The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
Aaroe, Gene 79–80
Abe, Shinzo 125, 234, 236–7, 242, 243–4, 253
on 2012 re-election: and Abenomics 305–11, 315–17; and China 311–14, 316; and constitutional change 313–14; and Russia 341n16
Beautiful Country 237
Abegglen, James 90–91, 95, 167–8, 179
Ainu people 49–50
Akihabara Electric Town 210
Akihito, Emperor 17
Almighty Medicine 108
Always: Sunset on Third Street 93–4
Amataresu, sun goddess 46–7
Amritsar massacre 222
anatomy 62
ancestor veneration 33
Aomori 80
apprenticeships xxviii–xxix, 290
Arai, Hiroko 232–3
Asahara, Shoko 108
Asia
Hatoyama and relations with 244–6, 251–4
Japanese relations and the legacy of history 219–35
and the withdrawal of Japan 55–70, 81–2, 238, 245, 254
Asian Development Bank 307
asset prices 102, 118, 126, 181
Aum Association of Mountain Wizards 108
Aum Supreme Truth 108
Aung San 70
auto industry see car industry
Badd Girls 193
Bando Mitsugoro VIII 136
Bank of Japan 102, 114, 130, 144, 306, 307–8
banking system 102, 103, 115, 118, 121, 124, 129–30, 135
interest rates see interest rates
and Takenaka 141–4
Basho, Matsuo 45–6
Bataan Death March 228–9
Batavia 60
Bell Laboratories 89
Benedict, Ruth: The Chrysanthemum and the Sword 35–6, 46, 50
Bernanke, Ben 130
Bhutan 178
birth rates 161–2
Blacker, Carmen 64
bond market 124–5
Boston Consulting Group 91
Brandt, Willy 220–21
Britain
Amritsar massacre 222
and Burma 70
economy 119, 120, 145; post-war 117; recession 128
foreign business acquisitions 311
and Japan 60; Anglo-Japanese alliance (1902) 68; and geography 233–4
pre-emptive austerity 128
shipbuilding 86
women workers 164
Bulova 89
bunraku puppetry xxviii
burakumin caste 49
bureaucracy/bureaucrats 58, 84, 97, 125, 223, 286
bureaucratic culture 260
and Hashimoto 199
loss of public trust 279, 285, 287
Ministry of Finance bureaucrats 142, 250, 328n6
and the ‘nuclear village’ 264–9, 272, 274, 277–8
sarin attack on bureaucrats 183
university training of bureaucrats 108
and women workers 164
The Course of Our Country 230
business conglomerates (zaibatsu) 81, 92
business practice see company culture and business practice
calendar, western 62
Cameron, David 222
Campbell, Kurt 246
cancer 276
Canon 172
Capital Hotel, Rikuzentakata 4, 5, 7, 12, 25, 26, 295–6
capital market deregulation 102
capitalism xxix–xxx
stakeholder–shareholder balance xxix–xxx
stakeholder model 120
car industry 87–8, 96, 145, 270
Japanese cars built outside Japan 166
cash hoarding 114–15
Chang’an 58
Chengdu 312
Chernobyl nuclear disaster 260, 265, 275–6
child poverty 212
Chile earthquake (1960) 24, 296
China/the Chinese
ageing 162
Dutch massacre of Chinese in Batavia 60
foreign business acquisitions 311
and Japan xxxiv–xxxv, 32, 33, 52, 57–9, 60, 303; and Abe 311–14, 316; anti-Japanese demonstrations (2005) 235; anti-Japanese demonstrations (2012) 312; break between the two cultures 58–9, 61–6; and China’s 1964 nuclear test 264; Chinese influence on Japanese culture 57–8; Chinese workers in Japan 166; Chinese view of Japan as a peripheral nonentity 58; and Deng Xiaoping 220; economy comparison 117, 174, 220; and Hatoyama and his government 244–6, 251–4; history’s legacy of continuing troubled relations 219–35; invasion of China (1937) 73, 228, 232; invasions of Manchuria see Manchuria: and Japan; Japanese debt recovery and demand from China 143; Japanese factories/call centres in China 166, 169; under Koizumi 221, 234–5; and Manchuria see Manchuria: and Japan; and the manufacturing industry xxi, 145, 169; Nanjing massacre 78, 228–9; and the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands 251–3, 311–13, 316; trade 143, 145, 235, 253; and the US 238–9, 313, 316; war of 1895 67, 68; World War II 69
Manchurian invasion of China 63
military ascendancy 220
Ming Dynasty 63
nuclear test (1964) 264
science, Chinese vs western 62–3
seafaring vessel ban 31
Tang Dynasty 58
Tiananmen Square 219
World War II 69
and the WTO 156
youth nationalism 219
Christianity 31, 45, 55, 59–60, 61
Catholicism 59
missionaries 59
civil society xxxiii, 71, 269, 284–9
Class-A war criminals 221, 225–6
Clinton, Bill 249
Clyde 86
Cold War 81, 84, 104, 158, 239, 245, 246
communism 81, 84, 197, 236, 237
Communist Party of China 133, 219
company culture and business practice 90–93, 118, 120–21, 148
convoy system 92
corporate restructuring xxxiii, 121, 144, 179, 182, 207
foreign acquisitions 173–4, 311
globalization 317
graduate recruitment 180–81, 182
kaizen (continuous improvement) 90
keiretsu relationships 92, 101
lifelong employment 90, 93, 148, 186
and the post-industrial era 172–3
and recovery from debt 143–4
and Takenaka’s view of no company ‘too big to fail’ 143
and women returners 206
computers 94
cooperatives 198
Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy 140
crime
Class-A war criminals 221, 225–6
rates xx, xxv, xxix, 116, 122, 259
Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal 81, 225
and the US–Japan Status of Forces Agreement 248–9
violent 104, 122, 204, 210, 211 see also terrorism; legislation on domestic violence 211–12; rape see rape; US 96
Curtis, Gerald 154, 158, 268, 281
Dalai Lama 33
Danjuro Ichikawa IX 68
de Gaulle, Charles 93
Japan xxvii, xxxiii, 115–16, 123–7, 146–7, 271, 283, 306
Defence Ministry 243
deflation 114–15, 119, 123, 127, 130, 144, 163, 179, 303, 306–7, 308–9
Deftech (rap band) 295
Dejima 32
Deming, William 91–2
democracy xxviii, 78, 80, 133, 152, 221–2, 269, 281, 287
‘Taisho democracy’ 71–2
Democratic Party of Japan 149, 244–7, 251, 279–83
post-tsunami public dissatisfaction with 279–83
Deng Xiaoping 220
deregulation 101, 129, 145, 147–8, 153
under Abenomics 310
of capital market 102
of energy 310
Diamond, Jared 32
Diaoyu islands 251–3, 311–13, 316
dissections 62
Narita 212
Dodge, Joseph 85
domestic violence 211–12
Domestic Violence Prevention Law 211
Dower, John xxi–xxii, 67, 80, 223, 249, 303, 304, 305, 340n1
Dulles, John Foster 84
Dutch East Indies 73
earthquakes 5–6
1854 Ansei Earthquake 6
1923 Great Kanto earthquake 72, 77, 304
1995 Kobe earthquake xxxiii, 104, 106–7, 240, 284
2011 earthquake xix, xx, 5, 6–7, 13, 14, 315; epicentre 6; nuclear crisis after see Fukushima Daiichi nuclear crisis; size 6; and Tokyo 7, 13, 15–17, 18–19, 25
undersea megathrust 6
Eberstadt, Nicholas 119
economy of Japan xxii, xxxiii–xxxiv, 35, 55, 82–7, 93–8, 100–103, 113–30
and the abandoning of nuclear power 271
and asset prices 102, 118, 126, 181
and the banking system see banking system
bond market 124–5
bubble burst 98, 100–103, 104, 110, 117, 118, 126, 129–30, 303
and cash hoarding 114–15
consumer-led 102
and corporate culture 82
debt xxvii, xxxiii, 115–16, 123–7, 146–7, 271, 283, 306
deflation 114–15, 119, 123, 127, 130, 144, 163, 179, 303, 306–7, 308–9
deregulation see deregulation
and ‘empty affluence’ 93
and the export to import shift 102
film portrayal in Always: Sunset on Third Street 93–4
and the global economy xx–xxi, 117
growth rate 174–6; and ‘life after growth’ 160–79
and immigration 165–7
inflation 85, 94, 124, 127, 306, 307, 309–10, 326n31
Izanagi boom 144–5
and ‘Japanization’ 115–16
and living standards see living standards/per capita income
and managed industrial policy 82
national income-doubling plan 93
percentage of global output xxi
post-bubble experience and assessment 114–30, 144–8
post-war: catch-up 116–17; economy of production and exports 102; ruins 82, 83–4; and the US 83–6
and property prices 100–101, 102, 103
public expenditure 103, 127, 145–6, 328n26 see also public works
recessions xxvi, 72, 103, 114, 120, 126, 128, 131, 183
recovery under Koizumi 141–8
and the Red Purge 85
revisionist view of 96–7
shares see shares
stimulus packages 103, 131, 308–9
stock market see stock market, Japan
and tax increases 283
and the US dollar 101–2
as a US threat 96–8
yen strength 101–2, 145, 169, 270, 307, 308–9
education 51, 230–33, 237, 248, 331n24, 333n2
beliefs of Communist influence on 237–8
Chinese 219
Fundamental Law of Education 243
higher see higher education
and nuclear accident downplaying 265
and revisionists 230–33
school textbooks 57, 230–31, 232–3, 248, 265
schools and radiation 277
yutori 333n2
electricity
feed-in tariff 305
market competition 305
production 265; after Fukushima 270–74
shortages following Fukushima disaster xx, 15–16, 18
electronics industry xxvi, 94, 167, 170–71, 253, 332n40
emperor worship 47, 71, 73, 80
apprenticeships xxviii–xxix, 290
business practices see company culture and business practice
casual/non-regular 47, 155, 184, 197, 284
contract workers used at Fukushima 265–6
discrimination against women 164–5, 205, 206–7, 213
health sector 166–7
and identity 197–8
job seeking 180–82
jobs for life 90, 93, 148, 186
labour market: breakdown 192, 316–17; liberalization 148; shushoku katsudo (screening/mass hiring of graduates) 180–81, 192; two-tiered 265
labour movement see labour movement
labour policy practice 205
lack of see unemployment rates
liberalization of labour market 155
part-time work and workers 118, 163, 164, 175, 184, 192, 197, 210, 212–13
pay see pay
service sector 166
and social status 182
work ethic 172, 213; Japanese view of US 96; young alternative 198
workforce 47–8, 160–61, 163, 164, 173; health sector 166–7; immigrant 165–7; in manufacturing 169; part-time 118, 163, 175, 184, 192, 197, 210, 212–13; shushoku katsudo (screening/mass hiring of graduates) 180–81, 192; women 164–5, 181–2, 205, 206, 212–13, 214, 331nn26–27
the ‘working poor’ 197
workplace discrimination 205
of young people 181–3, 185–6, 189–91
energy
compensation for loss of nuclear power 271
feed-in tariff 305
imports 94
national energy bill 271
nuclear see nuclear power and industry
review of national policy 274
