NOTES
PROLOGUE: A VOICE LIKE THUNDER
1. Seeger, Incompleat Folksinger, 312–13.
2. Carly Simon, author interview, May 21, 2018.
3. Saturday Review, quoted in Cohen, Rainbow Quest, 68; “Music: Good Night, Irene,” Time, August 14, 1950, accessed at http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,858914,00.html.
4. Louis R. Guzzo, “Odetta Is Profound Folk-Singer,” Seattle Times, April 25, 1964, n.p.
5. Harry Belafonte, author interviews, May 12, 2017, May 15, 2018.
CHAPTER ONE: FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LOS ANGELES
1. Selma Thaler, author interviews, August 13, 2016, May 8, 2017. Odetta related the story to Thaler decades later.
2. Odetta, National Visionary Leadership interview.
3. Odetta, WBAI interview.
4. National Visionary Leadership interview.
5. National Visionary Leadership interview.
6. Selma Thaler interviews; Odetta, autobiographical sketch, circa early 1960s, Odetta Papers.
7. Odetta, Bulger interview; Odetta, Wilson interviews.
8. LaMonte, Politics and Welfare, 69; Packer, Blood of the Liberals, 110.
9. “Says the Ku Klux Klan,” Chicago Defender, January 14, 1933, 14.
10. Sonia Sanchez, interviewed by Camille O. Cosby for the National Visionary Leadership Project, 2005, AFC.
11. Works Progress Administration, Los Angeles in the 1930s, 4.
12. W. E. B. Du Bois, “I Go A-Talking,” Crisis 6, no. 3 (July 1913): 131; W. E. B. Du Bois, “Colored California,” Crisis 6, no. 4 (August 1913): 193–94.
13. Odetta, Cohen interview; Odetta, National Visionary Leadership interview.
14. Odetta, Cohen interview.
15. Odetta, Cohen interview.
16. Anti-Negro Propaganda, 7, 12.
17. Southworth and Southworth, American History, iii.
18. Southworth and Southworth, American History, 167–68.
19. Southworth and Southworth, American History, 211–12.
20. Ben S. Page, transcript of undated interview with Odetta, Odetta Papers.
21. Greenberg, “Power and Beauty,” 2–6.
22. Greenberg, “Power and Beauty,” 2–6.
23. Morris, “No More New Year-Birthday Blues,” 35.
24. Hill and Mangurian Collection interview.
25. “Immediate Evacuation of Japanese Demanded,” Los Angeles Times, February 25, 1942, 1.
26. Odetta, National Visionary Leadership interview.
27. Transcript of Odetta interview by Billy Taylor for CBS Sunday Morning, 1987, Billy Taylor Papers, Library of Congress.
28. Frank Hamilton, author interview, November 11, 2015.
29. Smith, The Great Black Way, 45; Odetta interview by David Dye on WXPN radio, Philadelphia, January 19, 2004, accessed at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=97800151.
30. Aarons, “Odetta Comes Out of Her Cocoon,” A4; Joan Barthel, “Odetta Speaks Through Her Songs,” New York Times, March 7, 1965, X11.
31. Odetta interview by Sean Patrick Farrell for the Last Word video series, New York Times, 2007, accessed at http://www.nytimes.com/video/arts/music/1194832844841/last-word-odetta.html?playlistId=1194811622353.
32. Jo Mapes, author interviews, January 8, 2017, January 22, 2017, July 10, 2017.
33. Jo Mapes, Cohen interview; Jo Mapes interviews; Van Matre, “Odetta’s Friend Jo: ‘Got the Joy Back,’” Section 2, 3.
34. Jo Mapes interviews.
35. Jo Mapes, unpublished autobiography manuscript, Ronald D. Cohen Collection, SFC; Jo Mapes interviews.
36. Jo Mapes interviews.
37. Jo Mapes, Cohen interview.
38. Jo Mapes interviews; Lynn Gold Chaiken, author interview, May 24, 2016.
39. Jo Mapes interviews.
40. Odetta interview on National Public Radio, December 30, 2005, accessed at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5074594.
CHAPTER TWO: STRAIGHTENED MY BACK, KINKED MY HAIR
1. Turnabout—The Story of the Yale Puppeteers, Shire Films, 1992.
2. Odetta, National Visionary Leadership interview.
3. Robert Carl Cohen, author interview, August 27, 2017.
4. “Joy of Singing Unites Choral Groups of City,” Los Angeles Times, February 20, 1949, A2.
5. Odetta, Cohen interview.
6. Jo Mapes autobiography.
7. Odetta, National Visionary Leadership interview.
8. Meyerson and Harburg, Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz?, 222.
9. Meyerson and Harburg, Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz?, 239.
10. “Children’s Show Wins,” Los Angeles Times, December 2, 1950, A7; Frank Hamilton interview.
11. Dunaway, How Can I Keep from Singing?, 169.
12. Odetta, Cohen interview; Van Matre, “Odetta’s Friend Jo,” Section 2, 3.
13. Jo Mapes interviews.
14. Mark Greenberg, “Power and Beauty,” 2–6.
15. Odetta, Hill and Mangurian Collection interview.
16. “Odetta Presented in Concert,” Ottawa Campus, October 15, 1965, 4.
17. Marcia Berman, author interview, December 13, 2015.
18. James Baldwin, “Letter from a Region of My Mind,” New Yorker, November 17, 1962, 65.
19. Odetta, National Public Radio interview.
20. Frank Hamilton interview.
21. Frank Hamilton interview.
22. Halprin, Seema’s Show, 168–69.
23. “Robeson Suggest U.S. Test Marxism,” New York Times, October 8, 1946, 13.
24. Odetta, National Visionary Leadership interview.
25. Dorothy Woods, “Highlights of Tulare,” Los Angeles Sentinel, May 12, 1949, C8.
26. Odetta, Cohen interview.
27. Odetta, Cohen interview; Odetta, National Visionary Leadership interview.
28. Odetta, Wilson interviews.
29. Byrd and Tharps, Hair Story, 22.
30. Leroy Vaughn, “Celebrating Our Heritage: The Life of Marcus Garvey,” Los Angeles Sentinel, February 4, 2000, A4; Carter G. Woodson, “Treatment of Negro Due to His Psychology,” New Journal and Guide, December 16, 1933, 3.
31. Los Angeles Sentinel, January 18, 1951, B2–B3.
32. Baldwin, “A Negro Assays the Negro Mood,” 103.
33. Jan Ford, author interview, July 13, 2018.
34. Cathy Yarbrough, “Singer Shuns ‘Top 40’ Success,” Atlanta Constitution, March 16, 1973, 8B.
35. Odetta, Ware interview; Jo Mapes interviews.
36. Odetta, 1986 National Public Radio interview, excerpted on Democracy Now, December 30, 2008, accessed at http://www.democracynow.org/2008/12/30/dr_bernice_johnson_reagon_remembers_musical; Odetta, Ware interview.
