Bibliography

Aarseth, E 1997, Cybertext: perspectives on ergodic literature, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

Abbas, A 1997, Hong Kong: culture and the politics of disappearance, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong.

Abercrombie, N & Longhurst, B 1998, Audiences: a sociological theory of performance and imagination, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Abercrombie, N, Hill, S, & Turner, BS 1980, The dominant ideology thesis, Allen & Unwin, Boston.

Aden, RC 1999, Popular stories and promised lands: fan cultures and symbolic pilgrimages, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.

Adorno, TW 1991, “The position of the narrator in the contemporary novel,” in R Tiedemann (ed.), Notes on literature, Columbia University Press, New York.

Alasuutari, P 1999a, “Introduction: three phases of reception studies,” in P Alasuutari (ed.), Rethinking the media audience, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Alasuutari, P (ed.) 1999b, Rethinking the media audience: the new agenda, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Algan, E 2003, “The problem of textuality in ethnographic audience research: lessons learned in Southeast Turkey,” in PD Murphy & MM Kraidy (eds.), Global media studies: ethnographic perspectives, Routledge, New York.

Alters, DF 2003, “We hardly watch that rude, crude show: class and taste in The Simpsons,” in CA Stabile & MT Harrison (eds.), Prime time animation: television animation and American culture, Routledge, New York.

Althorp, W 1879, “Musicians and music lovers,” Atlantic Monthly 43(256), 145–53.

American Historical Association 2005, Statement on standards of professional conduct. Retrieved December 14, 2005, from http://www.historians.org/pubs/Free/ProfessionalStandards.cfm.

Anderson, C 2006. The long tale: why the future of business is selling less of more, Hyperion, New York.

Andrejevic, M 2003, “Monitored mobility in the era of mass customization,” Space and Culture 6(2), 132–50.

Ang, I 1985, Watching Dallas: soap opera and the melodramatic imagination, Routledge, New York.

Appadurai, A 1990, “Disjuncture and difference in the global economy,” Theory, Culture, and Society 7, 295–310.

Armstrong, G 1998, Football hooligans: knowing the score, Berg, Oxford.

Arnold, A 1991, Hindi filmi geet. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois, UrbanaChampaign.

Askwith, I 2005, “TV you’ll want to pay for: how $2 downloads can revive network television,” Slate, 1 November. Retrieved April 2, 2006, from http://www.slate.com/id/2129003.

Asmodeus 1850, The Jenny Lind mania in Boston; or, a sequel to Barnum’s Parnassus, publisher unknown, Boston.

Augé, M 1995 Non-Places, Verso, London.

Auslander, P 1999, Liveness: performance in a mediatised culture, Routledge, New York.

Babiniotis, G 1998, Lexicon of modern Greek, Center of Lexicology, Athens (in Greek).

Back, L, Crabbe, T, & Solomos, J 2001, The changing face of football: racism, identity, and multiculture in the English game, Berg, Oxford.

Bacon-Smith, C 1992, Enterprising women: television fandom and the creation of popular myth, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.

Bailey, S 2005, Media audiences and identity: self-construction in the fan experience, Palgrave-Macmillan, New York.

Bakhtin, MM 1981, The dialogic imagination, trans. C Emerson & M Holquist, University of Texas Press, Austin.

Bale, J 1993, Sport, space, and the city, Routledge, New York.

Band, J & Schruers, M 2005, “Dastar, attribution, and plagiarism,” AIPLA Quarterly Journal 33, 1–23.

Barker, M & Brooks, K 1998, Knowing audiences: Judge Dredd, its friends, fans, and foes, University of Luton Press, Luton, UK.

Barker, M, Arthurs, J & Harindranath, R 2001, The Crash controversy: censorship and film reception, Wallflower, New York.

Barthes, R 1972, Mythologies, Hill & Wang, New York.

Barthes, R 1977, Image, music, text, Fontana Press, London.

Barthes, R 2005, The neutral, Columbia University Press, New York.

Baudrillard, J 1990, Fatal strategies, Semiotext(e), New York.

Baudrillard, J 1996, Cool memories II, Duke University Press, Durham, NC.

Baudrillard, J 2003a, Cool memories IV, Verso, London.

Baudrillard, J 2003b, Passwords, Verso, London.

Bauman, Z 1998a, “Exit visas and entry tickets: the paradox of Jewish assimilation,” Telos 77, 45–77.

Bauman, Z 1998b, Globalization: the human consequences, Polity, Cambridge, UK.

Baym, NK 2000, Tune in, log on: soaps, fandom, and online community, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

BBC News 2005, “Bush’s iPod reveals music tastes,” 13 April. Retrieved January 31, 2006, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4435639.stm.

Because AUs Make Us Happy n.d. Retrieved December 13, 2005, from http://strangeplaces.net/challenge/five.html.

Beekley, N 1849, diary, octavo vol. 1, American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, MA.

Benjamin, W 1968, “The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction,” in Illuminations, Schocken Books, New York.

Benjamin, W 1983, Das Passagen-Werk, R. Tiedemann (ed.), Suhrkamp, Frankfurt aM.

Bennett, A & Kahn-Harris, K 2004, After subcultures: critical studies in contemporary youth culture, Palgrave MacMillan, London.

Bennett, A & Peterson, RA 2004, Music scenes: local, translocal, and virtual, Van-derbilt University Press, Nashville, TN.

Bennett, S 1997, Theatre audiences: a theory of production and reception, Routledge, New York.

Bertrand, B 2004, “Yardtards and backyard BS.” Retrieved November 20, 2005, from http://www.obsessedwithwrestling.com/columns/brianbertrand/03.html.

Bérubé, M (ed.) 2005, The aesthetics of cultural studies, Blackwell, Oxford.

Bielby, DD, Harrington, CL, & Bielby, W 1999, “Whose stories are they? Fan’s engagement with soap opera narratives in three sites of fan activity,” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 43(4), 35–51.

Bielby, DD, Moloney, M, & Harrington, CL n.d., “Where in the world is fan studies?” manuscript in preparation.

Bird, SE 1992, For enquiring minds: a cultural study of supermarket tabloids, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.

Bird, SE 2003, The audience in everyday life: living in a media world, Routledge, New York.

Bird, SE & Barber, J 2002, “Constructing a virtual ethnography,” in M Angrosino (ed.), Doing anthropology: projects for ethnographic data collection, Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, IL.

Blau, A 2005, “The future of independent media,” Deeper News 10(1). Retrieved April 2, 2006, from http://www.gbn.com/ArticleDisplayServlet.srv?aid=34045.

Bogiopoulos, N & Milakas D 2005, A religion with no disbelievers: football, Livanis Publications, Athens (in Greek).

Bourdieu, P 1984, Distinction: a social critique of the judgment of taste, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Bourdieu, P 1993, The field of cultural production, Polity, Cambridge, UK.

Bourdieu, P 1998, Pascalian meditations, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.

Bourdieu, P 1999, “Structures, habitus, practices,” in A Elliot (ed.), Contemporary social theory, Blackwell, New York.

Bowers, A 2006, “Reincarnating The West Wing: could the canceled NBC drama be reborn on iTunes?” Slate, January 24. Retrieved April 2, 2006, from http://www.slate.com/id/2134803/.

Brimson, D & Brimson, E 1996, Everywhere we go, Headline, London.

Brook, M n.d., The fan fiction FAQ. Retrieved December 13, 2005, from http://www.meljeanbrook.com/fanficread.php?file=fanficfaq.html&title=The%20Fan%20Fiction%20FAQ.

Brooker, W 2002, Using the force: creativity, community, and Star Wars fans, Continuum, New York.

Brooker, W 2004, “Living on Dawson’s Creek: teen viewers, cultural convergence, and television overflow,” in RC Allen & A Hill (eds.), The television studies reader, Routledge, New York.

Brooker, W 2005a, Alice’s adventures: Lewis Carroll in popular culture, Continuum, New York.

Brooker, W (ed.) 2005b, The Blade Runner experience: the legacy of a science fiction classic, Wallflower, New York.

Brown, J 2001, “Personalize me, baby,” Salon, April 6, 2005. Retrieved November 8, 2005, from http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2001/04/06/personalization/print.html.

Brown, ME 1994, Soap opera and women’s talk: the pleasure of resistance, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.

Bryant, WC II & Voss, TG (eds.) 1975, Letters of William Cullen Bryant, vol. 2, Fordham University Press, New York.

Bryce, J & Rutter, J 2001, “In the game—in the flow: presence in public computer gaming,” poster presented at Computer Games and Digital Textualities, IT University of Copenhagen, March. Retrieved October 10, 2005, from http://www.digiplay.org.uk/Game.php.

Bryce, J & Rutter, J 2003, “Gender dynamics and the social and spatial organization of computer gaming,” Leisure Studies 22, 1–15.