Entrepreneurial Training for Innovative Communities (ETIC) 188, 198
equality/inequality 118, 121–2, 148, 155–6, 158–9, 284
equal-opportunity legislation 209–10
gender discrimination 164–5, 205, 206–7, 213
women’s 202–16; and the UN Gender Inequality Index 205, 334nn3–4; and work 164–5, 205, 206–7, 213
ETIC (Entrepreneurial Training for Innovative Communities) 188, 198
Fallows, James 97
Family Mart 166
family structure 162, 212 see also marriage
fertility rates 160, 161–2, 164
abolition xxxii, 49, 50, 71, 303
overturned by samurai modernizing clique 71
finance ministry 123, 128, 142, 145
Financial Services Agency 142
Financial Times 308
bureau 16
Fiscal Investment and Loan Programme 151
food xxiv, 3, 19–20, 83, 175, 189
additives 287
after the tsunami 258, 263, 285, 286
football, Nadeshiko team 206–7
Ford 87
Franzen, Jonathan: Freedom 176
fugu (poisonous fish) 136
Fuji Seitetsu 90
Fuji Xerox 235
Fujiwara, Masahiko 37–41, 45, 155
Dignity of the Nation 37, 38, 40
fukoku kyohei (‘rich country, strong army’) 85, 316
Fukuda, Takeo 137
Fukuda, Yasuo 147
Fukuoka 147
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear crisis 14–15, 257–78
anti-nuclear popular sentiment after 273–8, 304–5
breaching of sea defences 261–2
and contract workers 265–6
dead zone 258–60
and decommissioning 264
efforts to control 14–15, 262–3
electricity shortages following xx, 15–16, 18
firefighting 21
hydrogen explosions 17, 257, 262
long-term health effect expectations 275–6
nationwide nuclear shutdown after 269–70
and Odaka 257–9
and official/Japanese culture xxi, 260–61, 267–9
parliamentary enquiry 261, 263, 264, 266, 267–9
and public dissatisfaction with the Democratic Party and the political class 279–89
radiation 15, 21, 27–8, 258–60, 262–3, 266; leaks/dumping of radioactive water into the sea 263; levels in schools 277; popular fears of 274, 275–8; public mistrust of government concerning 276–8, 279; radioactive caesium 28, 275
rating on International Atomic Energy Agency scale 260
seawater injection 14–15, 262, 267
Senoue photographing in exclusion zone 289
and Tepco see Tepco (Tokyo Electric Power Company)
venting operation 262
Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant 18
Fukuzawa, Yukichi xxx, 63–6, 67, 68, 71, 243
Fuller, John Frederick Charles 70
Funabashi, Yoichi 52–3, 54, 173, 196–7, 253, 264, 316
Fundamental Law of Education 243
Furuichi, Noritoshi 37, 184–7, 192–3
Happy Youth in a Desperate Country 185
Fuse, Hiroshi 28
G20 (Group of Twenty) 308
‘Galapagos syndrome’ 173
Galbraith, Kenneth: The Affluent Society 83
Gale, Robert 276
gang rape 211
methane 305
Gender Inequality Index, UN 205, 332nn3–4
General Electric 272
Germany 35, 52, 93, 145, 169, 177, 272, 273, 313
and the Fukushima crisis 260
post-war charter amendments 313
post-war dealing with history 219, 220–21, 222, 223, 224
renewable energy 272
Give2Asia 286
Gordon, Beate Sirota 333n1
Gozan no Okuribi festival 27, 28
Grave of the Fireflies 83
Great Kanto earthquake 72, 77, 304
Gree 170
Group of Seven 55
Group of Twenty (G20) 308
gun making 60–61
Hachiko the dog 295
Hadley, Eleanor 81
Hama, Noriko 47, 53–4, 159, 208–9, 213, 280, 284
Hashimoto, Ryutaro 133
Hatakeyama, Shigemitsu 285
Hatoyama, Yukio 244–6, 247, 250–51, 253–4, 280–81, 282, 284
Hatsuzawa, Tomoko 277
Hayashi, Mariko 242–3
health sector workers 166–7
Japan: An Attempt at Interpretation 43
Higa, Kazuko 203
and shushoku katsudo (screening/mass hiring of graduates) 180–81, 192
Higuchi, Yoshio 155
Hirohito, Emperor 3, 4, 17, 104, 223, 292
Hiroshima 34, 70, 79, 224, 264
Hitachi 171–2
Hitler, Adolf 223
Hokkaido 35, 49–50, 240, 252, 275
national park 305
Hokusai woodblock prints 8
Holland/the Dutch 32, 60, 61, 63, 241
Honda, Soichiro 88
Honda (auto company) 88
Horyuji temple 58
hostages in Iraq 194–7
housing 119, 186, 293–4 see also property
rebuilding, after tsunami 294–5, 298–9
Hu Jintao 220
Hubbard, L. Ron, Church of Scientology 109
Huntington, Samuel: The Clash of Civilizations 35
Hy’s Café, Ofunato 293, 294, 295
Ibuka, Masaru 88–9
Idei, Nobuyuki 271
identity
and employment 197–8
and manufacturing 170
under Meiji Restoration 50
and militarism 223
state identification system 288
Ienaga, Saburo 229–31
Iijima, Isao 138, 139–41, 157–8
Ikeda, Hayato 93
Imai, Noriaki 194–5, 196–7, 198, 199–201
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 308
Immelt, Jeff 272
immigration 165–7
Imperial Army, Japanese 70, 222, 230, 248
Inazo, Nitobe: Bushido, the Soul of Japan 52
income, per capita see living standards/per capita income
India 43, 60, 70, 119, 166, 173, 177, 206, 311, 317
Indonesia 56, 69, 73, 167, 173, 222, 311
Industrial Bank of Japan 99–100, 167
industry, Japanese
business practice see company culture and business practice
car see car industry
competitiveness 92
computer 94
and the culture of Japanese companies see company culture and business practice
