INDEX

Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.

abstraction, 4, 7–8, 34–35, 55, 82–83, 92–95, 100, 145, 169

Accursius, 150

actuality, 6, 15, 37–38, 44, 79–80, 84–86, 107, 123–26, 132, 152, 155, 158, 162–65, 169, 171–73, 185–86, 191–92, 209, 217, 221, 231n2, 234n71

actualization, 24–25, 37–38, 80, 172, 209

actus, 113, 216; purus, 184–85

adunamia, 208, 210, 216

African Americans, x, 105

Agamben, Giorgio, 106, 233n48

agora,19–20

Alcuin of York, 32

algorithm, 4

alienation effect, 31, 33, 35

Althusser, Louis, 39, 163–64, 174–75, 183

Ammirato, Scipione, 184

anarchy, 5, 87, 102, 112, 140, 144, 213–15, 219

Anselm, St., 23

antagonism, 22, 27, 64, 85, 89, 143, 206

antinomy, 72, 89

antistrephon, 72, 206, 208

appropriation, 70, 76, 212, 217–19

Aquinas, St. Thomas, 184–85

arcanum, 36, 91, 179

Arendt, Hannah, 26, 30, 93, 117, 153, 156, 173

aristocracy, 5, 51, 61

Aristotle, 2–3, 5, 15–16, 19–20, 22, 26, 43–90, 107, 109, 111–12, 117, 128, 136–37, 141, 148, 156, 159–61, 166, 169, 174, 177, 179–85, 188, 199–212, 216, 228n10, 228n13, 228n1, 230n5

assembly, 19, 83, 101, 103–4; categorial, 56, 66; constituent, 49, 172; logos as, 20, 113; thing as, 13, 20, 54, 113, 151

auctoritas, 176–77

Augustine, St., 13, 144, 176

autarchy, 56

authoritarianism, 19, 56, 88, 100

autoaffection, 73

autonomy, 19, 27, 71, 102, 113, 142, 184, 196, 205, 222

averageness, 21, 31–34, 66

Bacon, Francis, 36

Badiou, Alain, 37–38, 51, 117, 163

Bakunin, Mikhail, 56–57

Beck, Ulrich, 83

Benjamin, Walter, 167, 224

Big Data, 4, 6, 205

Bodin, Jean, 186–97

body politic, 57, 64, 81, 89, 109, 140, 147, 153, 155–56, 158–61, 165, 167

borders, 16–17, 31, 34–35, 56–58, 87, 129, 203–4, 221–22, 224, 226; categorial, 6, 21, 175, 189; of politics, xi, 25

Botero, Giovanni, 170, 184

Brazil, 107

Brennan, Jason, 98

Buber, Martin, 58

bureaucracy, 8, 81, 86, 94

Bush, George W., 87

calendar, 17, 65, 166

Canada, 65

capital, capitalism, x, 1, 40, 82, 92, 124, 156, 162–64, 173, 218–19; speculative, 69; transnational, 71

Castro, Fidel, 159–60

Catalonia, 120

Celan, Paul, xii

Charlemagne, 33

Chernobyl, 83

China, 46, 56

Cicero, 13, 144, 146, 232n11

citizen, 31, 68–69, 91, 105, 138, 143; equality of, 17, 31, 118, 142, 207; participation, 83

class, 11, 18, 45, 49, 118, 133, 147, 154, 160; classless society, 71

classification, 5, 17–23, 28, 45, 49, 61, 67, 175

Clement of Alexandria, 107–8

climate, 81–84

change, 83–84, 95

colonialism, 114–15, 133

commonwealth, 13, 68, 193

communism, 11, 37, 40, 142, 156, 173

community, 5, 8, 10–11, 17, 31, 39–40, 56–57, 97, 101–7, 120–22, 131–33, 141–43, 177, 183, 193, 221

complexity, xi, 33, 52, 87, 97

conatus essendi, 130, 170

concept, 1–8, 14–16, 21, 23, 28, 30–33, 47–48, 52, 55, 74, 82, 94–95, 100, 107, 110–2, 120, 128, 145, 153, 168, 175, 185–87, 190, 196, 219, 224; of the political, 11, 16, 24, 26–29, 89, 133

