Index

Academy of Humanism, 55

ACSB. See American Committee to Save Bosnia

Adžić, General Blagoje, 44, 121 n.

Africa, 287

Albania, 40, 54, 176, 262–63

Ambivalence, 4–6, 20

of intellectuals, 5, 6–7

and postmodernism, 11. See also Western intellectuals

American Association for Advancement of Slavic Studies, 25

American Civil War, 168

American Committee to Save Bosnia (ACSB), 35nn., 41, 314, 325, 335, 339–40, 343. See also SAGE (Students Against Genocide)

American Philosophical Association, 55

Amnesty International, 37

reports of Croatian atrocities against Serbs, 16, 315

reports of Yugoslavian war killings, 59–60, 93

Anti-Genocide Campaign: campus grassroots activism, 22

Anti-Islam, 26

Arkan. See Ražnatović, Željko

Arms: Israeli-made, Serb use of, 115–16

Israeli sale of to Serbia, 112, 114, 117. See also Arms embargo

Arms embargo, 4

Dole-Lieberman bill to end, 318

policy makers against lifting of, 23

U.S., against Bosnia-Herzegovina, 20, 23, 30–31, 44, 118, 289–90, 325, 341

Atrocities: committed by former Yugoslavia; 23

Croat and Bosnia Muslim acts against Serbs, 122n.

in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, 47

proof of Serbian atrocities, 96

Serbian acts against Bosnia, 1, 5–6, 10, 15, 45, 93, 120n.

Serbian and Bosnian Serbian acts against Bosnian Muslims, 122 n. See also Belgrade

Auschwitz, 6, 9

Austria, 122 n., 284–85

Auty, Phyllis, 123 n.

Bacon, Francis: quoted, 65

Baker, James, 183–84

Balkan War: root cause of, 17, 25, 29

use of term, 3, 5

Baram, Haim, 106

Barbarism. See New Barbarism

Barnett, Michael N., 23

Bassiouni, Cherif, 15, 286, 297 n.

Baudrillard, Jean, 10, 11, 29–30, 79–89

as postmodernist, 12

Belgrade, 4, 12, 14–17, 23–24, 29, 31, 42–43, 51–54, 76, 97–98, 109, 113–14, 117, 167, 184, 193, 195, 254–55, 258, 289, 292, 296–98nn., 301 n., 336

condemnation of Belgrade-sponsored aggression, 22

emigration psychosis alive in, 56

newspaper reports of Serbian atrocities in Croatia and Bosnia 16

political establishment, 55

propaganda against Croats, 18

sanctions against, 20

supplier of fuel and money to Bosnian Serbs, 36n.

war raged by proxies of Belgrade regime, 3, 4, 6, 287

Belgrade regime, 4, 6, 15–16, 29, 42, 52, 54, 56, 63 n., 114

responsible for Serb guerrilla attacks against Croatia, 55. See also Belgrade

Bentley, Congresswoman Helen Delich: support of Serbia, 197–203

Binder, David, 13

Blitz, Brad K, 18, 25, 277 n., 327, 341

Block, Robert, 13

Bosnia, 3, 4, 6, 24, 26–27, 29–31, 53–54, 68–70, 73–74, 76, 87, 89

comparison to Vietnam, 68

right to self-defense, 187–88

West abdicates responsibility for, 75

Bosnia-Herzegovina, 50–54, 61–62 n., 94, 103, 188–90, 313–14, 344n.

depicted as civil war; 26, 44–5, 47

Serbian concentration camps in, 45

Serbian war plan, 39

war against, 3, 6, 43

weapons embargo, 20

Bosnian Muslims, 5, 14, 16, 20, 27–30, 46, 52, 85, 92, 98–99, 103–5, 108, 123n.

atrocities of, 122n.

ethnic cleansing of, 2, 98, 294

European sites of genocide, 8

formation of Muslim-Croat federation, 3

mass killings, 7, 8, 10

mass rape of women and young girls, 99. See also Islam between the East and West (Izetbegović)

Bosnian Serbs, 10, 23, 27, 79, 96, 191–92, 195

attacks of, on UN-declared safe areas Srebrenica and Žepa, 1

portrayal as victims of Croat-Muslim aggression, 25

reactivate concentration camps, execute civilians and arouse mass terror, 2

right of to self defense, 4, 10–11

Bosnians, 30, 81, 86, 105

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, 1, 143–14, 151–52, 154, 159n.

quoted, 286, 291, 297 n., 301 n.

