Notes

Chapter I

1.       William F. Cissel, “Alexander Hamilton: The West Indian ‘Founding Father’,” July 2004, pp. 1–6, Christiansted National Historic Park, National Park Service, Christiansted, St. Croix; Ron Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, (New York: Penguin Books, 2004), pp. 8–28; John Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, The Rivalry That Forged a Nation, (New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2013), pp. 10–11; Lawrence S. Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, Ambivalent Anglophile, (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 2002), pp. 2–3; Jack Rakove, Revolutionaries, (New York: Mariner Books, 2010), pp. 401–402; Milton Lomask, Odd Destiny, A Life of Alexander Hamilton, (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1969), pp. 3–4, 6, 7; John C. Miller, Alexander Hamilton, Portrait in Paradox, (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1959), pp. 3–4; John F. Roche, Alexander Hamilton, Illustrious Americans, (Morristown: Silver Burdett Company, 1967), pp. 9–10; Willard Sterne Randall, Alexander Hamilton, (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 2003), pp. 17–18; Iain Zaczek, The Book of Scottish Clans, (London: Cico Books, 2001), p. 53; A. J. Langguth, Patriots, The Men Who Started the American Revolution, (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988), p. 124.

2.       Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 20; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 17, 20–21; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 10–11; Joyce Gordon, Nevis, Queen of the Caribbean, (New York: MacMillan Publishers, Ltd., 1990), pp. 12–15, 28–29, 43; Photograph, “Birthplace of Hamilton, Island of Nevis, B.W.I,” Keystone View Company, Author’s Collection; Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 3–4, 6; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 3–4.

3.       Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 10–11; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 3; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 10–13, 16–17, 19, 139; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 20; Langguth, Patriots, p. 124; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 4; Rakove, Revolutionaries, pp. 401–402; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 7; Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 4, 7.

4.       Gordon, Nevis, pp. 1–43; Brian, St. Kitts, Cradle of the Caribbean, (New York: MacMillan Publishers, Ltd., 1989), pp. 1–13; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 4, 7, 11–12, 16–17, 21; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 10–11; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 4; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 4; Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 401.

5.       Gordon, Nevis, pp. 4–5, 22–25; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 4, 6, 8, 19, 23; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 8; Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 5–6.

6.       Cissel, “Alexander Hamilton: The West Indian ‘Founding Father’,” p. 6, NPS; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 7, 9–10, 16–17, 19, 22–24; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 14; Mary-Jo Kline, editor, Alexander Hamilton, A Biography in His Own Words, volume 1, (New York: Newsweek, 1973), p.15; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 8; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 3–5; Fodor’s U.S. & British Virgin Islands, (New York: Random House, 2010), pp. 135–139; Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 401; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 20–21; Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 3–4, 7; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 20; Langguth, Patriots, p. 124; Andrew Jackson O’Shaughnessy, An Empire Divided, The American Revolution and the British Caribbean, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000), pp. 213–216.

7.       Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 24–26; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 15; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 21–22; National Park Service Brochure, Christiansted, Alexander Hamilton’s Christiansted, Christiansted National Historic Site, National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 7; Eric Burns, Virtue, Valor, & Vanity, the Founding Fathers and the Pursuit of Fame, (New York: Arcade Publishing, 2007), p. 46; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 10–12, 16–22; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 7, 9.

8.       Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 61; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 29–31; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 5.

9.       Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 27; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 4.

10.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 30–31, 33–38; Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 402; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 7; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 3–5; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 15, 17–23, 34–35; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 7, 20, 26–31, 33; Arthur Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, The 32 Aides-de-Camp Who Helped Win American Independence, (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003), p. 109.

11.     Theodore Roosevelt, New York, (Delray Beach: Levenger Press, 2004), pp. 91–93; Ferling, Jefferson and Washington, pp. 10–11, 36; Francis Mulraney, “Hercules Mulligan—the Irish-born tailor and spy who saved Washington twice,” IrishCentral, July 20, 2016; Rakove, Revolutionaries, pp. 401–402; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 12–13, 34–51, 55–56; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 15–16, 25–26; National Park Service Brochure, Christiansted: Alexander Hamilton’s Christiansted, Christiansted National Historical Site, National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior; Miller, Hamilton, pp. 3, 5, 7–14; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 38; Mark Mayo Boatner, III, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, (New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1966), p. 477; Marcia L. Barnes, “The Son of Liberty from Islay,” The Glasgow Islay Association, Glasgow, Scotland; Paul Martin, “He saved George Washington’s Life … twice!,” FoxNews.com, July 4, 2002; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 6–23, 34–37, 40–44, 46–47, 49–50, 65, 67, 77–79; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 24–31.

12.     Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 93–94.

13.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 30–31; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 23.

14.     Mary-Jo Kline, Alexander Hamilton, p. 15; Martin, “He saved George Washington’s Life … twice!,” FoxNews.com, July 4, 2002; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 106.

15.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 49, 57–61, 63–64, 66–67, 70–72; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 36–40; David Silbey, “Alexander Hamilton, Soldier,” Military History Quarterly, (Spring 2017), p. 40; Justin Rohrlich, “Secrets of Alexander Hamilton’s Powder Horn Revealed,” Minyanville Media, Inc., June 10, 2010; Phillip Thomas Tucker, How the Irish Won the American Revolution, A New Look at the Forgotten Heroes of America’s War of Independence, (New York: Skyhorse Publishers, 2015), pp. 205–207; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 56–58; Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 402; Shawn Marsh, “Powder horn that’s believed to have been owned by Alexander Hamilton goes up for Auction,” Associated Press, January 11, 2016; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 46–47, 79, 81, 87, 97–99; Alfred Hoyt Bill, The Campaign of Princeton 1776–1777, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975), p. 50; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 20; Martin, “He saved George Washington’s Life … twice!,” FoxNews.com, July 4, 2002; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 24–30, 40–41, 69–70.

16.     Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 71; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 44–45, 58–61, 72; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 38–40; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 21, 23–24; Silbey, “Alexander Hamilton, Soldier,” MHQ, p. 40; David R. Petriello, Bacteria and Bayonets, The Impact of Disease in American Military History, (Philadelphia: Casemate, 2016), p. 98.

17.     Burns, Virtue, Valor, & Vanity, p. 63; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 99.

18.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 63, 72; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 71; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 20; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 99.

19.     Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 58; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 72–73; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 20; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 24; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 95.

20.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 73; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 99, 108; Martin, “He saved George Washington’s Life …. twice!,” FoxNews.com, July 43, 2002; Michael C. Harris, Brandywine, A Military History of the Battle that Lost Philadelphia but Saved America, (El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2016), p. 49; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 20.

21.     Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 20; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 73; Silbey, “Alexander Hamilton, Soldier,” MHQ, p. 40; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 49; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 99, 106.

22.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 49.

23.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 73; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 37–38; Silbey, “Alexander Hamilton,” MHQ, p. 40; Kline, ed, Alexander Hamilton, p. 43; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 106

24.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 73–74; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 108–109.

25.     Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 71; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 49.

26.     Nathaniel Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and the Fate of the American Revolution, (New York: Viking, 2016), pp. 9–13, 19; Joseph J. Ellis, Revolutionary Summer, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013), pp. 78, 84, 114–118; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 73; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 62; Thomas Fleming, Liberty!, The American Revolution, (New York: Viking, 1997), pp. 181–182, 186–189, 194; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 74–80; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 108, 110.

27.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 74–80; Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 25, 27, 29; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 557–576; Roosevelt, New York, pp. 108–109; Ellis, Revolutionary Summer, pp. 148–149; Fleming, Liberty!, pp. 198–202.

28.     Roosevelt, New York, pp. 108–109.

29.     Robert Leckie, George Washington’s War, The Saga of the American Revolution, (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992), pp. 285–286; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 80–82; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 75; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 62–63; Ellis, Revolutionary Summer, p. 152; Charles Bracelen Flood, Rise, And Fight Again, Perilous Times Along the Road to Independence, (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1976), pp. 86–90; Benson John Lossing, Pictorial Field-book of the Revolution, (New York: Harper Brothers, 1850) vol. 1, p. 616; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 111–112; Gregory T. Edgar, Campaign of 1776, The Road to Trenton, (Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 2008), pp. 232–237; Fleming, Liberty!, pp. 202–209.