conjunctio, 215

consensus, 2, 54, 66, 122

conservativism, 10, 27, 38, 64, 73, 106, 118, 152, 155, 213, 223–25

constitution, 30, 40, 51, 85–86, 120, 172–73; mixed, 80; self-constitution, 184

constitutionality, 51

contract, 192–94; social, 47, 117, 143

contradiction, 12, 14, 22, 54, 98, 115, 151, 153, 162, 183, 225; overdetermined, 163–64; self-contradiction, 16, 38, 53

contrariety, 59, 62, 70, 87, 211

coordination, 102–5, 137, 193

correlation, 15, 71–78, 122, 141, 183, 206–8, 211

corruption, 107–9, 165

cosmopolitanism, 40, 48, 83, 132

critique, 149–50, 222, 232n21; of absolutism, 117; ideology-critique, 124, 147; of reason, 163, 181–82; self- critique, 149, 222; of sovereignty, 48–49; of the state, 136

culture, 4, 21, 25

deformalization, 35, 58, 119, 146

Deleuze, Gilles, 140

democracy, 4–5, 7, 17, 33, 50–53, 60–61, 65, 79–80, 85–88, 100, 127–29, 162, 229n9; direct, 43, 52; grassroots, 140; of knowledge, 98; parliamentary, 26, 56, 64, 99, 121, 210; radical, 117; representative, 6, 27, 43, 91, 127, 169

de Montaigne, Michel, 184

dependence, 8, 39, 101, 114, 141–43, 207, 211; interdependence, 101, 115

Derrida, Jacques, xii, 46, 64, 86, 109, 186, 191, 227n3

Descartes, René, 80, 228n8

despot, despotism, 56, 79–81, 84, 98, 145, 207

determinacy, 16, 84, 87–88, 119, 150, 169, 180

de Vitoria, Francisco, 48, 176

dialectics, 22, 26, 44, 58, 110, 141, 151, 163, 189, 206

dictatorship, 5, 21, 38, 79, 83, 87, 120–21, 173

digitalization, 83–84

disposition, 79–81, 83–84, 87, 169, 171, 180, 208–9, 212, 218

divine right of kings, 50, 99

dunamis, 208–10, 216

Duns Scotus, 195

ecology, 1, 67, 200

economicism, 7

economics, x, 17–18, 24–25, 69–70, 76, 80, 92, 108, 131, 133–34, 159–60, 212; trickle-down, 69

egalitarianism, 63, 104, 132, 199

Einstein, Albert, 182

electorate, the, 4, 10, 94, 98, 210

emancipation, 161, 207, 218

empire, 63, 80, 133, 144, 148

enemy, enmity, 15–16, 24–25, 31, 40, 67–68, 75, 89, 93, 104, 192, 202–3; absolute, 53, 57; existential, 16, 67; friend-enemy distinction, 10, 22, 25, 27–28, 53, 58, 70–71, 85, 102, 129, 210–1; nonenemy, 119

energeia, 16, 79, 228n10

England, 155

Enlightenment, the, 36, 80, 116–17, 177, 215, 218

Enneus, 13, 144

Epimetheus, 167

equality, 17, 45, 50, 56, 117–18, 142, 155, 165, 193; of incommensurables, 51, 60–61, 202; intraspecies, 199–201; of participation; 47; sovereign, 48

Erasmus, 146–47, 215

essence, 6, 93, 195–96

essentialism, 199

Europe, 9–10, 34, 66, 92, 178

European Union (EU), 17, 66

exception, 33–34, 70, 88, 117–18, 167, 178, 190–91; decision on, 29–30, 68, 188–99, 196–97; state of, 106, 150

exchange-value, 92, 133

experience, 21, 30, 32, 44–45, 62, 64, 77, 94, 99, 103, 106, 111–12, 114–15, 126, 161, 165–66, 211, 213–14, 217–19, 222–23; existential, 27; form of, 92–93, 95–96, 144, 220, 226; object of, 43, 95; of politics, 63, 66, 82, 92–93, 95–96, 98, 100, 133