Britain, 48, 75–76, 119 n., 243–71, 284, 288–89, 294

Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 8, 22, 35 nn.

Bulgaria, 3

Cambodia, 10, 72

Cancar, Petar, 99

Carrington, Lord Peter, 190, 269

blaming of violations on Muslim Slavs, Serbs and Croats, 20

Carter, Jimmy, President, 24, 223

peace mission to Herzegovina, 36 n.

Chetnik movement, 70, 253–54, 255

militia campaigns of massacre, 54

Serbian irregulars, 54

slaughtering of Muslims, 103. See also Mihailović, Draža; Partisans

China, 288

Chomsky, Noam, 10, 32 n.

Christopher, Warren, Secretary of State, 77, 155, 300 n.

Churches and houses of worship: destruction of. See Genocide

CIA, 97–98

report on atrocities of Belgrade regime, 15, 46, 97, 286

report on genocide, 15

Cigar, Norman, 17, 34 n., 64 n., 120–21nn., 160 n., 230 n.

as former Pentagon analyst, 93–94, 96, 98

Civic Nationalism. See Nationalism

Civilized federalism, 22

Clinton administration, 33 n., 98, 142, 220, 333, 348

Clinton, Bill, President, 153, 155–56, 161 n., 290, 323, 332, 345

inaction on Bosnia, 68. See also Dole-Lieberman bill

Cohen, Philip J., 14, 18, 123 n.

Cohen, Roger, 10, 13, 161 nn.

Cold War, 106, 117, 118, 134–51, 254, 283, 287, 292, 293, 343

Collective guilt: as pretext for mobilizing against a population, 18

doctrine of, 25, 27

Collective security, 75

Communist Party, Yugoslav, 40, 49, 285. See also Tito, Marshal Josip Broz

Concentration camps, 52, 190, 192

in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 112

Nazi camps, 53

Serbian camps, 45, 52–53, 95

Western responses to Auschwitz and Dachau, 6. See also Auschwitz; Dachau; Omarska (Serbian concentration camp)

Conversi, Daniele, 18–19, 244–81

Cosic, Dobrica, 40, 55

Croatia, 5, 13, 23–27, 29, 31, 36–37 n., 41, 50, 53–54, 76, 92, 96, 122 n., 177–83, 248, 255, 258–59, 262, 302 n., 316, 323, 325, 334, 337–38

Croatian offenses against Bosnian Muslims in Mostar, 16

Croatian Serbs, 4, 18, 27

Croat-Muslim drive to re capture territory, 2

declaration of independence, 43–44

fascist Ustasha regime in World War II, 25

formation of Muslim-Croat federation, 3, 4, 6

free election held in, 41

invasion of, 43

police and local militia, 42

recapturing of Krajina, 16

Serbian plan for war in, 39

Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), 18

Croats, 35 n., 39, 40, 46, 49–52, 54, 72, 74, 92, 98

in Bosnia, 75, 105

role of in Partisan resistance, 49

Čubrilović, Vaša, 56, 57 nn.

“Expulsion of the Albanians” memorandum, 40

Cultural determinism, 247–48

Cultural monuments, destruction of. See Genocide

Cultural relativism, 246

Cushman, Thomas, 1–38

Dachau, 6

Dawidowicz, Lucy, 6

Dayton Accord, 2, 24, 117–18, 314, 322

and genocide, 319–21

partition plan, 332

right to self-defense, 319

Diaspora groups, 187–243

Diaspora Jews, 110

Dindić, Zoran, 55

Diždarević, Zlatko, 10

Djilas, Milovan, 104

Dole, Senator Robert, 22, 183–84. See also Dole-Lieberman bill

Dole-Lieberman bill: Clinton veto of, 332–33, 345n.

to end arms embargo against Bosnia, 318, 342, 345 n., 346 n.

