Index

abnormality, and normality, distinguished, 13-18, 125, 141, 146-147

absolute truth, 6, 102-103

AIDS, 150

Archaeology of Knowledge, The (Foucault), 96-100

ars erotica, 148

autopsy, 69-71, 74-75

bad faith, 89

Barthes, Roland, 4

Beauvoir, Simone de, 89, 90-91

The Second Sex, 90

Bentham, Jeremy, 126

Bichat, Marie-Francois-Xavier, 69

binary oppositions, 94-95

biology, 82

Birth of the Clinic, The (Naissance de la clinique) (Foucault), 25, 60-75, 97

body/mind/soul question, 44-45, 104

Borges, Jorge Luis, 80

capitalism, 129

Care of the Self, The (Foucault), 148

catatonia, 31

categories, 81

categorization of people, 13-16

“C'est n'est pas une pipe” (Foucault), 93

Charcot, Jean Martin, 137

clinics, 6 1-62, 66-68

Collége de France, 108

Communist Party, 24, 99

confinement, 32-34

of criminals, 40

history of, 40-41

of the leprous, 33-34

of the mad, 32,40-41, 50

conspiracy theory of history, 144

control of activity, 116, 122

criminals

confinement of, 40

definition of, 14, 16, 17

reform of, 126-132

culture, human, 94

Damiens (regicide), 112-113

Darwin, Charles, 103

death, 71-73

Defert, Daniel, 106, 109

discipline, 120-132

Discipline and Punish (Foucault), 110-132, 141

discourse, 100-101, 136-137

disease, classification of, 68

doctors

as moral authorities, 56

and patients, 56-57

training of, 61-66

Ecole Normale Supérieure, 20-23

economics, 82, 98-100

Erasmus, The Praise of Folly (Moriae Encomium), 36

erotic arts, 148

exclusion, 17, 32-35

executions, 112-113, 115, 119

existential freedom, 89-91

experts, 18, 101

Faucher, Léon, 114

Fliess, Dr., 138

force, physical, 7-12, 140

Foucault, Michel, 2-4

biography, 19-25

homosexuality of, 149-150

schooling, 19-23

suicide attempt, 22

teaching positions, 25, 106-108

freedom, existential, 89-91

French academic system, 19-23

French intellectuals, 3, 88, 109

French Revolution, 46-51, 62-65

Freud, Sigmund, 57, 135, 137, 138

games, 150-151

Gaze, the, 67, 71, 74-75

gender roles, 132

genealogy, 102-104

God, 83

Death of, 85

guilt/innocence, 117

hierarchies, 124

historical thinking, 96-104, 144-145

History of Sexuality (Foucault), 134-151

homosexuality, 22, 142

hospitals, 50, 56, 62-65

See also madhouses

human sciences, 74, 78, 82-83

hysteria, 42-43, 137

illness, 14, 16, 17, 64

imprisonment, as punishment, 127-132

See also confinement; prisons

individuals, in history, 144-145

intellectuals, French, 3, 88, 109

internalization, 55

judgments, normalizing, 125

knowledge, 5-12, 18, 79-80, 83, 101

Lacan, Jacques, 4

language, 12, 92-95, 99-100

laws, 125

lepers, 33-34

Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 4, 94-95

linguistics, 82, 92

madhouses, 50-54, 125

madmen

confinement of, 32, 40-41, 50

liberation of, 50-52

madness

as abnormal, 13, 17

definitions and categories of, 30-32, 41-45

in literature and imagination, 34-39

and reason, contrasted, 29-40

scientific study of, 56-57

treatment of, historically, 44, 52-58

Madness and Civilization (Folie et déraison)

(Foucault), 25, 29-58

Magritte, René, “C'est n'est pas une pipe,” 93

man

concept of, 83-87

Death of, 85-86

Maoism, 105

MarX, Karl, 98-99

Marxism, 98

masturbation, 138

medicine, 62. See also doctors; hospitals

middle-class morality, 54

Mirabeau, Count de, 48-49

moral authority, 52-56

morality, 54

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 85, 102

Genealogy of Morals, 102

normality/abnormality, distinguishing between, 13-18, 125, 141, 146-147

normalizing judgments, 125

nosology, 68

Order of Things, The (Les Mots et les choses) (Foucault), 78-88

pain, role of, in punishment, 115-119

Panopticon, 126, 128

patients, 56-57, 61, 66

physical force, 7-12, 140

Pinel, Philippe, 51, 54-56

play, 150-151

politics, 140, 150-151

poor, confinement of, 40-41

power, 5-12, 140-145, 150-151

and normal/abnormal categories, 18

and punishment, 115, 118

prisons, 50, 109-110, 114, 126-132 . See also imprisonment

prostitutes, 131-132, 134

psychiatrists, 22

psychology, 23

punishment

history of, 112-120, 127-132

public, 119, 127

rational man, 102

reason, and madness, contrasted, 29-40

recidivism, 130-132

repetitive exercises, 123

repression, 134-136

resistance, 145-146, 151

riots, 127

Riviére, Pierre, 20, 110

Rorschach tests, 23

Sade, Marquis de, 48

sadomasochism, 150

Salpetriere clinic, 137

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 3, 88-90, 98, 109

Les Mots (“Worde”), 88

Saussure, Ferdinand de, 92, 94

science, 73-74. See also human sciences

scientia sexualis, 136-139, 148

secrets, 143

sexuality

discourse On, 136-137

illicit, 43

perverted, 14, 16

repressed, 134-136

science of, 136-139, 148

sexual revolution, 135

Shakespeare, William, King Lear, 36-39

Ship of Fools allegory, 34-35

sick, confinement of, 40

signifier and signified, 92

sixties politics, 105-107, 151

social sciences. See human sciences

sodomy, 142

spatialization, 121

specialists, 18, 101

structuralism, 91-100

student revolt of May 1968, 107

timetables, 122

torture, 117

trials, 117-118

Tuke, Samuel, 51-53, 56

truth, absolute, 6, 102-103

Tunisia, 106-107

universities, 64-65

University of Paris, 108

Use of Pleasure, The (Foucault), 148

Victorian sexuality, 134

war, 140

women

control of, 131-132, 134

and hysteria, 42-43, 137