INDEX

Abelson, Philip,
A-bomb, ix; assembly, Corps
    of Engineers, decision to use, delay in using, delivery
     (see 509th Group under Air Force
    and Air unit), deadline for,
    designing, development
     (see Project Y); explosive force,first,gun-type
     (see Implosion); haste and,
    high air burst, international implications of, magnitude of
    project,mechanical requirements, names for, n;
    operational plans, power requirements of plants, second, take-off base (see Tinian);
    target date, targets,
    testing, (see Alamogordo);  U.S. entry into World
    War II, Washington control over, (see also Manhattan Project, MED, and Project)
Accidents: gas diffusion process,
    Oak Ridge,
Acheson, Dean,
Ackart, Everett G.,
Advisory Committee on Uranium,
African Metals,
Air Force, U.S., bomb and, comprehension of bomb, in England, responsibilities, Strategic Air Forces,  targets, 3d Photo Reconnaissance Squadron, 20th, 21st Bomber Command, 393d Heavy Bombardment Squadron,

     Composite Group, delivery of bomb, difficulty of, staging, strength, training,
Air unit, commander,  navigational training, staff for,
Akers, W. A.,
Alamogordo, bomb (July 16),
     choice of site, countdown, -
     fallout, Farrell account, Groves report, Jumbo, n,
     observation planes, postponement, press release,
     radioactivity, reaction to,
     results of, security, shock wave, strength of
     explosion, tension at, time of, weather problem, White House press release,
Alberta group, aim,
Albuquerque, Sandia Base,
Allied Armies,
Allied Intelligence,
Allis, William,
Allis-Chalmers,
Allison, Samuel,
Alpha separation process,
Alsos: advisory committee,
     agents, Calvert group,
     commander, on Continent, disbandment, France,

    Germany, Heidelberg
    headquarters,  interservice 
    cooperation, Italy,
     Joliot-Curie interrogation, 
      location of German scientists,  London,
      Mediterranean section,officers, Paris  headquarters,purpose,
      Rome targets, scientific 
      members, staffing, second 
      mission, Strasbourg,
Aluminum Company of America, 
Amaldi, Dr.,
American Federation of Labor,
American industry: discretion, 
     involvement in Project, patriotism,  strength of, 
American technology, 
Amherst College, 
Anderson, John, 
     British-French agreement,
     postwar developments,  tripartite agreement,
Anderson, Roland A.,
Andre, Gaston,
Anglo-American intelligence Jiaison,
Annapolis,
Antes, Donald
Arctic Circle, Argonne Forest,
Armed Forces Special Weapons Project,
Army, U.S.,  "about,"  
    atomic program,  counterintelligence,  du Pont and, 
    Fifth,  Alsos and,  atomic energy;  nuclear weapons position,  plutonium project, security responsibility,
Army Corps of Engineers, atomic
    bomb,safety regulations,
Army District Engineer Offices, 
Army Service Forces,
Army Services of Supply, Arnold, H. H., 
    bomb control, Hiroshima,  operational plan, 
    Project and,  targets,
Arnold, J. H., 
Ashbridge, W.,
Ashworth, F. L., Tinian choice,  weaponeer,
"Atom Gives Up, The," 
Atomic bomb (see A-bomb)
Atomic bomb project (see MED and
    Manhattan Project)
Atomic energy, American intelligence,  (see also Alsos);
    American physicists, ; by-products, commissioners,diplomacy and,European scientists,  French patents,  implications of,  interchange of
    information,international  controls, legislation,  military uses,
    peaceful uses,postwar
    developments, propaganda on, research on,
    voluntary international censorship,War Department,
Atomic Energy Act,
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), establishment,
Atomic physics, ix, ixn
Atomic policy, making of,
Atomic weapons, types,
Attlee, Clement, international  controls,
Auer-Gesellschaft, Oranienburg,
Auger, Pierre,
Axis Powers,
B-29s,altitude,
    bomb delivery, modifications, Pacific Theatre,take-off base,(see
    also Hiroshima)
Babcock and Wilcox,
Bacher, Robert F.,
Badger & Sons, E. B.,
Bagge, Erich,reaction
    to Hiroshima,

Bailey, Agent, 
Bain, George W., 
Bainbridge, K. 
Baker, A. L.,
Bankers Trust Co., N.Y.,
Bard, Ralph A.,
Barker, C. D.,
Barkley, Alben W.,
Barnard, Chester,
Barnes, Philip,
Barnes, Thomas,
Bart Laboratories,
Baruch, Bernard,
Bateman, George C,
Battelle Institute,
Battle of the Bulge,
Beahan, Kermit K.,
Beatson, Agent,
Behler, Fred,
Belgian Congo: resources, uranium ore: richness, 
     tripartite agreement,
Belgium: German occupation,
     government-in-exile,invasion
     of, tripartite agreement,uranium ore, 
    {see also Belgian Congo)
 Bell, Daniel,
 Berg, Moe,
 Berkeley lab,demobilization,
     espionage in,Japanese
     contacts,{see also University of California)
 Berlin: bombing of,Dahlem,heavy water,Institute of Physics,Russian zone,uranium plant,
 Beta separation process,
 Bethe, Hans A.,
 Betts, E. C,
 Betts, T. J.,
 Bikini tests, ;
      Joint Task Forces,
 Bisingen-Hechingen area,
 Bissell, Clayton L.,
 Blackett, P. M. S.,
 Blair, Robert C,