37. Jan Ford interview.
CHAPTER THREE: THE TOAST OF NEW YORK
1. Pete Seeger, interviewed by National Public Radio, December 3, 2008.
2. “Hardyman Tells of New China’s Might,” Daily People’s World, January 12, 1953, 6; House Committee on Un-American Activities testimony, May 23, 1956. Odetta’s name comes up during the questioning of John Adams Kingsbury, who was reported to have given a speech at the event at which Odetta sang.
3. Odetta, Wilson interviews; “Robeson to Sing Again in Los Angeles,” Daily People’s World, June 17, 1953, 7; Susan Kelly, “Odetta,” Guy & Pipp Gillette Newsletter, no. 18, February 1980, 1–2.
4. Gretchen Pierce, “Legendary Odetta Found Halifax Audience a Dream,” Mail-Star, February 23, 1976, n.p.
5. Odetta, Cohen interview.
6. George F. Hoover, “By George!,” Los Angeles Collegian, April 9, 1954, 2.
7. Pauline Oliveros, author interview, February 17, 2016.
8. Jo Mapes interviews.
9. R. H. Hagan, “The Lively Arts: Odetta Felious Rings Louder Than Engines,” San Francisco Chronicle, August 28, 1953, 18.
10. Odetta, Cohen interview.
11. Odetta interview by Caroline Horn, November 1999, accessed at http://www.carolinehorn.com/writing_folksandangels.html.
12. “Night Club-Vaud Reviews,” Billboard, September 19, 1953, 41.
13. Walter Winchell, “. . . Of New York: Broadway Confidinchell,” Washington Post, September 17, 1953, 45; Robert W. Dana, “Tin Angel to Blue Angel for Singer,” New York World Telegram and Sun, September 21, 1953, 15.
14. Quoted in Belafonte, My Song, 111.
15. Harry Belafonte interviews.
16. Odetta memorial recording.
17. Belafonte, My Song, 120.
18. Doug Yeager, author interviews, July 13, 2016, July 22, 2016, March 18, 2018.
19. Jo Mapes, Cohen interview; Ed Pearl, author interview, February 23, 2016.
20. Barbara Dane, author interviews, August 27, 2015, August 31, 2015.
21. Odetta, Last Word interview.
22. Jo Mapes autobiography.
23. Aarons, “Odetta Comes Out of Her Cocoon,” A4.
24. David Rosenthal, “Odetta Sings Folk Songs Yet; Now It’s for New Generation,” Associated Press, appearing in the Blade, June 23, 1978, P-2.
25. Odetta at Town Hall, Vanguard Records, 1963.
26. Gavin, Intimate Nights, 99.
27. Odetta memorial recording.
28. Odetta memorial recording.
29. Carpenter, “Sweet Home Alabama,” 68.
CHAPTER FOUR: GETTING POLITICAL
1. Dean Gitter, author interviews, July 6, 2015, July 22, 2016, and July 19, 2017.
2. Dean Gitter interviews.
3. Contract between Odetta Felious and Tom Wilson, March 1, 1956, Bill Grauer Productions, Inc. v. Odetta Felious case file; Dean Gitter interviews.
4. Dean Gitter interviews.
5. Dean Gitter deposition in Bill Grauer Productions, Inc. v. Odetta Felious.
6. Dean Gitter to Odetta, October 5, 1956, entered into evidence in Bill Grauer Productions, Inc. v. Odetta Felious.
7. Gitter to Odetta, October 5, 1956; Dean Gitter interviews.
8. Gibson and Bender, Bob Gibson, 33; Frank Hamilton interview.
9. Odetta, National Visionary Leadership interview.
10. “Night Club Reviews—Gate of Horn, Chi,” Variety, November 14, 1956, 69.
11. Odetta, Terkel interviews.
12. Barnett, I Got Thunder, 179.
13. Dean Gitter to Odetta, November 13, 1956, entered into evidence in Bill Grauer Productions, Inc. v. Odetta Felious.
14. Chestyn Everett, “Random Reviews,” Los Angeles Tribune, November
20, 1959, 20.
15. Robert Bagar, New York Journal-American, circa 1957, cited in press release, Odetta Papers.
16. Wald, Josh White, 266.
17. Contract between Odetta Felious and Dean Gitter, December 10, 1956, Bill Grauer Productions, Inc. v. Odetta Felious case file.
CHAPTER FIVE: THE FUSE IS LIT
1. Petrus and Cohen, Folk City, 155.
2. Odetta memorial recording; Brand remembered the year as 1947, but he was referring to the 1957 concert.
3. Selma Thaler interviews.
4. Selma Thaler interviews; Carrie Thaler, author interview, January 4, 2017.
5. Clancy, The Mountain of the Women, 199.
6. Angelou, Heart of a Woman, 91.
7. McKeon, “Odetta’s Musical Odyssey,” C7.
8. Dean Gitter interviews.
9. Van Ronk, with Wald, The Mayor of MacDougal Street, 55.
10. Van Ronk, with Wald, The Mayor of MacDougal Street, 55; Terri Thal, author interview, November 12, 2016; Slick, Somebody to Love?, 57.
11. Dean Gitter interviews.
12. Dean Gitter interviews.
13. Dean Gitter interviews.
14. Contract between Dean Gitter and Albert Grossman, September 20, 1957, Bill Grauer Productions, Inc. v. Odetta Felious case file; Dean Gitter interviews.
15. O’Connor, “Albert Grossman’s Ghost,” 29.
16. Charlie Rothschild, author interviews, May 3, 2016, July 11, 2017; Sounes, Down the Highway, 103.
17. Odetta at the Gate of Horn, Tradition Records, 1957.
18. Robert Shelton, “Popular American Folk Songs on LP,” New York Times, January 26, 1958, 10X.
19. Odetta, Hill and Mangurian Collection interview.
20. June Starr, “A Panegyric Upon Odetta,” Oberlin Review, November 19, 1957, 2, 4.
21. Lesley Greening Taufer, author interview, March 21, 2016.
22. Lance Greening, author interview, April 8, 2016; Lesley Greening Taufer interview.
23. “TV Cites Tan Contributions,” Afro-American, May 3, 1958, 8.