expropriation, 12, 76

extremism, 65–66

fact, 20, 36–38; fact-checking, 9, 36

feudalism, 40, 177

Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 48

“Final solution,” xii

Finland, 9

Foucault, Michel, 35, 95, 68–70, 173–74, 182–83, 227n2

France, 30, 63, 108, 150, 165, 184

Frankfurt School, the, 218

free trade, 82

free will, 169, 171, 179

freedom, 73–76, 82, 103–5, 140, 155, 205, 208, 216; as actuality, 180, 209; of assembly, 92; of interpretation, 219; limited, 181; modern, 209

friendship, 24–25, 31, 67–68

general will, 63

generatio aequivoca, 111–12

geometry, 17, 56, 82, 88–89, 148, 224, 230n5

geopolitics, 17, 83

Germany, 27, 53, 154, 178; East, 79

globalism, 7, 10, 82–83, 95, 97, 177; antiglobalism, 7, 83

Gnosticism, 107–8

good, 55, 78, 84–85, 208–10, 229n15; life, 68; private, 68; universal, 5, 11, 47, 69, 78–79, 98, 159, 183

governance, 5, 7, 24, 50, 55, 73, 85–86, 88, 95, 121, 130, 214

Great Britain, 121

“Great Chain of Being,” the, 199

Greece, 17, 21, 138–39, 229n14

Grotius, Hugo, 48, 189, 234n82

Guicciardini, Francesco, 184

Guyer, Paul, 111

Habermas, Jürgen, 122

habit, 70, 79–80, 83, 86–88, 180, 209, 212

Hardt, Michael, 95, 186

Hegel, G. W. F., 6, 12, 15, 22, 26–27, 35–36, 39, 82, 84, 110, 114, 116, 135, 141, 147, 155, 164, 169–71, 179–80, 206, 217–18, 225, 231n2, 232nn18, 19

hegemony, 8, 26, 71, 97, 127, 154, 157

Heidegger, Martin, 3, 13, 16, 26, 64, 93, 126, 138–39, 148, 228n16, 229n3

Heraclitus, 13, 179

hierarchy, 18, 21–22, 45, 63, 101, 110, 131–32, 142, 154, 200–1

Hobbes, Thomas, 48, 68, 88, 117, 135, 188–89, 191–97, 202, 231n1

homogeneity, 21, 82, 105, 126–27, 129, 153, 176, 178, 210

horde, 213–17, 219, 222, 225

horse, 44, 200–1

hulé, 19, 109

Husserl, Edmund, 19, 43, 70, 177

hylomorphism, 19, 94, 108, 145, 147, 229n14

Idea, 1–2, 23, 31, 35, 47, 51, 165, 231n2, 235n1

ideal types, 21, 49

identity, 7, 41, 45, 53–54, 122, 157, 206; of being and ordering; 19; of consciousness, 217–19; of legality and legitimacy, 50; of subject and predicate; 121; tautological, 28

ideology, ideological, ix, 1–2, 8, 31, 35–36, 40, 45–46, 68–69, 73, 78–79, 94, 99, 118, 120, 130, 140, 152–53, 174, 183, 216, 219; critique, xii, 24, 136, 147; hegemonic, 71, 97; neoliberal, 24

imperium, 145, 147–48, 151–52, 177, 215

independence, 52; declaration of, 65, 120; struggle for, 114–15

Innerarity, Daniel, 33, 98, 229n5

institutions, xi, 4, 11, 14, 16, 27, 30, 46, 49, 54, 64–65, 75, 91, 108, 119, 135, 138, 147–48, 153, 172, 193

International Relations (IR), xi, 47, 143, 186

interpellation, 20, 174–76

interpretation, 1, 26, 44–49, 52–53, 60, 112, 157, 161, 174, 187–88, 210, 219

Iran, 24

judgment, 45, 101, 116, 126, 182; absolutist, 121; affirmative, 118–19; apodictic, 123, 125; assertoric, 123–24, 126; axiological, 84, 146, 229n15; categorial, 120, 122; disjunctive, 102, 104, 120–22; hypothetic, 120–22; infinite, 118–19; modal, 123, 125; negative, 118–19; particular, 116, 118; problematic, 123–25; qualitative, 118–19; quantitative, 116; relational, 120, 122; singular, 116–17; universal, 116–17