electronics xxii, 94, 167, 170–71, 253, 330n40
‘hollowing out’ 169–74
managed industrial policy 82
manufacturing xvii, 36, 47, 148, 166, 169–73, 270–71, 285 see also specific industries
Meiji industrialization 66, 71
Ministry of Trade and Industry 86–8, 90, 94
modern default view of xxiii
nuclear see nuclear power and industry
pornography 194
and the post-industrial era 172–3
post-war: manufacturing 47, 86–9; revival 85–9; US dismantling of wartime industrial complex 84
productivity see productivity
recovery from debt 144
robotic 94
sex 194, 215 see also prostitution
shipbuilding 86
and the US 84–7
World War II destruction of 79, 83
and zaibatsu (business conglomerates) 81, 92
inflation 85, 94, 115, 124, 127, 306, 307, 309–10, 326n31
information disclosure campaign 287–8
interest rates 101, 102, 114, 126, 130, 144, 170, 306, 309
International Atomic Energy Agency scale 260
International Monetary Fund (IMF) 308
Inukai, Tsuyoshi 72–3
iodine-131, in Tokyo water supply 275
Ishihara, Shintaro 25, 63, 79, 222, 250, 311, 315
The Japan that Can Say No 250
Ishikawa, Yoshi 187–91
Ito, Masaya 95
Ito, Sei 73
Ito, Takatoshi 115, 124, 157, 162, 163
Iwakura Mission 86–7
Iwasaki, Natsumi 178–9
jakuniku-kyoshoku 67
Japan and the Japanese
Ainu people 49–50
as an archipelago 35
Asia and the withdrawal of 55–70, 81–2, 238, 245, 254
banking system see banking system
birth rates 161–2
and Britain see Britain: and Japan
burakumin caste 49
bureaucracy see bureaucracy/bureaucrats
business see company culture and business practice; industry, Japanese; productivity
capitalism see capitalism
and China see China/the Chinese: and Japan
civil society xxxiii, 71, 269, 284–9
company culture see company culture and business practice
constitution (AD 604) 58
constitution (1947, American-written) 55, 80, 85, 237, 239, 241, 242–4, 313–14
crime see crime
democracy see democracy
and the Dutch 32, 60, 61, 63, 241
earthquakes see earthquakes
economy see economy of Japan
education see education; higher education
egalitarianism see equality/inequality
employment see employment
energy imports 94
and the English language 33, 167
existential angst xxii
expansionism 53, 68 see also militarism, Japanese
fertility rates 160, 161–2, 164
feudal order see feudal caste system
finance ministry 123, 128, 142, 145
food see food
foreign residents in Japan 49, 317
fukoku kyohei (‘rich country, strong army’) 85, 316
Fukushima crisis see Fukushima Daiichi nuclear crisis
‘Galapagos syndrome’ 173
government bonds 124–5
and the Gulf War 55
Honshu 50
immigration 165–7
Imperial Army 70, 222, 230, 248
and the imperial family 50–51; attempt in 1932 to restore centrality of emperor 73; denial of divinity 80; emperor worship 47, 71, 73, 80; imperial ideology 70; quasi-fascist imperial cult 71, 73; surrender announcement by emperor, World War II 17, 79; unquestioning loyalty to emperor 50, 223
Imperial Household Agency 50–51
Imperial Rescript on Education (1890) 50
and Indochina 69, 73, 228, 335n12
industry see industry, Japanese
international relations 55–74 see also specific countries; attitudes to western learning and science 61–3, 64–5; and humiliation 73; and the League of Nations 69, 73; and the legacy of history and war 219–35; unequal treaties 55, 68
invasion attempts on Japan 32
and Iraq 240–42; hostages 194–7
and jakuniku-kyoshoku thinking 67
‘Japan bashing’ xx–xxi, xxviii, 246
Japanese living abroad 317
Jomon people 48–9
kokugaku movement 63
and Korea 32, 52, 58, 60, 68, 69, 87, 226; electronics industry and South Korea 167, 170, 172; ethnic Koreans 49, 165, 243; North Korean missiles 334n6; South Korea see South Korea: and Japan
labour force see employment: workforce
labour movement see labour movement
language xxiv; written Japanese 81
and the League of Nations 69, 73
life expectancy 160–61, 162, 330–31n14
and Manchuria see Manchuria: and Japan
Meiji Restoration see Meiji Restoration
militarism see militarism, Japanese
Ministry of Trade and Industry 86–8, 90, 94
modernization 50, 57, 59, 71, 316; and cultural loss 95; and identity 50, 52; Iwakura Mission 86–7; and MITI 86–8; Tokyo, following 1925 earthquake 77
national information disclosure bill 287–8
navy 74; vessel freeze 73; Yamato 86
‘non-Japanese’ population 49
Peace Preservation Law 72
poetry see poetry
political disenchantment 279–89
and the Portuguese 59–60
and the post-industrial era 172–3
post-war abnormality and normalization concepts and attempts 236–54
productivity see productivity
and racial homogeny myth 35, 36–7, 48–9
religious syncretism 33
resilience xx, xxvii, xxxii, xxxiii, 300, 305
retirement age 163
rigidity in social structure 172
and Russia see Russia: and Japan
savings see savings
sea’s influence on culture 34
Self Defence Forces see Self Defence Forces
sense of identity see identity