24. Odetta to Samuel Freifeld, August 5, 1958, Odetta Papers.
25. Odetta, Hill and Mangurian Collection interview.
26. Odetta, Hill and Mangurian Collection interview.
CHAPTER SIX: TV SENSATION
1. John D. Morris, “50 Groups Demand Broad Rights Bill,” New York Times, April 9, 1959, 22.
2. Odetta, National Visionary Leadership interview.
3. J. S. H., “Odetta in Debut as Folk Singer,” New York Herald Tribune, April 25, 1959, 6.
4. Bill Grauer Productions, Inc. v. Odetta Felious case file.
5. Selma Thaler interviews; Lesley Greening Taufer interview.
6. Josh White Jr., author interview, January 25, 2016; Peter Yarrow, author interview, July 6, 2016.
7. Lesley Greening Taufer interview.
8. Sidney Fields, “A Voice That More Than Sings,” New York Mirror, December 18, 1960, n.p.; Izzy Young, “Frets and Frails,” Sing Out! 9, no. 1 (Summer 1959): 26.
9. George Wein, Tumblr post, accessed at http://newportfolkfest.tumblr.com/post/102451108878/odetta-newport-folk-festival-1959-wein; Wein recalled Odetta’s Storyville gig as 1958.
10. Will Leonard, “Folk Song Famine Over—Gate’s Open and Swinging,” Chicago Tribune, June 21, 1959, J11; James Reed, “Odetta, 77, Transcendent Voice Fused Heritage, Hopes into Civil Rights Movement,” Boston Globe, December 4, 2008, B8.
11. Joan Baez, author interview, March 16, 2017.
12. Baez, And a Voice to Sing With, 195–96.
13. Baez, And a Voice to Sing With.
14. “Folk Festival Really ‘Steaming Up’—Bigger Than Expected, Say Officials,” Newport Daily News, July 10, 1959, 1; Robert Shelton, “Folk Joins Jazz at Newport,” New York Times, July 19, 1959, Section II, 7.
15. Robert Shelton, “Folk Music Festival,” Nation, August 1, 1959, 59.
16. Odetta press release, early 1960s, Odetta Papers, SCRBC.
17. Little Sandy Review 9, circa 1961, 9.
18. Odetta memorial recording; Baez’s tribute was delivered on video; Joan Baez interview.
19. Wein, Myself Among Others, 315; “Joan Baez Talks About the Lovers, Cads and Music in Her Life,” Chicago Tribune, June 21, 1987, L6.
20. Shelton, “Folk Joins Jazz at Newport,” Section II, 7.
21. Harry Belafonte, liner notes to My Eyes Have Seen, Vanguard Records, 1959.
22. Wally George, “Court of Records,” Los Angeles Times, August 30, 1959, J35.
23. Bill Oliver, “LA’s Ash Grove Shelters Folk Music Beehive,” Sing Out! 9, no. 3 (Winter 1959–1960): 36–37.
24. Ed Pearl interview.
25. Lynn Gold Chaiken interview; Michael Davenport, “Live & Legit,” Canyon Crier, October 1, 1959, 8; “Odetta Captivates Audience, Makes You Glad to Be Alive,” New Mexican, September 29, 1959, 2.
26. Joy Tunstall, “Odetta Impressive in Detroit Song Debut,” Pittsburgh Courier, June 7, 1960, n.p.
27. Belafonte, My Song, 209.
28. Odetta memorial recording.
29. Raymond, Stars for Freedom, 35.
30. Kay Gardella, “Specs Aren’t Special Says Star Belafonte,” Sunday News, December 6, 1959, 13.
31. Robert De Cormier, author interview, June 19, 2016.
32. Robert De Cormier interview.
33. Harry Belafonte interviews.
34. “Television Reviews—Tonight with Belafonte,” Variety, December 16, 1959, 27; Fred Danzig, “‘Night with Belafonte’ Wins Praise of TV Fans,” United Press International, appearing in Chicago Defender, December 14, 1959, 17.
35. L. I. Brockenbury, “Brock’s Vox,” Los Angeles Sentinel, December 17, 1959, A6.
36. Jack Landrón (aka Jackie Washington), author interview, March 5, 2016.
37. Carlie Collins Tartakov, “Odetta,” article written for International Women’s Week, University of Massachusetts, March 28, 1980, Odetta Papers.
38. Ian, Society’s Child, 11–12.
39. Selma Thaler interviews; Charlie Rothschild interviews.
40. Marion Purcelli, “Success Comes in a Plain Envelope,” Chicago Daily Tribune, January 31, 1960, S5.
CHAPTER SEVEN: THAT LOVELY ODETTA . . . PLAYING A MURDERESS
1. Harry Belafonte to Odetta, December 16, 1959, Odetta Papers.
2. Belafonte to Odetta.
3. Makeba, Makeba: My Story, 86.
4. Purcelli, “Success Comes in a Plain Envelope,” S5.
5. Jay Milner, “The Folk Music Craze,” New York Herald Tribune, February 11, 1960, 20; “It’s Folksy . . . It’s Delightful, It’s a Craze,” Newsweek, June 6, 1960, 112–13.
6. Robert Shelton, “Modest Proposal for Disk Jockeys,” New York Times, March 6, 1960, X20.
7. Jeffrey Buckner Ford, author interview, August 3, 2017.
8. Jeffrey Buckner Ford interview.
9. Ernie Ford, The Ford Show, NBC, March 10, 1960.
10. Jeffrey Buckner Ford interview.
11. Percy Shain, “Pat Was Not So Pat, But Ernie Had It, Man,” Daily Boston Globe, March 11, 1960, 10.
12. J. M., “Singer Odelta’s [sic] Fans Given Proof of Artistry,” Detroit Free Press, March 19, 1960, n.p.
13. Selma Thaler interviews.
14. Tony Gieske, “Accent on Jazz,” Washington Post, April 24, 1960, 139; Leda Schubert, personal communication with author, October 5, 2018.
15. “Heed Their Voices,” New York Times, March 29, 1960, 25.
16. Steve W. Duncan, “Stars, Students Note Civil Rights Day,” Afro-American, May 28, 1960, 8.
17. Duncan, “Stars, Students Note Civil Rights Day.”
18. “Statue of Liberty,” New Yorker, May 28, 1960, 26–27.
19. “Statue of Liberty,” New Yorker.
20. “New Negro Is Key in Struggle,” New Amsterdam News, May 21, 1960, 1.
21. Odetta, National Visionary Leadership interview.
22. Fields, “A Voice That More Than Sings,” n.p.; Hedda Hopper, “Looking at Hollywood,” Chicago Daily Tribune, June 1, 1960, B1.
23. Gene D. Phillips, “Faulkner and the Film: Two Versions of ‘Sanctuary,’” Literature/Film Quarterly 1, no. 3 (July 1, 1973): 263; Richardson, The Long Distance Runner, 146.