30.     Fleming, Liberty!, pp. 209–210.

31.     Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 77–78; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 83–84; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 113–114; John F. Roche, Alexander Hamilton, (Morristown, NJ: Silver Burdett Company, 1967), p. 130; Bill, The Campaign of Princeton, p. 50; Steven M. Richman, The Bridges of New Jersey, Portraits of Garden State Crossings, (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005), p. 35.

32.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 104.

33.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 115.

34.     Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 8; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 61, 83; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 37–38, 61.

35.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 61, 83–84; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 37–38, 63; Bruce Chadwick, George Washington’s War, The Forging of a Revolutionary Leader and the American Presidency, (Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, Inc., 2005), p. 10; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 113–115; Phillip Thomas Tucker, George Washington’s Surprise Attack, A New Look at the Battle that Decided the Fate of America, (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2014), pp. 1–3; W. W. H. Davis, “Washington on the West Bank of the Delaware, 1776,” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 4, no. 2, (1880), p. 146.

36.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 84; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 37–38; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 3–7, 21; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 27, 116; Tucker, George Washington’s Surprise Attack, pp.1–56.

37.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 114; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 17; Ferling, Jefferson and Washington, pp. 37–38.

38.     Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 18; Tucker, George Washington’s Surprise Attack, pp. 56–311; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 117.

39.     Tucker, George Washington’s Surprise Attack, pp. 352–500.

40.     O’Shaughnessy, An Empire Divided, pp. 213–216; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 84.

41.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 84–85; Benjamin Tallmadge and F. A. Tallmadge, Memoir of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, (New York: Thomas Holman Printer, 1858), p. 17; Bill, The Campaign of Princeton, pp. 112–113; Michael Williams Craig, General Edward Hand, Winter’s Doctor, (Lancaster, PA: Rock Ford Foundation, 1984), pp. 50–52; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 80–81; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 118; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 29; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 392–393; Leckie, George Washington’s War, p. 329.

42.     Leckie, George Washington’s War, p. 329; Bill, The Campaign of Princeton, p. 113; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 59–60, 118.

43.     Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 31; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 81; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 37–38, 63.

44.     Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, February 13, 1783, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library, New York, New York; Ferling, Jefferson and Washington, pp. 67–68.

45.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 64–68; Tallmadge and Tallmadge, Memoir of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, p. 18; Silbey, “Alexander Hamilton, Soldier,” MHQ, p. 42; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 114, 120; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 85; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 3–5, 21; Burns, Valor, Virtue, & Vanity, p. 46; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 26; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 96; Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 402; Mark Puls, Henry Knox, Visionary General of the American Revolution, (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2008), pp. 1–97; Alexander Rose, Washington’s Spies, The Story of America’s First Spy Ring, (New York: Bantam Books, 2007), p. 33; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 82; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensible Men, p. 107.

46.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 87; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 68; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 96; Boatner, The Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, p. 478; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 80–82.

47.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 402.

48.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 68; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 21; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensible Men, pp. 15, 107; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 121.

Chapter II

1.       Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, p. 103; Burns, Virtue, Valor, & Vanity, p. 46; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 26; Chadwick George Washington’s War, pp. 73–74; Morristown, New Jersey, Wikipedia; Alfred Hoyt Bill, Valley Forge, The Making of An Army, (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1952), p. 17; George F. Scheer and Hugh F. Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats, (New York: Mentor Books, 1959), p. 255; Harry M. Ward, Charles Scott and the ‘Spirit of ‘76’,” (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1988), p. 28; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensible Men, pp. 110–111.

2.       Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–69; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 74–78; Morristown, New Jersey, Wikipedia; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 10–13; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 86.

3.       Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 12–14, 17, 85; Kahn, Alexander Hamilton, p. 26; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–69; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 78, 132, 138–140; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 39; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensible Men, pp. 108, 111; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 119; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 17; Robert K. Wright, The Continental Army, (Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1983), p. 114.

4.       Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 4, 7; The Sacred Heart Review, Boston, MA, vol. 41, no. 6, (January 30, 1909); Scheer and Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats, pp. 254–255.

5.     The Sacred Heart Review, vol. 41, no. 6, (January 30,1909); Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 111.

6.       Scheer and Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats, p. 255; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensible Men, pp. 103–104.

7.       Scheer and Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats, p. 255.

8.       “LTC John Fitzgerald (–1799)–Find a Grave Memorial,” www.findagrave.com; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 132; Tucker, George Washington’s Surprise Attack, pp. 469, 474; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensible Men, pp. 15, 28, 34–35, 53, 62–64, 104–106; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 80; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 68; Scheer and Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats, p. 255; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 123; Donald A. Moran, “George Washington’s Military Family,” Liberty Tree Newsletter, (December 1998); Samuel Blachley Webb Papers, Yale University Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT; David Hackett Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 385.

9.       Michael Cecere, An Officer of Very Extraordinary Merit, Charles Porterfield and the American War for Independence, (Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 2004), pp. 30–31; Flood, Rise, and Fight Again, p. 85; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 126–127; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, pp. 207–208.

10.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, pp. 402–403; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 46; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 69; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 119.

11.     Harrison Clark, All Cloudless Glory, The Life of George Washington, From Youth to Yorktown, (Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 1995), p. 240; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–69; Moran, “George Washington’s Military Family,” LTN; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 89.

12.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, pp. 402–403; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–69.

13.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, pp. 402–403, p. 403; Gregory D. Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2000), p. 80; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 18.

14.     Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 241; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–69.

15.     Edward G. Lengel, editor, This Glorious Struggle, George Washington’s Revolutionary War Letters, (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2007), p. 35.

16.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88–91; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–69; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 3–5, 22, 67; Rod Gragg, By the Hand of Providence, (New York: Howard Books, 2011), p. 17; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensible Men, pp. 25, 109–111; Moran, “George Washington’s Military Family,” LTN.

17.     George Washington’s March 12, 1777 Smallpox Inoculation Orders, Morristown, New Jersey, George Washington’s Mount Vernon, Mount Vernon, Virginia; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 89–96, 132; Ellis, Revolutionary Summer, p. 85.

18.     Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 528; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 94; Scheer and Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats, p. 255; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 34–35.

19.     Moran, “George Washington’s Military Family,” LTN; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 99.

20.     Gragg, By the Hand of Providence, p. 17; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 30–31; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 132–135, 137–138; Philip J. Schwartz, editor, Slavery at the Home of George Washington, (Mount Vernon: Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association, 2001), p. 1.

21.     Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 26, 50; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 85–86; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 132–134, 137–138; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 49.

22.     Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 134–135, 137–138; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 86.

23.     Petriello, Bacteria and Bayonets, p. 104;Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 135, 137; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 26.

24.     Gragg, By the Hand of Providence, p. 17.

25.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 149,162; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 78–79, 134–135, 137–138, 143; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 32–35.

26.     Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 137–139; Stephen F. Knott, Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth, (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002), p. 225; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 86–89; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–69; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 96; Chief of Staff, Wikipedia; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 21–67.

27.     Chadwick George Washington’s War, p. 138; Paul Cartledge, Alexander the Great, (New York: Vintage Books, 2004), pp. 167–168; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 90–91; Thomas Fleming, Beat the Last Drum, The Siege of Yorktown 1781, (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1963), p. 68

28.     Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 137–140; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 88.

29.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88–90; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 138.

30.     Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 46.

31.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 90; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 80.

32.     Schachner, Aaron Burr, pp. 35, 39; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 67–69; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88–90; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. vii-257.

33.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 51, 89–90; Schachner, Aaron Burr, pp. 44–45; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–69; Miller, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 67.

34.     Alexander Hamilton to John Laurance, March 1–April 10, 1777, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Digital Edition, Editor, Harold C. Syrett, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Rotunda, 2011.

35.     Scheer and Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats, pp. 255–256.

36.     David A. Clary, Adopted Son, Washington, Lafayette, and the Friendship That Saved the Revolution, (New York: Bantam Books, 2008), pp. 3, 9, 106–107; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 138; Leckie, George Washington’s War, p. 343.

37.     Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 104–105; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 44, 61, 68–69. 73–74, 85–90; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 45–47; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 40–41.

38.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 37–38; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 46–47.

39.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 45–48.

40.     Ibid., pp. 47–48.

41.     Ibid.

42.     Ibid., pp. 47–48.

43.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 90–91; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 40–43.

44.     Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 131; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 90–91.