separateness and the culture of xxx, xxxii, 31–54; and Asian relations in light of Pacific War 219–35; and bushido (samurai code) 38–9; and defence from foreign ideas 31; and island status/Galapagos mentality 31, 32–5, 53–4; and lack of English 33; and the leaving of Asia 55–70, 81–2, 238, 245, 254; and mono no aware (sensitivity to the ephemeral) 40; and nationalism 47; and the Nihonjinron genre 36–7, 51, 52; and propaganda 46–7; sakoku (closed country) system 32; and uniqueness 35–7
social convention xxiv–xxv, 44
Social Masses Party 73
social trade-off model xxviii–xxx
and South Korea see South Korea: and Japan
Taisho era 71–2
tea ceremony xxiii
Tohoku region xx, 19–20, 25–8, 34, 283, 286, 304
Tokugawa period and shogunate 50, 56–7, 59–60
trains see trains
tsunamis see tsunamis
unemployment see unemployment rates
and the US see United States of America: and Japan
weapons 60–61
westernization 63–7, 68–9, 245; and humiliation 73; as a ‘western’/‘European’ power 55, 57; and western technology 34
women see women
World War II see World War II: Japan, the Pacific Campaign and
Yayoi people 48–9
youth see youth/young people
‘Japanization’ 115–16
Jaspers, Karl 44
Jerram, Richard 126
Johnson, Chalmers 97
Jomon people 48–9
Jose, F. Sionil 219
journalists, freelance 288–9
Juji, Nobuko 16
Juki Net 288
kabuki drama 38, 68, 109–10, 154, 157
Kaifu, Kozo 232
Kaletsky, Anatole 128–9
Kamakura Buddha 6
kamikaze pilots 21, 74, 79, 320–21n6
Kan, Naoto 16, 17–18, 241, 274, 282
Kandahar, Afghanistan xxxiii
Kaneko, Ryusuke 148
Kanno, Masaaki 310
Kanno, Sachiko 297
Kanno, Shuichi 296
Kashima, Shinto god 5
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear complex 266, 267
Keidanren 273
Kesennuma 188
Kim Sun-il 195
Kimura, Yasuko 23, 24, 293, 294, 295
Japan’s Quiet Transformation 287
Rain Falling on My Face 203
Kishi, Nobusuke 236
Kissinger, Henry xxviii
Kita Kyushu 147
Kiyama, Keiko 285–6
Kobayashi, Yotaro 235
Kobe earthquake xxxiii, 104, 106–7, 240, 284
Koizumi, Junichiro xxvi, xxxiv, 103, 129, 131–43, 144–59, 221, 234, 236, 279
postal privatization 139, 148, 149–53, 158–9
recovery of economy under 141–8
Koizumi, Junya 139
Koizumi, Kayoko 139
Koizumi, Kotaro 139
Koizumi, Yakumo see Hearn, Lafcadio
kokugaku movement 63
Koll, Jesper 125, 326n14, 331n23
Kono, Taro 272
Kono, Yohei 243
Koo, Richard 122, 125–6, 172–3, 207
Korea 32, 52, 58, 60, 68, 69, 226
ethnic Koreans in Japan 49, 165, 243
North Korean missiles 336n6
South see South Korea
Koriyama, Soichiro 194
Krusenstern, Adam Johann von: Voyage 61
Kure 86
Kuroda, Haruhiko 307–8
kuroko, kabuki drama 109–10
Kurosawa, Akira 176
Kuwait 55
Kyoto 27–8
nuclear power plant 274
labour see employment
labour movement 72
labour underclass 118
language
Lawblow (band) 295
Lawson (store chain) 166, 273, 309
Lehman Brothers collapse 103, 120, 126, 130, 154, 165, 282
Li Jianli 312
Liberal Democratic Party 103, 132, 133–5, 137, 140, 148, 149, 150–51, 153, 154, 280, 283, 317
‘road tribe’ 145–6
life expectancy 160–61, 162, 330–31n14
Little Boy exhibition 250
living standards/per capita income xxxiii, 95, 103, 113, 116, 117, 119–20, 122–3, 175, 178, 270, 309, 317, 342nn36–37
LNG xx
Lockheed 137
MacArthur, Douglas 32–3, 74, 80, 81, 222–3
McCarthy, Cormac: The Road 22
McDonald’s 309
Japan Through the Looking Glass 42, 45
maid cafés 194
Makihara, Minoru 271
Malraux, André 63
Manchukuo 70
Manchuria
Chinese invasion by 63
and Japan: 1905 invasion 68; 1931 invasion 73, 228; and the South Manchurian Railway 335n11
Manila massacre 228–9
manufacturing industry xxi, 36, 47, 148, 166, 169–73, 270–71, 285 see also specific industries
marriage 162, 164, 181, 193, 205, 207, 209–10, 211, 213, 290–91, 334n15
Marubeni 305
Marxism 72, 230, 237–8 see also communism
Matsumaru, Kazue 83
Matsumoto, Chizuo 108
Matsumoto, Hisashi 240
Matsumoto, Ryu 282–3
Matsutani, Mitsuko 16
nursing 166–7
Meiji Restoration 50, 56–7, 59, 66–7, 71, 73, 141, 150, 247, 303
fukoku kyohei (‘rich country, strong army’) 85, 316
Melville, Herman 60
Merkel, Angela 260
methane 305
Midway, battle of 74
Mihama nuclear power plant 267
Mihashi, Kaori 204
militarism, Japanese 70, 73, 80, 85, 87, 239, 244, 316
and Asian relations 220, 221, 223, 230; and the legacy of war 219–35
‘comfort women’ used by military 230, 243
and Japanese identity 223
Japanese objections to term ‘aggression’ 228, 230–31
and Japanese pacifist self-image 220, 224–5, 228, 230–31
as response to the West 39, 59, 69, 73–4
and war apologies 221–2, 235, 313
Yomiuri investigation of Japan’s war record 233
Minami, Ryo 305
Minamisanriku 14
Ministry of Finance 123, 128, 142, 145
Ministry of Trade and Industry (MITI) 86–8, 90, 94
Mitchell, David xxx
MITI (Ministry of Trade and Industry) 86–8, 90, 94
Mitsubishi Corporation 110, 271
Miura, Atsushi: Lower Class Society 155
Miura, Toshiaki 233–4, 283, 286
Miyachi, Masato 72
Miyake, Issey 90
Miyamoto, Yoshinaga 139
Monju fast-breeder reactor 266