Drašković, Vuk, 166

Dubrovnik, 14

shelling of, 166

Eagleburger, Lawrence, 119 n. 166, 183–84

names suspected war criminals, 298–99 nn.

ambassador to Belgrade, 91

secretary of state, 23, 45

East Timor, 10

Embassy of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 97

Emigration psychosis, 40

Enlightenment project, 8–9, 11, 22, 29

enlightened civility, 11

Equivocation: role in Western non-response to Bosnia, 19, 27

Erne, David, 48, 51–52

inflammatory report to UN commission, 48

Ethnic cleansing, 2, 4, 6, 14–15, 25, 29–30, 36 n., 45–46, 52, 82, 88, 94, 108, 117, 149–50, 256, 291

campaigns of, 53

misuse of term, 14–16. See also Rape

Ethnic conflict, 14

between Croats and Muslims, 18

Ethnic nationalism. See Nationalism

Ethnic partition, 24. See also Dayton Accord

Europe, 16, 26–27, 29, 66, 71–72, 82–83, 88, 122 n., 150

genocide and atrocities in, 20–21

the new Europe, 79

“real” Europe as a white Europe, 82

U.S. withdrawal from, 69

European Commission on Human Rights: reports of Croatian atrocities against Serbs in Krajina, 16

European Community, 2–3, 44, 48, 75, 244–45, 265

imposes arms embargo, 44

Falk, Richard, 295

Fascism, 5

Federal Defense Ministry: Serbian controlled, 43

Federation of Yugoslav Immigants; opposing lift of arms embargo, 341–2, 349 n.

Ferdinand, Archduke Franz: assassination of, 40

Finci, Predrag: quoted, 56

Fink, Sheri, 7, 22

Foca, 99

Former Yugoslavia, 2–3, 5, 8, 14, 16, 23, 37 n., 52, 72–73, 92, 96, 101, 110–13, 149, 176, 282–303, 316, 343

dissolution of Yugoslavia, 14

war crimes in, 8

war in, 90

Frames of reference: as rationalizations, 28

importance of, 28

rationalization for nonintervention in Bosnia, 20, 24

sociological study of, 26

sociological term for rationalization, 20, 25–26, 30

tolerance by Western nations of genocide in Bosnia, 27

France, 38 n., 75, 117, 119 n., 244, 248, 265, 271, 288–89, 294

Frankfurt School, 16

Gajić-Glišić, Dobrila, 113

Galvin, General John, 289

Genocide, 1, 3–6, 8–15, 17–19, 22, 25–27, 29–30, 46–47, 56, 79, 102, 108, 119, 123 n., 297 n., 301n.

adequacy of UN definition of, 19–20, 230n.

complicity of Serbian intellectuals in, 14–15

definition of, 16, 320, 359

deliberate instrument of Serb policy, 52–54

European, 8, 68, 287, 291–94

European state policy in World War n, 4, 6

in Bosnia, 7–11, 13, 19–20, 24, 27–28, 60 n., 79, 120 n., 149

in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 16

involvement of Serbian leaders and intellectuals, 36n.

Serbian, 26–27, 47

vs. other war crimes and atrocities, 18

Western elite ignorance of, 20. See also Media (electric); Media (print)

Genocide Convention of 1948 (1949), 43, 286, 348 n., 360

Gentile, Louis, 8

Germany, 6, 13, 24, 27, 29, 72, 101, 106, 121 n., 123 n., 248, 256, 262, 264, 271, 284, 289, 294

recognition of Slovenia and Croatia, 13

Gligorov, Kiro, 166

Greater Serbia, 72, 76, 189, 195

propaganda of, 180–81

Greece, 3, 119 n., 244, 247–8

Greek-Turkish model for Bosnia, 69

Greenfeld, Liah, 22

Gutman, Roy, 57 n., 60 n., 77 n., 93–94, 99, 119–22nn., 256, 320

Hamilton, Congressman Lee: recipient of Balkan lobbying efforts, 214–21

Helsinki Commission, 48

Helsinki Declaration: denying right to secede, 285, 297 n.

Helsinki Watch, 15, 48, 60 n., 120n.

reports of, 95, 98, 112, 121n.

reports of Croatian atrocities against Serbs in Krajina, 16

Herzfeld, Michael 131–34, 147, 158 n.