45.     Moran, “George Washington’s Military Family,” LTN; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 138; Lt. Col. Richard Kidder Meade, Valley Forge National Historical Park, Pennsylvania, Online Biography.

46.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 80; Lt. Col. Richard Kidder Meade, VFNHP, Online Biography; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 8–9.

47.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 92; Lt. Col. Richard Kidder Meade, VFNHP.

48.     Tench Tilghman, Memoir of Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman, Secretary And Aid to Appendix, Containing Revolutionary Journals and Letters, Hitherto Unpublished (1876), (Albany: J. Munsell, 1876), p. 114; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88–92; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–69; Caroline Cox, A Proper Sense of Honor, Service and Sacrifice in George Washington’s Army, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), p. 56; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–69; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 80; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 16, 95, 115.

49.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 73; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 34, 114.

50.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 71–72.

51.     Ibid; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 73, 80; Randall, AlexanderHamilton, pp. 15–23; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 12, 26, 88–93.

52.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 12–13, 88–91, 93; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 67–68; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 17–20, 38, 50, 77, 96; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 110, 115; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 7; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 3–5, 21–22; Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 403; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140;; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 26; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 123; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 83

53.     Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 27; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 87–93; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 21; Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 403; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 123; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140.

54.     Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 83; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 89.

55.     Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensible Men, pp. xviii, 12; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 119; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. vii-257.

56.     Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 139; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 45–48.

57.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 81; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 139.

58.     Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 29.

59.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 404; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 21–22; Cartledge, Alexander the Great, p. 137

60.     Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 40; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 113; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 90; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 51; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 128–129; Rakove, Revolutionaries, pp. 404–405.

61.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 129.

62.     Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 130; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 129.

63.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 73–74; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, pp. 294–296; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–139.

64.     63. Clark, All Cloudless Glory, pp. 294–297; Ellis, Revolutionary Summer, pp. 76–77; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 67.

65.     ”LTC John Fitzgerald (–1799)-Find a Grave Memorial,” www.findagrave.com; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 78, 132.

66.     Robert Hanson Harrison Biographical Sketch, Valley Forge, National Park Service, National Historic Park, Pennsylvania; “LTC John Fitzgerald (–1799)-Find A Grave Memorial,” www.findagrave.com; Peter Kumpa, “Robert Hanson Harrison: Lost Hero of the Revolutionary Era,” Baltimore Sun, December 31, 1990; Scheer and Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats, p. 255; Moran, “George Washington’s Military Family,” LTN; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 115.

67.     Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 111; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 69.

68.     Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 48; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 124.

69.     Moran, “George Washington’s Military Family,” LTN; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 69–70, 79–80; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 17; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 162; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 92–93; David Hancock, Oceans of Wine, Madiera and the Emergence of American Trade and Taste, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), pp. 289–290; Henry Wiencek, Master of the Mountain, Thomas Jefferson and His Slaves, (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 163.

70.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 122.

71.     Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 162.

72.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 70; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 82.

73.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 112; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 47, 162; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 70; Brendan Morrissey, Yorktown 1781, The World Turned Upside Down, (London: Osprey Books, 1997), pp. 52, 58.

74.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 70; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 48; John F. Roche, Alexander Hamilton, (Morristown: Silver Burdett Company, 1967), p. 145; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 165.

75.     Harrison Biographical Sketch, Valley Forge NPS; Marquis De Chastellux, Travels in North-America in the Years 1780–81–82, (New York 1828), p. 62.

76.     Tilghman, Memoir of Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman, pp. 8–9, 26, 28, 131–132; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 123; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 111; Moran, “George Washington’s Military Family,” LTN.

77.     Tilghman, Memoir of Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman, pp. 8–9, 133.

78.     Ibid., p. 28.

79.     John Laurens, The Army Correspondence of Colonel John Laurens in the Years 1777–8, (New York: Nabu Press, 2001), pp.145–146; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 8, 119–120; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 94–95.

80.     Laurens, The Army Correspondence of Colonel John Laurens in the Years 1777–8, p. 83.

81.     Ibid., p. 69; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 5.

82.     Burns, Virtue, Valor & Vanity, pp. 46–47; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 91; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 78; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 69; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p.67; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 10; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 26.

83.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 90–91; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 138; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 45–48.

84.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 37; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p.69; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 15–25, 40–41; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 85.

85.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 27.

86.     Ibid., p. 28.

87.     Ibid., p. 30.

88.     Ibid., pp. 43–44

89.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 69; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 138.

90.     Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 40–41; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 91.

91.     Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. vii-257; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–69; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 85–98; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 22; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140, 380.

92.     Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 140.

93.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 85–98; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 37–38, 68–70; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 127.

94.     Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 12; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 85–98; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–70; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 22; Burns, Virtue, Valor & Vanity, p. 47; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140, 380.

95.     Burns, Virtue, Valor & Vanity, p. 95; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 85–98; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140, 362–363, 380; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–70; Moran, “George Washington’s Military Family,” LTN.

96.     Chastellux, Travels in North-America in the Years 1780–81–82, pp. 171–172, note; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 21–22, 67.

97.     Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 2, p. 69; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 66, 87; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 79.

98.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 37–38; Burns, Virtue, Valor & Vanity, p. 47.

99.     Laurens, The Army Correspondence of Colonel John Laurens in the Years 1777–78, p. 59.

100.   Cox, A Proper Sense of Honor, pp. xv-xvi, 21–35; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 82.

101.   Burns, Virtue, Valor & Vanity, p. 32.

102.   Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 83.

103.   Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 45–46; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 55.

104.   James Thacher, Military Journal, During the American Revolutionary War, form 1775 to 1783, (Cranbury: The Scholar’s Bookshelf, 2005), p. 60; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. xii.

105.   Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. xii; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 46.

106.   Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 39.

107.   Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 85–97, 149; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–70; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 143.

Chapter III

1.       Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 85–97; Chadwick, Washington’s War, 138–140, 380; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 1, 25, 95, 101, 107–111, 114; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 68–70; Fleming, Beat the Last Drum, p. 68; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. vii-257; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. vii–257.

2.       Fleming, Beat the Last Drum, p. 68; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 85–97; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 69–71; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 120–124;; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 21–67; Chadwick George Washington’s War, p. 138–140, 380; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 227.

3.       Chris McNabb, editor, Armies of the Napoleonic Wars, (Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2009), pp. 38–42; Andrew Roberts, Napoleon, A Life, (New York: Penguin Books, 2014), p. 80; Scott Bowden and Bill Ward, Last Chance for Victory, Robert E. Lee and the Gettysburg Campaign, (New York: Da Capo Press, 2001), p. 24; Paul Strathern, Napoleon in Egypt, (New York: Bantam Books, 2007), p. 34.

4.       Telford Taylor, Sword and Swastika, Generals and Nazis in the Third Reich, (Chicago: Quadrangle Paperbacks, 1969), pp. 35–36; Cartledge, Alexander the Great, pp. 167–168; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 82.

5.       Strathern, Napoleon in Egypt, p. 34; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 88; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140; Roberts, Napoleon, p. 80.

6.       Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140.

7.       Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 21–40.

8.       Roberts, Napoleon, p. 80; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 46.

9.       Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 85–93; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 29–33.

10.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 37–38; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 61; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 51; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 77–79.

11.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 52–53.

12.     Alexander Hamilton to Major General Benjamin Lincoln, June 4, 1777, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Digital Edition, Editor, Harold C. Syrett, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Rotunda, 2011.

13.     Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 131.

14.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 128.

15.     Alexander Hamilton to Hugh Knox, The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, Digital Edition, Editor, Harold C. Syrett. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Rotunda, 2011.

16.     Ibid.

17.     Ibid; Tallmadge and Tallmadge, Memoir of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, p. 18; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 61; Harris, Brandywine, p. 48.

18.     Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 7, 116; Alexander Rose, Washington’s Spies, The Story of America’s First Spy Ring, (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), pp. 4–5, 33–34, 42–43, 67–280; “The Legacy of Hercules Mulligan,” Central Intelligence Agency, www.cia.gov; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 51; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, pp. 395–396; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 29; Rose, Washington’s Spies, pp. 16–17, 41–42; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 49; Tallmadge and Tallmadge, Memoir of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, pp. 5–19; Fleming, Beat the Last Drum, p. 68; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 207; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 121, 149; Brian Kilmeade and Don Yaeger, George Washington’s Secret Six, The Spy Ring That Saved the American Revolution, (New York: Sentinel, 2014), pp. 26, 148.