Moody’s Investors Service 123, 124
Moon, Sun Myung, Unification Church 109
Mori, Joji: The Shell-less Egg 36
Mori, Motonari 307
Mori, Yoshiro 133
Mori Building Company 235
Morozumi, Yoshihiko 88
Murakami, Haruki xxii, xxiv, xxxiii, 51, 104–7, 109–10, 183–4
After the Quake 106–8
Murakami, Takashi 250
Murakami, Yoko 106
Nadeshiko (women’s soccer team) 206–7
Nagano 148
Nagaoka Clan 136
Nagoya 79
Nakahara, Kaori 214–15
Nakasone, Yasuhiro 102, 156–7, 225–6, 272
Nakayama, Nariaki 243
Nanjing/Nanking 58
Nara, Yoshitomo 246
Narita divorce 212
Nathan, John 89
Nehru, Jawaharlal 70
Netherlands see Holland/the Dutch
New York Times 174
NHK 273
Nihombashi 88
Niinami, Takeshi 309
Nikkei stock average 100, 117–18, 325n1
Nikon 86
Nippon Electric Company 90
Nippon Steel 90
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation 101
Nishida, Mrs xxiii
Nissan 87
Nixon, Richard 253
Noda, Yoshihiko 128, 283, 320n5
Nogi, Maresuke 71
Norway 120
Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency 265, 274
nuclear crisis at Fukushima see Fukushima Daiichi nuclear crisis
nuclear power and industry 200–201, 262–9
accidents/incidents: Chernobyl 260, 265, 275–6; Fukushima see Fukushima Daiichi nuclear crisis; Kashiwazaki-Kariwa 266, 267; Mihama 267; Tokai 266–7
after Fukushima 269–74
anti-nuclear popular sentiment 273–8, 304–5
cost of nuclear energy production 271–2
economics of using and abandoning nuclear power 270–72
energy compensation for abandoning 271
faking of safety data 266–7
and the ‘nuclear village’ 264–9, 272, 274, 277–8
phasing out policy 274
safety myth 266
Yoyogi Park protest 273
Nuremberg 225
nursing 166–7
Obuchi, Keizo 123
Odaka 257–9
Oe, Kenzaburo xxvi, 109, 248, 273
Ogata, Shijuro 19, 77–9, 81–2, 83–4, 104, 283
Oi nuclear power plant 269
Oita 287
Okakura, Kakuzo: The Book of Tea 52, 68
Okamoto, Yukio 270
US bases on 247, 248–9, 250–51
Okita, Saburo 84
‘Old Mother Green Tea’ 62
Olympic Games, Tokyo
1964 264
2020 317
Onamazu 5
Onda, Katsunobu 266
Onishi, Norimitsu 265
Ono, Taiichi 36–7
Onodera, Itsunori 312–13
OPEC oil embargo 94
Osawa, Machiko 210
Oshima, Kenichi 271–2
Osho (Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh) 109
Ota, Masahide 248
Oyama, Yoshimori 295–6
Ozu, Yasujiro: Tokyo Story 95
Pacific Campaign see World War II: Japan, the Pacific Campaign and
Pacific Ring of Fire 6
pacifism 55, 80, 85, 220, 224–5, 228, 230–31, 241, 242, 313–14
Pakistan 168
Paris Peace Conference (1919) 69
Park Geun-hye 206
Patrick, Hugh 165
pay 90, 93, 118, 127, 155, 166, 186, 213, 307, 309
discrimination against women 164–5, 205, 213
Peace Boat group 285
Peace Preservation Law 72
pensions 146, 161, 162–3, 331n19
per capita income see living standards/per capita income
Peres, Shimon 51
Pearl Harbor attack as Japanese revenge for 74
Philippines 57, 73, 119, 166, 167, 205, 219
Pitsuwan, Surin 313
PLA Daily 312
political disenchantment 279–89
population of Japan 119, 160–61, 168
pornography 194
Port Arthur 70
Portuguese 59–60
post office privatization 139, 148, 149–53, 158–9
Potsdam Declaration 252
Powell, Colin 196
Prestowitz, Clyde 97
prisoners of war 228–9
productivity xxx, 36, 90, 96, 120, 145, 164, 179, 307, 310, 331n25
property
housing see housing
prostitution 83–4
and ‘comfort women’ used by military 230, 243
and kabuki 68
public expenditure 145
public works 103, 127, 145–6, 148, 151, 155–6, 328n26
Qatar 82
Rajneesh, Bhagwan Shree 109
rangaku-sha (scholars of western learning) 62
gang 211
by US servicemen on Okinawa 248–9
Reagan, Ronald 97
recession
British 128
Japanese xxvi, 72, 103, 114, 120, 126, 128, 131, 183
US 102
Reischauer, Edwin 116
resilience xx, xxvii, xxxii, xxxiii, 300, 305
revisionists
and educational propaganda 230–33
and the Japanese economy 96–7
and school textbooks 230–31, 232–3
and World War II 225–9
rice riots 72
Rikuzentakata 3–5, 293, 294, 295–301
Capital Hotel 4, 5, 7, 12, 25, 26, 295–6
gymnasium 10–11
pines 3–4, 11, 26–8; Lone Pine (ippon matsu) 12, 299–301
reconstruction money 298
Takata Elementary School 10
Takata High School 10
tsunami of 1960 296
tsunami of 2011 xxxii, 7–12, 24–5, 293, 294, 296–9; clean-up operation 25–6, 296; commemoration of the dead 27–8; the dead and missing 10–11, 12, 20, 21, 27, 296, 297; government compensation 297; rebuilding 298–9
tsunamis in history 3
riots 72
robots 94
Rockefeller, Nelson 177
Rogoff, Kenneth 177
Ronald Reagan, USS 258
Cold War see Cold War
and Japan 312, 330–31n14, 335n11, 337n24, 341n16; Russo-Japanese war 64, 68, 70, 228
Ryukyu kingdom 49, 247 see also Okinawa
Saipan 74
Saito, Yosuke 260
Sakaguchi, Chikara 160
salaries see pay
samurai 37, 43, 50, 59, 61, 63, 71, 150
bushido (samurai code) 38–9, 138
‘samurai with a quiff’ see Koizumi, Junichiro
San Francisco 65
Peace Treaty (1951) 252
Sansom, George 58
Sapporo Snow Festival 239, 240
sarin 108–9