Blandy, W. H, P.,
Bliss, Lyman, A.,
Board of Economic Warfare,
Bohr, Niels,
Bomber missions,
Bonneville Dam,
Bothe, Walther,
Boulder Dam,
Bowen, H. G.,
Bradbury, Norris,
Bradley, Omar, on Russians,
Branch, R. T.,
Brazil,
Bridges, Styles,
British Atomic Energy Office,
British Intelligence,
British scientists,
    gaseous diffusion process,
    interchange of information,
     Manhattan Project, {see also Fuchs, Klaus)
British 21st Army Group,
British Supply Cabinet,
Brodie, Capt.,
Brown, Edward J.,
Brussels,
Bull, H. R.,
Bullock, J. C,              
Bundy, Harvey,interchange of information,Smyth Report,
Bush, Vannevar, Alamogordo,Alsos,atomic intelligence activities,Combined
     Policy Committee, ; Congressional  briefing,decision
     making,Groves and,
     Interim Committee,letter to Roosevelt on U.S. responsibility, Military Policy Committee,nuclear program report (1942),patents, postwar developments,U.S.-British
     interchange of information,-White House liaison,
 Buxton, G. E.,

Byrnes, James F.,Interim
    Committee, postwar developments,

California Institute of Technology,
Calvert, Horace K. 
    In France,London 
    mission,  Stassfurt mission,  Union Miniere ore,
Canada,Anglo-American agency,Combined Development Trust, Combined Policy Committee,  National Research Council,  postwar development, scientists in Manhattan Project,  Tube Alloys Project,  
    uranium ore,U.S.
    heavy water supply, ; U.S. interchange of information, 
Cannon, Congressman,
Carnegie Institute (Washington),
Carpenter, Walter S., Jr.,
Carpenter, William,
Censorship, office of,(see also Press censorship)
Centerboard,
CentreNationale de la RechercheScientifique,
Chadwick, James,Smyth Report,
Chapman, A. K.,
Chemical engineering,
Chemistry, in Project,
Cherwell, Lord,
Chicago lab, demobilization of,
    du Pont liaison, European 
    scientists, friction,
    patent claims,peacetime project, pile,pilot reactor,plutonium process,  research,responsibility,
    safety factor in design,(see also University of Chicago)
Chipman, John,
Chrysler Corp.,
Church, Gilbert P.,
Churchill, Winston S.,Groves' Alamogordo report,

    Hyde Park aide-memoire,
    interchange of information, Manhattan Project,optimism,Quebec Agreement,tripartite agreement,
    use of bomb,
CIC: in Alsos,
    Alsos agents,Stassfurt, mission,
Clayton, William L.,
"Clinton Engineer Works, The,"

Clinton Engineer Works,  
    electromagnetic plant,  medical
    program,  pile,  
    semi-works, pile, primary 
    purpose, reason for building, speed factor,(see also Oak Ridge)
Collbohm, F. R., 
College of France,
Colorado Plateau, uranium ore,
Colt, Sloan,
Columbia River,fish conservation,
Columbia University (lab), demobilization,  gas diffusion process, SAM laboratory,  U-235 research,
Combined Chiefs of Staff,  
    bomb control, knowledge of bomb,
Combined Development Trust, 
     American funds
     for,  American trustees,  "Declaration of
    Trust,"  German supplies,  territorial jurisdiction,
Combined Policy Committee,  establishment,
Committee of the Privy Council for
    Scientific and Industrial Research,
Communists,
Compton, Arthur H., estimate on bomb production,
    group (see Chicago lab); Nobel

    Prize winner,physics of
    bomb development,radioactive
    poisoning,unexpendable,
Compton Effect,
Compton, Karl T.,
Conant, James B.,  Alamogordo,  British-French
    atomic agreement, ; Combined
    Policy Committee,  Interim
    Committee,  letter to Oppenheimer  on Los Alamos,Los
    Alamos,Military
Policy Committee,NRRC, chairman,postwar developments,radioactive poisoning,scientific adviser to Groves, Smyth Report,  U.S.British  interchange of information,
Condon, Edward U., resignation,
Congressional investigations,
Congressional Record,
Conklin, Frederick R.,
Conrad, George B.,
Consodine, W. A.,
Consolidated Mining and Smelting
    Company of Canada,
Cook County Forest Commission,
Cooper, Governor,
Cooling (pile) methods,
Cornell University,
Corps of Engineers (see Army Corps of Engineers)
Creedon, F. C,
Crenshaw, Thomas T., 
CSS,
Curie, Irene, 
Curie, Marie,
Curie, L. M., 
Cyclotrons,  Bothe and,Japanese,  Joliot-Curie's,
Darwin, Charles, 
Daniels, Farrington,
Davis, George C, D-Day,
Defense Plant Corp.,

de Gaulle, Charles, 
Degussa,
Deionizing plants, 
Dempster, A. J., 
Dennis, W. R.,
Dennison, D. M., 
Deny, J. H.,
DeSilva, Peer,
Dickinson, W. T.,
Diebner, Kurt,  capture of,
Diebner, Frau,
Dill, John, Combined Policy
    Committee,
District,  organization,  security,  (see also Manhattan Project and MED)
District Engineer,
Dix, Howard,
Doan, R. L., 
Donovan, William,
Dow, David,
"DSM," 
Dudley, J. H.,
Dunning, John R., Ill
du Pont,  in
    Alsos, Chicago liaison,  
    Compton on,  fee,  Hanford
    administrators, heavy-water program, ; patent rights,plutonium project,  profit,  
    safety precautions,  TNX,  
    Durkin, M. P.,