Bryce, J & Rutter, J 2006, “Digital games and the violence debate,” in J Bryce and J Rutter (eds.) Understanding digital games, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Burkart, P & McCourt, T 2006, Digital music wars: ownership and control of the celestial jukebox, Rowman & Littlefield, Boulder, CO.

Burr, V 2005, “Scholar/’shippers and Spikeaholics: academic and fan identities at the Slayage Conference on Buffy the Vampire Slayer,” European Journal of Cultural Studies 8(3), 375–83.

Butsch, R 2000, The making of American audiences: from stage to television, 1750–1990, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Callahan, M 2005, “Potterheads: wizards of odd,” New York Post, 15 November, 46–47.

Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 US 569, 580 (1994).

Carr, D 2003, “For the press, a case that is an irresistible draw,” New York Times, 5 June, C5.

Cavicchi, D 1998, Tramps like us: music and meaning among Springsteen fans, Oxford University, New York.

Cavicchi, D 2004, “Fans and fan clubs,” in G Cross et al. (eds.), Encyclopedia of recreation and leisure in America, vol. 1, Scribner’s, New York.

Chantraine, P 1964, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue Grecque, Klincksick Editions, Paris.

Choi, Y 2000, “Han Suk-kyu stops official activity for recharging,” Daily Sports, 15 January. Retrieved January 6, 2006, from http://enportssvc.joins.com.

Choicestream 2004, “eMusic licenses ChoiceStream’s MyBestBets personalization platform to power groundbreaking ‘Neighbors’ and ‘Top Fans’ features.” [Press Release] 22 September. Retrieved November 8, 2005, from http://www.choices-tream.com/pdf/cs_press_040922.pdf.

Chopra, A 2006, “Amitabh Bachchan has a cold,” New York Times, 12 February. Retrieved March 1, 2006, from http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/12/movie/12chop.html.

Ciecko, A 2002, “Ways to sink the Titanic: contemporary box-office successes in the Philippines, Thailand, and South Korea,” Tamkang Review 13(2), 1–29.

Ciecko, A 2004, “Muscle, market value, telegenesis, cyberpresence: the new Asian movie star in the global economy of masculine images,” in P Petro & T Oren (eds.), Global currents: media and technology now, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ.

Cine 21 2002, “We met Han Suk-kyu who came back with a movie after three years,” 2 May. Retrieved January 6, 2006, from http://www.cine21.co.kr.

Clapp, WE Jr. 1968 [1853], A record of the Boston stage, Benjamin Blom, New York.

Clark, D 2000, “New Web sites seek to shape public’s taste in music,” Wall Street Journal, 14 November, B1.

Click, MA forthcoming, It’s “a good thing”: the commodification of femininity, affluence, and whiteness in the Martha Stewart phenomenon, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Coddington, A 1997, One of the lads: women who follow football, HarperCollins, London.

Consalvo, M 2003, “Cyber-slaying media fans: code, digital poaching, and corporate control of the Internet,” Journal of Communication Inquiry 27(1), 67–86.

Coontz, S 1992, The way we never were: American families and the nostalgia trap, Basic Books, New York.

Cooper-Chen, A 1994, “Global games, entertainment, and leisure: women as TV spectators,” in PJ Creedon (eds.), Women, media, and sport, Sage, London.

Corliss, R 2004, “In the mood for rapture” in Time Asia Online. Retrieved August 15, 2005, from http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673, 501040531-641205,00.html.

Corner, J 1999, Critical ideas in television studies, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Corner, J 2003, review of The place of media power: pilgrims and witnesses of the media age, Media Culture & Society, 25(3), 424–26.

Couldry, N 2000, The place of media power: pilgrims and witnesses of the media age, Routledge, New York.

Couldry, N 2003, “Passing ethnographies: rethinking the sites of agency and reflexivity in a mediated world,” in PD Murphy & M Kraidy (eds.), Global media studies: ethnographic perspectives, Routledge, New York.

Couldry, N 2005, “The extended audience: scanning the horizon,” in M Gillespie (ed.), Media audiences, Open University Press, Maidenhead, UK.

Craib, I 1998, Experiencing identity, Sage, London.

Crane, D 2002, “Culture and globalization: theoretical models and emerging trends,” in D Crane, N Kawashima, & K Kawasaki (eds.), Global culture: media, arts, policy, and globalization, Routledge, New York.

Crane, G 1998, Thucydides and the ancient simplicity: the limits of political realism, University of California Press, Berkeley.

Crawford, G 2002, “Cultural tourists and cultural trends: commercialization and the coming of The Storm,” Culture, Sport, Society 5(1), 21–38.

Crawford, G 2003, “The career of the sport supporter: the case of the Manchester Storm,” Sociology 37(2), 219–37.

Crawford, G 2004, Consuming sport: sport, fans, and culture, Routledge, New York.

Crawford, G 2005a, “Digital gaming, sport, and gender,” Leisure Studies 24(3), 259–70.

Crawford, G 2005b, “Sensible soccer: sport fandom and the rise of digital gaming,” in JMA Bairner & A Tomlinson (eds.), The bountiful game? Football identities and finances, Meyer & Meyer Sport, Oxford.

Crawford, G 2006, “The cult of Champ Man: the culture and pleasures of Championship Manager/Football Manager gamers,” Information, Communication, and Society 9(4), 496–514.

Crawford, G & Gosling, VK 2004, “The myth of the puck bunny: female fans and men’s ice hockey,” Sociology 38(3), 477–93.

Crawford, G & Gosling, VK 2005, “Toys of boy? The continued marginalization and participation of women as digital gamers,” Sociological Research Online 10(1). Retrieved October 10, 2005, from http://www.socresonline.org.uk/10/1/crawford.html.

Csikszentmihalyi, M 2002, Flow: the classic work on how to achieve happiness, Rider, London.

Curtin, M 2003, “Media capital: towards the study of spatial flows,” International Journal of Cultural Studies 6(2), 202–28.

Dahlgren, P 1995, Television and the public sphere: citizenship, democracy, and the media, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Dall, CH 1849–1851, journal, Caroline Healey Dall papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.

Dannen, F & Long, B 1997, Hong Kong Babylon: an insider’s guide to the Hollywood of the East, Faber & Faber, London.

Darling-Wolf, F 2004, “Virtually multicultural: trans-Asian identity and gender in an international fan community of a Japanese star,” in New Media & Society 6(4), 507–28.

Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth-Century Fox Film Corp., 539 US 23 (2003).

Davies, T 1992, “Why can’t a woman be more like a fan?” in D Bull (ed.), We’ll support you evermore, Gerald Duckworth, London.

Day, I 1990, Sorting the men out from the boys: masculinity, a missing link in the sociology of sport, Sheffield Hallam University Press, Sheffield, UK.

De Certeau, M 1984, The practice of everyday life, University of California Press, Berkeley.

De Saussure, F 1974, Course in general linguistics, trans. W Baskin, Collins, London.

De Zengotita, T 2005, Mediated: how the media shape your world, Bloomsbury, London.

Debord, G 1994, Society of the spectacle, trans. D Nicholson-Smith, Zone, New York.

Deem, R 1982, “Women, leisure, and inequality,” Leisure Studies 1(1), 29–46.

Deem, R 1986, All work and no play? Open University Press, Milton Keynes, UK.

Dell, C 1998, “‘Lookit that hunk of a man’: subversive pleasures, female fandom, and professional wrestling” in C Harris & A Alexander (eds.), Theorizing fandom: fans, subculture, and identity, Hampton, Cresskill, NJ.

Desser, D 2003, “Consuming Asia: Chinese and Japanese popular culture and the American imaginary,” in JKW Lau (ed.), Multiple modernities: cinema and popular media in transcultural East Asia, Temple University Press, Philadelphia.

Devine, F 2004, Class practices: how parents help their children get good jobs, Cambridge University Press, New York.

Devine, F et al. (eds.) 2004, Rethinking class: cultures, identities, and lifestyles, Palgrave, New York.

Dickey, S 1993, Cinema and the urban poor in South India, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Dictionary of American Slang 1967, Thomas Y Crowell, New York.

DiLullo, T 2003, “Tom Lenk,” Altzone.com. Retrieved May 2, 2003, from http://www.buffy.nu.

Dizikes, J 1993, Opera in America: a cultural history, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

Doss, E 1992, Elvis culture: fans, faith, and image, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.

Drake, A 1897, travel diary, Special Collections, mss. 315, Library of the School of Music, Yale University, New Haven, CT.

Drotner, K 2000, “Difference and diversity: trends in young Danes’ media cultures,” Media, Culture, and Society 22(2), 149–66.

Duncan, MC & Messner, MA 1998, “The media image of sport and gender,” in LA Wenner (ed.), MediaSport, Routledge, New York.

Dunglison, R 1833, New dictionary of medical science and literature, C Bowen, Boston.

Dworkin, SL & Messner MA 2002, “Just do … what? Sport, bodies, gender,” in S Scratton & A Flintoff (eds.), Gender and sport: a reader, Routledge, New York.