Historical determinism, 19, 247–49

Historical parallels: to Bosnian war, 65–68

Hitler, Adolf, 24, 29, 48, 51 68 72, 76

expulsion of Jews, 39–40

Holocaust Jewish, 6–9, 29–30, 40, 45, 56, 68, 72, 111, 119 n., 122–23nn., 149, 315–16, 320–21, 323

as instance of genocide, 7, 19

difference from genocide in Bosnia, 7–8

European site of, 8, 9

memorial in Washington, DC, 68

Steven Spielberg and Schindler’s List, 8

the “we did not know” rationalization, 6. See also Western intellectuals

Hungary, 285

Hungarians in Croatia, 45

Hussein, Saddam, 85–86

Hyperreality: concept of portrayal of death, 10, 79

world of the simulacrum, 10

Indicted war criminals, 4, 19

Indonesian government, 10

Instrumental rationality, 9

International Court of Justice, 48

demands Serbia and Montenegro prevent genocide in Bosnia, 20

International Humanist and Ethical Union, 55

International Law of Human Rights, The (Sieghart), 283, 295

International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Responsible Persons for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committee in the Territory of Former Yugoslavia since 1991 (UN commission), 48

International War Crimes Tribunal, 15, 17, 320

charges Serbs with genocide and crimes against humanity, 20

indicts Bosnian war criminals, 2, 20, 363

indicts Bosnian Croats, 16

Iran, 29

Islam between East and West (Izetbegović), 28

Islamic fundamentalism, 26–29, 108

Islamic terrorism, 28

Israel, 25, 29–30, 90–127

Israeli Communist Party, 102

Italy, 285, 294

Ivanko, Alexander, 21

Izetbegović, Alija, 28, 103, 109, 166, 285

Islam Between East and West, 28

Jews, 10, 25, 40, 45, 92, 104, 107, 114, 124

European, 24—25, 30

Zionist federation, 68. See also Diaspora Jews

Judas, Miloš, 58 n.

Karadžić, Radovan, 2, 5, 24, 27, 35 n. 49, 51, 73, 76, 93, 98–99, 105, 108, 166, 169, 191–96, 221, 259

International War Crimes Tribunal indictments against, 363–401

Kaufman, Michael T., 3

Kenney, George, 28

Kofman, Daniel, 9, 25, 29

Kollek, Teddy (former mayor of Jerusalem), 92, 107, 117

Kosovo, 40–41, 59, 76, 198

Serbian attacks, 59n.

Serbian defeat by Turks, 41

Serbs terminate autonomy of, 41

Kostović, Ivan, 58 n.

Krajina, 14, 17, 41

blockade of roads, 41–42

Croat recapture of, 16

Serbian revolt, 25, 41

Kuristan, 10

League of Nations, 73, 75

Covenant, 284

Letica, Slaven, 14, 31 n., 35 n.

Lewis, Anthony, 8

MacKenzie, General Lewis, 63 n., 91, 96, 119 n.

Major, John, Prime Minister, 96, 119 n., 260

Maksimović, Vojislav, 99

Marković, Ante, 166–67, 169–70

Marković, Mihailo, 55, 64 n., 253–54

denounces U.S. role in Persian Gulf War, 55

Martić, Milan, 50, 124 n.

Masaryk, Thomas, 22

Mazowiecki, Tadeusz, 45, 60 nn.

Media (electronic), 79

bias in reporting Croat and Muslim acts against Serbs, 17

bias in Israeli reporting, 105

Bosnia as media spotlight, 9–10

globalization of information, 6

“second media age of postwar era”, 7

Media (print), 7, 79

American, 106

bias in reporting Croat and Muslim acts against Serbs, 17

coverage in Bosnia, 9

on genocide in Bosnia, 10

Mesić, Stipe, 43

Mihailović, Draža, 48–49, 51, 55 n., 76, 108, 113, 116

Military forces: International Rapid Reaction forces, 85, 88

Slovenian Territorial Defense Forces, 43–45

Yugoslav Federation Army, 53–54

Yugoslav Federation Army defeated by Slovenian defense forces, 44, 48

Yugoslav National Army capture of Croatian territory, 4

Milošević, Misha, 191–94

Milošević, Slobodan, 5, 16, 40–43, 51, 55–56, 64 n., 68, 72, 76, 91, 93, 108, 114, 116, 121 n., 125 n., 166, 170–71, 175–76, 193, 255, 258, 285, 290, 342

Mladić, General Ratko, 35 n., 38 n., 223, 259

indicted war criminal, 2

list of indictments against, 13, 363–401

Moljević, Stevan, 59

Montenegro, 3, 20, 40–41

Serbian ally, 41

UN imposed sanctions against, 193

Moore, Patrick, 17

Moral equivocation, 18, 19

equivalency of Serbs, Bosnian Muslims, Croats as perpetrators of war crimes, 53

Moral relativism, 11–13, 18–19, 22–23, 231 n., 244–46, 256, 258–59, 266–67, 270–71

definition of, and role in postmodernism, 111

Moral universalism, 246

Mostar, 16

Moynihan, Senator Daniel, 31

Multiculturalism: 11–12

and treatment of Serbia, 11–12

Muslims, 25, 27, 35 n., 50, 53, 68, 72, 74, 92, 96, 98, 103, 105

fate of, compared to Armenians, 68

Nagel, Thomas: quoted, 294

National Council of the Republic of Serbia: declaration of Krajina as Serbian, 43. See also Yugoslav Federation, constitution of 1974 and violations of