19.     Nathan Schachner, Aaron Burr, A Biography, (New York: A. S. Barnes and Company, Inc.,1961), pp. 52, 253–254; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 43, 90; Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 46, 49.

20.     Mulraney, “Hercules Mulligan,” IrishCentral, July 20, 2016; Rose, Washington’s Spies, pp. 224–226; Donald E. Markle, The Fox and the Hound, The Birth of American Spying, (New York: Fall River Press, 2014), p. 83.

21.     Bill, Valley Forge, p. 17; Kline, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 23–24; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 26; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 43; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 146–147; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 20; Gragg, By the Hand of Providence, p. 186; Wright, The Continental Army, p. 114; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 50, 54.

22.     Rose, Washington’s Spies, p. 191; Kilmeade and Yaeger, George Washington’s Secret Six, p. 124; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 121.

23.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 129–130.

24.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 20–26; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 130.

25.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 123–124; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 115.

26.     Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 28; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 43–44, 93; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 53–54; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 49–50, 55; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 63.

27.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 93–94; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 189–190.

28.     Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 131.

29.     Gerald H. Clarfield, Timothy Pickering and the American Republic, (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1980), pp. 3–43.

30.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 50–51, 55; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 133; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 49; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 116.

31.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 129.

32.     Ibid., p. 133; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 61; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 37–38.

33.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 51–52; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 40.

34.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 55.

35.     Ibid., pp. 50–51, 55; Tallmadge and Tallmadge, Memoir of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, p. 18; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 133.

36.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 55; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 114.

37.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 61; Tallmadge and Tallmadge, Memoir of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, pp. 19–20; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 114; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 55–56.

38.     Alexander Hamilton to Captain Francis Grice, May 30, 1777, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Digital Edition, Editor, Harold C. Syrett. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Rotunda, 2011; Tallmadge and Tallmadge, Memoir of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, p. 18.

39.     Alexander Hamilton to Hugh Knox, July 1, 1777, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Digital Edition, Editor, Harold C. Syrett, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Rotunda, 2011.

40.     Ibid; Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, p. 104; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 86–92; Rose, Washington’s Spies, pp. 191, 224–226; Mulraney, “Hercules Mulligan,” IrishCentral, July 20, 2016; “The Legend of Hercules Mulligan,” Central Intelligence Agency, June 30, 2016, internet.

41.     Ibid; Brendan Morrissey, Saratoga 1777, Turning point of a revolution, (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, ltd., 2000), pp. 7, 11; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 48, 61, 97; Tallmadge and Tallmadge, Memoir of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, pp. 18, 22; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 56–57; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 40; Arthur E. R. Boak and William G. Sinnigen, A History of Rome to A.D. 565, (New York: Macmillan Company, 1969), p. 117.

42.     Jean Edward Smith, John Marshall, Definer of a Nation, (New York: Henry Holt and Company, Inc., 1996), p. 55.

43.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 98; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 57; Richard M. Ketchum, Saratoga, Turning Point of America’s Revolutionary War, (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1997), pp. 64–88.

44.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 57.

45.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 97; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 57.

46.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 98; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 58; Smith, John Marshall, pp. 55–56; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 49; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 128, 133.

47.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 134; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 58.

48.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 61, 98; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 40; Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 45–49; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 37–38; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 133.

49.     Walter A. McDougall, Promised Land, Crusader State, (New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997), pp. 5, 10–20; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 17; Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 8, 10–12; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 34–35, 131–132,

50.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 6, 8–40, 73; Biographical Information about John Laurens, John Laurens Papers, South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 119, 123; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 6, 8, 23, 94–95.

51.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 79; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 94–95; Henry Savage, Jr., River of the Carolinas: The Santee, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968), pp. 100–106; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 119, 121–123.

52.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 98; Smith, John Marshall, pp. 56–57.

53.     Ibid., pp. 58–60; Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 136, 138–140; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 75; Fleming, Liberty!, pp. 263, 266; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 134; Don Higginbotham and Kenneth Nebenzahl, Atlas of the American Revolution, (New York: Rand McNally and Company, 1974), pp. 113–114; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 71; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 125.

54.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 98; Emory M. Thomas, Robert E. Lee, A Biography, (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1995), pp. 30–31, 288–293; Puls, Henry Knox, p. 106; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 134–135; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 22; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 58; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 50.

55.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 98; Puls, Henry Knox, p. 106; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 58–59; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 50.

56.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 58–59.

57.     Ibid., p. 59; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 98; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 71; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 135; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 96; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 50.

58.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 98–99; Thomas Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, The Hidden History of Valley Forge, (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), pp. 70–71; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 50; David Willis McCulloch, Wars of the Irish Kings, (New York: Crown Publishers, 2000), pp. 79–319.

59.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 59.

60.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 71; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 71–74; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 99; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 135; Fleming, Liberty!, p. 266; Lomask, Strange Destiny, pp. 50–51.

61.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 72; Jim Piecuch, editor, Cavalry of the American Revolution, (Yardley: Westholme Publishing, 2012), pp. 109–111; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 99–100; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 15–16, 74; Smith, John Marshall, p. 60; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 136, 140; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 85–86.

62.     Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 157–158; Puls, Henry Knox, pp. 106–107; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, p. 74.

63.     Puls, Henry Knox, pp. 107–108; Harris, Brandywine, p. 48; Smith, John Marshall, p. 60.

64.     Tallmadge and Tallmadge, Memoir of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, pp. 22–23; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 100; Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 158, 160; Smith, John Marshall, pp. 60–62; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 72; Puls, Henry Knox, pp. 107–108; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 76–77; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 136–137; Fleming, Liberty!, pp. 266–267; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 126–127.

65.     Tallmadge and Tallmadge, Memoir of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, pp. 22–23; Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, p. 160; Puls, Henry Knox, p. 108; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 126; Clarfield, Timothy Pickering and the American Republic, p. 45.

66.     Tallmadge and Tallmadge, Memoir of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, pp. 22–23; Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 160–161; Tilghman, Memoirs of Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman, pp. 127, 161; Smith, John Marshall, pp. 61–62.

67.     Tallmadge and Tallmadge, Memoir of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, pp. 22–23; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 51; Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 160–161; Fleming, Liberty!, p. 266.

68.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 99–100; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 120–122; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 69–70; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 72.

69.     Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 122.

70.     Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 27, 29; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 49.

71.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 130–131.

72.     Ibid., p. 234.

73.     Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, July 13, 1777, John Jay Papers, Columbia University Library, New York, New York; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 98.

74.     Douglas Southall Freeman, Washington, (New York: Touchstone Books, 1995), p. 347; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 100.

75.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 89–91, 97–98, 100; Fleming, Liberty!, pp. 237–262; Morrissey, Saratoga 1777, pp. 9–86.

76.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 79.

77.     Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 49.

78.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 100; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 59; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 72; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 140; Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 52–53

79.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 72; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 127; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 101; Lomask, Old Destiny, p. 52–53.

80.     Ibid., p. 140; George Washington to Horatio Gates, October 30, 1777, Horatio Gates Papers, New York Historical Society, New York, New York; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 52–53.

81.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 403; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 72–73; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, p. 116; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 101; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 208, 255; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 84; Noel F. Busch, Winter Quarters, George Washington and the Continental Army at Valley Forge, (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1975), p. 56; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 140–141; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 53; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 85.

82.     Busch, Winter Quarters, p. 56; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 101; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 86.

83.     Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 53; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 101; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 141.

84.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 59; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 102; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 53–54; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 144.

85.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 144; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 60.

86.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 72–73, 77; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 100, 102; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 60–61.

87.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 102; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 144.

88.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 101–102; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 88; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 77; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 29–30; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 144; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 53; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 24–25.

89.     Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 54; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 144–145.

90.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 89–91; Ferling, Jefferson and Washington, p. 77; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 26–28; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 148–149; Marcus Cunliffe, George Washington, Man and Monument, (New York: Mentor Book, 1958), p. 99.

91.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 103; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 54–55; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 145.

92.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 145.

93.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 102–103; Ferling Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 77; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 145.

94.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 102–103; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 145–146.

95.     Laurens, The Army Correspondence of Colonel John Laurens in the Years 1777–78, pp. 92–93; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 103–104; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 77; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 26; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 146.

96.     Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 208; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 104; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 146; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 53

97.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 101–104; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p.147.