Eagleton, T 1996, Literary theory: an introduction, second edition, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.

Eco, U 1994, The limits of interpretation, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.

Ehrenreich, B, Hess, E, & Jacobs, G 1992, “Beatlemania: girls just want to have fun,” in LA Lewis (ed), The adoring audience: fan culture and popular media, Routledge, New York.

Elias, N & Dunning, E (eds.) 1986, Quest for excitement: sport and leisure in the civilizing process, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.

Elliott, A 1999, The mourning of John Lennon, University of California Press, Berkeley.

ELSPA 2005, “Computer and video games: important facts at your fingertips.” Retrieved November 4, 2005, from http://www.elspa.com/serv/factcards/Fact_Card_01.pdf.

ESA 2004, Entertainment Software Association. Retrieved October 10, 2005, from http://www.theesa.com.

Eskelinen, M & Tronstad, R 2003, “Video Games as Configurative Performances,” in MJP Wolf & B Perron (eds.), The video game theory reader, Routledge, New York.

Eversmann, P 2003, “The experience of the theatrical event,” in V Cremona et al. (eds.), Theatrical events: borders, dynamics, frames, Rodopi, Amsterdam.

FA 2003, “Background and Brief History,” The Football Association. Retrieved November 22, 2005, from http://www.thefa.com/Womens/Reference-FAQ/Postings/2003/1.

Featherstone, M 1991, Consumer culture and postmodernism, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.

Fine, J & Friedman, W 2003, “Martha partners offer lukewarm support,” Advertising Age 74(23), 1.

Fink, JS, Trail, GT, & Anderson, DF 2002, “Environmental factors associated with spectator attendance and sport consumption behaviour: gender and team differences in sport,” Marketing Quarterly 11(1), 8–19.

Fish, S 1981, “Why no one’s afraid of Wolfgang Iser,” Diacritics 11(1), 2–13.

Fiske, J 1987, Television culture, Routledge, New York.

Fiske, J 1989, Understanding popular culture, Unwin Hyman, Boston.

Fiske, J 1992, “The cultural economy of fandom,” in LA Lewis (ed.), The adoring audience: fan culture and popular media, Routledge, New York.

Foley, M 1999, Have a nice day: a tale of blood and sweatsocks, HarperCollins, New York.

Ford S 2006, Fanning the flames: ten ways to embrace and cultivate fan communities, white paper written for Convergence Culture Consortium, MIT.

Free, M & Hughson, J 2003, “Settling accounts with hooligans: gender blindness in football supporter subculture research,” Men and Masculinities 6(2), 136–55.

Freedman, J 1983, “Will the Sheik use his blinding fireball? The ideology of professional wrestling,” in FE Manning (ed.), The celebration of society: perspectives on cultural performance, Popular Press, Bowling Green, OH.

Friedman, EG & Squire, C 1998, Morality USA, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

Fromme, J 2003, “Computer games as a part of children’s culture,” Game Studies 3(1). Retrieved October 10, 2005, from http://www.gamestudies.org/0301/fromme.

Frontani, M 2002, “‘Beatlepeople’: Gramsci, the Beatles, and Rolling Stone magazine,” American Journalism 12(3), 39–61.

Frow, J 1987, “Accounting for tastes: some problems in Bourdieu’s sociology of culture,” Cultural Studies 1(1), 59–73.

Frow, J 1995, Cultural studies and cultural value, Clarendon, Oxford.

Gallagher, B 1997, “Greta Garbo is sad: some historical reflections on the paradoxes of stardom in the American film industry, 1910–1960,” Images: A Journal of Popular Culture 3. Retrieved November 8, 2005, from http://www.imagesjournal.com/issue03/infocus/stars9.htm.

Gansing, K 2003, “The myth of interactivity? interactive films as an imaginary genre,” paper presented at MelbourneDAC2003 conference. Retrieved October 10, 2005, from http://hypertext.rmit.edu.au/dac/papers/Gansing.pdf.

Gee, JP 2004, Situated language and learning: a critique of traditional schooling, Routledge, New York.

Geraghty, C 2003, “Aesthetics and quality in popular television drama,” International Journal of Cultural Studies 6(1), 25–45.

Giddens, A 1991, Modernity and self-identity: self and society in the late modern age, Polity, Cambridge, UK.

Gillmor, D 2003, “Moving toward participatory journalism,” Nieman Reports 57(3), 79–80.

Giulianotti, R 1991, “Scotland’s Tartan Army in Italy: the case for the carnivalesque,” Sociological Review 39(3), 503–27.

Giulianotti, R 1995, “Participant observation and research into football hooliganism: reflections on the problems of entrée and everyday risks.” Sociology of Sport Journal 12(1), 1–20.

Giulianotti, R 2002, “Supporters, followers, fans, and flaneurs: a taxonomy of spectator identities in football,” Journal of Sport and Social Issues 26(1), 25–46.

Giulianotti, R 2005, Sport: a critical sociology, Polity, Cambridge, UK.

Glynn, K 2000, Tabloid culture: trash taste, popular power, and the transformation of American television, Duke University Press, Durham, NC.

Goffman, E 1968, Stigma: notes on the management of spoilt identity, Penguin, Harmondsworth, UK.

Goldberg, M 2000, “Mood radio,” San Francisco Bay Guardian, 5 November. Retrieved November 8, 2005, from http://sfbg.com/noise/05/mood.html.

Goldman, A 2001, The lives of John Lennon, reprint, Review Press, Chicago.

Gorn, EJ & Goldstein, W 1993, A brief history of American sports, Hill and Wang, New York.

Gottlieb, A 2002, “Buffy’s angels,” Oakland’s Urbanview, 25 September. Retrieved May 2, 2003, from http://www.metroactive.com/urbanview/9.25.02/buffy1–0239.html.

Gottlieb, J & Wald, G 1994, “Smells like teen spirit: riot grrrls, revolution, and women in independent rock,” in A Ross & T Rose (eds.), Microphone fiends: youth music and youth culture, Routledge, New York.

Gottschalk, LM 1881, Notes of a pianist, JB Lippincott, Philadelphia.

Gouk, P 2004, “Raising spirits and restoring souls: early modern medical explanations for music’s effects,” in V Erlmann (ed.), Hearing cultures: essays on sound, listening, and modernity, Berg, London.

Gramophone 2006. January 26, 13.

Gran, J 1999, Fan fiction and copyright. Retrieved December 13, 2005, from http://www.alternateuniverses.com/judygran/copyright.html.

Gray, J 2003, “New audiences, new textualities: anti-fans and non-fans,” International Journal of Cultural Studies 6(1), 64–81.

Gray, J 2005, “Anti-fandom and the moral text: Television without Pity and textual dislike,” American Behavioral Scientist 48(7), 840–58.

Gray, J 2006, Watching with The Simpsons: television, parody, and intertextuality, Routledge, New York.

Gripsrud, J 1995, The Dynasty years: Hollywood television and critical media studies, Routledge, New York.

Gripsrud, J 1999, “‘High culture’ revisited,” Cultural Studies 3(2), 194–207.

Grossberg, L 1984a, “Another boring day in paradise: rock and roll and the empowerment of everyday life,” Popular Music 4, 225–58.

Grossberg, L 1984b, “I’d rather feel bad than not feel anything at all: rock and roll, pleasure, and power,” Enclitic 8, 94–111.

Grove, L 2004, “We’ll never have Paris again,” Daily News, 23 December. Retrieved September 11, 2005, from http://www.dailynews.com/front/story/264804p-226754c.html.

Guernsey, L 2003, “Making intelligence a bit less artificial,” New York Times, 1 May, G5.

Guttmann, A 1986, Sports spectators, Columbia University Press, New York.

Guttmann, A 1994, Games and empire, Columbia University Press, New York.

Gwenllian-Jones, S 2003, “Web wars: resistance, online fandom, and studio censorship,” in M Jancovich & J Lyons (eds.), Quality popular television: cult TV, the industry, and fans, BFI, London.

Habermas, J 1989, The structural transformation of the public sphere: an inquiry into a category of bourgeois society, trans. Thomas Burger, Polity, Cambridge, UK.

Harrington, CL & Bielby, DD 1995, Soap fans: pursuing pleasure and making meaning in everyday life, Temple University Press, Philadelphia.

Harrington, CL & Bielby, DD 2005a, “Flow, home, and media pleasures,” Journal of Popular Culture 38, 834–54.

Harrington, CL & Bielby, DD (eds.) 2005b, “New Directions in Fan Studies,” American Behavioral Scientist, 48.7.

Harris, C 1998, “A sociology of television fandom,” in C Harris & A Alexander (eds.), Theorizing fandom: fans, subculture, and identity, Hampton, Cresskill, NJ.

Harrison, T 1996, “Interview with Henry Jenkins,” in T Harrison et al. (eds.), Enterprise zones: critical positions on Star Trek, Westview, Boulder, CO.