Sasaki, Kazuyoshi 4–5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 26–8, 295, 297–8, 299, 300
Sasaki, Miwako 11
Sato, Seizaburo 290–93
Satsuma 247
savings 163
cash hoarding 114–15
science, western 61, 62–3, 65, 85
vs Chinese 62–3
Scientology, Church of 109
Seike, Atsushi 164, 166, 331n27
Sekigahara, battle of 59
Self Defence Forces 194, 197, 239–42, 282, 286
Air 242
Maritime 241
Sengoku, Yoshito 271
Senkaku islands 251–3, 311–13, 316
Senoue, Toshiki 15, 20, 21, 25, 28, 175, 289
Seoul 221
workers 166
sex industry 194, 215 see also prostitution
shares 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 118, 130, 142, 143, 307, 308 see also stock market, Japan
Shenzhen 235
Shikibu, Murasaki: The Tale of Genji 208
Shimizu, Masataka 18, 267, 268
Shimizu, Yukio 5
Shimotsubo, Kumiko 180–83
Shinkansen bullet train 94
Shinto xxvii, 5–6, 33, 46–7, 226
shipbuilding industry 86
Shirahase, Sawako 283–4
shopping coupons 103
Shotoku, Prince 58
Showa era 141
end of 104
shushoku katsudo (graduate screening/mass hiring) 180–81, 192
single mothers 213
Social Darwinism 67
social equality see equality/inequality
Social Masses Party 73
social welfare 212, 213, 327n40
solar power 272–3
Son, Masayoshi 173, 272–3, 311
Sony 88–90, 167, 170–72, 173, 271
Soros, George 98
South Korea 129, 162, 205, 206
and Japan xxx, 83, 129, 252, 323n9, 337n24, 342n37; and Abe 312; co-hosting of 2002 World Cup 231; and ‘comfort women’ 243; continuing hatred of Japanese 219; electronics industry 167, 170, 172; Seoul demonstration at Koizumi’s Yasukuni pilgrimage 221; trade 172
Speed (film) 176
Sprint Nextel 311
Standard & Poor’s 123
state identification system 288
state pensions 146, 161, 162–3, 329n19
stock market, Japan 114, 115, 117–18, 143, 307, 308 see also shares
Nikkei stock average 100, 117–18, 325n1
suffrage 72
Sugimoto, Yoshio xxviii, 50, 122, 197
Sugita, Gempaku 62
Sulzberger Ice Shelf 8
Sumitomo Chemical 90
Sun Yat-sen 70
Susquehanna, USS 66
Switzerland xx–xxi
Tafel Anatomia 62
Tahara, Sochiro 134
Taisho, emperor of Japan 71
Taisho era 71–2
Takahashi, Kageyasu 61
Takamura, Kotaro 74
Takashi, Yoshiaki 288
Takato, Nahoko 194
Takenaka, Heizo 134, 135, 138, 140, 141–4, 147
Tanaka, Kakuei 137
Tanaka, Naoki 56–7
Tanaka, Yasuo 146
Tanaka, Yoshikazu 170
Tanigaki, Sadakazu 282
tansu savings 114
Tase, Yasuhiro 137–8
Tasker, Peter 124–5
sales tax increases 283
Taya, Teizo 326n11
tea ceremonies xxiii
Tepco (Tokyo Electric Power Company) 14–15, 17–18, 19, 262–4, 282
contract worker use at Fukushima 265–6
faking of safety data 266–7
lack of transparency over Fukushima 267, 268
nationalization of 274
and the parliamentary enquiry 261, 266
terrorism 104, 108–9, 189, 195
Thatcher, Margaret 141
toads 99–100
Toba, Taiga 10
Tohoku xx, 19–20, 25–8, 34, 283, 286, 304
Tokai nuclear power plant 18, 266–7
Tokugawa shogunate 59–60, 61–2, 63
Iemitsu Tokugawa 60
Ieyasu Tokugawa 59
Yoshimune Tokugawa 61–2
2011 earthquake 7, 13, 15–17, 18–19, 25
Chateau Joel Robuchon 213
as a collection of villages xxv
energy conservation 270
and Fukushima Daiichi 17–18; contingency evacuation plans 263
Ginza 101
Grand Hyatt Hotel 203
Hibiya Public Hall 77
Higashi Kitazawa 113
iodine-131 in water supply 275
post-World War II 83–4
power shortages after the quake 15–16, 18
property prices 101
Shibuya 188
terrorist attack (1995) 104, 108–9
Tower 94
War Crimes Tribunal 81, 225, 227–8
World War II bombing 70, 77, 79, 304
Tokyo Electric Power Company see Tepco
Tokyo Story 95
Tomizuka, Kiyoshi 85
Toyoda, Akio 169–70
Toyoda, Eiji 92
Toyoda, Kiichiro 87
Toyota 87, 92, 145, 170, 235, 270, 309–10, 317
TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) 283, 310, 316
bullet trains 34, 94, 137, 198, 270; in Speed/Shinkansen Explosion 176
underground 304
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) 283, 310, 316
Tsujimoto, Kiyomi 285
2011 tsunami xix, xx, xxi, 7–12, 13–14; the dead and missing 10–11, 12, 20, 21, 27, 296, 297; devastation 9, 11–12, 14, 21–6, 291, 298; and the economy 120, 315–16; and ETIC 188; freelance journalists during 288–9; nuclear crisis after see Fukushima Daiichi nuclear crisis; psychological effect on Japan 282–9, 304–5, 315–16; and public dissatisfaction with the Democratic Party and the political class 279–89; Rebuild Japan Initiative Foundation 264; rebuilding homes, lives and communities after 291–301; Rikuzentakata see Rikuzentakata; Self Defence Forces deployment after 240, 282, 286; volunteer helpers 284–5, 294
divine protection from 298
following Chile earthquake 24, 296
Hokusai woodblock prints 8
Tsunoda, Tadanobu 40
Ugaki, Kazushige 72
unemployment rates xxix, 85, 120, 165
Unification Church 109
Communist 237
United Nations
Gender Inequality Index 205, 334nn3–4
Security Council 55
United States of America
9/11 terrorist attacks 189, 195
Cold War see Cold War
economic opportunity for women 205