24. Mike Connolly, “Rambling Reporter,” Hollywood Reporter, August 18, 1960, 2; Mike Connolly, “Rambling Reporter,” Hollywood Reporter, n.d.
25. Quoted in Raymond, Stars for Freedom, 35–36.
26. A. S. (Doc) Young, “The Big Beat,” Los Angeles Sentinel, November 17, 1960, A14; Odetta, National Visionary Leadership interview.
27. “Cinema: Southern Discomfort,” Time, February 24, 1961, accessed at http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,828790,00.html; New Republic, March 6, 1961, n.p.; Glenn Douglas, “Odetta Enroute [sic] to New Film Laurels,” Chicago Defender, April 13, 1961, 23.
28. Odetta memorial recording.
29. Peter Yarrow interview.
30. Carpenter, “Sweet Home Alabama,” 68.
31. Baez, And a Voice to Sing With, 58.
32. Belafonte, My Song, 207.
33. Ed Pearl interview.
34. Jerome Aumente, “Odetta: She Never Stops Changing, for If She Did, Folk Music Would Stop for Her,” Detroit News Pictorial Magazine, June 19, 1966, 44.
35. Dorothy Kilgallen, “Catholic Chaplain Enjoys Television Jazz Programs,” Tonawanda News, June 28, 1962, 12.
36. Angell, Bishop Henry McNeal Turner, 261.
37. Greenberg, “Power and Beauty,” 2–6.
CHAPTER EIGHT: ENTER BOB DYLAN
1. Bob Dylan, Playboy interview, March 1978, accessed at http://www.interferenza.com/bcs/interw/play78.htm.
2. Dylan, Chronicles, 237.
3. Spitz, Dylan: A Biography, 82–83.
4. Jahanara Romney (née Bonnie Jean Boettcher, aka Bonnie Beecher), author interview, October 18, 2017.
5. Robert Shelton, “Odetta Is Heard in a Song Program,” New York Times, March 6, 1961, 28; program from Town Hall concert, March 4, 1961, Odetta Papers.
6. Carrie Thaler interview.
7. Guy Davis, author interview, July 23, 2016.
8. Jo Mapes interviews.
9. Vivienne Muhling (née Stenson), author interview, August 9, 2016.
10. For background on the western genre, I’m indebted to Spencer, Art and Politics in Have Gun—Will Travel.
11. MacDonald, Blacks and White TV.
12. Peter Boone, author interview, April 25, 2016.
13. All quotations from Have Gun—Will Travel, CBS, November 3, 1961.
14. Grams Jr. and Rayburn, The Have Gun—Will Travel Companion, 390.
15. Richard Boone, “‘Have Gun’ Starting Sixth Season,” United Press International, appearing in Middletown Times-Herald, August 31, 1962, n.p.
16. Darcy Demille, “Data ’N Chatter,” Afro-American, October 5, 1963, 11.
17. Baldwin, “A Negro Assays the Negro Mood,” 103–4.
18. Andrea Benton Rushing, “Hair-Raising,” Feminist Studies 2, no. 2 (Summer 1988): 333.
19. Bob Queen, “Wash and Dry, Without Curls or Grease: Are Women Changing Hair Style to ‘Au Naturel’ African Way?,” New Pittsburgh Courier, September 2, 1961, 2.
20. Roloff, “Folk Singer Odetta Moving to Career Peak,” 8; Dorothy Kilgallen, “Voice of Broadway,” Anderson Daily Bulletin, May 25, 1961, 4.
21. J. R. Goddard, “Folk Music: Lesser Odetta,” Village Voice, June 1, 1961, 17.
22. Ralph J. Gleason (unsigned), “Monterey Jazz Festival in a Brilliant Finale,” San Francisco Chronicle, September 26, 1961, 36.
23. Lesley Greening Taufer interview.
24. Odetta, Cohen interview.
25. William McPherson, “She Sings in Key of Love,” Washington Post, August 3, 1961, C17; Collins George, “A Quiet Beauty,” Detroit Free Press, March 11, 1961, n.p.
26. Max Jones, “Odetta, the Beautiful Folk Singer, Says—” Melody Maker, December 16, 1961, 18; Aarons, “Odetta Comes Out of Her Cocoon,” A4.
27. Morris Kaplan, “U.S. Negro Artists Go to Africa to Join in Cultural Exchange,” New York Times, December 14, 1961, 54.
28. “Africa Is No Cultural Desert,” Lima News, July 21, 1962, 3; “Odetta Had Me in Tears,” Daily Times, December 22, 1961, 5.
29. “Odetta Had Me in Tears,” Daily Times.
30. “Caught in the Act,” DownBeat, August 17, 1961, 47; Joan Barthel, “Odetta Speaks Through Her Songs,” New York Times, March 7, 1965, X11.
CHAPTER NINE: IN THE HEART OF JIM CROW
1. John Winn, author interview, May 18, 2016.
2. John Winn interview.
3. Judy Collins, author interview, September 21, 2017.
4. Judy Collins interview; Collins, Singing Lessons, 102.
5. Odetta Gordon and Daniel Gordon, joint federal tax return, 1962, Odetta Papers; Charlie Rothschild interviews.
6. Tony Wilson, “Odetta—‘Call Me a Singer of Folk Songs,’” Melody Maker, August 10, 1968, 14.
7. Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 181.
8. “Dateline U.S.A.,” Melody Maker, April 21, 1962, 8.
9. Josh White Jr. interview.
10. Odetta-Hartford Smith Jr. interview; “Officials at UT Disturbed by Report Dr. King Invited,” Dallas Morning News, October 20, 1962.
11. Bill Hampton, “Songs from Their Hearts,” Daily Texan, January 12, 1962, 6.
12. Odetta-Hartford Smith Jr. interview.
13. Odetta-Hartford Smith Jr. interview.
14. Jack Landrón interview.
15. Rutha Mae Harris, author interview, March 12, 2016.
16. Shirley Blood, “Odetta Loves Folk Music: ‘It Draws People Together,’” Cedar Rapids Gazette, October 8, 1964, 14.
17. Andrew Rosenthal, “Odetta,” New York Times, December 4, 2008, A42.
18. Bernice Johnson Reagon, recollections of Odetta, accessed at http://www.bernicejohnsonreagon.com/odetta.shtml.
19. Doris Lockerman, “Odetta Was Born with a Voice Like a Weapon—Switches It from Blunt Cudgel to Thistledown,” Atlanta Constitution, March 1, 1962, 26.