Hartley, J 1999, The uses of television, Routledge, New York.

Harvey, D 1990, The condition of postmodernity: an inquiry into the origins of cultural change, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.

Hayes, S 2002, “Theatre audiences as communities,” Salford Papers in Sociology 32, Institute for Social Research, University of Salford, Salford, UK.

Hayward, J 1997, Consuming pleasures: active audiences and serial fictions from Dickens to soap opera, University Press of Kentucky, Lexington.

Haywood, T 1996, A brief history of female football fans, SNCCFR, University of Leicester. Retrieved November 22, 2005, from http://www.le.ac.uk/sociology/css/resources/factsheets/fs9.pdf.

Haywood, T & Williams, J 2002, Women and football, SNCCFR, University of Leicester. Retrieved November 22, 2005, from http://www.le.ac.uk/sociology/css/resources/factsheets/fs5.pdf.

Heidegger, M 1962 [1927], Being and time, Blackwell, Oxford.

Heo, M 2002, “Closing accounts of 2003 Korean film: a conversation between Jung Sung-Il, Kim So-young, and Heo Moon-young,” Cine 21, 3 December. Retrieved January 6, 2005, from http://www.cine21.co.kr.

Hermes, J 1995, Reading women’s magazines: an analysis of everyday media use, Polity, Cambridge, UK.

Higgins, C 2006, “Bach in demand: listeners hail Radio 3 festival a huge success,” Guardian, 5 January. Retrieved January 6, 2005, from http://www.guardian.co.uk.

Hills, M 1999, The dialectic of value: the sociology and psychoanalysis of cult media, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Sussex, UK.

Hills, M 2002, Fan cultures, Routledge, New York.

Hills, M 2003, “Star Wars in fandom, film theory, and the museum: the cultural status of the cult blockbuster,” in Julian Stringer (ed.), Movie Blockbusters, Routledge, New York.

Hills, M 2004, “Dawson’s Creek: ‘quality teen TV’ and ‘mainstream cult’?” in G Davis & K Dickinson (eds.), Teen TV: genre, consumption, and identity, BFI, London.

Hills, M 2005a, The pleasures of horror, Continuum, New York.

Hills, M 2005b, How to do things with cultural theory, Hodder Arnold, London.

Hills, M 2005c, “Ringing the changes: cult distinctions and cultural differences in US fans’ readings of Japanese horror cinema,” in J McRoy (ed.), Japanese horror cinema, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.

Hills, M 2005d, “Who wants to be a fan of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Scholarly television criticism, ‘popular aesthetics,’ and academic tastes,” in C Johnson & R Turnock (eds.), ITV cultures: independent television over fifty years, Open University Press, Maidenhead, UK.

Hinerman, S 1992, “I’ll be here with you’: fans, fantasy, and the figure of Elvis,” in LA Lewis (ed.), The adoring audience: fan culture and popular media, Routledge, New York.

Hobson, D 1982, Crossroads: the drama of a soap opera, Methuen, London.

Hofacre, S 1994, “The women’s audience in professional indoor soccer,” Sports Marketing Quarterly 3(2), 25–27.

Hoffman, W 1850, diary, BV Hoffman, William, New-York Historical Society, NewYork.

Holub, RC 1992, Crossing borders: reception theory, poststructuralism, deconstruction, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.

Homer 1999 [ca. 700 B.c.], The Iliad Books 1–12, trans. AT Murray, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Hong, F 2003, “Soccer: a world sport for women,” Soccer and Society 4(2–3), 268–70.

Hoover, S, Clark, LS, & Alters, DF, with Champ, J & Hood, L 2004, Media, home, and family, Routledge, New York.

Horkheimer, M & Adorno, TW 1972 [1944], Dialectic of enlightenment, Seabury, New York.

Hu, K 2005, “The power of circulation: digital technologies and the online Chinese fans of Japanese TV drama,” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 6(2): 171–86.

Hughes, S 2003, “Pride of place,” Seminar 525. Retrieved February 23, 2004, from http://www.india-seminar.com/2003/525.htm.

Hunt, L 2003, “Kung fu cult masters: stardom, performance, and ‘authenticity’ in Hong Kong martial arts films,” in M Jancovich et al. (ed.), Defining cult movies: the cultural politics of oppositional taste, Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK.

Hunter, IQ & Kaye, H 1997, “Introduction,” in D Cartmell et al. (eds.), Trash aesthetics: popular culture and its audience, Pluto, Chicago.

IDSA 2002, “Essential facts about the computer and video game industry.” Retrieved October 10, 2005, from http://www.idsa.com/IDSABooklet.pdf.

In Y 2002, “Other Han Suk-kyu’s film personas and their limits,” Pool 13(1), 34–67.

Ingarden, R 1973, The cognition of the literary work of art, Northwestern University Press, Evanston, IL.

Interrogate the Internet 1995, “Contradictions in cyberspace: collective response,” in R Shields (ed.), Cultures of Internet: virtual spaces, real histories, living bodies, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Iser, W 1971, “Indeterminacy and the reader’s response in prose fiction,” in JH Miller (ed.), Aspects of narrative, Columbia University Press, New York.

Iser, W 1978, The act of reading: a theory of aesthetic response, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.

ISFE 2005, “Video gamers in Europe—2005.” Retrieved November 4, 2005, from http://www.isfe-eu.org.

Jacobs, J 2001, “Issues of judgment and value in television studies,” International Journal of Cultural Studies 4(4), 427–47.

Jameson, F 1981, The political unconscious: narrative as a socially symbolic act, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.

Jancovich, M 2002, “Cult fictions: cult movies, subcultural capital, and the production of cultural distinction,” Cultural Studies 16(2), 306–22.

Jancovich, M et al. (eds.) 2003, Defining cult movies: the cultural politics of oppositional taste, Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK.

Jancovich, M & Hunt, N 2004, “The mainstream, distinction and cult TV,” in S Gwenllian-Jones & R Pearson (eds.), Cult television, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

Jansz, J & Martens, L 2005, “Gaming at a LAN event: the social context of playing video games,” New Media and Society 7(3), 333–55.

Jauss, HR 1982, Toward an aesthetic of reception, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

Jenkins, H 1988, “Star Trek rerun, reread, rewritten: fan writing as textual poaching,” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 5(2), 85–107.

Jenkins, H 1992, Textual poachers: television fans and participatory culture, Routledge, New York.

Jenkins, H 1997, “Never trust a snake! WWF Wrestling as masculine melodrama,” in A Baker & T Boyd (eds.), Out of bounds: sports, media, and the politics of identity, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.

Jenkins, H 2000, “Digital land grab,” Technology Review 103(2), 103–5.

Jenkins, H 2001, “Intensities interviews Henry Jenkins,” Intensities: The Journal of Cult Media 2. Retrieved October 5, 2004, from http://www.cult-media.com/issue2/CMRjenk.htm.

Jenkins, H 2002, “Interactive Audiences?” in D Harries (ed.), The new media book, BFI, London.

Jenkins, H 2003, “Playing our song? digital renaissance,” 2 July. Retrieved November 8, 2005, from http://www.mittechnologyreview.com/articles/03/07/wo_jenkins070203.asp.

Jenkins, H 2005a, “Games, the new lively art,” in J Raessens & J Golstein (eds.), Handbook of computer game studies, MIT Press, Cambridge.

Jenkins, H 2005b, “I want my Geek TV!” Flow 3(1). Retrieved April 2, 2006, from http://jot.communication.utexas.edu/flow/?jot=view&id=936.

Jenkins, H 2006, Convergence culture: where old and new media collide, NYU Press, New York.

Jensen, J 1992, “Fandom as pathology: the consequences of characterization,” in LA Lewis (ed.), The adoring audience: fan culture and popular media, Routledge, New York.

Jewkes, Y 2002, Captive audience: media, masculinity, and power in prisons, Willan, Portland, OR.

Jhally, S (dir.) 2003, Wrestling with manhood: gender, race, and class in professional wrestling, Media Education Foundation, Northampton, MA.

Johnson, R 2005, “Laguna boor,” New York Post, 20 November, 6.

Johnson, S 2005, Everything bad is good for you: how today’s popular culture is actually making you smarter, Riverhead, New York.

Jones, I & Lawrence, L 2000, “Identity and gender in sport and media fandom: an exploratory comparison of fans attending football matches and Star Trek conventions,” in S Scraton & B Watson (eds.), Sport, leisure identities, and gendered spaces, LSA, Brighton, UK.

Jossie, F n.d., “Net perceptions hits the big time.” Retrieved November 8, 2005, from http://www.interactive-pioneers.org/net_perceptions.html.

Juluri, V 2003a, “‘Ask the West, will dinosaurs come back?’ Indian audiences/global audience studies,” in PD Murphy & MM Kraidy (eds.), Global media studies: ethnographic perspectives, Routledge, New York.

Juluri, V 2003b, Becoming a global audience: longing and belonging in Indian music television, Peter Lang, New York.