Jünger, Ernst, 93

Justinian I, 144

Kant, Immanuel, x–xi, 2–3, 14–15, 18, 20, 22, 25–26, 28, 31–32, 34, 37–38, 40, 43–44, 48, 58, 62, 74, 83, 91–136, 139, 141–42, 148–51, 161–65, 169, 172, 179–83, 190, 193–94, 197, 199–200, 213–26, 228n13

Kantorowicz, Ernst, 179

katechon, 120–21, 167

Kautsky, Karl, 159–60

kosmos, 18, 168

Kukathas, Chandran, 124

Laclau, Ernesto, 32

leader, leadership, x, 10, 33, 81, 92, 120–21, 131

Lefort, Claude, 11, 51, 91

legality, 50, 59, 120, 190–91

legitimacy, 6, 13, 22, 39, 50–51, 59, 63, 79, 106, 116, 120, 128 ,145, 165–66, 172

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 46

Lenin, Vladimir, 125, 140, 153, 159, 164, 230n13, 231n6

Levinas, Emmanuel, 58–59, 229n12

lex parsimoniae, 2

liberalism, 51, 66, 81, 97, 118, 124, 205, 220

lifeworld, 63, 92

limit, limitation, 9, 31, 34–35, 38, 55, 62, 65, 95, 97, 128, 149, 151, 161, 177–81, 187–88, 204; common, 57, 202–3, 205; and determination, 16, 49–50; dialectic of, 189; and negation, 97, 162, 214, 221; of reason, x, 75, 115; of terms in office, 33; of sovereignty, 50; situation, 33, 190

Lipsius, Justus, 184

Livy, 144

lobbying, 91, 107

Locke, John, 155

logos, 13, 19–20, 33, 57–58, 93, 113, 203–5, 232n21

Louis XIV, 50, 117, 232n14

Macchiavelli, Niccolò, 38–39, 100, 170, 184

Macron, Emmanuel, 150

Maduro, Nicolas, 172

majority, 33, 52–53, 61, 86, 142; absolute, 6–7, 60; calculus of, 6–7; relative, 6, 60; rule, 5, 51, 53; silent, 172

Malta, 107

manifold, the, 2, 94–98, 103–4, 215–18, 221, 224–26

Marsilius of Padua, 171

Marx, Karl, 39–40, 133, 143, 147, 156, 169, 182

Marxism, xii, 92, 115, 162

masses, the, 56, 73, 142, 161, 213–17, 220

materialism, 162–63; antimaterialism, 108; dialectical, 230n8; historical, 162–63

materiality, 81, 108, 113, 165, 229n14

mathematics, 6, 24, 66, 160, 195, 204

metamorphosis, 64, 109, 161

metaphysics, 2–4, 28, 33, 46, 48, 99–100, 107, 109–10, 138, 142, 147, 179, 182, 184–86, 189, 196, 215; history of, 11, 35; metaphysica generalis, 23; metaphysica specialis, 23; of presence, 57; postmetaphysics, 4

methexis, 47

method, ix, xi, 38, 136, 144, 173

Mexico, 34

micropolitics, xi, 35, 95–96

middle, 89, 177–78, 223; excluded, 39, 66; place, 62, 65–66

militarism, 150

mobilization, 10, 155; of categories, 14

modality, xi, 3, 6, 8–10, 25, 30–31, 37–38, 40, 86, 101, 105–7, 111, 115, 123, 125–26, 132–33, 136–37, 139, 162, 164–65, 187–88, 191, 214, 221, 234n71

modernity, 7–8, 11, 17, 31, 36, 84, 100, 121, 128, 145, 177–78, 208, 229n14

modes of production, 39, 133

monarchy, 51–52, 60–61, 63, 80, 86–88, 179, 188, 229n9; absolutist, 21, 50, 127, 232n14; constitutional, 22, 121; universal, 48