Eastman Kodak Co., 
Echols, Oliver P.,
Eindhoven, uranium ore in,
Einstein, Albert, letter to Roosevelt,
Eisenhower, Dwight D.,
    atomic policy,Chief of
    Staff,Japanese cyclotrons,military in Project,
    Operation Harborage,
    President,radioactive warfare
    threat, scientific intelligence
    mission,
Eldorado Mining Co.,
Electromagnetic plant, hazards,  pri-

    ority,recruitment for,  support,  {see also Y-12)
Electromagnetic process,  
    British efforts in,  chemistry,  Lawrence and,  pilot
    plant,
Element
Ellis, James, 
Engel, Albert J.,
England {see Great Britain)
Enola Gay,
Ent, U. G.,
Essau, Abraham, 
ETOUSA (European Theater of Operation, U.S.A.), 
 Europe: atomic energy projects,  U.S. Occupation Forces, 
 European scientists, Chicago group,  use of
     bomb against Japan,  
 Evans, R. M.,  
 Exponential experiment,  
 Exponential pile, Berlin, 

 Fallout,  Alamogordo,  rain and,  radioactive,  In
 Farm Hall,  
 Farrell, Thomas F.,  
      Alamogordo,  Hiroshima, Nagasaki bomb,  operational plan, transition period,  
  Fat Man bomb,  assembly,  
      explosive force,  flight testing, postwar development, production of,  testing   date,  {see also Implosion bomb)
  FBI: MED cooperation, security and, 
  Federal Reserve Bank,  
  Feis, Herbert,  
  Felbatk, George T., 
  Fercleve Corp., 
  Ferebee, Thomas, 
  Ferguson, H. K., Co., 
  Ferguson, Senator,
  Fermi, Enrico, Alamogordo, chain reaction, experimental atomic pile, test pile, 
  FFI,
 Fields, K. E.,
 Fine, Paul C,
 Finletter, Thomas K.,
 Fisher, William P.,
 Fisk, James,
 Foreign-born, in Project, {see
     also under nationality)
 Fort Knox,
 France: atomic energy position,
     atomic energy project,
     atomic patents, British
     Atomic agreement, fall of,Project,underground resistance  movement,{see also Alsos)
 Franck, James, 
 Free French Provisional Government
      (Algiers), 
 French Army,  d Armored
      Division,Moroccan troops,
 French scientists: problem of,
      uranium fission,
 Friedel, H. L.,
 Frisch, O. R.,
  Fuchs, Klaus,
  Furnan, R. R.,
  Fusion bomb,

  G-2 {see under Army)
  Gamma rays, tolerance dose,
  Gary, Tom C,
  Gaseous diffusion process, accidents,all-American
       effort,British and,  Columbia success,construction objectives,
       gas corrosion, plant,
       postwar, priority,Scientific Safety Committee,semiworks,Union Carbide,{see also K-25 project)
  Gattiker, David,Stassfurt mission,  
  Gaudin, A. M.,

Geiger counters, Alamogordo,
General Electric,
General Motors Corp.,
General Policy Group,Sept., meeting,
General Staff, U.S.,Japanese
     cyclotrons,military
     in Project,
George, H. L.,
George, Warren,
Gerlach, Walther,capture of,reaction to Hiroshima,
German Army Research,
German Chemical Society,
German National Research Council,
German scientists,
     Alsos location of, anti-Nazi,capture of deficiency of work,
     detention of, Farm Hall,in France,Heidelberg
     group, Hiroshima, reaction
     to, Joliot-Curie and,
     ,return to Germany,
      search for, in U.S.
     custody,after V-J Day,
     ; and war effort,
 Germany,Allied bombings,Allied invasion, Alsos in,  Ardennes offensive, atomic energy program, 
     Heidelberg group,in
     Belgium,DE,division into
     four zones,Fuchs,General  Staff,Italian scientists
     and, Jews,Lou vain
     Library,Ministry of Education,Ministry of Trade
      and Finance,"Oak Ridge,"
      surrender,uranium,
      ,U.S. bomb plan,{see also Nazis)
 Gertner, Wolfgang,
 Giles, Barney M.,Hiroshima,
  Giordani, Dr.,

Goring, Hermann,
Goudsmit, Samuel A., German scientists,
Grand Coulee Dam,
Graphite,pile,
Gray, Gordon,
Great Bear Lake,
Great Britain: atomic project code
    name {see Tube Alloys); Combined
    Development Trust, ; Combined  Policy Committee,  contributions to Manhattan Project, French atomic agreement,  gaseous diffusion process,  German bomb threat,  German scientists in,
    intelligence liaison with U.S., radium shipped to,security
    measures, Supply Council,Travancore negotiations,
    treason, feeling on,tripartite
    agreement, Tube Alloys
     Project,uranium ore,
-U.S. interchange,
U.S. postwar collaboration,
    voluntary international censorship,
Greenewalt, Crawford H.liaison,
Grinnell Corp.,
Grogan, Les,
Groves, Leslie R.,a-bomb,Alamogordo,
     Alsos, Arnold, atomic energy intelligence, atomic policy, bomb control,
     brigadier general,British-French
     agreement, Bush, on
     combat, Combined Development 
     Trust,
      on command,committee 
     selection, Conant,on Condon, Edward,director of Project,
     family, funds,
     German scientists, Hanford, Hiroshima, irreplaceability, isotopes, Japanese cyclotrons,