Kasson, JF 1990, Rudeness and civility: manners in nineteenth-century America, Hill & Wang, New York.

Kellner, D 1997, “Cultural studies vs. political economy: overcoming the divide,” Illuminations. Retrieved September 1, 2005, from http://www.uta.edu/huma/illuminations/ke114.htm.

Kelly, W (ed.) 2004, Fanning the flames: fans and consumer culture in contemporary Japan, State University of New York Press, New York.

Kennedy, H 2002, “Lara Croft: feminist icon or cyberbimbo? On the limits of textual analysis,” Game Studies 2(2). Retrieved November 2, 2005, from http://www.gamestudies.org/0202/kennedy.

Kerbel, M 2000, If it bleeds, it leads: an anatomy of television news, Westview, Boulder, CO.

Kerr, A et al. 2004, New Media: New Media Pleasures? STeM Working Paper: Final Research Report of a Pilot Research Project. Retrieved October 10, 2005, from http://www.comms.dcu.ie/kerra/source%20files/text/NMP_working%20paper%20final.pdf.

Kerr, A, Brereton, P & Kücklich, J 2005, “New Media—New Pleasures?” International Journal of Cultural Studies 8(3), 375–94.

Kim, HM 2004, “Feminization of the 2002 World Cup and women’s fandom,” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 5(1), 42–51.

Kim, K 2004, The remasculinization of Korean cinema, Duke University Press, Durham, NC.

Kim, S 2002, “Net documentaries and blockbusters in South Korea,” Documentary Box #20. Retrieved September 13, from http://www.city.yamagata. yamagata.jp/yidff/docbox/docbox2-e.html.

Kim, Y 2003, “Han Suk-kyu came back as double agent,” Cine 21, 21 January. Retrieved January 6, 2006, from http://www.cine21.co.kr.

Kinder, M 1991, Playing with power in movies, television, and video games: from Muppet Babies to Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, University of California Press, Berkeley.

King v. Innovation Books, 976 F.2d 824 (2d Cir. 1992).

King, A 1998, The end of the terraces, Leicester University, Leicester, UK.

King, B & Borland, J 2003, Dungeons and dreamers: the rise of computer game culture, from geek to chic, McGraw-Hill, New York.

King, C 1993, “His truth goes marching on: Elvis Presley and the pilgrimage to Graceland,” in JA Walter (ed.), Pilgrimage in popular culture, Palgrave Macmillan, London.

King, G & Krzywinska, T (eds.) 2002, ScreenPlay: cinema/videogames/interfaces, Wallflower Press, New York.

Kline, S, Dyver-Witherford, N, & De Peuter, G 2003, Digital play: the interaction of technology, culture, and marketing, McGill-Queen’s University Press, London.

Kouwe, Z 2003, “Getting book suggestions online,” Wall Street Journal, 29 July, D2.

Kozinets, RV 1999, “E-tribalized marketing? The strategic implications of virtual communities of consumption,” European Management Journal 17(3), 252–64.

Kraidy, MM & Murphy, PD 2003, “Media ethnography: local, global, or translocal?” in PD Murphy & MM Kraidy (eds.), Global media studies: ethnographic perspectives, Routledge, New York.

Krishnan, M 1991, “Jhumri Tilaiya: abode of audio addicts,” Sunday Observer, 26 January, 56.

Kuhn, A 2002, An everyday magic: cinema and cultural memory, IB Tauris, New York.

Kuhn, A 2005, “Thresholds: film as film and the aesthetic experience,” Screen 46(4), 401–14.

Lady Macbeth 2004, Plagiarism—please help stop its spread. Retrieved December 13, 2005, from http://forum.mediaminer.org/index.php?t=msg&goto=620709&.

Lakoff, G & Johnson, M 1980, Metaphors we live by, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Lancaster, K 2001, Interacting with Babylon 5, University of Texas Press, Austin.

Lanza, J 1994, Elevator music: a surreal history of Muzak, easy-listening, and other moodsong, St. Martin’s Press, New York.

Larbaleister, J 2002,“Buffy’s Mary Sue is Jonathan: Buffy acknowledges the fans,” in R Wilcox & D Lavery (eds.), Fighting the forces: what’s at stake in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD.

Lash, S 2000, “Risk culture,” in B Adam, U Beck, & J Van Loon (eds.), The risk society and beyond: critical issues for social theory, Sage, London.

Laughey, D 2006, Music and youth culture, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.

Lawrence, VB (ed.) 1988, Strong on music: the New York music scene in the days of George Templeton Strong. Volume 1, Resonances, 1836–1849, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Lee, D 2003, “Stars’ audience mobility according to twelve producers,” Daily Chosun, 2 November. Retrieved January 6, 2006, from http://www.chosun.com.

Lee, FLF 2005, “Spectacle and fandom: media discourse in two soccer events in Hong Kong,” Sociology of Sport Journal 122, 194–213.

Lee, S 2003, “The theory of Han Suk-kyu.” Retrieved January 6, 2006, from http://www.hansukkyu.org.

Lembo, R 2000, Thinking through television, Cambridge University Press, New York.

Lenhardt, A & Madden, M 2005, Teen content creators and consumers. Pew Internet & American Life Project. 2 November. Retrieved April 2, 2006, from http://www.pewinternet.org/PPF/r/166/report_display.asp.

Levine, L 1988, Highbrow/lowbrow: the emergence of cultural hierarchy in America, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Levine, MP & Schneider, SJ 2003, “Feeling for Buffy: the girl next door,” in JB South (ed.), Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Philosophy, Open Court, Chicago.

Levy, S & Stone, B 2006, “The new wisdom of the Web,” Newsweek, 3 April, 2006, 46–53.

Lewis, J 1991, The ideological octopus: an exploration of television and its audience, Routledge, New York.

Lewis, LA (ed.) 1992, The adoring audience: fan culture and popular media, Routledge, New York.

Liang, L 2005, “Cinematic citizenship and the illegal city,” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 6(3), 366–85.

Liebes, T & Katz, E 1990, The export of meaning: cross-cultural readings of Dallas, Oxford University Press, New York.

Lincoln, B 1989, Discourse and the construction of society: comparative studies of myth, ritual, and classification, Oxford University Press, New York.

Lindloff, T & Taylor, B 2002, Qualitative communication research methods, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Lippmann, W 1922, Public opinion, Macmillan, New York.

Lipscomb, WP 2005, The operational aesthetic in the performance of professional wrestling, Ph.D. dissertation, Louisiana State University.

Lipsitz, G 1990, Time passages: collective memory and American popular culture, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

Lois & Clark fanfic archive FAQ n.d. Retrieved December 13, 2005, from http://www.lcfanfic.com/faq_archive.html#plagiarism.

London, S 2001, “How to know what the customer wants next,” Financial Times, 13 July, 10.

Longhurst, B, Bagnall, G, & Savage, M 2001, “Ordinary consumption and personal identity: radio and the middle classes in the northwest of England,” in A Warde & J Gronow (eds.), Ordinary consumption, Routledge, New York.

Longhurst, B, Bagnall, G, & Savage, M 2004, “Audiences, museums, and the English middle class,” Museum and Society 2(2), 104–24.

Lowell, L 1880, diary, Lucy Lowell diaries, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.

Lowell, L 1884, diary, Lucy Lowell diaries, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.

Lowell, L 1886, diary, Lucy Lowell diaries, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.

Lowell, LBE 1845, diary, Lucy Lowell diaries, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.

Lunt, P & Livingstone, S 1996, “Rethinking the focus group in media and communications research,” Journal of Communication 46(2), 79–98.

MacCabe, C 1981a, “Realism and the cinema: notes on some Brechtian theses,” in T Bennett et al. (eds.), Popular television and film, BFI/Open University Press, London.

MacCabe, C 1981b, “Days of Hope, a response to Colin McArthur,” in T Bennett et al.(eds.), Popular television and film, BFI/Open University Press, London.

MacDonald, A 1998, “Uncertain utopia: science fiction media fandom and computer mediated communication,” in C Harris & A Alexander (eds.), Theorizing fandom: fans, subculture, and identity, Hampton, Cresskill, NJ.

Mactavish, A 2003, “Technological pleasure: the performance and narrative of technology in Half-Life and other high-tech computer games,” in G King & T Krywinska (eds.), Screenplay: cinema/videogames/interfaces, Wallflower, New York.

Majumdar, N 2001, “The embodied voice: song sequences and stardom in popular Hindi cinema,” in PR Wojcik & A Knight (eds.), Soundtrack available: essays on film and popular music, Duke University Press, Durham, NC.

Malcolm, D, Jones, I, & Waddington, I 2000, “The people’s game? Football spectatorship and demographic change,” in J Garland, D Malcolm, & M Rowe (eds.), The future of football: challenges for the twenty-first century, Frank Cass, London.

Mangan, JA 1986, The games ethic and imperialism: aspects of the infusion of an ideal, Viking, London.