Montesquieu, 56, 81, 84, 180, 184, 192, 229n9

More, Thomas, 146

morphé, 19

movement, 30, 40, 45, 49, 64, 71–72, 79, 85, 146, 155–56, 160–61, 167, 218, 232n17; categorial, 22, 27, 179, 184; environmental, 7; phenomenological, 19; protest, 83, 140

multiculturalism, 82, 218

multitude, 63, 94–96, 138

nation, 1, 17, 78, 155, 231n9

nation-state, 34, 40, 63, 133, 138, 177–78

nationalism, 8, 98

necessity, xi, 6, 8–10, 14–16, 21, 25, 37–38, 106–7, 123–26, 132, 139–41, 152, 162–65, 170, 191–92, 214, 216–17, 234n71

negation, 8, 32, 38, 80, 89, 97, 115, 119–21, 128–29, 149–51, 154, 162, 169, 202, 211, 214, 220–21; of the political, 28, 180, 190; self-negation, 22, 179

Negri, Antonio, 95, 173, 186

neoliberalism, x, 8, 10, 24, 66, 69, 82, 220

neutrality, xi, 10, 15, 18, 20, 26, 33, 60–61, 66, 87, 112, 139, 150, 222

neutralization, 6, 10, 27, 59, 105, 119, 128, 146, 203

Newton, Isaac, 62, 128, 182

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 81, 181

nihilism, 91, 200

nominalism, 21

nomos, 21, 84, 89, 148

norm, 20–21, 65, 106, 124, 195, 197

normativity, xi, 21, 94, 98, 122–23, 135, 196

North Korea, 79, 118–19

number, 3–7, 9, 11, 22, 55–56, 58, 60–62, 126–28, 160, 187, 195, 203–5

O’Neil, Cathy, 4

obedience, 9, 14, 73–74

Occam’s razor, 2

opposition, 6, 31, 53, 60, 66, 70, 85–86, 128, 139–41, 146, 205–7, 211

oppressed, the, 115, 158–59, 161

order, 18–22, 54, 73, 80, 88, 102–3, 106, 131–32, 147, 157, 204; as ordering, 18–20, 96, 151, 204; legal, 190–91; multipolar international, 51; objective, 157, 204, 208; of things, 103, 183; world-order, 8, 10, 62, 168

Orwell, George, 118

ousia, 26, 44–61, 67–68, 71, 77–78, 112, 117, 143, 145–46, 156–57, 159, 169, 171, 174–75, 186–88, 195, 199–202, 207–8, 229n3

Parmenides, 8

parochialism, 7–8, 82, 137, 177

party, 53, 63, 69–70, 140, 165, 201

pathos, 16, 21, 109, 210

passivity, 14, 40, 74, 84, 109, 113, 169, 172–73, 184–85, 206, 210, 225

“Patriot Act,” the, 142

peace, 46, 50–51, 58, 83, 89, 117, 144, 150, 190, 192–93, 199, 202–4, 211, 222, 224

people, the, 32–33, 63, 99, 114, 178, 191, 193, 229n9

Pettit, Philip, 124

phenomenology, xi, 3, 17, 19, 26, 30–33, 36, 43, 50, 58, 61, 63–66, 66, 70, 73, 92, 128, 133, 136–38, 140, 144–45, 157, 176–77, 219

planetary politics, 82–84, 132

Plato, 4–5, 35–36, 39, 55, 68, 98, 158, 168, 189, 214, 227n2

Plotinus, 3

pluralism, xi, 57, 213, 219–21, 225

polarization, 7, 40, 53, 62, 66, 129, 140

polis, 5, 63, 133, 138–39, 153, 158, 183, 231n4

polos, 138–39

politicization, 13, 22, 24, 27–28, 33, 41, 67, 75–77, 86–87, 116, 120, 122–23, 125–26, 129, 144, 152, 161, 179, 183–84, 186, 204, 207; classificatory, 18; depoliticization, 27–28, 41, 59, 86, 96, 112, 119–20, 122, 129, 203, 211; of numbers, 6

