, Wendelin, 49, 52–53
Time, 29, 31, 181
“To the Conscience of the World” (Natalia), 63
Tolstoy, Alexis, 151
Tolstoy, Leo, 70, 148
Toluca volcano, 161
Tomsky, Mikhail, 194
totalitarianism, 211–12
Tresca, Carlo, 49
“Trials of the Mind” (Rahv), 157
Trilling, Lionel, 153–54
Trotsky, Alexandra (first wife). See Sokolovskaya, Alexandra
Trotsky, Leon (Lev Davidovich Bronstein, “Old Man,” OM, LD), 3, 4, 29, 42, 91, 110, 121, 169, 190, 224, 236, 239, 267, 274
accuses Stalin of poisoning Lenin, 196–98
affair with Frida Kahlo and, 14, 17, 58–61, 63–65, 70–71, 171, 173
aftermath of death of, 293–306
American Trotskyists and security arrangements for, 10–11, 31
American Trotskyist split over Stalinism and “Russian question” and dialectical materialism, 210–13, 222–29, 271–74
anti-Stalinist left and Partisan Review and, 152–56
archives of, and Moscow trials as sham, 10–11
archives of, at Harvard and Stanford, 56, 253–54, 282, 303
archives of, brought into exile, 118, 178–79, 252
archives of, stolen by Stalinist agents, 300, 303
arrest of, in czarist Russia and escape, 106, 215
arrives in Mexico, 8–9, 13–22, 28–31, 220–21
art and literature and, 147–67
art and politics discussions with Breton and Rivera, 164–66
assassination and death of, 282–92, 304–5
assassination attempt on, of February 1938, 93–95, 132
assassination attempt on, of May 1940, 1–8, 252–61, 279
assassination of, Kremlin role revealed in 1989, 304
asylum in Mexico offered to, with help of Rivera, 18–20
autobiography of, 75–76
awarded Order of Red Banner, 28
birthday party of, on anniversary of October Revolution, 73–75, 77
Bolshevik-Menshevik split and attack on Lenin by, 214–15, 227
Bolshevism embraced by, in Faustian pact, 45
breaks with Stalin and expelled from USSR, 175, 178–79
Breton visits, in Mexico, 147–48, 158–67
cactus hunting and gardening of, 4, 189–90, 236–37, 250
caricatures of, in USSR, 2
children of, 42–43, 67
Columbia University celebration of 100th anniversary of birth of, attended by granddaughter Yulia, 302
correspondence with Lyova, 303
correspondence with Zborowski after death of Lyova and suspicions, 142–43
danger to, in Mexico, 10–11, 31
daughter Zina’s exile and suicide and, 103–7
death of daughter-in-law Anna and, 109
death of daughter Nina and, 103
death of Lenin and, 191–94, 196–97
death of Lyova and, 94–99, 111–19, 132, 139, 142, 182
deaths of grandchildren of, 103, 107–8
defamation suit vs., by Mexican press, 274–76, 279, 283
defectors from USSR and, 141
defends USSR as workers’ state, despite Stalin’s excesses, 47, 305–6
Dewey commission of inquiry and Moscow show trials 37–54
diaries of, 62–63
Dies Committee and, 250–51
disputes Eastman and Trotskyist Minority over dialectical materialism and “Russian question,” 217–23, 234
early life of, 25–26
exiled by Stalin after expulsion from Communist Party, 8–9, 28, 99–103
exile of, in France, 8, 33, 58, 91, 109, 120, 139, 148, 181, 195
exile of, in Norway, 8–9, 86, 109–10
exile of, on Turkey’s Prinkipo island, 8, 14, 33, 58, 91, 101–3, 178–79, 188–89, 217–18, 220, 305
family of, arrested and murdered by Stalin, 78, 97, 103–8, 176–77
“fellow travelers” term invented by, 150
finances of, 135, 181–83, 188, 238, 243, 253–64
Fourth International and, 85, 204–9
Frankel’s break with, 63–64
Frida Kahlo self-portrait dedicated to, 71, 173
friendship with Fernández family, 131–32
friendship with Rivera, 87–89, 91–93, 161, 169
friendship with Rivera unravels, 147, 167–73, 195
grandson Seva and, 103–7, 109, 118, 195, 198–99, 201
grave of, in Coyoacán, 293
Herring Latin America seminar and, 272
Hippodrome speech by, on Moscow show trials, 35–37
hobbies and exercise of, 4
hobby of raising rabbits and chickens, 238–39
hunting, fishing, and exercise loved by, 91, 188–91
ill health of, in Mexico, 3–4, 55–57, 230–31, 273–77
illness of, with cryptogenic fever in Mexico, 194–96
illness of, with paratyphoid, in Russia after hunting trip, 190–92
intellectualism of, 155
Jewish ancestry and background of, 25, 91, 155
Kronstadt rebellion and, 51–54
leads Red Army to victory in Russian civil war and, 21–28, 46, 151