Marcotte, A 2005, “The riot just couldn’t be on MTV,” Pandagon, June 24. Retrieved August 24, 2005, from http://www.pandagon.net/archives/2005/06/the_riot_just_c.html.

Marcus, GE 1998, Ethnography through thick and thin, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Marcus, GE 2002, The sentimental citizen: emotion in democratic politics, Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park.

Marcus, GE, Neuman, WR, & MacKuen, M 2000, Affective intelligence and political judgment, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Marshall, PD 1997, Celebrity and power, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

Marshall, PD 2002, “The new intertextual commodity,” in D Harries (ed.), The new media book, BFI, London.

Mattel, Inc. v. MCA Records, Inc., 296 F.3d 894 (9th Cir. 2002).

Mattel, Inc. v. Pitt, 229 F. Supp. 2d 315 (SDNY 2002).

Mattel, Inc. v. Walking Mountain Productions, 353 F.3d 792 (9th Cir. 2003).

McArthur, C 1981, “Days of Hope,” in T Bennett et al. (eds.), Popular television and film, BFI/Open University Press, London.

McBride, LB 2005, Professional wrestling, embodied morality, and altered states of consciousness. MA dissertation, University of South Florida, Tampa.

McConachie, B 1992, Melodramatic formations: American theatre and society, 1820–1870, University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.

McCourt, T 2005, “Collecting music in the digital realm,” Popular Music and Society 28(2), 249–52.

McCracken, G 2005, “‘Consumers’ or ‘multipliers’: a new language for marketing?” This blog sits at the intersection between anthropology and economics, 10 November, 2005. Retrieved November 11, 2005, from http://www.cultureby.com/tril-ogy/2005/11/consumers_or_mu.html.

McKee, A 2001a, Australian television: a genealogy of great moments, Oxford University Press, Melbourne.

McKee, A 2001b, “Which is the best Doctor Who story? A case study in value judgments outside the academy,” Intensities 1. Retrieved October 5, 2002, from http://www.cult-media.com/issue1/Amckee.htm.

McKee, A 2002, “Fandom,” in T Miller (ed.), Television studies, BFI, London.

McKee, A 2003, “What is television for?” in M Jancovich & J Lyons (eds.), Quality popular television, BFI, London.

McKee, A 2005, The public sphere: an introduction, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

McKinley, EG 1997, Beverly Hills, 90210: television, gender, and identity, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.

McMahon, L 1998, “‘While our souls together blend’: narrating a romantic readership in the early Republic,” in PN Stearns & J Lewis (eds.), An emotional history of the United States, New York University Press, New York.

Meehan, ER 2000, “Leisure or labor? Fan ethnography and political economy,” in I Hagen & J Wasko (eds.), Consuming audiences? Production and reception in media research, Hampton Press, Cresskill, NJ.

Mehta, M 2000, Selections: cutting, classifying, and certifying in Bombay cinema, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Michael, J 2000, Anxious intellects: academic professionals, public intellectuals, and enlightenment values, Duke University Press, Durham, NC.

Milikowski, M 2000, “Exploring a model of de-ethnicization: the case of Turkish television in the Netherlands,” European Journal of Communication 15, 443–68.

Miller, T 2003, Spyscreen: espionage on film and TV from the 1930s to the 1960s, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Miller, T 2004, “Trainspotting The Avengers,” in S Gwenllian-Jones & R Pearson (eds.), Cult television, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

Min, E, Joo, J, & Kwak, H 2003, Korean film: history, resistance, and democratic imagination, Praeger, Westport, CT.

Mondak, JJ 1989, “The politics of professional wrestling,” Journal of Popular Culture 23(2), 139–49.

Moon, S 2001, “The production and subversion of hegemonic masculinity: reconfiguring gender hierarchy in contemporary South Korea,” in L Kendall (ed.), Under construction: the gendering of modernity, class, and consumption in the Republic of Korea, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

Moore, K & Rutter, J (eds.) 2004, Proceedings of Mobile Entertainment: User-Centred Perspectives, CRIC, University of Manchester. Retrieved October 10, 2005, from http://les1.man.ac.uk/cric/Jason_Rutter/MEPro.htm.

Moran, J 1998, “Cultural studies and academic stardom,” International Journal of Cultural Studies 1(1), 67–82.

Morgan, G 2004, The real David Beckham: an intimate biography, Metro Books, London.

Morinis, A 1992, Sacred journeys, Greenwood, Westport, CT.

Morley, D 1980, The Nationwide Audience: Structure and Decoding, BFI, London.

Morley, D 2000, Home territories: media, mobility, and identity, Routledge, New York.

Morton, GW & O’Brien, GM 1985, Wrestling to rasslin–: ancient sport to American spectacle, Popular Press, Bowling Green, OH.

Mosco, V & Kaye, K 2000, “Questioning the concept of the audience,” in I Hagen & J Wasko (eds.), Consuming audiences? Production and reception in media research, Hampton Press, Cresskill, NJ.

MTV 2005, “‘Laguna Beach’ star Talan Torriero prepping an album,” MTV, 22 September 2005. Retrieved October 8, 2005, from http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1510199/20050922/story.jhtml.

Murphy, PD & Kraidy, MM 2003, “Towards an ethnographic approach to global media studies,” in PD Murphy & MM Kraidy (eds.), Global media studies: ethnographic perspectives, Routledge, New York.

Murray, J 2001, Hamlet on the holodeck: the future of narrative in cyberspace, MIT Press, Cambridge.

Murray, J & Jenkins, H n.d., Before the holodeck: translating Star Trek into digital media. Retrieved February 22, 2006, from http://web.mit.edu/cms/People/henry3/holodeck.html.

Music Industry News Network 2001, “Savage Beast Technologies and Auditude join forces to offer complete solution for managing digital music,” 1 November. Retrieved November 8, 2005, from http://mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=29246.

Naficy, H 1999, “The making of exile cultures: Iranian television in Los Angeles,” in S During (ed.), The cultural studies reader, Routledge, New York.

Nam, S 2001, I love beautiful boys, Haenem, Seoul.

Napier, SJ 2001, Anime: from Akira to Princess Mononoke, Palgrave, New York.

Naughton, K 2002, “Martha’s tabloid dish,” Newsweek, 24 June, 36.

Naughton, K 2005, “Martha breaks out,” Newsweek, 7 March, 36–44.

Negroponte, N & Maes, P 1996, “Electronic word of mouth,” Wired, October. Retrieved November 8, 2005, from http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.10/negroponte_pr.html.

Nelson, LC 2000, Measured excess: status, gender, and consumer nationalism in South Korea, Columbia University Press, New York.

Newman, J 2004, Videogames, Routledge, New York.

Newman, N 2002, Good music for a free people: The Germania Musical Society and transatlantic musical culture of the mid-nineteenth century, Ph.D. dissertation, Brown University, Providence, RI.

Nicholas, KS n.d., Site Map. Retrieved October 27, 2004, from http://web.archive.org/web/20031014110731/members.aol.com/ksnicholas.

Nightingale, V 2003, “Improvising Elvis, Marilyn, and Mickey Mouse,” in V Nightingale & K Ross (eds.), Critical readings: media and audiences, Open University Press, Maidenhead, UK.

O’Connell, P 2003, “What the made-for-TV Martha misses,” Business Week Online, 19 May. Retrieved May 30, 2003, from http://www.businessweek.com/print/bwdaily/dnflash/
may2003/nf20030519_7151.htm?chan=db.

O’Reilly, T 2005, “What is Web 2.0,” O’Reilly, 9 August, 2005. Retrieved August 10, 2005, from http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html.

Osborne, P 2000, Philosophy in cultural theory, Routledge, New York.

Oxford English Dictionary 2005, online edition, Oxford University Press. Retrieved November 15, 2005, from http://O-dictionary.oed.com.library.

Palmer, D 2003, “The paradox of user control,” paper presented to the Melbourne DAC 2003 conference, 19–25 May. Retrieved October 10, 2005, from http://hypertext.rmit.edu.au/dac/papers/Palmer.pdf.

Pandian, MSS 1992, The image trap: MG Ramachandran in films and politics, Sage, New Delhi.

Paquet, D 1997, Korean film. Retrieved January 6, 2006, from http://www.korean-film.org.

Park, E 2001, “Han Suk-kyu, Shin Hyeon-jun, Kim Hee-seon—overestimated actors and actresses,” Daily Hankook, 4 November. Retrieved January 6, 2006, from http://www.hankooki.com.

Patterson, T 2000, “Doing well and doing good,” Kennedy School of Government Working Paper no. 01–001. Retrieved December 20, 2005, from http://ssm.com/abstract=257395.

Pearce, L 1997, Feminism and the politics of reading, Arnold, London.

Pearson, R 1997, “It’s always 1895: Sherlock Holmes in cyberspace,” in D Cartmell et al. (eds.), Trash aesthetics: popular culture and its audience, Pluto, London.