Nationalism, 23, 175

civic and ethnic, differentiation between, 22–23

ethnic, 302–12

federalist (unitarism), 169

pro-Serbian, 106

separatist, 169. See also Tudjman, Franjo

NATO, 28, 118, 153–55, 166, 177, 255, 286–87, 291, 325, 346

air strikes against Bosnian Serbs, 1–2, 10, 131, 154, 291

Nazis, 4, 6, 9, 24–28. 45, 48–49, 53, 56, 72, 76, 92, 94–95, 108–9, 122

Nedić, General Milan (Nazi puppet ruler), 26

Neo-isolationism, 23, 69

New Barbarism, 2, 8, 148, 302n.

Orwellian approach to, 292–93

New European Order. See New World Order

New Intellectual Order, 82

New World Order, 82–83, 87

New York Review of Books, 13, 121 n.

New York Times, 8, 13, 20, 25, 32nn., 36–37nn., 48, 55 n., 58–59, 96, 119 n., 159–61nn., 191, 296–97nn., 300 n., 302 n., 347–48 nn.

New York Times Magazine, 19, 28

Nuremberg: contrast with Bosnia in principles, 282–83, 295n.

Western ignorance of principles of, 20

Nuremberg era: post-World War II trials, 8, 46, 284, 286–87, 292, 295 n., 298 n.

Omarska (Serbian concentration camp), 32, 45, 94–95

Opačić, Jovan, 50

Open Media Research Institute, 17

“Orientalism,” 26

Orr, Ori, 114, 116–17

Orwell, George, 5, 11–12, 292

contempt for fascism, 5

critic of evil, 11

Ostojić, Veelivor, 99

Owen, David, 286

Pale, 97

Partisans, 103, 253–54. See also Tito, Marshal Josip Broz

Pavelić, Ante, 18. See also Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ)

Peace talks: Dayton Accord, 2

negotiated settlement, 24. See also Dayton Accord

Peres, Shimon, Foreign Minister, 102, 114

Perry, William, Secretary of Defense, 155

Persian Gulf War, 55, 86–87

Petovar, Tanja, 52

Poland, 291

Popović, Pero, 63 n.

Porat, Yehoshua, 105

Poster, Mark, 7

Postmodernism: as intellectual movement, 12

culture of, 302n.

definition and characteristics of, 11–12

media and postmodernism, 11–12, 302n.

as rebellion against the Enlightenment project, 11

voyeuristic tendencies of, 79. See also Moral relativism

Powell, General Colin (chairman of U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff), 288, 299 n.

Public information: information “super highway,” 9

relationship to moral intervention, 7

Rabin, Prime Minister, 111, 116, 124n.

assassination of, 115

Radic, Stjepan, 174

Rape, 5–6, 15, 44, 52–53, 93, 106, 108

as Serbian method of terror, 46–47, 61 n., 99

gang, of pregnant women by Serbian soldiers, 47

mass, 6, 15, 17

as part of ethnic cleansing, 47

of young girls, 106

camps, for forcibly impregnating non-Serbian women, 47

systematic, of Muslims, 20

Rašković, Jovan, 4, 14, 42, 49–50, 55

Luda zemlja, 50. See also Serbian Democratic Party

Rationalization. See Frames of reference; Typifications

Rav-Ner, Tsvi, 97

Ražnatović, Željko, 93, 106

as “Arkan,” 4, 106

Red Cross: reports of Croatian atrocities in Krajina, 16

Relativism. See Moral relativism

Republic of Serbia, 41

Revisionism, 232 n.

Rieff, David, 4, 95, 98–99, 120 n., 160 n., 296 n.

Riesman, David, 22, 31

Rifkind, Malcolm, 71–73, 75, 91, 96

Root causes of Bosnian war, 67

Rorty, Richard, ll,32n.