    Japanese invasion,
    Joliot-Curie,Laurence, William L., Leahy,
    legislation,LeMay,
     Marshall, George C, May-Johnson
    Bill hearings,mistakes, Nagasaki,Nimitz,operational plans, Oppenheimer,
     , at Alamogordo, ; Parsons,Patterson,
    postwar developments,
    precautions,press censorship
    on name,procedures, Roosevelt,safety
    regulations,security rule,
    Smyth Report, statement
    to House Military Affairs Committee,  statement to Special
    Senate Committee on Atomic Energy,  Stimson, tact,targets,
    third bomb, transition period, Truman,uranium, search for, von Neumann,Washington headquarters,
    Wilson, Roscoe C, (see also Operation Harborage)
Groves-Anderson Memorandum,
Guam, correspondents,military
    operations,
Guarin, Paul L.,
Guderian, Heinz,
Gueron, Prof.,
Gun-type bomb,testing,
Gunn, Ross,

Hahn, Otto,
    capture of,Hiroshima, reaction to, Nobel Prize,
Haigerloch,pile,
Half-life (radioactive isotope),
Halifax, Lord,
Hall, A. E. S.,
Ham, R. C,

Hambro, Sir Charles,
    Stassfurt mission,
Handy, T. T., Hiroshima, military in Project, third bomb,
Hanford, deionizing plant,design, developmental  problems,electric
    power,industry involvement, ; labor trouble, land procurement, living accommodations, medical program, morale,  pile,
    Plutonium, plant site, press security,procedure with subcontractors,
    radiation, tolerance dose, reactors,(see also design); Red
    Cross,religious facilities,
     security,Senators at,
    separation process,water-cooling,women at,
Harmon, J. M.,
Harmon, M. F.,
Harrington, Willis,
Harrison, Eugene L.,
Harrison, George L., Hiroshima,Interim Committee, ;
    Smyth Report,
Harteck, Dr.,capture of,
Harvard University,
Hawkins, David,
Hawley, Paul R.,
H-bomb,
Health safeguards, (see also under process)
Heavy-water,
    Canadian project,
    French,Germany,Italian scientists, Norway,
Hechingen,capture of,in
    French zone,(see Operation Harborage)

Heidelberg, Alsos in,
Heisenberg, Werner, capture of,
Hiroshima, reaction to,
Helium-cooling (see under Piles)
Hermanns, Use,
Hilberry, Norman,
Hill, the,(see also Los Alamos)
Hill, Tom B.,
Himmler, Heinrich,
Hiroshima,
     air-sea-rescue plans,
    bomb, assembly, production,casualties,crews,devastation,Farrell report,German
    scientists' reaction, log of
    flight,military objective,
    news ban on, observer
    planes,photographs, planes, number of,Presidential  release,report to Marshall,result of,strike 
    (bombing),Smyth Report,target, U-235 for
    bomb,visual bombing,
    weather,
Hirschfelder, Joseph,
Hitler, Adolf,
    New Order,scientists,
Hitlerism, growth of,
Hodgson, John S.,
Hoover, J. Edgar,
Hopkins, Harry,
Howard, N. R.,
Howe, Mr., Combined Policy Committee,
Hubbard, Dr.,
Hughes, A. L.,
Hull, Cordell,
Hull, J. E., Japanese cyclotrons,
Hungary,
Hyde Park aide-memoire,
Hydrogen bomb,

Ickes, Harold L.,U.S. atomic
    development,

Ihee, Dr.,
Imperial Chemicals, Ltd.,
Imperial College of Science and Technology,
Imperial Trust for the Encouragement  of Scientific and Industrial
    Research,
Implosion, bomb,theory,
India,
Indianapolis,
Information exchange, U.S.-British,
Ingles, H. C,
Insurance,
Intelligence, Project-London
    liaison, (see also Alsos and
    Military intelligence)
Interim Committee,
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers,
International negotiations: Project,on uranium,(see also
    Combined Development Trust)
International Nickel Co.,
International relations, xii; Roosevelt
    personal handling of,
Invasion (Western Europe),Groves and,intelligence
    opportunities from, 207ff.; radioactive  poisons threat,
Ismay, Gen.,
Italian scientists,
Italy,Alsos in, American intelligence activities, armistice, July,atomic project,Navy,scientific research,
Iwo Jima,emergency facilities,Japanese on,

Jadwin, Gen.,
James, Edwin L.,
Jansen, Dr.,
Japan,American air raids
    on,Army, headquarters,atomic attack on, xiii,
    atomic program,bombing,cyclotrons, destruction
    of, decision to use bomb

    against, first bomb, date for,invasion,Leahy on,Navy,operations against,
    Pacific Coast threat,Potsdam  ultimatum,psychological warfare  against, second bomb,surrender,targets, U.S. in bombing range,U.S. Occupation  Forces,(see also Hiroshima and Nagasaki)
Japanese scientists,
Jepson, Morris,
Joachimsthal mines,
Johnson, John R.,
Joint Chiefs of Staff, xi,bomb:
    control, knowledge of,
    enemy equipment,German
    division,Japanese invasion
     strategy, targets,
Joliot-Curie, Frederic,
     German scientists and,Gertner and,Groves and,knowledge of U.S. atomic
     effort, Sir John
     Anderson,
Jones, Edwin L.,
Jones, J. A. Co.,
 Jones & Lamson,
Jumbo,

K-25 project, British
     scientists and, cleanliness control measures, costs, ; plant,
     power needs,sabotage,
     special conditioning area,work
     force, (see also Gaseous diffusion process)
 Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (Berlin),
 Katanga ores,(see Union Miniere
     and Uranium ore supply)
 Kearton, C. F.,
 Keitel, Wilhelm,
 Keith, P. C,
 Keller, K. T.,
 Kellex Corp., British scientists and,
 Kellogg Co., M. W., Ill