98.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 147; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 101–103.

99.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 145.

100.   Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 55; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 103.

101.   Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 102–103; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 72–73, 77; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 143.

102.   Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 104; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 208.

103.   Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 104–107; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 77; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 139, 144–145, 148–149.

104.   Burn, Virtue, Valor & Vanity, p. 47; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 60–61; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 101–103, 109; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 77; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140; 208; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 149; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 49.

105.   Nancy Isenberg, Fallen Founder, The Life of Aaron Burr, (New York: Viking, 2007), pp. 41–42; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 147.

106.   Isenberg, Fallen Founder, pp. 41–42; Schachner, Aaron Burr, p. 45.

107.   Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 100–105; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 77; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 37; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 149; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 54.

108.   Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 90–106; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 148–149.

109.   Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 185–187; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 255–257; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 91, 100, 104–105, 107.

110.   Erna Risch, Quartermaster Support of the Army, A History of the Corps, 1775–1939, (Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1989), pp. 29–33; Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 185–187, 191; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 72; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 149; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 104–105, 107–108; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 2, 11–12, 14–15; Smith, John Marshall, p. 64; “Isaac Potts,” Historic Valley Forge, www.USHistory.com; Willard Sterne Randall, Benedict Arnold, Patriot and Traitor, (New York: Quill/William Morrow, 1990), pp. 402–406; Clarfield, Timothy Pickering and the American Republic, p. 42.

111.   Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 134, 136; Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 192–194; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 139, 144–145, 149; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 148–165; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 253–257.

112.   Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 191–192; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 74; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, p. 165; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 134.

113.   Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 109; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 175–178; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 150–151.

114.   Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, p. 178.

115.   Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p.151.

116.   Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 108–109; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 287; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 156–158; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 74.

117.   Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 191–192; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 61; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 157.

118.   Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 156–157; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 36; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 61.

119.   Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 192–193; Kline, ed. Alexander Hamilton, pp. 61–62; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 36.

120.   Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 61–62; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 106, 109.

121.   Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 191–192; Bill, Valley Forge, pp. 144–145.

122.   Busch, Winter Quarters, p. 145; Pierre-Étienne du Ponceau Biography Information, Pierre-Étienne du Ponceau Papers, 1781–1845, Special Collections, William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Virginia.

123.   Busch, Winter Quarters. p. 146.

124.   Ibid., pp. 146–147.

125.   Robert Hanson Harrison Biographical Sketch, NPS, Valley Forge NHP.

126.   Larrie D. Ferreiro, Brothers at Arms, American Independence and the Men of France and Spain Who Saved It, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016), pp.151-153; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 206–233; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 147; Busch, Winter Quarters, pp. 79, 83–84; Scheer and Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats, p. 353; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 109; Langguth, Patriots, p. 470; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 153–154; Taylor, Sword and Swastika, pp. 35–36.

127.   Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 155; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 148; Busch, Winter Quarters, pp. 79, 83–84.

128.   Leckie, George Washington’s War, p. 440; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 212, 217–222, 230–233; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 109–110; Busch, Winters Quarters, pp. 83–84; Smith, John Marshall, p. 65; Ferreiro, Brothers at Arms, p.153; Scheer and Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats, pp. 353–354; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 154–155; Langguth, Patriots, p. 470; Robert Middlekauff, The Glorious Cause, The American Revolution, 1763–1789, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 424; Fleming, George Washington’s Secret War, pp. 140–142, 285.

129.   Charles Royster, Light-Horse Harry Lee and the Legacy of the American Revolution, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), pp. 24–25.

Chapter IV

1.       Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 342.

2.       William C. Stinchcombe, The American Revolution and the French Alliance, (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1969), pp. 1–11; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 109, 112–113, 119–120; Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 7–9, 61; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 3; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, pp. 409, 505; Bill, Valley Forge, pp. 44, 145; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 8; Smith, John Marshall, p. 65; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 18, 154; Busch, Winter Quarters, p. 97.

3.       Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 38.

4.       Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 143.

5.       Ferreiro, Brothers at Arms, pp. xv–xxv; Isenberg, Fallen Founder, p. 45; Stacy Schiff, A Great Improvisation, Franklin, France, and the Birth of America, (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2005), pp. 164–167; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 119–120; Bevin Alexander, Sun Tzu at Gettysburg, Ancient Military Wisdom in the Modern World, (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2011), pp. 16–19; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 29, 37–39; Stinchcombe, The American Revolution and the French Alliance, pp. 1–11.

6.       Piers Mackesy, The War for America 1775–1783, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993), pp. 181–186; Alexander, Sun Tzu at Gettysburg, p. 18; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 119.

7.       Tilghman, Memoirs of Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman, p. 164.

8.       Ibid., pp. 168–169.

9.       Mackesy, The War for America 1775–1783, pp. 181–186.

10.     Laurens, The Army Correspondence of Colonel John Laurens in the Years 1777–8,p. 177.

11.     Tilghman, Memoirs of Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman, pp. 168–169.

12.     Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, p. 220; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, p. 307; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 145.

13.     Alexander Hamilton to Marquis de Barbe-Marbois, February 7, 1781, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library, New York, New York; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 61.

14.     Robert Hanson Harrison Biographical Sketch, NPS, Valley Forge, NHP; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 107, 109; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 62; Cecere, An Officer of Very Extraordinary Merit, pp. 30–31; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 127; Rose, Washington’s Spies, p. 33; Piers Mackesy, The War for America 1775–1783, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993), p. 34; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 166–167; Moran, “George Washington’s Military Family,” LTN; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 156.

15.     Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 156; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 98–99; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 62; Mackesy, The War for America, p. 34.

16.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 62–63.

17.     Ibid., p. 63.

18.     Ibid; Smith, John Marshall, p. 65.

19.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 109; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 161.

20.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 168.

21.     Ibid., p. 167

22.     Ibid., p. 168.

23.     Ibid., p. 169; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 73–74.

24.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 112–133; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 307–308.

25.     Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 308–309; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 98; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 170; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 204; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 162.

26.     Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 70; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 398; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, p. 310; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 49; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 171–172.

27.     Tilghman, Memoir of Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman, p. 171; Langguth, Patriots, p. 478; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 312–313; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 398; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 113; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 58; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 172; Mackesy, The War for America, p. 215.

28.     Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 401; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 58, 65.

29.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 58.

30.     Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 401; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 205.

31.     Clark, All Cloudless Glory, pp. 312–313; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 205; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 156–157.

32.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 113; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 66.

33.     Clark, All Cloudless Glory, pp. 398, 402; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 8; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 112; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 64; Busch, Winter Quarters, p. 98; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 163.

34.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 171–172; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 64.

35.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 64

36.     Ibid; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 164.

37.     Mackesy, The War for America, p. 215; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 164; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 113; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 29.

38.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 113; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 173.

39.     Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 163; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 113; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 64; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 173.

40.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 64; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 163; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 309–310

41.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 113; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 172.

42.     Bill, Valley Forge, p. 206; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 113; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 173; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 64; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 59

43.     Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 162; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 173.

44.     Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 164, 168; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 174.

45.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 174; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 164.

46.     Isenberg, Fallen Founder, pp. 3–4, 42, 45–46; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 84, 111, 113; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 235; Schachner, Aaron Burr, pp. 32–68; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 81.

47.     Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 402; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 208.

48.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 66.

49.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 113–116; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 174.

50.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 113–114, 140; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 76; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 403; Cecere, An Officer of Very Extraordinary Merit, pp. 101–102, 105; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 59; Bill, Valley Forge, pp. 212, 214–215, 217; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 66; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 314–317; Middlekauff, The Glorious Cause, pp. 430–433; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 30–31; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 168, 171–172.

51.     Bill, Valley Forge, p. 214; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 66; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 113; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 174; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 162.

52.     Leckie, George Washington’s War, p. 484; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 179; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 59.

53.     Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 31.

54.     Ibid., p. 31; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 114; Stephen F. Knott, Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth, (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002), pp. 1–2; Freeman, Washington, p. 399.

55.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 114–115; Freeman, Washington, pp. 398–399; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 140; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 316–320; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 66; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 403; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 175; Middlekauff, The Glorious Cause, pp. 430, 432–434.

56.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 66.

57.     Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 406.

58.     Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 103.

59.     Ibid; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 115; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 76–77; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 175; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 31; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 59; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 168, 171–172; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 175, 179.