Russia. See Soviet Union, 247–48

Rwanda, 10, 24, 128–62, 287, 322

Sadkovich, James J., 20, 282–303

SAGE (Students Against Genocide), 256, 314–15, 329, 334–35, 339–40, 343, 348 n.

SANA (Serbian Academy of Science and Art), 76

1986 memorandum, 39–41, 55, 56–57 nn.

Sarajevo, 1–2, 10, 21, 29, 37, 47, 49, 56, 79–84, 88, 100–2, 105, 109, 151, 155, 190–91, 256, 289, 316, 336

shelling of marketplace and bombing of schools, 27

SCIC. See Serbian Council Information Center

Secular theodicy, concept of, 133

Self-determination, principle of, 285, 290, 298 n. See also Tudjman, Franjo

Serbia, 3, 39–41, 53, 83, 91–92, 100, 177

leadership named as suspected war criminals, 45

sanctions against, 68

war effort of, targeting civilian Croats, 54

military juggernaut of, 4, 8, 14, 20, 23, 25, 29, 41, 43

supports Yugoslavian weapons embargo, 44

Serbian Academy of Science and Art. See SANA

Serbian aggression, 26–27, 29, 47, 56, 75, 84–86, 91, 119 n., 124 n., 126n.

blitzkrieg of rape, looting, mutilation and civilian murder, 44

genocide in Balkan War, 17

pan-Serbian, 173

use of Western troops to check aggression, 67

military inability of the West to react to, 87

Serbian Council Information Center (SCIC), 194

Serbian Democratic Party, 42, 50–51, 55, 193

Serbian expansionism: threat to European security, 76

Serbian Information Initiative, 236 n.

Serbianization, 11, 84

Baudrillard’s definition of, 11, 84–86

Serbian labor camps. See Concentration camps

Serbian nationalism, revival of, 40

Serbian Orthodox Church, 188

issues “Proposed Serbian Church National Program,” 41–42

Serbian program of genocide. See Atrocities; Genocide

Serbian propaganda, 25, 41, 44

nature of, 91

Serbian Radical Party, 6, 16, 5–52. See also Seselj, Vojislav

Serbian Socialist Party, 55

Serbian Unity Congress (SUC), 52, 194, 200–14, 217, 221–29, 238nn., 241 n.

SerbNet: Serbian American lobby group, 91, 119 n., 200–203

Serbophilia, 245, 250, 252, 256

after collapse of Titoism, 255–62

British Serbophilism and toleration of war crimes, 19. See also West, Rebecca

Serbs, 5, 11–20, 23–26 28–29, 40, 43, 46, 52, 67, 70, 74–75, 82, 84–86, 88, 91, 98, 101, 105

and killing of Bosnian Muslims, 10

of Croatia seek autonomy, 41

propaganda of, created by Serbian intellectuals, 18

exodus of, from Bosnian control, 14

superiority of, 50

Šešelj, Vojislav, 16, 52, 106

Sieghart, Paul, 295n.

The International Law of Human Rights, 283, 295

Silajdžić, Harris (prime minister of Bosnia), 73

Simms, Brendan, 17, 19, 65–78

Simulacrum: concept of, 10, 79

Slovenes, 92, 101, 168

Slovenia, 13, 27, 52, 54, 106, 258, 263

declaration of independence, 43

secession of, 13, 44

1991 war against, 3, 6

Socialist Party, 16. See also Milošević, Slobodan

Soviet Union, 48, 109, 151, 284, 294

Spanish Civil War, 5, 73, 289, 290

Srebrenica, 1, 17, 106, 125 n.

Stalin, 72

expulsion of Jews, 40

Stefanović, Mirko (charge d’ affaires for Embassy of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), 97

Stojanović, Svetozar, 55

Strasbourg, 80

Students Against Genocide. See SAGE

SUC. See Serbian Unity Congress

Teitelbaum, Raoul, 105

Telford, Taylor, 286, 297 n.

Thatcher, Margaret Prime Minister, 71, 75

accuses Britain of complicity in genocide, 72

Third Reich, 68, 72

practices of, 68

Tito, Marshal Josip Broz, 27, 40, 123 n., 175, 198, 253–55, 258, 285, 300 n.