economy xxxi–xxxiv, 119, 120, 128–9, 130, 145; Japanese threat 96–8; national debt xxi, 126–8
exceptionalism 35
foreign business acquisitions 174
Gulf War (1990) 55
and Japan xxxii, 32–3, 36, 46, 53, 55, 64–5, 249–51, 253–4; and Afghanistan 241; atomic bombing 34, 70, 74, 79, 224; ban on ‘collective self-defence’ 238, 241; Black Ships of Perry 64, 238, 303; and Chinese relations 238–9, 313, 316; and the Cold War 81, 84, 104, 239, 246; constitution of Japan 55, 80, 85, 237, 239, 241, 242–4, 313–14; and economic threat to the US 96–8; GIs and prostitutes 83–4; and Hatoyama and his government 244–7, 250–51, 253–4; and Hirohito 223; and industry 84–7, 91–2; and Iraq 240–41; and its post-war economy 83–6; Japanese economy and the US dollar 101–2; Japanese fear of US culture 189; Japanese view of US work ethic 96; and the Korean War 85–6, 239; Nadeshiko (soccer team) victory 206–7; oil embargo in response to Japanese offensive in Indochina 73; and Okinawa bases 247, 248–9, 250–51; Pearl Harbor attack 73–4, 78; and Perry 61, 64, 66, 74; post-war subordination to US 32–3, 74, 80–81, 82, 222–3, 290; reverse course policy 81, 236; San Francisco Peace Treaty (1951) 252; Security Treaty 93, 236–7, 313; and the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands 252, 313, 316; ‘sympathy budget’ for US troops 247; US–Japan Status of Forces Agreement 248–9; and US Freedom of Information Act 287; and US nuclear-armed warships 246; World War II 36, 69–70, 73–4, 77, 78–80, 290 see also World War II: Japan, the Pacific Campaign and; and the Yoshida Doctrine 85, 249; zaibatsu break-up 81, 92
life expectancy 161
recession 102
steel industry 86–7
Trans-Pacific Partnership 283, 310, 316
violent crime 96
women workers 164
World War II 36, 69–70, 74, 77, 78–80, 290
violence 104, 122, 204, 210 see also terrorism
domestic 211–12
rape see rape
US 96
Vogel, Ezra 158
Voice 244
volunteer sector/volunteers 281, 284–6, 294
Wada, Shinichiro 211
wages see pay
Wall Street Journal 127
war criminals, Class-A 221, 225–6
Waseda University: Super Free club 211
Watanabe, Tsuneo 233
weapons 60–61
Wen Jiabao 235
Wilson, Woodrow 69
Wolf, Martin 115
Wolferen, Karel van: The Enigma of Japanese Power 97
women
behind the silk screen 202–16
child-raising 206
economic opportunity in Japan 204–5
and equality 202–16; discrimination 164–5, 205, 206–7, 213; UN Gender Inequality Index 205, 334nn3–4
and gender-specific role division 204
increasing power of 207–12
Japanese hostage in Iraq 194
legislators 205–6
and marriage 162, 164, 181, 205, 207, 209–10, 211, 213; and change of name 205
Nadeshiko team (soccer) 206–7
single mothers 213
socializing 214–16
and sport 206–7
workers 164–5, 181–2, 205, 206, 212–13, 214, 331nn26–27
work and workforce see employment
World Cup (2002) 231
World Trade Organization 156
World War II
Germany’s dealing with its history 219, 220–21, 222, 223, 224
Japan, the Pacific Campaign and 36, 69–70, 74, 77, 78–80; apologies for wartime atrocities 221–2, 235, 313; and Asian relations in light of Pacific War 219–35; atomic bombing 34, 70, 74, 79, 224; avoidance of full colonization after 32–3; battle of Midway 74; battle of Okinawa 74, 79, 248; guilt washed away with nuclear destruction 224; industrial destruction 79, 83; kamikaze pilots 21, 74, 79, 320–21n6; Pearl Harbor attack 73–4, 78; post-war subordination to US 32–3, 74, 80–81, 82, 222–3, 290; Potsdam Declaration 252; POW treatment 228–9; recovery from defeat xxii, 290; revisionist history 225–9; surrender 17, 32–3, 74, 79; Tokyo bombing 70, 77, 79, 304; Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal 81, 225, 227–8; unearthing wartime atrocities 229–31; US strafing 290; victimhood sense 224–5; war record glorification 222; war reparations 84, 221
and the US 36, 69–70, 73–4, 77, 78–80, 290
Wright, Frank Lloyd 180
Xi Jinping 312
Xi’an 312
yakuza gang 107
Yamada, Masahiro 191–2, 193–4, 211
Yamaguchi 236
Yamashita, Shunichi 276
Yamato 86
Yamazaki, Heitazaemon 3
Yanagisawa, Hakuo 211
Yanai, Tadashi 118–19
Yasukuni shrine 221, 225–7, 234, 235, 244, 313
Yayoi people 48–9
yen strength 101–2, 145, 169, 270, 307, 308–9
Yokohama 64
Yomiuri 233
youth/young people
alternative lifestyles 197–8
and Asian relations 219
Chinese youth nationalism 219
divorce 212
employment of young people 181–3, 185–6, 189–91
‘frozen out’ of Japanese system 180, 194
hikikomori (recluses) 190–91
job seeking 180–82
move from unrealistic Japanese Dream 180–201
as non-consumers 174–5
and pensions 331n19
shushoku katsudo (screening/mass hiring of graduates) 180–81, 192
and the slowing economy 123, 174–5, 183
unemployment rates 165, 332n32
young Japanese hostages in Iraq 194–7
‘yutori generation’ 190
Yoyogi Park protest 273
yuai (fraternity) 244–5
yutori (‘anything goes’)
education 333n2
generation 190
zaibatsu (business conglomerates) 81, 92
Zambia 199
Zhan Qixiong 252–3
Zhou Enlai xxviii
Zushi 298