60.     Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 31; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 80–85, 115; Puls, Henry Knox, p. 131; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 175, 179; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 219.

61.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 66.

62.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 95, 115; ”LTC John Fitzgerald (–1799)-Find A Grave Memorial,” www.findagrave.com; Cecere, An Officer of Very Extraordinary Merit, p. 103; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 68; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 80–81; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 31; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 175; Moran, “George Washington’s Military Family,” LTN.

63.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 110; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 95.

64.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 66; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 175.

65.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 109–110; Smith, John Marshal, p. 66.

66.     Ferreiro, Brothers at Arms, p. 157; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 176.

67.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 77; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 32; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 115; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 175.

68.     Laurens, The Army Correspondence of Colonel John Laurens in the Years 1777–8, p. 202; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 215; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 114–115; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 8.

69.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 110; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 115.

70.     Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 175; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 177.

71.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 77; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 176.

72.     Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 31–32.

73.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 177.

74.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 77; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 32.

75.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 115; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 65; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 177; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 59.

76.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 65; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 77; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 110; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 32.

77.     Leckie, George Washington’s War, p. 487; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 115; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 77; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 32, 35.

78.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 110–111; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 177.

79.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 77–78; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 101–104; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 33.

80.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 92; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 146.

81.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 112–113; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 77–78; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 32–33; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 102–104, 115–116; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 176.

82.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 84, 115–116; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 77–79; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 32.

83.     James McHenry Biography Sketch, Center of Military History, United States Army, Washington, DC; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 91–93, 113–114; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 78–80; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, pp. 407–408; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 428; Scheer and Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats, p. 388; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 48; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 171,175–176, 179–180; Piers Mackesy, The War for America, 1775–1783, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993), p. 215; Brian Lalor, editor, The Encyclopedia of Ireland, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), p. 66; John Beake, Otho Holland Williams in the American Revolution, (Mount Pleasant: The Nautical and Aviation Publishing Company, 2015), p. 23; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 140–142.

84.     Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 48; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 171.

85.     Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 102; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 74; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 48.

86.     Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 142; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 48; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 92–93; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p.79; Hancock, Oceans of Wine, p. 326; Randall, Alexander Randall, p. 218.

87.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 90; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 162.

88.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 119; Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 217–218; Scheer and Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats, pp. 388–389; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 113–115; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 60–61; Freeman, Washington, p. 405.

89.     Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 103; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 119; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 61.

90.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 68; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 119–120; Leckie, George Washington’s War, pp. 285, 358, 363–364; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 61; Mark Mayo Boatner III, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, (New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1966), p. 690; Freeman, Washington, p. 405.

91.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 68; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 37–38; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 46; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 98.

92.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 117–118; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 68.

93.     Alexander Hamilton to unidentified individual, September 12, 1778, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library, New York, New York; Ferreiro, Brothers at Arms, p. 171.

94.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 123.

95.     Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 426; Beake, Otho Holland Williams, p. 53.

96.     Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 180; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 77–78; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 235; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 68–69; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 112–113, 125–126; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 116–117; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 176, 179–180; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 34–35.

97.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 69–70; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 126; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 116–117; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 176.

98.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 126; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 68–70.

99.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 127; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 77–78.

100.   Ibid; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 105–106, 113–117; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 77–78; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 31.

101.   Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 32; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88–91, 105–106, 113–117; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 77–78.

102.   Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 405; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 187; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 91, 108–109.

103.   Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 82; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 426; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 187–188; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 40.

104.   Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 428; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 188; Langguth, Patriots, p. 478.

105.   Thacher, Military Journal, p. 160; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 82–85.

106.   Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 61, 98; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 37–38, 79–85; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 41.

107.   Schiff, A Great Improvisation, pp. 13–62; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 116; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 94–95, 113, 119–120; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 84–85; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 67; Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 103; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 60–62.

108.   Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 3–5; Schiff, A Great Improvisation, pp. 166–167; Stinchcombe, The American Revolution and the French Alliance, pp. 1–12, 56; Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 1, pp. 321–322; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 29–30, 113, 119–120; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 121; Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 103; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 60–61.

109.   Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 44; Stinchcombe, The American Revolution and the French Alliance, p. 2.

110.   Schiff, A Great Improvisation, pp. 166–167; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 8, 12–13, 119–120; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 84; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 3; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 24; Stinchcombe, The American Revolution and the French Alliance, pp. 2, 56; Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 1, pp. 321–322; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 38; Milton Lomask, John Carroll, Bishop and Patriot, (New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1956), p. 141.

111.   Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 380.

112.   Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 218–219; Mackesy, The War for America, p. 192; Schiff, A Great Improvisation, pp. 167–168; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 85; John Shelby, The Road to Yorktown, (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1976), pp. 144–145; Stinchcombe, The American Revolution and the French Alliance, pp. 2, 12, 32, 48–56; Laurens, The Army Correspondence of Colonel John Laurens in the Years 1777–8, pp. 220–221; G. De Bertier de Sauvigny and David H. Pickney, History of France, (Wheeling: Forum Press, Inc., 1983), pp. 200–201; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 121–122; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 37–39; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, pp. 408–409, 413; Ferreiro, Brothers at Arms, p. 171; Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 103.

113.   Schiff, A Great Improvisation, pp. 167–170; Cox, A Proper Sense of Honor, pp. xv-xvi, 21–28; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 95–97, 113; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 61; Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 103.

114.   Stinchcombe, The American Revolution and the French Alliance, pp. 2, 51–52; Henry Steele Commager and Richard B. Morris, editors, The Spirit of ‘Seventy-Six, The Story of the American Revolution As Told By Participants, (New York: Bonanza Books, 1983), p. 717; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 29–30, 95–97; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 84–85; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 37–39; Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 103.

115.   Ferreiro, Brothers at Arms, p. 218; Stinchcombe, The American Revolution and the French Alliance, pp. 50–56; Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 60–61; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 84–85.

116.   Stinchcombe, The American Revolution and the French Alliance, p. 56.

117.   Ferreiro, Brothers at Arms, p. 218; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 67; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 84–85.

118.   Ibid; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 37–39.

119.   Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 122.

120.   Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 37–39; Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 103; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 138.

121.   Bill, Valley Forge, pp. 242–243; Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 60–61; Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 103.

Chapter V

1.       Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 121; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 406-6–407, 412; Henry Wiencek, Master of the Mountain, Thomas Jefferson and His Slaves (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2012), p. 74; Ellis, Revolutionary Summer, p. 93; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 162–163, 291–292; The People’s Bicentennial Commission, Voices of the American Revolution, (New York: Bantam Books, 1975), pp. 186–187.

2.       Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 20, 35; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 32; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 6, 26; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 406

3.       Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 87; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 78, 140, 342, 409–410; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 162–163, 291–292

4.       Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 410; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 162–163, 291–292; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 92–93.

5.       Michael Lee Lanning, Defenders of Liberty, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, (New York: Kensington Publishing Corporation, 2000), pp. 66–68, 202–204; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 92–97, 130–132; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 121; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 87; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 163; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 61–62.

6.       Lanning, Defenders of Liberty, pp. 66–68, 202–204; Middlebrook encampment, Wikipedia; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 24; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 121–122; Schiff, A Great Improvisation, p. 166; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 81–87; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 3; Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 6, 61; Rakove, Revolutionaries, pp. 15–16; Wiencek, Master of the Mountain, p. 70; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 164–165; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 229.

7.       Laurens, The Army Correspondence of Colonel John Laurens in the Years 1777–78, pp. 114–115.

8.       Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 61.

9.       Lanning, Defenders of Liberty, p. 204.

10.     Ibid., p. 203.

11.     Ibid., pp. 66–67, 202.

12.     Ibid., pp. 202–203; Ellis, Revolutionary Summer, p. 93.

13.     Lanning, Defenders of Liberty; Wiencek, Master of the Mountain, pp. 51–52

14.     Lanning, Defenders of Liberty, pp. 67–68, 203; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 122

15.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 87; Lanning, Defenders of Liberty, 203.

16.     Lanning, Defenders of Liberty, p. 203; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 87; Michael P. Johnson and James L. Roark, Black Masters, A Free Black Family in the Old South, (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1984), p. 31.

17.     Burns, Virtue, Valor, & Vanity, p. 95.

18.     Ibid., Defenders of Liberty, p. 202.

19.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 87; Lanning, Defenders of Liberty, pp. 66–67, 202–204; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 61–62; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 164–165.