Kennedy, J. W.,
Kettering, Charles,
Kilgore, Senator,
King, Ernest J.,power,
King, Mackenzie,
"Kingman,"
Kirkpatrick, E. E.,
Kistiakowsky, George,
 Knoxville, Tenn.,
     press censorship,
 Kokura, Arsenal,
 Korshing, Dr.,reaction to Hiroshima,
 Kowarski, Lew,
 Kuhn, Richard,
 Kyle, William,Smyth Report,
 Kyoto,Imperial University,
     Stimson and,target,
 Kyushu,invasion date,

 "Laboratory for the Development of
      Substitute Materials" or "DSM," 
 Lane, James,
 Lansdale, John Jr., ;
      Operation Harborage,Stassfurt mission,
 Laurence, William L.,
 Lavender, R. A.,
 Lawrence, Ernest O., In, Alamogordo,cyclotrons,
      electromagnetic separation,
  Leahy, William D.,disbelief in
      bomb, / Was There,
  Leclerc, Jean,
  Lee, Frank G.,
  Lee, Gen.,
  Leith, C. K.,
  LeMay, Curtis, bomb delivery, Hiroshima, Nagasaki
      bomb,operational plans,
  Letter of intent,

Lewis, W. K.,
Liaison, within Project,
Lilienthal, David E.,
Linsay plant (Chicago),
Lipkin, William P.,
Little Boy bomb, assembly, explosive  force, Hiroshima,(see also Thin Man bomb)
Llewellin, John,
Lobito, Portuguese Angola,
Lockhart, Jack,
London: American Embassy,
     Alsos in,Project liaison
     office, tripartite agreement,
Los Alamos, aircraft safety studies,Alberta division,Army
     at, Ballistics Group,
     Bikini tests,British at,
     censorship of mail, Certificate of Appreciation,commanding officer,coordinating
     council, Delivery Group,dependence on Project,
     director,{see Oppenheimer);
     engineering,equipment procurement, Explosives Division, First Technical Service  Detachment, governing board, ; liaison with
     Project, living conditions, Navy at, ordnance program, peace
     talks,personnel,
     postwar reorganization, press security,problems, recruitment,
     research organization, Review Committee, ; rumors
     about, scientists,
     second implosion bomb test program,security,
      ,site location, Smyth
     Report,speed, necessity of,targets,technical
     series,thermal diffusion plant,Tinian, University,uranium,Wendover Field,(see also Project Y)
Lothian, Marquess of,aide-mem'
    oire,
Lovett, Robert A.,
Lowe, Frank,
Lowlands, Alsos in,
Luce, Clare Boothe,
Luedecke, A. R.,
Lyons, George,

MacArthur, Douglas,
     Japanese cyclotrons,
    McCarthy, Col.,
McCarthy, Frank,
McCloy, John J.,
McCone, John,
McCormack, John W.,
McMahon, Brian,
McMahon Act,
McMillan, E. M.,
McMorris, Charles H.,
NcNally, James G.,
McNarney, Joseph T.,
McNinch, J. H.,
Madigan, Jack,
Mahon, Congressman,
Makins, Roger,Smyth Report,
Mallinckrodt,
Manhattan District,intelligence activities, 
Manhattan Engineer District (see MED)
Manhattan Project, ix,
     Air Force support of,
     Alsos in Germany,American
     lives and,British contributions
     to, British Scientific Group, Bush liaison with White
     House,Churchill,code
     names,courtesy policy,
     Groves in charge of, ix; headquarters, Los Alamos liaison,mission,morale,
     number in,officer messengers,reasons for telling story of, x;
     scientists, postwar,security, salaries,success factors, speed paramount,

     use of bomb,workers'
    lives, (see MED and under names of plants)
Manley, J. H.,
Maris, Mrs. (see Steinmetz, Beatrice M.)
Marshall, George C, Alamogordo,Alsos,atomic 
     energy intelligence,bomb: control, delivery, Congressional briefing,
      Groves, directive, operational plan,
     Hiroshima,
     policy on atomic energy,at
     Potsdam, ; power,
     radioactive warfare threat, scientific intelligence,
     Stassfurt mission,targets, third bomb, (see
     also Operation Harborage)
Marshall, James C,
Martin, Joseph W., Jr.,
Matthias, F. T.,
Maurer, Werner,
May-Johnson Bill
MED, Alsos,atomic
intelligence,bases,
beginnings,Bikini
tests,
Bush-White
House
liaison,characteristic (example),command channels,Congress,"creeps," number of, engineering difficulties, FBI cooperation,
    functioning,funds,German scientists,Groves, director of, confidence in,
    intelligence,major effort of,medical section, naming,ore supply,Pacific
    Coast installations,patent
    work, personnel limitations, press security,
    priorities, radioactive isotopes, Scientific
    Intelligence Mission (see Alsos);

    security, Sengier,silver, responsibility for, Smyth
    Report,targets,thermal
     diffusion process, transition
    period, (see Manhattan Project)
Medical research,
Mehring & Hanson Co.,
Meitner, Lise,
Merritt, Phillip L.,
Metal Hydrides,
Metallurgical Laboratory, Greenewalt,Hanford
     site, approval of,Los Alamos
     liaison, (see also Chicago lab)
Metallurgical Project,
Metals Reserve Corp.,
Military Intelligence, Alsos Project,
     "ungraded,"
Military Policy Committee, Akers'
    proposals,British-U.S. interchange,Bush and,demise,in operational plan,
     opposition to Oppenheimer,
     report to Roosevelt (Dec. 1942), Smyth Report,
    targets,uranium ore supply,
Mills, Earle,
Minissini, Vice Admiral,
Mission orders,
MIT, @
Mitchell, Dana P.,
Mitchell, Senator,
Monazite, sources of,
Monsanto Chemical Co.,
Montgomery, Bernard L.,
Moynihan, John F.,
Murphree, E. V.,

