*A 50–50 split between author and hardback publisher on sub-leased paperback earnings became standard practice in the trade: such a division of spoils suggests that the hardback publishers’ claim that the paperback damaged or diminished hardback sales had prevailed over Lane’s belief that Penguin sales were additional to hardback sales and opened up a new market for the author’s work. The 50–50 split lasted well into the 1970s, when hardback publishers started their own mass market paperback lists, paying authors a ‘full’ (i.e. undivided) royalty on such sales; at the same time literary agents insisted that a larger proportion of the income from sub-leased paperbacks should find its way into their authors’ pockets.