20. Reagon, recollections.
21. Bernice Johnson Reagon interview on Democracy Now, December 30, 2008, accessed at http://www.democracynow.org/2008/12/30/dr_bernice_johnson_reagon_remembers_musical.
22. Stuart Culpepper, “Odetta’s Artistry Thrills Atlantans,” Atlanta Constitution, March 5, 1962, 3.
23. Bob Scott, “Court of Records,” Los Angeles Times, July 22, 1962, A27; John S. Wilson, “Odetta and the Blues,” DownBeat 29, no. 5 (September 27, 1962): 37.
24. “Folk Singing: Sybil with Guitar,” Time, November 23, 1962, accessed at http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,829501,00.html; Frank Hamilton interview.
25. Richard B. Hadlock, “Sometimes I Feel Like Cryin’,” DownBeat 29, no. 30 (December 6, 1962): 34.
26. E. Kyle Minor, “Music; Odetta, Still Singing the Blues,” New York Times, July 9, 2000, accessed at http://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/09/nyregion/music-odetta-still-singing-the-blues.html.
27. “Odetta at Town Hall,” Little Sandy Review 23, circa 1962, 5.
28. Alfred G. Aronowitz and Marshall Blonsky, “Three’s Company: Peter, Paul and Mary,” Saturday Evening Post, May 30, 1964, 30.
29. Charlie Rothschild interviews; O’Connor, “Albert Grossman’s Ghost,” 30; Sandra Shevey, “Mary Travers Has Her Say After 10 Years as Silent Partner,” Hartford Courant, January 2, 1972, 7D.
CHAPTER TEN: MARCH MUSIC
1. Eric Winter, “TV Trip for New York Folknik,” Melody Maker, January 19, 1963, 12; “Il Tranquillo, ‘Studio Uno,’” La Stampa, January 13, 1963, 4.
2. Adrian Mitchell, “Voice of Many Triumphs,” Daily Mail, January 11, 1963, n.p.
3. Shel Talmy, email to author, May 19, 2017.
4. “Folk TV Concert to Salute JFK,” Billboard, January 19, 1963, 18.
5. Nat Hentoff, “That Old McCarthy Hoot,” Village Voice, March 14, 1963, 5–6.
6. MacDonald, Blacks and White TV.
7. Lynn Gold Chaiken interview.
8. Dinner with the President; all quotations from the show are from this source.
9. Lynn Gold Chaiken interview.
10. Lynn Gold Chaiken interview.
11. Judy Collins interview; Collins, Sweet Judy Blue Eyes, 197.
12. Percy Shain, “Glowing Tribute to Liberty Ideal,” Boston Globe, February 1, 1963, 28; Rick Du Brow, “‘Dinner with the President’ Provided Acute Indigestion,” United Press International, appearing in Bristol Courier and Levittown Times, February 1, 1963, 16.
13. Robert Shelton, “Style in Transition Marks Odetta Show,” New York Times, April 6, 1963, 9.
14. Happy Traum, author interview, July 18, 2017.
15. Jack Keenan, “The Men Behind Belafonte and Odetta,” Hootenanny, November 1964, 44; “Odetta Links Folk Song, History,” newspaper clipping, circa 1965, Odetta Papers.
16. Odetta, recorded live at the Hollywood Bowl, Los Angeles, August 2, 1963, accessed at http://pastdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Folk-Night-Hollywood-Bowl-Aug.-2-1963-Part-1.mp3.
17. Mimi Clar, “Folk Singers Hailed by Packed Bowl,” Los Angeles Times, August 4, 1963, H4; Peter Yarrow interview.
18. Leroy F. Aarons, “A Treat Served Up at Carter Barron,” Washington Post, August 28, 1963, C5.
19. “Washington March Is On,” United Press International, appearing in Desert Sun, August 28, 1963, 1.
20. For the quote and the analysis of SNCC dress styles, I’m indebted to Ford, Liberated Threads, 78.
21. “Nation: Beginning of a Dream,” Time, September 6, 1963, accessed at http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870446,00.html.
22. ABC radio report, August 28, 1963, NAACP Papers, accessed on Pro-Quest History Vault.
23. Lula Patterson, “It Was No High Dress Affair, Reports Our Lula,” Afro-American, September 7, 1963, 8; “The March,” New Yorker, September 7, 1963, 30.
24. Mrs. Robert Hemphill, “Parole Area Highlights,” Evening Capital, September 1, 1963, 12; Patterson, “It Was No High Dress Affair,” 8; E. W. Kenworthy, “200,000 March for Civil Rights in Orderly Washington Rally; President Sees Gain for Negro,” New York Times, August 29, 1963, 1, 15.
25. French radio report on the March on Washington, August 28, 1963, accessed at http://www.ina.fr/audio/PHD94020134/marche-contre-le-racisme-a-washington-audio.html.
26. Sue Kronk, “Stars to Put Ban on Segregated Spots,” Lawrence Daily Journal-World, August 29, 1963, 5; French radio report.
27. French radio report; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, September 7, 1963, 13.
28. Bruce Langhorne, author interview, July 3, 2015.
29. Kronk, “Stars to Put Ban on Segregated Spots,” 5.
30. “Washington March Is On,” United Press International, appearing in Desert Sun, August 28, 1963, 1.
31. “Odetta on Parade,” Winnipeg Free Press, February 22, 1964, 16; Odetta memorial recording.
32. Odetta, WXPN radio interview.
33. Hajdu, Positively 4th Street, 183; A. W. Godfrey, “Civil Rights and the Spirit of ’63,” Newsday, August 28, 1981, 62.
34. Harry Belafonte interviews.
35. Billboard, January 19, 1963, 18.
36. “Newport Folk Festival,” Boston Globe, July 14, 1963, 63.
37. Joan Baez interview; Carpenter, “Sweet Home Alabama,” 68.
38. Jack Somer, author interview, August 30, 2016.
39. Charlie Rothschild interviews.
40. “Six Dead in Church Bombing,” United Press International, appearing in Washington Post, September 16, 1963, accessed at https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/churches/archives1.htm; Fred Powledge, “Alabama Bombing Protested Here,” New York Times, September 17, 1963, 26.
41. Alabama Bombing Protested Here,” New York Times.
42. M. S. Handler, “Negro Passivity Is Held Outdated,” New York Times, September 21, 1963, 8.
43. “Cultural Group Is Born Out of Major American Tragedy,” New Journal and Guide, November 30, 1963, 18.
44. John O. Killens to Harry Belafonte, October 1, 1963, John Oliver Killens Papers, Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives & Rare Book Library, Emory University.