Nagasaki,
    bomb,bombing, date of,casualties,destruction,importance of,news dispatch,photo
    planes,POW camp,  shock waves,strike plane,

      target date,weather,
National Advisory Committee on
     X-Ray and Radium Protection,
National Defense Research Committee  (see NDRC)
Naval Research Laboratory,
Navy, U.S.,Bikini tests,bombing action,
    Bureau of Ships,intelligence,Los Alamos, and Project,scientists,thermal diffusion
    process, uranium research,
Nazis,Norway,
NDRC,
Neddermeyer, S. H.,
Nelson, Donald,
Netherlands East Indies,
New York,Project suboffices,
    uranium ore shipped to,
New York Herald Tribune,
New York Times,
Nichols, K. D., District
     Engineer,interchange of information,Oppenheimer letter,replaceability,
Niigata,target,
Nimitz, Chester W., power,Tinian,
Nobel Prize,status of
    holders,
Nolan, Capt,
Norstad, Lauris,
    Hiroshima,take-off base,
North Africa, invasion,
Norway, heavy water,
    underground,
Nuclear energy, ixn,(see
    Atomic energy)
Nuclear program, production methods,

Oak Ridge, accidents,
    atomic engineering training,

     complexity of problem,
     Congressmen at, electromagnetic plant,
     (see also Y-12); Fuchs and,
     gaseous diffusion process,
     labor force, leadership,medical program,
    morale, operational plan,postwar employment,
    press security,procedure
    with subcontractors,radiation
    training,security,school
    system,thermal diffusion
    plant, union leaders,
Occupation Forces, U.S.: Europe,Japan,
Office of the Chief of Engineers,
Office of Scientific Research and Development (see OSRD)
Okinawa,Japanese on,
Old, Bruce S.,
O'Leary, Mrs.,
ONI (see Navy, intelligence)
Operation Crossroads (see Bikini tests)
Operation Harborage,
Operational plans: directive,
    Groves' memorandum, organization,
Operations Planning Division (OPD)
    of General Staff,
Oppenheimer, J. Robert,Alamogordo, Conant
    letter on Los Alamos, Los
    Alamos: director, postwar program,
    loyalty, Groves on,Nagasaki
    bomb,Nichols uranium
    estimate,ordnance development,postwar developments,Project Y,resignation,salary,security
    risk,Smyth Report,targets, thermal diffusion
    process,
Oranienburg,bombing of,

Osaka Imperial University,
Osenberg, Prof.,
Oslo,
OSRD,
     Alsos,atomic program,establishment,S-I Executive Committee,scientists,Smyth Report,
     Uranium Committee,
OSS,in Alsos,atomic
     energy,
Overlord,

Pacific Coast, radio announcement of
     Alamogordo test,
Paris: atomic research,(see also
     Joliot-Curie); Alsos in,
     German occupation,liberation
     of,
Parish, W. A., Jr.,
Park, Richard,
Parker T. B.
Parsons, Capt.,
Parsons, William B.,
Parsons, William S., ; Bikini test,decision making,Hiroshima,Nagasaki  bomb, 
 Pash, Boris T., Brussels,chief of German mission,France, German
     scientific roundup, Operation  Harborage,Stassfurt
     mission,Strasbourg T-force,uranium ore capture,
 Patents, claims,
     du Pont rights,French,
 Patterson, Robert P., atomic policy,Japanese cyclotrons,
     legislation,military in
     Project,postwar developments,statement to
     House Military Affairs Committee,statement to Special Senate
     Committee on Atomic Energy,
 Patterson-Brown plan,

Pearson, Lester,
Peenemiinde,
Pegram, George B.,
Peierls, R.,
Penney, William G., ; decision 
   making,
Pentagon, construction,
    Smyth Report,
Perrin, Francis,
Perrin, Michael,Stassfurt mission,
Personnel Security Board,
Petain, Henri,
Peterson, Arthur V.,
Phelps Dodge Copper Products Co.,
Philadelphia Navy Yard,
Philippines,
Pile,cooling methods,control
     system,design,
     Fermi message,helium vs.
     water-cooled,location, number needed,radioactive
     isotopes,shielding for,
     test (Dec. 1942), water
     supply for, {see also Reactor)
Pilot reactor plant,
Planck, Max,
Plutonium,Alamogordo test,
     Germany,Los Alamos,
     military possibilities, obtaining,process,production, transportation of,
Plutonium plant: health hazards,
     priority,site, (see Hanford)
Plutonium project, amount
     needed per bomb, Compton
     estimates, construction,du Pont, engineering, operation, phenomenal achievement,production  phase,quantity production,  theoretical basis,
 Potsdam Conference, Truman at,ultimatum,

Press, American, cooperation of,
Press censorship, banned
    word list,principles of,
Press releases: on a-bombings,
      Alamogordo,Hiroshima, Pacific Theater,
Price, Byron,
Princeton University,
Project, the, a-bomb design {see Project Y); Centerboard,close of on Tinian,Congress 
     and, construction
    program,cooperation as success
    factor,copper problem,
    estimated cost,decision making, early phases in U.S.,extravagance, Fuchs
    mistake,funds,
    Groves in charge,hazards,information, handling of,
    insurance,internal organization, Japanese cyclotrons,
    letter of intent,members of,military importance,military-scientific friction,
     military staffing, naming,new organizations involved in,operational procedure,personnel recruitment,
    pilot reactor plant, policy
    supervision, power needs,press: censorship, releases, priority,production
    plants,raw materials {see
    Uranium ore supply); regular officers and, reorientation
     (1942), replacements,
    scientific staff, demobilization  of,secrecy,security,
     site,
     Smyth Report,speed, necessity  for,supply contracts,
     transactions, handling of,transition period, uncertainty,
     {see also Air unit and MED)
Project Y, construction
     requirements,Oppenheimer
     and, site, {see Los
     Alamos)