Left Opposition and Politburo dispute with Stalin of 1926 and, 96–97
Lenin and, 66, 231–33
Lenin’s last testament and struggle vs. Stalin and, 96–97, 218, 233–34
Lunacharsky on organizing problems of, 213–14
marries Alexandra Sokolovskaya, 67, 106
marries Natalia Sedova, 66–67, 69–69
Marxism introduced to, by first wife Alexandra, 106
Mexican protests vs., 3, 19–20, 71–72, 250
Moscow show trial confessions explained by, 34–35
Moscow show trials and, 8–11, 14, 32–34, 110–11, 121–22, 133–34
moves to Avenida Viena after rift with Rivera, 172–73, 195, 237–38
moves to San Miguel Regla, during affair with Kahlo, 64–65, 67–71
murder of, 115
murder of secretary in Paris, and archives stolen, and suspicions about Zborowski, 139–43
Natalia’s alleged early affair and, 65–66, 68–69
Nazi-Soviet pact and, 2, 201–3
New York Fourth International broadcast by, 207–9
nicknamed “Old Man” by followers, 4
NKVD agent Harte infiltrates security staff of, 244
NKVD agent Ramón penetrates circle and household of, 207, 229, 244–46, 266–71, 273, 279–81
NKVD agent Zborowski ordered to penetrate household of, 119
NKVD agent Zborowski surveillance of papers of, in Paris, 112–14
NKVD closes in on, in Mexico, 246–52
NKVD plan to liquidate, 11
October Revolution and, 82
Orlov anonymous warnings to, on assassination plot and Zborowski, 143–46, 198–200
Orozco and, 162–64, 198–200
Party Congress of 1924 and, 34–35
“permanent revolution” theory of, 45–46
personality of, and relationship with Lyova, 102, 109–12, 115–17
personality of, demanding nature and tensions, 56, 57, 129–31, 136, 243, 283
personality of, Eastman on lack of gift for friendship, 89–91, 168, 216–17
photographs of, by Young, 235–37
picnic trip of, in last weeks of life, 273, 276–77
prisoner of ideology, 54, 305–6
propositions Frida’s sister, Cristina, 71–72
relationship with Natalia, 68–70, 118–19
relationship with son Lyova, 102, 109–12, 115–17, 276–77
reputation of, in post-glasnost Russia, 303–4
Rivera, and security furnished by, 92–93
Rivera arranges Mexican asylum for and aids with finances and security, 17–19, 86, 92–95, 132
Rivera portraits of, in Portrait of America and Man at the Crossroads, 85–86
Rivera’s revolutionary painting and, 78, 86
Rivera, Trotsky’s first contacts with, 84
Russian Revolution and, 8, 21–23, 74–77, 180, 187, 215–17, 231–33
secretary Frankel and, 56–57, 182
secretary “Van” Heijenoort and, 56–57
secretary Wolfe and, 56
secret meeting with GPU agent Blumkin on Prinkipo, 120
security and household of, in Mexico, 10–11, 31, 125–33
security for, after May 1940 assassination attempt, 262–66, 277–81
security for, at Avenida Viena house, 237–44, 251–52
security for, in Mexico, 92–95, 120–29, 132–39
son Lyova and exile of, 56, 99–103, 181
son Lyova’s Red Book on the Moscow Trial and, 110
son Lyova’s request to join, in Mexico refused by, 113–15
son Seryozha and, 61–63, 100–101
son Seryozha’s arrest and murder by Stalin, 77–78, 177
Soviet citizenship of, rescinded, 105
Soviet invasion of Poland and, 211–13
Spanish civil war and, 10–11, 123–24
Stalin orders assassination of, in Operation Duck, 174–78, 200
Stalin’s hatred for, and desire to liquidate, 9, 178–79
struggle vs. Stalin, after Lenin’s death, 89, 216
struggle vs. Stalin, after Revolution, 26–28
takes pseudonym of Leon Trotsky, 25
tension of, in Coyoacán house, 56–58, 129–31
travels to Taxco, 55–56, 201–2
travels to Veracruz for fishing, 235–36
travels with Breton and Rivera, 161–65
travels with Rivera, 91–93
warns Lenin on danger of centralism, 45
World War II and, 1
writes about Moscow show trials, 14
writes “Art and Politics” for Partisan Review, 155–58
writes biography of Lenin, 2, 30, 180–83
writes biography of Stalin, 1, 2, 11, 182–88, 195–97, 229, 230, 252, 258, 253, 273–74
writes book on Moscow trials, 181–82
writes History of the Russian Revolution, translated by Eastman, 1–2, 8, 101, 156, 184, 217–18, 220, 305
writes last will and testament, 230, 234–25
writes “Lenin is no more” eulogy, 192
writes Life article on Stalin, 197–98