45. M. Chafin, “Negro Leadership Split on Christmas Boycott,” Chicago Defender, November 9, 1963, 1.
46. Along the N.A.A.C.P. Battlefront,” Crisis 70, no. 9 (November 1963): 555–56.
47. “Strike Against Santa Claus,” unsigned editorial, New York Times, September 28, 1963, 18; Harry Belafonte interviews.
48. Guy Davis interview.
49. Nigel Williamson, “Miss Odetta,” Folk Roots 20, no. 11 (1999): 47; Don Armstrong, “Odetta—Citizen of the World,” Crisis 9, no. 6 (June/July 1983): 51.
CHAPTER ELEVEN: THE TIMES THEY ARE A-CHANGIN’
1. Jack Somer interview.
2. Charles Thurston, “Odetta and Her Guitar: That Respectful Feeling,” Detroit Free Press, May 17, 1966, 26.
3. Jack Keenan, “The Men Behind Belafonte and Odetta,” Hootenanny, November 1964, 44.
4. Jack Somer interview.
5. Jack Somer interview.
6. Joe Botsford, “Odetta Does It Again; Excites 1,000 Fans,” Milwaukee Sentinel, January 20, 1964, n.p.; Mark Bricklin, “Folk Singer Odetta Thrills Young Folks at Temple U. ‘Soul’ Concert,” Philadelphia Tribune, October 10, 1964, 11; “Vancouver,” Box Office 85, no. 3 (May 11, 1964): K-4.
7. Peter Childs, author interviews, April 9, 2016, October 2, 2016.
8. Peter Childs interviews.
9. Peter Childs interviews.
10. Peter Childs interviews.
11. Robert Shelton, “Symbolic Finale,” New York Times, August 2, 1964, section ii, 9.
12. Shelton, “Symbolic Finale.”
13. Carly Simon interview.
14. Jack Somer interview.
15. Jack Somer interview.
16. Jack Somer interview; Odetta, National Visionary Leadership interview.
17. Jack Somer, “A Little Tambourine Music,” Stereo Review, April 1974, 72.
18. Wavy Gravy (née Hugh Romney), author interview, October 18, 2017; Schilling, with Crisafulli, Me and a Guy Named Elvis, 141; “Record Reviews,” Variety, March 24, 1965, 70.
19. “On Broadway,” Time, April 2, 1965; Robert Shelton, “Odetta Returns for Folk Song Recital,” New York Times, March 15, 1965, 38.
20. Young, Reuss interview.
21. Charlie Rothschild interviews.
22. Adler, “Letter from Selma,” 121.
23. Adler, “Letter from Selma,” 124.
24. Adler, “Letter from Selma,” 148.
25. Belafonte, My Song, 302.
26. Report on the Selma march, Jet, April 8, 1965, 60, 62.
27. Ross Ragen, “Voting Rights Marchers Reach Alabama Capitol,” Associated Press, appearing in Wichita Falls Times, March 25, 1965, 8A; Gertrude Wilson, “How the Stars Fared at Montgomery Rally,” New Amsterdam News, April 3, 1965, 2.
28. King, My Life, My Love, My Legacy, 133; Donald Janson, “Stars Give Show for Rights March,” New York Times, March 25, 1965, 27.
29. Branch, At Canaan’s Edge, 160; Adler, “Letter from Selma,” 152–53.
30. Douglas Brinkley, “Indebted to Odetta,” Gambit Weekly, April 27, 2004, accessed at https://www.bestofneworleans.com/gambit/indebted-to-odetta/Content?oid=1242760; Frank Hunt, “30,000 Roar as King Declares ‘Freedom’ War,” Afro-American, April 3, 1965, 1; Barthell, “Odetta Speaks Through Her Songs,” X11.
31. CBS News archival footage of Selma to Montgomery march, March 25, 1965, accessed at http://www.cbs46.com/story/28565970/watch-newly-discovered-video-of-selma-to-montgomery-march; Branch, At Canaan’s Edge, 163; Hunt, “30,000 Roar,” 1.
32. Harriet Hutchinson, author interview, June 18, 2016.
33. Odetta memorial recording.
34. Selma Thaler interviews; Leo Vincent Daniel Gordon v. Odetta F. Gordon, Superior Court of the State of California, filed April 9, 1965.
35. Odetta, CBS Sunday Morning interview; Odetta, Caroline Horn interview.
36. Craig McGregor, “Odetta at the Town Hall,” Sydney Morning Herald, April 24, 1965, 11.
37. Dale Plummer, “Odetta Sings as She Feels,” Sydney Morning Herald, April 25, 1965, 77; “One (Wo)Man Show,” Variety, May 5, 1965, 54; Charlie Rothschild interviews.
38. Mary Portolesi, “Adelaide to Hear Odetta,” News, April 27, 1965, n.p.
39. J. Fukunishi, “Music Capitals of the World: Tokyo,” Billboard, June 5, 1965, 28.
40. Kenichi Takeda, written remembrance provided to author; Kenichi Takeda, author interview, July 18, 2019.
41. Nikkan Sports clipping, May 20, 1967, n.p.
42. Joe Town and Eddie Papa, “Caught at the Newport Folk Festival,” Billboard, August 7, 1965, 6; cited in Wald, Dylan Goes Electric!, 243–44.
43. Letter to the editor, Jerusalem Post, September 13, 1965, 3.
44. Pam Johnson, “From Classical to Coffee House, Odetta Gets Better,” Miami News, October 31, 1965, n.p.
45. John Herbers, “Birmingham’s Progress Is Slow in Race Relations,” New York Times, March 18, 1964, 25.
46. Johnson, “From Classical to Coffee House, Odetta Gets Better.”
47. Herbers, “Birmingham’s Progress Is Slow in Race Relations,” 25.
48. Albert Boutwell to Doris J. Mitchell, September 28, 1965, Albert Burton Boutwell Papers, Birmingham Public Library.
49. Clay Musselman, “Concert Tickets Hard to Sell,” Southern Courier, October 3–4, 1965, 1.
50. Musselman, “Concert Tickets Hard to Sell.”
51. Ernestine Taylor, “Odetta Sings in Birmingham,” Southern Courier, October 9–10, 1965, 2.
52. Taylor, “Odetta Sings in Birmingham.”
53. Albert Burton Boutwell Daily Appointment Books, 1965, Birmingham Public Library; Johnson, “From Classical to Coffee House, Odetta Gets Better.”
CHAPTER TWELVE: FREEDOM GETS PERSONAL
1. Aarons, “Odetta Comes Out of Her Cocoon,” A4.
2. Ralph J. Gleason, “The New Odetta—Better Than Ever,” San Francisco Chronicle, November 10, 1969, 52.
3. Aarons, “Odetta Comes Out of Her Cocoon,” A4.
4. Arthur Zeldin, “Odetta of the Cathedral Voice . . . A Force in a Featherweight Field,” Toronto Daily Star, October 5, 1966, 42.