Pearson, R 2002, “Shakespeare’s country: the national poet, English identity, and the silent cinema,” in A Higson (ed.), Young and innocent? The cinema in Britain, 1896–1930, University of Exeter Press, Exeter, UK.

Penguin 2005, “The Penguin Group: performance,” Pearson. Retrieved September 30, 2005, from http://www.pearson.com/about/peng/perform.htm.

Penley, C 1997, NASA/TREK: Popular science and sex in America, Verso, London.

Peterson, RA & Anand, N 2004, “The production of culture perspective,” Annual Review of Sociology 30, 311–33.

Peterson, RA and Kern, RM 1996, “Changing highbrow taste: from snob to omnivore,” American Sociological Review 61, 900–907.

Philo, G & Miller, D 2001, “Cultural compliance,” in G Philo & D Miller (eds.), Market killing, Pearson Education, Essex, UK.

Pinsdorf, MK 2002, “Greater dead heroes than live husbands: widows as image-makers,” Public Relations Review 28, 283–99.

Postman, N & Powers, S 1992, How to watch TV news, Penguin, London.

Prasad, M 1998, Ideology of the Hindi film: a historical construction, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

Preston, K 1993, Opera on the road: traveling opera troupes in the United States, 1825–60, University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

Prose, F 2002, The lives of the muses: nine women and the artists they inspired, HarperCollins, New York.

Putnam, RD 2000, Bowling alone: collapse and revival of American community, Simon & Schuster, New York.

Rabinowitz, P 1993, “‘With our own dominant passions’: Gottschalk, gender, and the power of listening,” Nineteenth-Century Music 16, 242–52.

Radway, J 1984, Reading the romance: women, patriarchy, and popular literature, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.

Rajadhyaksha, A 2000, “Viewership and democracy in the cinema,” in R Vasudevan (ed.), Making meaning in Indian cinema, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

Redhead, S 1997, Post-fandom and the millennial blues: the transformation of soccer culture, Routledge, New York.

Rehak, B 2003, “Playing at being: psychoanalysis and the avatar,” in MJP Wolf & B Perron (eds.), The video game theory reader, Routledge, New York.

Reidl, J, Konstan, J, & Voorman, E 2002, Word of mouse: the marketing power of collaborative filtering, Warner, New York.

Reilly, R 2001, “Kids are trying this at home!” Sports Illustrated, 12 February, 98.

Rhapsody 2005, “Help.” Retrieved November 8, 2005, from http://home.real.com/product/help/rhapv3_ts/en/Rhapsody_Service.htm.

Ricœur, P 1996, “Die metapher und das hauptproblem der hermeneutik,” in D Kimmich et al. (eds.), Texte zur literaturtheorie der Gegenwart, Philipp Reclam, Stuttgart.

Rinehart, R 1998, Players all: performance in contemporary sport, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.

Roberts, TJ 1990, An aesthetics of junk fiction, University of Georgia Press, Athens.

Robins, K 1995, Into the image, Routledge, New York.

Rodman, GB 1996, Elvis after Elvis: the posthumous career of a living legend, Routledge, New York.

Rose, A & Friedman, J 1994, “Television sport as mas(s)culine cult of distraction,” Screen 34(1), 22–35.

Rowlings, C 1992, “You don’t look the type: memories of being a young woman watching Bristol Rovers,” in D Bull (ed.), We’ll support you evermore, Gerald Duckworth, London.

Rutter, J 1998, “Wayne’s World,” in AA Berger (ed.), The Postmodern Presence: Readings on Postmodernism in American Culture & Society, AltaMira, Walnut Creek, CA.

Said, E 1979, Orientalism, Viking, London.

Sandvoss, C 2003, A game of two halves: football, television, and globalization, Routledge, New York.

Sandvoss, C 2005a, Fans: the mirror of consumption, Polity, Malden, MA.

Sandvoss, C 2005b, “One-dimensional fan: toward an aesthetic of fan texts,” American Behavioral Scientist 48(7), 822–39.

Sandvoss, C forthcoming, “The end of meaning: the politics of transnational sport stardom,” in C Sandvoss, A Bernstein, & M Real (eds.), Bodies of discourse: sports stars, mass media, and the global public, Hampton, Cresskill, NJ.

Savage, M 2000, Class analysis and social transformation, Open University Press, Philadelphia.

Savage, M, Bagnall, G, & Longhurst, B 2004, “Place, belonging, and identity: globalisation and the ‘northern’ middle class,” in T Bennett & E Silva (eds.), Cultures and the everyday, Sociology Press, Durham, UK.

Savage, M, Bagnall, G, & Longhurst, B 2005, Globalization and belonging, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Saxey E 2002, “Staking a claim: the series and its slash fan fiction,” in R Kaveney (ed.), Reading the vampire slayer: the unofficial critical companion to Buffy and Angel, IB Tauris, London.

Schiller, D 1996, Theorizing communication: a history, Oxford University Press, New York.

Schimmel, K, Harrington, CL, & Bielby, DD n.d., “Fandom: sport studies and fan studies perspectives,” manuscript in preparation.

Schneider, AR with Pullen, K 2001, The gatekeeper: my thirty years as a TV censor, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY.

Schott, GR & Horrel, KR 2000, “Girl gamers and their relationship with the gaming culture,” Convergence 6, 36–53.

Sci-Fi Wire 2002, “Buffy getting darker,” 15 January. Retrieved March 12, 2004, from http://www.scifi.com/sfw/issue248/news.html.

Scodari, C 2003a, “Resistance reexamined: gender, fan practices, and science fiction television,” Popular Communication 1(2), 111–30.

Scodari, C 2003b, “Review of Fan Cultures,” Popular Communication 1(3), 181–83.

Scodari, C 2004, Serial monogamy: soap opera, lifespan, and the gendered politics of fantasy, Hampton Press, Cresskill, NJ.

Scodari, C 2005, “You’re sixteen, you’re dutiful, you’re online: ‘fangirls’ and the negotiation of age and/or gender subjectivities in TV newsgroups,” in S Mazzarella (ed.), Girl wide web: girls, the Internet, and the negotiation of identity, Peter Lang, New York.

Scodari, C & Felder, JL 2000, “Creating a pocket universe: ‘shippers,’ fan fiction, and The X-Files online,” Communication Studies 51, 238–57.

Sella, M 2002, “The remote controllers,” New York Times Magazine, 20 October, 68.

Shaw, N 2003, “Cloning scapegoats: Martha Stewart does insider trading,” Social Text 77 21(4), 51–67.

Shaw, SM 1994, “Gender, leisure, and constraint: towards a framework for analysis of women’s leisure,” Journal of Leisure Research 26, 8–22.

Shimpach, S 2005, “Working watching: the creative and cultural labor of the media audience,” Social Semiotics 15(3), 343–60.

Shirky, C 1999, “RIP the consumer, 1900–1999,” Shirky.com. Retrieved April 2, 2006, from http://www.shirky.com/writings/consumer.html.

Sill, J 1840, diary, collection #600, vol. 2, The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

Silverstone, R 1994, Television and everyday life, Routledge, New York.

Silverstone, R 2003, “Proper distance: towards an ethics of cyberspace,” in G Listol, A Morrison, and T Rasmussen (eds.), Digital media revisited, MIT Press, Cambridge.

Sivathamby, K 1981, Tamil film as a medium of political communication, New Century Book House, Madras.

Sketches and business directory of Boston, 1860–1861 1861, Damrell & Moore and George Coolidge, Boston.

Smith, K 2005, “The inescapable Paris,” Vanity Fair 542, October, 280–89 & 343.

Smith, L 2000, “We heard it through the Napster grapevine—all of it,” Los Angeles Times, 10 September, 5.

Solowiej, L & Brunell, TL 2003, “The entrance of women to the U.S. Congress: the widow effect,” Political Research Quarterly 56, 283–92.

Southworth, H 1850, diary, BV Southworth, Henry, New-York Historical Society, New York.

Souza, A 2002, “Wrestling the WWE.” Retrieved November 5, 2005, from http://www.newenglandfilm.com/news/archives/02august/wrestling.htm.

Spigel, L 1992, Make room for TV: television and the family ideal in postwar America, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Srinivas, SV 2000, “Devotion and defiance in fan activity,” in R Vasudevan (ed.), Making meaning in Indian cinema, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

Srinivas, SV 2003, “Film culture: politics and industry,” Seminar 525. Retrieved August 18, 2004, from http://www.india-seminar.com/2003/525.htm.

Srinivas, SV forthcoming, “Hong Kong action film in the Indian B-circuit.”

Stabile, C 2004, “Getting what she deserved: the news media, Martha Stewart, and masculine domination,” Feminist Media Studies 4(3), 315–32.

Stacey, J 1994, Stargazing: Hollywood cinema and female spectatorship, Routledge, New York.

Staiger, J 1992, Interpreting films: studies in the historical reception of American cinema, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Stallybrass, P & White, A 1986, The politics and poetics of transgression, Methuen, London.