20.     Lanning, Defenders of Liberty, p. 67.

21.     Laurens, The Army Correspondence of Colonel John Laurens in the Years 1777–8, p. 116.

22.     Ibid., p. 115; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 122.

23.     Ray Raphael, Founders, The People Who Brought You A Nation, (New York: MJF Books, 2009), p. 95.

24.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 123–125; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 87; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88–89; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 182.

25.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 114–115; Roche, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 134–135; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 175–177; Beake, Otho Holland Williams, p. 23; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 193.

26.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 114–115; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 217.

27.     Alexander Hamilton to James Duane, September 7, 1779, Lloyd W. Smith Collection, Morristown National Historical Park, Morristown, New Jersey; Alexander Hamilton to Major General Nathanael Greene, September 10, 1777, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Digital Edition, Editor, Harold C. Syrett, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Rotunda, 2011.

28.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 75.

29.     Ibid.

30.     Ibid; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 119–120.

31.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 75–76.

32.     Alexander Hamilton and Louis Du Portail to George Washington, November 8, 1779, Alexander Hamilton Papers, National Archives, Washington, DC.

33.     Alexander Hamilton to Lieutenant Colonel John Taylor, October 29, 1779, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Digital Editor, Editor, Harold C. Syrett, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Rotunda, 2011.

34.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 75–76.

35.     Ibid.

36.     Ibid.

37.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 217–218.

38.     Ibid., p.218; George Seldes, compiler, The Great Thoughts, (New York: Ballantine Books, 1985), p. 234.

39.     Shelby, The Road to Yorktown, p. 149; Stinchcombe, The American Revolution and the French Alliance, pp. 133–134; Langguth, Patriots, p. 496.

40.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 403; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 123.

41.     Puls, Henry Knox, p. 141; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 127; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 361–362; Lomask, Odd Destiny, p. 4; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 194–195.

42.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 123–125; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 77–78; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 150–152, 170–172; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 79; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 182–185, 218; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 67–68.

43.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 150–152; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 124; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 77; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 182.

44.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 184.

45.     Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 76; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 124; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 84; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 182; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 152.

46.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 77; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 84.

47.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 152; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 125.

48.     Leckie, George Washington’s War, p. 505; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 104–113; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 82–84.

49.     Langguth, Patriots, pp. 497–498; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 63.

50.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 123–124.

51.     Ibid., p. 187.

52.     Ibid; Webb Papers, YUL.

53.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 187; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 126, 128.

54.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 189.

55.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 141.

56.     Ibid.

57.     Chastellux, Travels in North-America in the Years 1780–81–82, pp. 67–68.

58.     Ibid; Bill, Valley Forge, p. 145.

59.     Chastellux, Travels in North-America in the Years 1780–81–82; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 361–362; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 127; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 62–63; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 187–188.

60.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 80–85; Phillip Thomas Tucker, How the Irish Won the American Revolution, A New Look at the Forgotten Heroes of America’s War of Independence, (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2015), pp. 241–242; Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 404; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 198; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 128–132; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 187–188, 190; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 66; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 362–364; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 78; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 63–66.

61.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 123, 128–132; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 65; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 190; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 69–70.

62.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 126, 128; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 194.

63.     Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 380.

64.     Ibid.

65.     Ibid.

66.     Ibid., p. 381; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 190.

67.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 79; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 191.

68.     Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 138.

69.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 80; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 192.

70.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 80; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 132, 134–136, 147; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 193–194; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 66.

71.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 119; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 381–382; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 193.

72.     Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 131.

73.     Stinchcombe, The American Revolution and the French Alliance, pp. 134–135; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 139; G. De Bertier de Sauvigny and David H. Pinkney, History of France, pp. 200–201.

74.     Roche, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 142–143.

75.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 83–84, 112–113; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 80.

76.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 81; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 69.

77.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 81–82.

78.     Ibid., p. 82.

79.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 195.

80.     Ibid., pp. 197, 202; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 83; Alexander Hamilton to Henry Knox, July 9, 1780, The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, Digital Edition, Editor Harold C. Syrett. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Rounda, 2011.

81.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton; Lomask, Odd Destiny, pp. 28–37.

82.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 83–84.

83.     Ibid., p. 88.

84.     Randall, Benedict Arnold, p. 405; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 105; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 145.

85.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 88.

86.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88–89.

87.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 405.

88.     Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 380; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 147.

89.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 405; Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 145; Lomask, AlexanderHamilton, pp. 68–69.

90.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 137–139; Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 405; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 68–70; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 82–84; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 5.

91.     Raphael, Revolutionaries, pp. 360–361; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 138–139; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 68–71; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 218.

92.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 405; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 68–71.

93.     Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 43–47; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 138–139; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 68–71.

94.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 137–139; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 51.

95.     Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 58; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 139.

96.     Roche, Alexander Hamilton, p. 148; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 47.

97.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 137–139; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 216.

98.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 139, 145; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 92.

99.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 92; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 132, 150; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 216, 221.

100.   Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 1, pp. 308–310.

Chapter VI

1.       Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88–128; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140; Rakove, Revolutionaries, pp. 402–404; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 167, 216, 218.

2.       Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 203–205; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 77–78; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 149.

3.       Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 426.

4.       Leckie, George Washington’s War, p. 450.

5.       Burns, Virtue, Valor, & Vanity, p. 62; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140; 410; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 22.

6.       Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 426–427; Burns, Virtue, Valor & Vanity, pp. 63, 67.

7.       Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 92–93; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 217.

8.       Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 92–93.

9.       Ibid.

10.     Burns, Virtue, Valor, & Vanity, p. 63.

11.     Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 1, p. 318.

12.     Ibid., p. 319; Fort Bunker Hill, New York Military Museum and Veterans Research Center, Saratoga Springs, New York, internet; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 107–108.

13.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 3.

14.     Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 1, p. 319; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 137–139.

15.     Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 1, pp. 318–319.

16.     Ibid., p. 319; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 77–78.

17.     Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 1, p. 320.

18.     Ibid; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 119; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 216.

19.     Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 1, pp. 320–321.

20.     Ibid., p. 321.

21.     Ibid., pp. 321–322.

22.     Ibid., p. 326; Stinchcombe, The American Revolution and the French Alliance, pp. 51–52, 54; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 139, 150; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 84–85; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 218; Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 403.

23.     Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 1, p. 327; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 150; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 503.

24.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 218; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 138.

25.     Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, pp. 320–322; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 92; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 64–66; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 132–137; Rakove, Revolutionaries, pp. 404–407; Lomax, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 64–65; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 224.

26.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 79; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 21, 64–69; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 124–125, 139.

27.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 405; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 25–26, 79–81.

28.     Isenberg, Fallen Founder, pp. 3–5, 15–16.

29.     Ibid., pp. 19–34; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p.149; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 22.

30.     Isenberg, Fallen Founder, p. 37.

31.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 139; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 78.

32.     Ibid; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 42, 82, 110.

33.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, pp. 404–405; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 28.

34.     Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 23; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 81; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 189.

35.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 128, 145; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 23.

36.     Tilghman, Memoir of Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman, p. 90.

37.     Ibid., p. 173; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 139–140; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 81.

38.     Charles Royster, A Revolutionary People at War, The Continental Army and the American Character, 1775–1783, (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1981), pp. 311–313; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 137–140.

39.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 127–128.

40.     Kilmeade and Yeager, George Washington’s Secret Six, p. 165; Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 283–304; George C. Daughan, Revolution on the Hudson, New York City and the Hudson River Valley in the American War of Independence, (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2016), pp. 263–264; Ferreiro, Brothers at Arms, pp. 224–225; Puls, Henry Knox, p. 146; Schachner, Aaron Burr, p. 43; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 119, 140–141; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 72–73, 77–79; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 202; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 69; Freeman, Washington, p. 444; Randall, Benedict Arnold, p. 538; Knott and Williams, Washington and Williams, p. 94; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 209.

41.     Freeman, Washington, p. 444; Knot and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 95.

42.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 89; Freeman, Washington, p. 465.

43.     Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 94; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 485.

44.     Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, p. 311; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 207; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 95.

45.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 207.

46.     Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 95; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 140–141; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 90; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 206–208.

47.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 90–91; Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, pp. 302, 304; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, pp. 484–486; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 141–143; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 192, 216; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 71.

48.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 143; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 91.

49.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 91; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 144; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 211, 213–214; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 95

50.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 91–92.

