Commonly Used Abbreviations in the Holman CSB
a.d. in the year of our Lord
alt alternate
a.m. from midnight until noon
Aq Aquila
Aram Aramaic
b.c. before Christ
c. circa
chap chapter
DSS Dead Sea Scrolls
Eng English
Gk Greek
Hb Hebrew
Jer Latin translation of Psalms by Jerome
Lat Latin
Lit Literally
LXX Septuagint—an ancient translation of the Old Testament into Greek
MT Masoretic Text
NT New Testament
ms(s) manuscript(s)
OT Old Testament
p.m. from noon until midnight
pl plural
Ps(s) psalm(s)
Sam Samaritan Pentateuch
sg singular
syn. synonym
Sym Symmachus
Syr Syriac
Tg Targum
Theod Theodotian
v., vv. verse, verses
Vg Vulgate—an ancient translation of the Bible into Latin
vol(s). volume(s)