Stark, SD 2003, Meet the Beatles: a cultural history of the band that shook youth, gender, and the world, HarperCollins, New York.

Stellin, S 2000, “E-commerce report,” New York Times, 28 August, C8.

Sterne J 2003, The audible past: culture origins of sound reproduction, Duke University Press, Durham, NC.

Stierle, K 1996, “Werk und intertextualität,” in D Kimmich et al. (eds.), Texte zur literaturtheorie der Gegenwart, Philipp Reclam, Stuttgart.

SunTrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Co., 268 F.3d 1257 (11th Cir. 2001).

Swalwell, M 2003, “Multi-player computer gaming: “Better than playing (PC games) with yourself,” Reconstruction: An Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies Community 3(4). Retrieved November 22, 2005, from http://www.reconstruction.ws/034/swalwell.htm.

Taylor, R 1992, Football and its fans, Leicester University Press, Leicester, UK.

Theodoropoulou, P 1999, Mapping out fanland, MSc dissertation, LSE, University of London.

Thomas, L 2002, Fans, feminisms, and “quality” media, Routledge, New York.

Thompson, JB 1995, The media and modernity: a social theory of the media, Polity, Cambridge, UK.

Thorn, M 2004, “Girls and women getting out of hand: the pleasure and politics of Japan’s amateur comics community,” in W Kelly (ed.), Fanning the flames: fans and consumer culture in contemporary Japan, State University of New York Press, New York.

Thornton, S 1995, Club cultures, Polity, Cambridge, UK.

Thucydides 1920 [431 B.C.], The history of the Peloponnesian War, vol. 2, books 3–4, trans. CF Smith, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Topel, F 2002, “Tom Lenk—Buffy baddie,” About.com. Retrieved April 16, 2003, from http://actionadventure.about.com/library/weekly/2002/aa110402.htm.

Tsing, A 2005, Friction: an ethnography of global connection, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Tufte, T 2000, “The popular forms of hope: about the force of fiction among TV audiences in Brazil,” in I Hagen & J Wasko (eds.), Consuming audiences: production and reception in media research, Hampton Press, Cresskill, NJ.

Tulloch, J 1985, “Chekhov abroad: western criticism,” in TW Clyman (ed.), A Chekhov companion, Greenwood, Westport, CT.

Tulloch, J 2000, Watching television audiences: cultural theories and methods, Hodder Arnold, London.

Tulloch, J 2004, Shakespeare and Chekhov in production: theatrical events and their audiences, University of Iowa, Iowa City.

Tulloch, J 2006, One day in July: experiencing 7/7, Little, Brown, London.

Tulloch, J & Jenkins, H 1995, Science fiction audiences: watching Dr. Who and Star Trek, Routledge, London.

Turkle, S 1995, Life and the screen: identity in the age of the Internet, Simon & Schuster, New York.

Turnbull, S 2005, “Moments of inspiration: performing Spike,” European Journal of Cultural Studies 8(3), 367–73.

Turner, BS 2005, “Public intellectuals and British sociology since 1945,” Annual British Journal of Sociological Lecture, London School of Economics, 11 October.

Turner, V 1969, The ritual process: structure and anti-structure, Aldine de Gruyter, New York.

Turner, V & Turner, E 1978, Image and pilgrimage in Christian culture, Columbia University Press, New York.

Tushnet, R 1997, “Legal fictions: copyright, fan fiction, and a new common law,” Loyola L.A. Entertainment Law Journal 17, 651–86.

Twitchell, JB 1992, Carnival culture: the trashing of taste in America, Columbia University Press, New York.

Tyrnauer, M 2001, “Empire by Martha,” Vanity Fair 493, September, 317–64.

Tyrnauer, M 2005, “The prisoner of Bedford,” Vanity Fair 540, August, 110–18.

Urry, J 1990, The tourist gaze, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Van Dyke, H 1909, The music lover, Moffat, Yard & Company, New York.

Van Gennep, A 1960, The rites of passage, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Van Zoonen, L 1994, Feminist media studies, Sage, London.

Van Zoonen, L 2005, Entertaining the citizen: when politics and popular culture converge, Rowman & Littlefield, New York.

Vasudev, A 1978, Liberty and license in Indian cinema. Vikas, New Delhi.

Virdi, J 2003, The cinematic ImagiNation: Indian popular films as social history, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ.

Vodicka, FV 1975, Struktur der Entwicklung, Vogelkopf, München.

Von Hippel, E 2005, Democratizing innovation, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Wadsworth, ND 1997, “Reconciliation politics: conservative evangelicals and the new race discourse,” Politics and Society 25(3), 341–76.

Wallace, M & Halperin, I 2004, Love and death: the murder of Kurt Cobain, Atria, New York.

Wallis, RJ 2003, Shamans and neo-shamans: ecstasy, alternative archaeologies, and contemporary pagans, Routledge, New York.

Wann, DL & Thomas, JD 1994, “‘Spectators’ evaluations of rival and fellow fans,” Psychological Record 44(3), 351–58.

Wearing, B 1998, Leisure and feminist theory, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Wellman, B 2002, “Designing the Internet for a networked society,” Communications of the ACM 45(5), 96.

Whelehan, I 2000, Over loaded: popular culture and the future of feminism, The Women’s Press, London.

Whitcomb, D 2005, “Paris Hilton ‘only victim’ of crash—spokesman,” Reuters, 10 November. Retrieved November 11, 2005, from http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20051110/people_nm/hilton_dc.

White, C 2005, The middle mind: why consumer culture is turning us into the living dead, Penguin, London.

White, CB 1851, Caroline Barrett White papers, octavo vol. 3, American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, MA.

Whitman, W 1982 [1855], Leaves of grass, in J Kaplan (ed.), Walt Whitman: Complete Poetry and Collected Prose, Library of America, New York.

Wiener, J 1998, “Pop and avante-garde: the case of John and Yoko,” Popular Music and Society 22(1), 1–16.

Williams, R 1961, The long revolution, Columbia University Press, New York.

Williams, R 1974, Television: technology and cultural form, Fontana, London.

Williams, R 1977, Marxism and literature, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Williamson, M 2005, The lure of the vampire: gender, fiction, and fandom from Bram Stoker to Buffy, Wallflower, New York.

Willie, B 2004, “Boxcar Willie: the world’s favorite hobo.” Retrieved November 8, 2005, from http://www.boxcarwillie.com.

Wilson, P 2004, “Jamming Big Brother: webcasting, audience intervention, and narrative activism,” in S Murray & L Ouellette (eds.), Reality TV: remaking television culture, NYU Press, New York.

Winnicott, DW 1974, Playing and reality, Penguin, Harmondsworth, UK.

Witchell, A 1994, “Y. Ono, optimist-pessimist, writes a musical,” New York Times, 13 March, AE1–8.

Wolfe, AS & Haefner, M 1996, “Taste cultures, culture classes, affective alliances, and popular music reception: theory, methodology, and an application to a Beatles song,” Popular Music and Society 20(4), 127–55.

Woo, HJ & Kim, Y 2003, “Modern gladiators: a content analysis of televised wrestling,” Mass Communication and Society 6(4), 361–78.

Woodhouse, D 2001, The postwar development of football for females in England: a cross-cultural and comparative study with Norwayand the United States of America, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Leicester, UK.

Woodhouse, D & Williams, J 1999, Offside? The position of women in football, South Street, Reading, UK.

Woodhouse, J 1991, A national survey of female football fans, Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Woodhouse, J & Williams J 1991, Can play, will play? Women and football in Britain, SNCCFR, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Woodward, K 1997, “Concepts of identity and difference,” in K Woodward (ed.), Identity and difference, Sage, London.

Wright, T, Boria, E, & Breidenbach, P 2002, “Creative player actions in FPS on-line video games: playing Counter-Strike,” Game Studies 2(2). Retrieved November 4, 2005, from http://www.gamestudies.org/0202/wright.

Wright Wexman, V 1999, “The critic as consumer: film study in the university, Vertigo, and the film canon,” in B Henderson & A Martin (eds.), Film Quarterly: Forty Years—A Selection, University of California Press, Berkeley.

Yahoo! 2005, “Yahoo! premieres Yahoo! Music Unlimited” [Press Release], 10 May. Retrieved November 8, 2005, from http://docs.yahoo.com/docs/pr/release1237.html.

Yano, C 2004, “Letters from the heart: negotiating fan-star relationships in Japanese popular music,” in W Kelly (ed.), Fanning the flames: fans and consumer culture in contemporary Japan, State University of New York Press, New York.

Yates, SJ & Littleton, KL 2001, “Understanding computer game culture: a situated approach,” in E Green & A Adams (eds.), Virtual gender: technology, consumption, and identity, Routledge, New York.

Yuletide FAQ 2005. Retrieved December 13, 2005, from http://www.yuletidetrea-sure.org/faq.shtml.