Toholsi, Mieoslav, 28

Trevelyvan, G.M.: quoted, 66, 76–77

Tudjman, Franjo, 16, 18, 109, 114, 117, 122 n., 165–66, 170–85, 255–56

participation in antifascist Partisan movement, 173

principle of self-determination, 16, 18, 285

Twain, Mark, 19

Typifications, 20

United Kingdom. See Britain

United Nations, 20, 48, 52, 73, 75, 88, 95, 102, 114, 117, 128–31, 261, 264–65, 267, 285–86, 288–89, 294, 298 n., 330

accused of corruption in Bosnia and Croatia, 21, 23–24

definition of genocide, adequacy of, 19–20

Charter of, 15, 30–31, 35 n., 134–38, 289, 322

Charter, Article 51 of, 15, 30–31, 322

Commission of Human Rights and Misha Milošević, 45, 60 n., 192

commission investigating war crimes, 48

documentation of Serbian war crimes, 15, 46

and genocide, 15, 129–31, 134, 141, 145–6, 147

in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 8

resolutions of, 23

sanctions, 113

United Nations Commission of Experts, 48, 51–53, 55 n.

United Nations Convention on Genocide, 60n.

Article 2, definition of genocide, 46

United Nations General Assembly: adoption of Article 2, 46

United Nations Protection Force. See UNPROFOR

United Nations Security Council, 60 n., 101, 128–30, 138–55, 159 n., 245, 286

adopts resolution banning weapons sales to Yugoslavia, 44

United States, 11, 44, 48, 93, 117, 118, 129–30, 134, 145–47, 150, 294, 302nn., 348n.

imposes arms embargo, 44

United States Congress: attributes war crimes to Serbs, 15

Commission of Security and Cooperation in Europe, 33 n. See also Dole-Lieberman bill

United States Department of State, 45, 97, 121–22n.

attributes war crimes to Serbs, 15

reports atrocities and war crimes in Former Yugoslavia to the UN, 46

UNPROFOR (United Nations Protection Force), 63 n., 88, 149–57, 160 n., 162 n., 291

Ustasha, 13, 18, 26, 36 n., 255

crimes of regime, 104–5

Vance-Owen plan, 261

Veil, Simone: quoted, 10

Verstehen: definition of, 15, 33 n.

Vietnam War, 30, 68

Vojvodina, 76

Serbian province of, 100

Serbs terminate autonomy, 40–41

von Ranke, Leopold (German historian): quoted, 2

Vukovar, 14

War crimes, 1–2, 4, 23, 111

crimes committed by Nazis, 6

Serbian, 4, 15–16, 18–19, 53. See also CIA; Helsinki Watch; United States Congress; United States Department of State

War criminals, 2, 4, 13

Western negotiations with indicted criminals, 23. See also Karadžić, Radovan; and MLADIĆ, General Ratko

Washington Post, 48, 58–59, 161 n., 345 n.

West, Rebecca, 252, 255

Western elites, 118

definition of, 3

agreement with Serbian views, 5

ambivalence of, toward Bosnian genocide, 5, 11

Western intellectuals, 4–5, 11, 15, 21, 79

change in the habits of, 5

Eurocentric response to Bosnian genocide, 10, 18, 19

failure to respond to genocide and rape, 19

guided by ambivalence, 22

response to European genocide, 8, 23, 26, 29–30

silence on genocide, 22

Western policy: rationalizations for lack of, in Balkans, 21

Western role in Balkan War: analysis of, 3

ambivalence of Western intellectuals, 4

comparison of Western intellectual response to the Holocaust and Bosnia, 8

silent witness, 3

view of war as Civil War, 67

ineffective response before air strikes, 1, 13

Wiesel, Elie, 9, 22, 68, 95–96, 323

World War I, 40, 69

World War II, 2–4, 6–7, 16, 18–19, 24–30, 36 n., 40, 49–50, 56, 67, 72, 91–92, 96–97, 104, 109, 114, 116–17, 122–23 n., 283, 290, 294

lesson of, 68

post-World War II era, 18

Yugoslav Communist Party See Communist Party, Yugoslav

Yugoslav Federation, 26

constitution of 1974 and violations of, 41–43

Yugoslav Federation Army. See Military Forces

Yugoslavhood, 174–76

Yugoslav National Army. See Military Forces

Zagreb, 52, 95, 289, 316

cluster bomb shelling, 14

Zametica, Jovan, 104, 123 n., 259, 278 nn.

Zelenbaba, Suzana, 50

Žepa, 17, 21

Zimmerman, Warren (U.S. ambassador to Yugoslavia), 22, 35 n., 165–72, 177–78