5. John S. Wilson, “A Nightclub Made for Sound,” New York Times, September 25, 1966, 10M; Leonard “Boots” Jaffee, author interview, May 20, 2016.
6. Leonard “Boots” Jaffee interview.
7. Garry Shead, author interview, June 18, 2016.
8. Garry Shead interview; “Odetta Again,” Age, March 14, 1966, 7.
9. Garry Shead to Odetta, circa August 1966, Odetta Papers.
10. Belafonte, My Song, 310.
11. Harry Belafonte interviews.
12. McKeon, “Odetta’s Musical Odyssey Not Finished Yet,” C7.
13. Sounes, Down the Highway, 219–20; Selma Thaler interviews.
14. Odetta, Wilson interviews; Selma Thaler interviews; McKeon, “Odetta’s Musical Odyssey Not Finished Yet, C7.
15. Jack Somer interview; Charlie Rothschild interviews.
16. Verve Folkways ad, Billboard, January 21, 1967.
17. Verve Folkways ad, Variety, October 26, 1966, 52; “Odetta Waxes ‘Clown Town,’ a Pop Tune,” New Amsterdam News, October 8, 1966, 9.
18. John Pagones, “On the Town,” Washington Post, April 24, 1966, G6; Robert Shelton, “Chad Mitchell Expands as a Cabaret Performer,” New York Times, July 1, 1966, 39.
19. Garry Shead interview.
20. Ralph J. Gleason, “Odetta’s Dilemma—And ‘Cream’ From London,” San Francisco Chronicle, September 3, 1967, 35; Ralph Earle, “Odetta,” Broadside, undated clip, circa 1967, 28.
21. John Seiter, author interview, April 16, 2016.
22. Untitled news clipping, Garry Shead collection.
23. Garry Shead interview.
24. Garry Shead interview.
25. “Didn’t Marry Young White Australian, Says Odetta,” Jet, September 14, 1967, p. 53; Gary Shearston to Odetta, November 30, 1967, Odetta Papers.
26. Pat Hanna, “New Look for Talented Odetta,” Rocky Mountain News, February 23, 1968, 75.
27. Inaugural Evening at Ford’s Theater; Rick Du Brow, “Dignity Key to Format at Reopening of Ford’s Theater,” United Press International, appearing in Bucks County Courier Times, January 31, 1968, 22.
28. Hanna, “New Look for Talented Odetta,” 75.
29. Odetta, Cohen interview.
30. Barnett, I Got Thunder, 186; Carpenter, “Sweet Home Alabama,” 68; Odetta, Cohen interview; Cohen, Rainbow Quest, 114.
31. Charlie Rothschild interviews; Frank Hamilton interview.
32. Shevey, “Mary Travers Has Her Say After 10 Years as Silent Partner,” 7D.
33. David Amram, author interview, August 29, 2015.
34. Sounes, Down the Highway, 116.
35. Selma Thaler interviews.
36. Roland Forte, “‘Black Is Beautiful,’” Call and Post, February 17, 1968, 6A; Joy Elliott, “The Afro,” Washington Post, August 18, 1968, G13.
37. Cathy Horyn, “Go with the ’Fro,” Washington Post, March 15, 1994, E1.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: HIT OR MISS
1. Stephen Sorensen, “Odetta’s Life and Times,” Boston After Dark, June 8, 1971, 17.
2. Jo Mapes, Cohen interview.
3. Robert Carl Cohen interview; Stephen Miller, “Herb Cohen 1932–2010; Manager of Stars, Big Fan of Lawsuits,” Wall Street Journal, March 26, 2010, accessed at https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703409804575144051974708636.
4. Cashbox, November 28, 1970, 28; “Diamond, Big Brother, Farquhar, Hand, Derek & Dominoes, Odetta, Buckley, Avalon, Exuma Top LPs,” Billboard, November 18, 1970, 68.
5. J. Marks, “Odetta Sails on the Winds of Change from Folk Music to Today’s Rock and Roll,” Chicago Tribune, May 16, 1971, E1; quoted in “Odetta Sings on Fifth ‘Boboquivari’ Program,” Herald, August 30, 1971, TV-4.
6. Eliot Tiegel, “Talent in Action: Neil Diamond, Odetta,” Billboard, September 4, 1971, 20; Richard Cromelin, “Folksinger Odetta Does an About-Face,” Los Angeles Times, January 16, 1975, H11.
7. Polydor, Inc. v. Third Story Productions, Inc., Superior Court of the State of California, No. C 15976.
8. Ralph J. Gleason, “Judy and Joanie: End of the Trail?,” San Francisco Chronicle, March 2, 1969, 27.
9. Frederick Warhanek, author interviews, December 18, 2016, January 16, 2017, March 12, 2018.
10. Flora Felious to Odetta Gordon, August 27, 1972, Odetta Papers; Charlie Rothschild interviews.
11. Peggy Strait, author interview, July 22, 2017.
12. Hollie I. West, “Role as Bessie Smith,” Washington Post, December 16, 1972, B7.
13. Jacqueline Trescott, “Up From the ’60s, Odetta Finds a Song,” Washington Post, January 16, 1980, D7.
14. David Amram, “For Odetta,” accessed at http://www.insomniacathon.org/rrIDAFO01.html; Marilynn Preston, “Magical Odetta Sings of ‘Us’ and ‘Now’ in America, Chicago Today, March 22, 1970, 10.
15. Mary McGrory, “Peace-Fasters’ Song,” New York Post, April 14, 1970, 30; Sally Quinn, “Fasting to Affirm Life,” Washington Post, April 13, 1970, B1.
16. Leonard “Boots” Jaffee interview.
17. Steve Lake, “Bizarre Berlin,” Melody Maker, November 10, 1973, 62.
18. Christopher S. Wren, “Odetta Rhythms Warm Soviet Listeners,” New York Times, June 23, 1974, 42.
19. Michael McGuire, “Russia Souled Out by Odetta,” Chicago Tribune, May 27, 1974, B6.
20. US Information Agency, 42nd Semiannual Report, covering January 1–June 30, 1974.
21. Melor Sturua, “When Odetta Sings,” Izvestia, June 21, 1974, n.p.
22. Soviet fans to Odetta, June 8, 1974, Odetta Papers.
23. Audrey M. Ashley, “A New Career for Odetta,” Ottawa Citizen, August 9, 1975, 59.
24. Herbert Whittaker, “Odetta a Dominating Force in Neptune’s Gamma Rays,” Globe and Mail, July 21, 1977, 14; Montreal Star, quoted in press release by Kazuko Hillyer International, Odetta Papers; Susan Wilson, “Odetta: Still Saying It with Music,” Boston Globe, January 24, 1985, 10.