Pumpkin bombs,missions over
    Japan,planes for,
Purnell, W. R. E., xii,Nagasaki bomb,operational plan,two
    bombs theory,

Quebec Agreement, Article IV,breach
    in, postwar reappraisal, use of bomb,
Rabi, Isidor,
"Race track,"
Radiation,exposure,hazard, training in,
Radioactive isotopes,
Radioactive poisons, Germans and,
Radioactive warfare: Germans and,possibility of,
Radioactivity,hazard, in
    Plutonium formation,
Radium,
Rafferty, James A.,
Rand, South Africa,
Rank, in academic world,
Raw Materials Board,
Rayburn, Sam,
Rea, Charles E.,
Reactor,design {see under Hanford);  Clinton,Hanford,
    theory,
Read, Granville M.,
Reich Research Council,
Review Committee (Los Alamos),
Reybold, Eugene,
Richland,
Rickover, Hyman G.,
Rittner, T. H.,
Rjukan plant,
Robins, T. M.,
RogesGMBH,
Rome,Alsos in,
    U.S. capture of,
Roosevelt, Franklin D.,
    British-French atomic agreement,Bush,
    Cabinet,Churchill,

   death,Einstein letter,
   Executive Order creating OSRD,Groves,Hyde Park aidememoire, international relations,Navy and Project,
   Quebec Agreement,
   Top Policy Group, tripartite
   negotiations,uranium negotiations,U.S.-British
   interchange of information, use of bomb,
Rose, E. L.,
Royal Institute (London),
Russia,Alsos German operations and,espionage Berkeley
    lab,France and,-German relations,German  scientists,
    international control of atomic
    energy,Sweden,U.S.
    atomic development,
     -U.S. cooperation,
Russians: Fuchs and,-Truman
     at Potsdam,

S-l Committee,
 S-l Project,(see Manhattan  Project)
 Sabotage,bomb test and,K-25 plant,
 Sacks, Alexander,
 Safety precautions,
 Sahara Desert,
 Salton Sea,
 SAM laboratory,
 Sandia Base,
 Santa Fe,
 Saturday Evening Post,
 Schriver, Agent,
 Schumann, Erich,
  Schurcliff, W. S.,
  Scientific intelligence missions (see Alsos)
  Scientists: Alsos,limitations on,"Los Alamos, morality
      of a-bomb,postwar,Project, demobilization,
      security,(see also under nationality)
  Seaborg, Glenn T.,

Security, aims,Alamogordo,basic problem,
    bomb control,breaks,
     (see also Fuchs); British scientists, drawings,foreign-born
    employees,Los Alamos,
     major consideration,Oak Ridge, press
     (see Press censorship); scientists,silver program,slacking
     of,Smyth Report,
     test delay and,Tinian mission,Tinian-Los Alamos,
     top government officials,yardsticks,
 Selective Service,
 Self ridge, George,
 Semi-works, pluto-nium process,
 Sengier, Edgar, Combined
      Development Trust,
      MED,Medal of Merit,
 Separation plants: design,
      number needed,(see Oak Ridge)
  SHAEF,G-3,
  Shasta Dam,
  Shell Oil Co.,
  Sherman, Gen.,
  Shinkolobwe Mine,unit
      production cost,
  Sibert, E. L.,
  Silver program,
  Simon, F.,
  Skidmore, Owings and Merrill,
  Smith, Clayton F.,
  Smith, Cyril,
   Smith, F. L,
   Smith, Walter Bedell,Alsos,Operation Harborage,Stassfurt mission,
   Smuts, Jan,
   Smyth, Henry D.,
   Smyth Report,
   Snyder, Congressman,
   Somervell, Brehon,Congressional investigations,
   South Africa, uranium,
   Soviet Union (see Russia)

Spaak, Paul Henri,
Spaatz, Carl,
    Hiroshima,operational
    plans,
Spedding, F. H.,
Speer, Albert,
Sproul, Robert G.,
Stagg Field,
Stalin, Josef,
Standard Oil Development Corp.,
Stark, H. R.,
Stassfurt mission,
Staten Island, uranium storage,
Stearns, J. C,
Steinmetz, Buena M.,
Stettinius, Edward,uranium negotiations,
Stevens, W. A.,
Stimson, Henry L., atomic energy
    orders,bomb control,
    Bush,Combined Policy Committee, ; Congressional briefing, Eisenhower, letter to,Groves (on Alamogordo), Hiroshima,Hyde
    Park aide-memoire,information on bombing,Interim
     Committee, ; international controls, Kyoto,
     operational plans,at
     Potsdam, power,Presidential   representative,press
     release,resignation,
     Roosevelt,Smyth Report,
     targets, U.S.-British interchange,
     use of bomb,(see Operation Harborage)
Stine, Charles M. A.,
Stone and Webster,Los
     Alamos,Oak Ridge,
Stonehaven, Lord,
Strasbourg, Alsos in,
 Strassman, Fritz,
 Strauss, Lewis,
 Strikes,

Strong, G. V.,atomic
    intelligence activities,
Styer, W. D.,
    Military Policy Committee,
Submarine, atomic-powered,
Super-bomb,
Sutherland, R. K.,
Sweden,Alsos in,anti-
    Nazi scientists,uranium ore,
Sweeney, Charles W.,
Switzerland,Alsos in,anti-
    Nazi scientists,intelligence
     from,
Synthetic rubber program,
Szilard, Leo,