writes Literature and Revolution, 149–50, 155, 164–65
writes Lyova’s obituary, 117
writes magazine articles on WW II, 2
writes My Life autobiography, 8, 101, 179, 191–92
writes On Lenin, 148
writes Our Political Tasks, 215
writes “Petty-Bourgeois Opposition,” 223
writes Revolution Betrayed, 181–82, 211, 221
writes “USSR in War,” 212–13
writing by, in exile, 178–88
writing method and skill of, and dictation, 183–85, 283
WW II and, 9–10, 201–4
Trotsky, Lev “Lyova” (son). See Sedov, Leon “Lyova”
Trotsky, Natalia (second wife). See Sedova, Natalia
Trotsky, Nina (daughter). See Bronstein, Nina
Trotsky, Sergei “Seryozha” (son). See Sedov, Sergei “Seryozha”
Trotsky, Seva (grandson). See Volkov, Vsevelod “Seva”
Trotsky, Zina (daughter). See Volkova, Zinaida “Zina”
Trotskyists, 8, 101 108, 123, 140, 154–55, 161, 176. See also American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky; American Trotskyists; Bolshevik-Leninists; Fourth International; French Trotskyists; Mexican League; Socialist Workers Party; and specific individuals
death of Trotsky and, 301–3
form Fourth International, 203–4
Tsaritsyn (later Stalingrad), Battle of (1918), 151
Tukhachevsky, Marshal Mikhail, 51, 52
Turkey, 8, 14, 33, 58, 91, 101–3, 178–79, 188–89, 217–18, 220, 305
Ukraine, famine of 1932–33, 46
Union for Repatriation of Russians Abroad, 143
Union of Soviet Writers, 150
United Press, 94
United States
asylum for Trotsky and, 20
WW I and, 22
U.S. House of Representatives
Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC, Dies Committee), 250
U.S. Justice Department, 298
U.S. Senate, Internal Security Subcommittee hearings, 300
Universal, El (newspaper), 172
“USSR in War, The” (Trotsky), 212–13
Van Heijenoort, Gaby, 131
Van Heijenoort, Jean “Van,” 33, 42, 56, 58, 60–61, 63–65, 70, 72, 93–95, 105–7, 110, 112, 121, 276, 298
Breton visit and, 147–48, 160–65
death of Trotsky and, 292
life of, after death of Trotsky, 300–301, 303
Rivera and, 87–88, 170
security and, 119–22, 126–27, 129–33, 137–38, 142, 239–41, 280
writing contracts and, 182
Vasconcelos, José, 79
Venida de Trotsky, La (Apollo skit), 30
Vidali, Vittorio. See Contreras, Carlos
Villa, Pancho, 78, 246
Voice of the Federation, The, 126
Volkov, Vsevelod “Seva” (grandson), 230
custody battle for, 118, 186, 195
death of parents, 103–5, 107
in exile with Lyova, 109
life of, after assassination, 295–96, 305
meets half sister Alexandra, in Russia, 304
in Mexico with Trotsky and Natalia, 4–7, 195, 198–99, 201, 238–39, 245, 253, 254, 265, 268, 287, 292
Volkova, Zina (daughter), 77, 78
daughter Alexandra meets Seva, 304
illness and death of, 99, 103–7
Voltaire, 39
Voroshilov, Kliment, 151, 157, 294–95
Voz de Mexico, La (Communist newspaper), 274
Vyshinsky, Andrei, 32, 34, 109
Waldorf-Astoria riot of 1934, 241
Washington Post, The, 53
“watchful revolutionary censorship,” 149–50
Weber, Sara, 138, 184–85, 242
Weil, Ruby, 205
“What is Living and What is Dead in Marxism?” (Partisan Review symposium), 156
What Is to Be Done? (Lenin), 219
White Armies, 8, 22–27, 52, 232
Wilhelmshaven sailors’ revolt, 52
Wilson, Edmund, 153–54, 221
Wolf, Erwin, 123, 137, 204
Wolfe, Bernard, 55–56, 121, 122
Wolfe, Bertram, 80–82, 85–86, 156
Workers Defense League, 298
Workers Party (Minority faction of Socialist Workers Party), 271
World War I, 10, 204, 218
Russian Revolution and, 21–22, 204, 215–16
World War II, 1–2, 154, 176, 196–97, 201–4, 211–13, 228, 266, 269, 273, 282, 293, 301
Wright, John, 229
Yagoda, Genrikh, 133, 139, 197
Yanovitch, Fanny, 258
Yezhov, Nikolai, 139, 145
Young, Al, 235–41, 243, 245
Yudenich, Gen. Nikolai, 27
Zaitsev, Ivan Vasilevich, 191
Zamora, Adolfo, 303
Zamora, Francisco, 50
Zapata, Emiliano, 78, 85
Zborowski, Mark (Étienne, “Mack,” “Tulip”), 112–13, 115, 119, 139–43, 199–200, 298–301
death of Lyova and, 142
Fourth International attended by, with report to Stalin, 204–5
reported captured in German invasion of France in WW II, 269
Zinoviev, Grigory, 9, 16, 96, 176, 189, 191, 194, 304
Zola, Émile, 39, 50, 148, 160
Zollinger, Dr. Alfred, 230, 234
Zweig, Stefan, 159