populism, 32–33

populus, 30, 33, 147, 215

Portugal, 17, 121

positionality, 71–78, 136–37, 115–17, 155, 157, 159, 204

possibility, 8–10, 15–16, 21, 23, 25, 31, 34, 40, 51, 83, 86, 101, 123–26, 139, 144, 152, 158, 169–73, 192, 202, 208–9, 216–21; conditions of, 3, 58, 92, 111, 113, 132, 156, 188, 225; of politicization, 24, 139–40; of possibility, 14, 112; revolutionary, 162–67; schema of, 132–34, 191; transcendental, 105; truth of, 37–38; unrealizable, 30, 124–25

potentia, 169–71, 173, 177, 184; absoluta, 169; activa et passiva, 169; extraordinaria, 169; ordinata, 169; privata, 179; publica, 179

potestas, 169–71, 173, 176–77; Dei, 169; disciplinae, 169; ecclesiae, 169; gobernandi, 169; iudicandi, 169; ministerium, 169; spiritualis, 176; temporalis, 176

power, 2, 5–6, 9, 14, 24, 35, 39, 57, 63, 71, 73, 81, 91, 95, 97, 100, 117, 128, 145, 154–56, 162, 168–88, 194–96, 214, 216, 219, 222, 229n13, 232n9, 234n82; absolute, 88, 180, 186, 188, 191–92; active, 184–85; centralized, 178; constituent, 172–73, 185; constituted, 172, 185; division of, 33, 47, 65, 85, 104, 176, 180, 233n48; vs. force, 179; passive, 184–85; pastoral, 174, 182–83; powerlessness, 158, 169, 172, 208–10, 216, 225; supreme, 186, 216; techniques of, 174; will-to-power, 181

pragmatism, 14, 85, 124

predication, 19–20, 43, 49–50, 52, 59, 112, 116–18, 120–22, 125, 133, 217

prince, the, 5, 38–39, 147, 171, 176, 184, 191–92, 194, 215

privatization, x, 177

“problem of the one and the many,” 4–5

proceduralism, 5, 25, 60, 145, 186

progressivism, 9–10, 36, 65, 152, 213, 225

proletariat, 39, 125, 159–60

Prometheus, 167

property, xii, 12–13, 61, 69, 117, 168, 212, 218

Protestantism, 177

psychology, 4, 154, 158

purges, 108, 165

Putin, Vladimir, 63

pyropolitics, 81, 89, 158

quality, xi, 4–6, 8, 14–16, 22, 25, 27, 31–32, 34–35, 53, 58, 61, 71, 78–90, 97, 106, 115, 118–19, 128–29, 146–52, 159–62, 169, 180–81, 189–90, 201, 208–10, 221, 229n15, 230n5, 232n19

quantification, 4, 8, 83, 105, 182, 187, 204; “seductions of,” 5, 227n4

quantity, xi, 3–6, 8, 10–11, 16, 22, 24–25, 27, 34, 55–62, 79, 85–86, 94, 101, 103–5, 116–17, 127–29, 132–33, 148, 151–52, 161, 181, 194–97, 205, 210, 212, 220, 229n14; continuous, 56, 58, 79, 148–49, 159–60, 166, 177, 181, 188, 203–5; discrete, 56–57, 79, 148, 160, 167, 202–3, 205

quantum mechanics, 62

raison détat, 150, 184

Rancière, Jacques, 11, 51, 69, 117, 122

rankings, 4

rational choice 94, 135

rationality, x, 7, 14, 23, 108; scientific, 3, 8, 92

ratio status, 150–51

Rawls, John, 122, 124

reactionary, 7, 131

realism, 14, 38, 66, 124

realitas, 13

reality, xi, 1, 9, 15, 32, 37–38, 52, 59, 93–94, 97, 100, 103, 119, 123, 126, 129–30, 149–51, 161–62, 165, 180, 188–90, 202, 214, 220–21