Taber, Congressman,
Tailfingen,
Tamm, E. A.,
Targets: choosing, cities selected, committee, POW
     camps,practice landings,
     reservation of,visual bombing,
Taylor, R. A., Jr.,
Teller, Edward,
Tennessee Eastman Co.,
Tennessee site,
Tennessee Valley Authority,(see TVA)
Thermal diffusion process,
     isotope separation column,
     S-50 security,site location,
Thin Man bomb,
     (see also Gun-type bomb)
Thomas, Charles,
 Thomas, Elmer,
Thorium, search for,
 Thornberg, T. R.,
Tibbets, Paul W.,take-off base,
 Tinian, 509th

    Group on,bomb delivery to, choosing,
    closing,during peace talks,field crews, ; Los
    Alamos group,Nagasaki
    bomb,security,
Tizard, Henry,
Tokyo,cyclotron news story, Institute for Physical and
    Chemical Research,Mac-
    Arthur headquarters,
Tolman, Richard, ; Alamogordo,decision
    making,Smyth Report, 
Top Policy Group,
Travancore, India,
Traynor, H. S.,
Trinity test,(see also Alamogordo); site,
Truman, Harry S., atomic
     legislation,Cabinet,Congressional visit to Oak
     Ridge,Groves (Alamogordo
     report),Hiroshima press release, information on
     bombing,international controls, Japanese invasion,postwar developments,
     Potsdam ultimatum,press release,responsibility for use of
     bomb, Senate Investigation
     Committee,Smyth Report,targets,
 Truman-Attlee-King Declaration,  
 Tube Alloys Project,  Canada,  Washington,  
 Turner Construction Co.,
 TVA,power for,
 Twining, Nathan,
 Tyler, G.R.,

 U-235,amount needed for bomb,in Hiroshima bomb,
     production,separating, U-238,

Union Carbide and Carbon Corp., uranium search,
Union Miniere,  German purchases from, ; ore in Europe,     purchase agreement with,
Unions: Ferguson Co.,security
    and,
United Nations: Article  
    nuclear controls,
United Press,
United States: Britain: interchange, postwar collaboration, Canadian interchange,  Combined Policy
     Committee (see Combined Policy
    Committee); committed to use of
    bomb,  German atomic energy
    program, .; German bomb
     threat,negotiations for uranium,(see also Combined Development Trust); patent laws, 
    postwar position, radium shipped to,responsibility
     for hazards, risks during war,scientists,-Russia: atomic position and, cooperation,tripartite agreement,
University of California,Los
     Alamos project,Radiation
     Laboratory,scientific discoveries,U-235 research, 5In (see Berkeley lab)
 University of Chicago,
     personnel policy,(see Chicago lab)
 University of Hamburg,
 University of Illinois,
 University of Munich,
 University of Strasbourg,
 Uranium: American payments for, atom,deadline for delivery,first shipment to Los
     Alamos,Germany and, irradiated,search for, separation, (see also under

    name of process and Oak Ridge);
    suppliers, tripartite
    agreement,value,
Uranium Committee,
     (see S-l Committee)
Uranium ore: Belgian stockpile,
    Congo supply,shipping,
    source,supply, (see
    Stassfurt mission)
Urey, Harold C, heavy water,radioactive
    poisoning,
U.S. Bureau of Standards,
U.S. Congress,legislation,MED, Project:
    briefing on, demobilization,
U.S. Employment Service,
U.S. House of Representatives: legislation,Military Affairs
    Committee, Groves, May-Johnson Bill hearings, Patterson,
U.S. Senate,Groves testimony, legislation, Special
     Committee on Atomic Energy, Groves, Patterson,
U.S. State Department,
     entry into atomic picture,German division,legislation,postwar developments,Project, first informed of,Russia,Sengier and,
U.S. Treasury,
U.S. War Department,
     atomic energy: diplomacy, policy,Information Office,Japanese cyclotrons, observation at bombing,press branch,restrictions
     on flight personnel, scientists,security,

 Vaughan, Harry,
 V-E Day,
 V-J Day,
 Vleck, J. H. Van,
 von Halban, Hans,

von Laue, Max,capture,
von Neumann, John,targets,
von Weizsacker, C. F.,reaction to Hiroshima,
"V" weapon,

WACs,
Wallace, Henry,
War, impossibility of,
War Manpower Commission,
War Production Board,
Wardenburg, F.A.C.,
Warren, Lindsay C,
Warren, Stafford,
Washington, D.C.,Alamogordo
    press release,Capitol,
    control, Hiroshima press release, Project
    headquarters,
Wegener, Al,
Welsh, Eric,
Wendover Field, code name,
West Point,
    Academic Board,Depository,
West Stands pile (see Stagg Field)
Westinghouse,Research Laboratories,
Whitaker, Martin D.,
White, James C,
White, Wallace H.,
White House,Alamogordo
     press release,Hiroshima announcement,interchange conference, Project liaison,
Wick, Dr.,
Wigner, Eugene,
Williams, R. B.,
Williams, Roger,
 Williams, T. C,
 Wilson, E. B.,
Wilson, Roscoe C,
Winant, John G.,
     British-French atomic agreement,
 Winne, Harry,

WirtschaftlicheForschungsGesellschaft (WIFO),
Wirtz, Dr.,
World War I,
World War II: American military requirements,German surrender,outbreak,U.S. entry  into,

Y-12,copper,hazards,
      lie detector,plant,
    problems, security,shutdowns,silver,
    value of materials,(see also
    Electromagnetic plant)
Yalta Conference,