51.     Alexander Hamilton to Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, October 11, 1780, Founders Online, National Archives, Washington, DC; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 144; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 213.

52.     Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, p. 316; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 217–218; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 150; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 503; Craig, General Edward Hand, p. 29, 86.

53.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 143–147; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 81; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 216.

54.     Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 73–74; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 87; Langguth, Patriots, p. 517.

55.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 147–148; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 11, 81–82; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 81, 93; Langguth, Patriots, p. 517; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 143, 218–219; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 216.

56.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 219–220.

57.     Chastellux, Travels in North-America in the Years 1780–81–82, pp. 171–173; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 220; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 14–15, 145–149.

58.     Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 1, p. 324.

59.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 130–131, 145, 150; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 81; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 212, 221; Kline, ed, Alexander Hamilton, p. 93; Donald T. Phillips, On the Wing of Speed, George Washington and the Battle of Yorktown, (New York: iUniverse Star, 2006), p. 3; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 243.

60.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 93–94.

61.     Robert L. Tonsetic, 1781, The Decisive Year of the Revolutionary War, (Philadelphia: Casemate Publishing, 2011), pp. viii, 12–13, 25; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 86–87; Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, pp. 323–324; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 139, 150–151; Harvey, “A Few Bloody Noses,” pp. 394–395.

62.     Hamilton, The Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 1, p. 325.

63.     Ibid., pp. 325–326.

64.     Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 71; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 77.

65.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 103; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 220–223; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 92–93.

66.     Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 61.

67.     Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, p. 103; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 218.

68.     Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, pp. 173–175.

69.     Ibid., pp. 176–177.

70.     Alexander Hamilton to the Marquis de Barbe-Marbois, February 7, 1781, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library, New York, New York.

71.     Alexander Hamilton to Colonel Timothy Pickering, February 9, 1781, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Digital Edition, Editor, Harold C. Syrett, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Rotunda, 2011.

72.     Ibid.

73.     Alexander Hamilton to Timothy Pickering, February 15, 1871, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library, New York, New York.

74.     Freeman, Washington, p. 451; Craig, General Edward Hand, pp. 1–7, 23, 85.

75.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 94.

76.     Ibid., pp. 15, 76–77, 94–97; Rakove, Revolutionaries, pp. 402–406; Ferling, Jefferson and Hamilton, pp. 102–104; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 67, 69, 71; Freeman, Washington, p. 451; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 85–151; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 426–427; Schachner, Aaron Burr, pp. 44–45; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. vii-x, 22; Royster, Light-Horse Harry Lee, pp. 24–25; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 73–75; Chief of Staff, Wikipedia; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 217–218, 225; David G. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon, The Mind and Method of History’s Greatest Soldier, (New York: Scribner, 1966), pp. 1108, 1102.

77.     Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 73; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 220.

78.     Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 5;Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 401; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 26–28

79.     Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 402.

80.     Tonsetic, 1781, p. x; Langguth, Patriots, p. 517; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 91–92; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 150; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 71; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, p. 227.

81.     Burns, Virtue, Valor, & Vanity, p. 63; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. ix-x; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 503; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 149–151; Rakove, Revolutionaries, pp. 402–406; Busch, Winter Quarters, pp. 97–98; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 426–427; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 94–96; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 73–74.

82.     Lanning, Defenders of Liberty, pp. 66–67, 202–204; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 406–410; Henry Wiencek, Master of the Mountain, Thomas Jefferson and His Slaves, (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 74–75; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 92.

83.     Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 75; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 406–407.

84.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 149; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 225.

85.     Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 21–22; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88, 107, 149; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 26–27; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 79; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 74–75; Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, p. 197.

86.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88, 107, 149; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 428; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 220–222.

87.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 122, 225.

88.     Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 32; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 71; Clarfield, Timothy Pickering and the American Republic, pp. 44–46.

89.     Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 32.

90.     Harvey, “A Few Bloody Noses,” pp. 394–396; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 221, 224; Freeman, Washington, p. 460; Phillips, On the Wing of Speed, pp. 3, 24.

91.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 224.

92.     Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 23–24; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 151; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 71; Langguth, Patriots, p. 517; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 221.

93.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 96.

94.     Langguth, Patriots, p. 517; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 149–151; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 220–222.

95.     Thacher, Military Journal, p. 160; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 149–151; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, p. 406; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 74–75; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 220–222.

96.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 96.

97.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88, 107, 149; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 75; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 221.

98.     Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 34; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88, 107, 149; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 74–75.

99.     Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 151; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 426–427; Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 406; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 94–96; Langguth, Patriots, p. 517; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 34–35; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 145, 147, 221, 223; Freeman, Washington, pp. 451, 460.

100.   Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 95.

101.   Ibid; Langguth, Patriots, p. 518; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88, 107, 149; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 223; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 72; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 74–75.

102.   Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 35; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88, 107, 149, 152; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 95; Langguth, Patriots, p. 518; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 72–75; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 96.

103.   Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 35.

104.   Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 95; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 225–226.

105.   Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 95–96.

106.   Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 76.

107.   Rakove, Revolutionaries, p. 406.

108.   Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 96.

109.   Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 35.

110.   Ibid., pp. 74–75.

111.   Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 182–185, 220.

112.   Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 223–224.

113.   Ibid., p. 224.

114.   Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, p. 98; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 96; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88, 107, 149, 153; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 35.

115.   Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, p. 153; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 88–89.

116.   Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 224.

117.   Philbrick, Valiant Ambition, p. 101; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, pp. 294–297; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. vii-257; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 21, 147–148, 153.

118.   Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 147–148; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 195.

119.   Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 94; Langguth, Patriots, p. 518; Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 119–120, 153; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 75; Tonsetic, 1781, pp. 72–73; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 98, 113.

120.   Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, p. 75.

121.   Langguth, Patriots, p. 518; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 105–113; John Ferling, The Ascent of George Washington, The Hidden Political Genius of an American Icon, (New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2009), p. 225.

Conclusion

1.       Knott, Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth, p. 221.

2.       Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140; Tonsetic, 1781, p. 157.

3.       Knott, Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth, pp. 2–232; Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men, pp. 108–109; Fleming, Washington’s Secret War, pp. 164–165, 175–179; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. vii-257; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 145–149.

4.       Knott, Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth, pp. vii-257; Burns, Virtue, Valor, & Vanity, p. 49; Kaplan, Alexander Hamilton, p. 167; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. vii-257; Edward J. Larson, The Return of George Washington, 1783–1789, (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2014), pp. 3-303

5.       Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 78.

6.       Ibid., p. 88.

7.       Ibid., p. 89.

8.       Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, February 13, 1783, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library, New York, New York.

9.       Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 99–101; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 548–549, 572; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 412–424; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 236–237.

10.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 80–101; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 422–424

11.     Alexander Hamilton to James Hamilton, June 1785, Alexander Hamilton Papers, Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library, New York, New York.

12.     Fleming, Beat the Last Drum, pp. 281–286; Davis, The Campaign That Won America, pp. 198–220; Morrissey, Yorktown 1781, pp. 66–77; Joanne B. Freeman, Affairs of Honor, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001), pp. 281–282; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140, 426; Schachner, Aaron Burr, pp. 44–45, 252–253; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 36–37; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 176, 184–185, 247–248, 412–424; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. vii-257; Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, pp. 49–102; Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 162–166.

13.     Knott, Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth, pp. 2–232; Raphael, Founders, pp. 436; Chadwick, George Washington’s War, pp. 138–140, 426; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 21–67; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, pp. 247, 251–252; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 234; Fleming, Beat the Drum, p. 75; David T. Zabecki, editor, Chief of Staff, The Principal Officers Behind History’s Great Commanders, Napoleonic Wars to World War I, (2 vols., Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2008), vol. 1, pp. 29–39; Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon, pp. 1021, 1057.

14.     Francis Rufus Bellamy, The Private Life of George Washington, (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1951), p. 318.

15.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 149.

16.     Randall, Alexander Hamilton, p. 121.

17.     Kline, ed., Alexander Hamilton, p. 102.

18.     Marcus Cunliffe, George Washington, Man and Monument, (New York: Mentor Books, 1958), p. 137; Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 67; Randall, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 119–421; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. vii-257.

19.     Lomask, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 171–172; Knott and Williams, Washington and Hamilton, pp. 239–242.

20.     Robert C. Baron, editor, Soul of America, Documenting Our Past, 1492–1974, (Golden: Fulcrum, Inc., 1989), p. 102.