Realpolitik, 14

reason, x, 110–15, 135, 149–50, 163, 184, 222; political, xi, 182, 184; practical, x, 74; pure, 15, 20, 103, 112–13; theoretical, x; universal, 7

reciprocity, 39, 102–3, 114, 120, 131–32, 141–43, 165, 192–93, 214, 221

recognition, 39, 59, 69, 73, 160, 182, 225–26

Redi, Francesco, 111

reduction, 186–87; categorial, 3, 7, 11, 14, 16, 219

regime, 5–7, 12, 16, 33, 40, 50–53, 56, 60–61, 78–79, 85–89, 120–22, 127, 130, 155, 157, 166, 172, 229n15; absolutist, 114; democratic, 52, 99, 162; elemental, 81; totalitarian, 2

relativity theory, 64, 182

Rendueles, César, 83

Republicanism, 8–17, 56, 114, 133, 144, 170, 232n10

resistance, 16, 46, 83, 85, 92, 97, 107, 185

res publica, 12–17, 21–24, 30, 32–34, 36, 38, 40–41, 48, 51, 55, 59, 63–64, 66, 76–77, 95, 100, 113, 120, 126, 128, 133, 144, 150–51, 179, 203, 221, 232n10; totius orbis, 48

revolt, 6, 8, 73, 154, 156, 159, 162, 166

revolution, 30, 40, 49, 54, 63–65, 71, 81, 89, 100, 115, 117, 124–25, 131, 144, 152–68, 172, 223–24, 230n13, 231n6, 232n22; Conservative, 154; Cultural, 46; French, 30, 82, 154–55; Glorious, 155; October, 163; permanent, 156–57, 165, 168; Russian, 231; and Terror, 108, 155, 165

Richelieu, Cardinal, 184

Robespierre, Maximilien, 108, 155, 165

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 117, 208, 234n71

ruled, 39, 55, 57, 59, 67, 73, 114, 130, 145, 214, 222, 232n9

ruler, 22, 39, 56–57, 59, 61, 73, 114, 127, 130, 144–45, 189, 191, 207, 214–15, 231n9

Russia, 57, 153, 164, 166

Ryazanov, David, 156–58

Safran Foer, Jonathan, 1

Salazar, António de Oliveira, 121

Samuel, prophet, 32

Saramago, José, 16

Saudi Arabia, 24, 65

schema, 191

schematism, 88, 101, 116, 126–34, 162–63, 172, 222

Schengen Area, 34

Schmitt, Carl, 10, 17, 21–22, 23–30, 36, 38, 58, 68, 71, 85, 88, 93, 95, 100, 122, 137, 139, 169, 173, 179, 188–91, 195–97, 211, 216, 229n13, 231n1

Schürmann, Reiner, 154

secular, secularization, 29, 63, 179

self-consciousness, 15, 39, 175, 206, 217

self-interest, 161

simplicity, 1–2, 4–5, 33, 52, 164, 227n4

singularity, xii–xiii, 7, 18, 20–21, 26, 44, 46–50, 52, 62–63, 74, 78, 116–18, 160, 163, 171, 174–75, 182, 187, 195–97, 200–2

slave, slavery, 26, 133, 206–8

Socrates, 19–20, 98

solidarity, 78, 82, 104, 205, 210, 219–20

sovereignty, 1, 7, 29, 47–50, 99, 106, 117–19, 129, 131–32, 149, 171, 185–97, 213, 218, 230n5, 231n1, 234n71; absolute, 88, 142, 187, 189, 192, 194–95; and decision, 33, 88, 190; cognitive, 1, 186, 215–16, 218, 223, 225; marks of, 190; perpetual, 187–88; popular; 186; punctual, 189; and “true gift,” 191; unconditional, 189–91

Soviet Union, 24, 154, 165–66

space, xii, 3, 8, 16–17, 22, 47, 54, 56, 58–59, 62–66, 82–84, 126, 165–66, 176–82, 186, 201, 203–5, 228n14