25. Les Bridges, “Odetta: A Concert-Hall Voice in a Coffeehouse,” Chicago Tribune, May 25, 1973, B1.
26. Cathy Yarbrough, “Singer Shuns ‘Top 40’ Success,” Atlanta Constitution, March 16, 1973, 8B.
27. Les Ledbetter, “Odetta Hopes for Rediscovery in Shift to Rock Style,” New York Times, May 9, 1973, 40.
28. Louisiana Red to Odetta, 1976, Odetta Papers; Blake Green, “Odetta—Time for Coming Home,” San Francisco Chronicle, October 12, 1976, 22.
29. Frederick Warhanek interviews; Carrie Thaler interview.
30. Richard Hart to Odetta, February 6, 1978, Odetta Papers.
31. Richard Harrington, “Old Times with Odetta at the Childe Harold, Washington Post, September 15, 1978, B8.
32. John McWhorter, “Saint Maya,” New Republic, May 28, 2014, accessed at https://newrepublic.com/article/117924/saint-maya-angelou-product-blissfully-bygone-america.
33. Lance Greening interview; Roger Deitz, author interview, January 6, 2008.
34. Odetta memorial recording; Frederick Warhanek interviews.
35. Selma Thaler interviews.
36. Roger McGuinn, author interview, May 1, 2017.
37. Vicki Sanders, “Odetta: A Singer with a Soaring Spirit,” Berkshire Sampler, June 30, 1974, 17.
38. David Amram interview.
39. Roger Deitz interview; Dave Fry, author interview, March 10, 2018.
40. Morris, “No More New Year-Birthday Blues,” 35.
41. Armstrong, “Odetta—Citizen of the World,” 51.
42. Roger Deitz interview.
43. Odetta memorial recording.
44. Lynn Van Matre, “Queen of the Folkies Wears Her Crown Lightly,” Chicago Tribune, December 5, 1986, D3.
45. Ed Pearl interview; Jack Landrón interview.
46. Frederick Warhanek interviews; Carrie Thaler interview.
47. David Amram interview.
48. Garry Shead interview.
49. Bob Darden, “Gospel Lectern,” Billboard, February 25, 1989, 69.
50. Robbie Woliver, author interview, May 14, 2018.
51. “Words of the Week,” Jet, July 4, 1983, 40.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: BLUES EVERYWHERE I GO
1. Mark Carpentieri, author interview, February 20, 2017.
2. Mark Carpentieri interview.
3. Seth Farber, author interview, November 2, 2015.
4. Letta Tayler, “Getting Personal with Baez, Odetta,” Newsday, March 22, 1996; Seth Farber interview.
5. Mark Carpentieri interview.
6. Mark Carpentieri interview; Frederick Warhanek interviews.
7. Doug Yeager, Odetta biographical sketch.
8. Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 35, no. 39 (October 4, 1999): 1847–1853.
9. Tom Nelligan, “Odetta: An American Voice,” Dirty Linen, April 2000, 51.
10. Donal Leace, author interview, July 18, 2016.
11. Doug Yeager interviews.
12. Hadley Frank-John, “Odetta: Blues Everywhere I Go,” DownBeat 67, no. 3 (March 2000): 72; Ann Powers, “The Pop Life: Favorite CD’s You Nearly Missed,” New York Times, January 13, 2000, E5.
13. Geoffrey Himes, “Odetta: ‘Blues Everywhere I Go,’” Washington Post, February 18, 2000, 17.
14. Notice of Federal Tax Lien on 1270 Fifth Ave, Apt. 8R, filed April 15, 1994; Chase Manhattan Bank USA v. Odetta F. Gordon, filed April 14, 1999, New York County Civil Court.
15. Doug Yeager interviews.
16. Seth Farber interview.
17. Isaac Guzman, “Odetta’s Dreamer,” Newsday, February 18, 2000.
18. Frederick Warhanek interviews.
19. Pat Hendricks, “Folk Blues Icon Odetta Enchanting,” Charleston Gazette, October 30, 2000, 2C.
20. Chris Cobb, “Die-Hard Fans Undeterred by Wet, Grey Day: Gospel Choirs Lift Rain-Soaked Spirits,” Ottawa Citizen, July 10, 2000, A10.
21. Radoslav Lorković, author interview, January 16, 2016.
22. Mike Koster, author interview, May 12, 2017.
23. Williamson, A Return to Love, 190.
24. Mark Carpentieri interview.
25. Doug Yeager interviews.
26. Odetta memorial recording.
27. Michelle Esrick, author interview, December 15, 2018.
28. Elizabeth Elliott, author interview, April 25, 2016.
29. Odetta memorial recording.
30. Robin Denselow, “Talking Bob Dylan Blues,” Guardian, September 28, 2005, accessed at https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/sep/28/popandrock.bobdylan.
31. Radoslav Lorković: interview.
32. Odetta memorial recording.
33. Michelle Esrick interview.
34. Seth Farber interview.
35. Josh White Jr. interview.
36. Michael Koster, “Odetta’s Music Backdrop for Civil Rights Era,” Santa Fe New Mexican, December 13, 2008, B5.
37. Vania Santi, author interview, May 22, 2018.
38. Dave Keyes, author interview, February 21, 2018.
39. Dave Keyes interview.
40. Statement on Odetta’s health by Doug Yeager, in Sean Michaels, “Odetta Survives Kidney Failure,” The Guardian, accessed at https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/dec/01/folksinger-odetta-kidney-failure.
41. “Tributes: Honoring Artists Who Died This Year,” Rolling Stone, December 25, 2008–January 8, 2009, 38, 42.
42. David Hinckley, “Odetta Left Message of Hope,” New York Daily News, December 4, 2008, 29; Doug Yeager interviews.
EPILOGUE: “WHO WILL BE THE ODETTA OF NOW?”
1. Odetta memorial recording.
2. Odetta memorial recording.
3. Odetta memorial recording.
4. John Seiter interview; Selma Thaler interviews.
5. Jeff Mays, “Home of Harlem Folk Singer Odetta Marked with Plaque,” DNA Info.com, July 18, 2012, accessed at https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20120718/east-harlem/home-of-harlem-folk-singer-odetta-marked-with-plaque.
6. Selma Thaler interviews.
7. Peter Childs interviews.
8. Harry Belafonte interviews.
9. Odetta memorial recording.