Spain, 120, 178

Spinoza, Baruch, 3, 130, 170, 184–85, 224

stability, 72, 81, 137, 139, 143, 146, 155, 167, 172, 185

Stalin, Joseph, 154, 165

stasis, 72, 136–37, 139, 141, 143, 146, 149, 153–56, 159, 161, 167–68, 172, 179

state, x, 13, 24, 29–30, 34, 40, 50, 56, 64, 71–72, 78, 81, 88–89, 100, 117, 121, 135–56, 161–64, 167, 170, 182, 186, 195, 203, 231n1; administrative, 140, 145; apparatuses, 46, 83; of emergency, 106, 150; of exception, 106, 150; form, 71, 144–45, 151, 174; governmental, 148; nation-state, 34, 40, 63, 133, 138, 177–78; of nature, 48, 117; statelessness, 138; territorial, 148; world-state, 48

strife, 16, 54, 144; civil, 153

subordination, 73, 101–5, 182–83, 193–94, 205, 214

substance, 3, 5, 11, 20–21, 25–28, 32, 40, 44–46, 54, 93, 114, 120, 129–33, 137–38, 141, 143–46, 156–57, 161, 169–70, 223–24, 231n2

Sulla, 173

synecdoche, 39, 69, 155

synthesis, 82, 96–105, 107, 113, 128, 132, 151–52, 191–92, 194, 214, 220; figurative (synthesis speciose), 97–100, 135, 230n5; of imagination, 34, 104, 112, 135; intellectual (synthesis intellectualis), 97–100, 128, 213; of intuitions (aesthetic), 94

tautology, 13, 28, 70, 72–75, 208

technocracy, 25, 59, 131, 140, 231n6

teleology, 78–79

territory, 31, 34, 56–57, 148–50, 177–78, 180, 203–4, 232n9

terrorism, 7, 106

Thatcher, Margaret, 10–11

theology, 25, 29–30, 32, 63, 88, 99, 107, 120, 152, 160, 169, 176, 179, 184–85, 224

thisness, 20, 45–46, 49–50, 196

thumos, 158

Tillerson, Rex, 118–19

time, xii–xiii, 14, 46, 54, 56, 62–66, 77, 116, 126–32, 162–68, 176–77, 179, 187–89, 191–92, 205, 223–24; of democracy, 17, 128; empty, 128, 130, 132; revolutionary, 63, 152, 167; synapses, 203–4; time-consciousness, 166–67, 176–77

totalitarianism, 2, 57, 78, 97, 143, 156, 205, 220

totalization, 49, 96, 205, 219

transcendental, 3, 18, 104–9, 113, 115, 135, 150, 163, 200, 230n8; aesthetic, 62, 126–27, 166; analytic, 102, 111, 127, 213–26; conservatism, 223–24; idealism, 223; illusion, 50, 152; laws, 103; logic, 118; philosophy, 101, 110; project, 94, 112, 225; purity, x–xi, 111–12; quasi-transcendental, 109; unity of apperception, 103, 219

Trotsky, Leon, 154, 156–57, 165

Trudeau, Justin, 66

Trump, Donald, ix–x, 24, 35

truth, 9, 77, 115, 163; categorial, 35–41; effectual, 38–40, 46; tumult; 33, 54, 72, 136–38, 154

United States, ix, 10, 24, 34, 66, 91–92, 105, 107, 142

universal, xii, 11, 16, 20, 26, 47, 51, 70, 78, 82, 116–18, 131, 154, 160, 177–78, 195, 200, 202; concrete, 7; false, 147; good, 5, 69; indifferent, 6–7; monarchy, 48; singular, xiii, 49–50, 82, 160

Unum transcendens, 195–96

Venezuela, 172

virtù, 170

Voltaire, 178

Wannsee Conference, xii

war, 15, 48, 53, 58, 65, 88, 91, 93, 98, 138, 149–50, 190, 204, 211, 222, 224, 231n1; of all against all, 202; civil, 136–37, 222, 225; Cold War, the 59; threat of, 47, 50, 203; World (I), 154

Washington Consensus, 66

Weltrepublik, 48

Whitehead, Alfred North, 3

William III, 155

Wood, Allen, 111

Zedong, Mao, 58

Žižek, Slavoj, 124, 228n27, 230n8