Abatement, plea in, 100–101, 129
Aberdeen, Lord (British foreign secretary), 205
Abolitionists, in U.S., 7–9, 11–12, 30ff., 45ff., 53, 57, 60ff., 76–78, 80–81, 83, 85–88, 90–91, 94ff., 105–7, 109, 111, 113, 116–17, 119–22, 133ff., 141–43, 148ff., 153, 155–56, 163ff., 175, 182–83, 186, 188, 192ff., 209–10, 216, 218–19, 222n.5, 229n.43, 240n.42, 243n.53; Christian, 8, 12, 32–33, 38–39, 79–80, 218; evangelical, 8, 10, 12, 33, 39–40, 45; in England, 17, 20, 22, 53, 64, 85, 93, 99, 137–40, 177, 207, 244n.8, 253n.5
Adams, Charles Francis, 248n.7
Adams, John Quincy (former president and member of House of Representatives from Mass.), 22, 45, 81–83, 102, 144, 172, 174, 188, 197–99, 203–5, 212–13, 215–16, 247n.43, 248n.7, 252–53n.1; and charge of White House mistranslation of Spanish documents, 145ff; asked to defend Amistad captives before U.S. Supreme Court, 153–54; preparations for Amistad trial before the U.S. Supreme Court, 155ff., 248n.7; argues Amistad case before U.S. Supreme Court, 12–13, 175–82, 183–84, 186, 191–95, 250n.17; does not have manuscript of defense argument ready for publication in Reports of U.S. Supreme Court, 250n.17, 252n.53; death, 214
Adams-Onís Treaty (1819), 51, 66, 68, 144, 180, 186, 189
Admiralty court, 7, 73, 95, 101, 129, 173
Africa, 5, 8, 19–20, 23, 33, 52, 65, 67, 114, 116, 130–34, 140, 149, 168–69, 189, 196, 203; slave trade, 7, 10, 14ff., 21, 29–30, 35–36, 40, 45, 47–48, 51, 55–56, 59–62, 66, 68ff., 75–77, 81, 84, 88, 90, 100, 103, 107, 109, 112, 120–22, 124–25, 127, 131, 133, 136–39, 141, 144–46, 150, 157, 159, 162, 164–67, 172–74, 180, 187–88, 190–93, 195, 198–99, 204, 208, 210–12, 216, 224n.19, 233n.14, 241n.10, 253n.5; “factories” in, 14; “Settler subagents” in, 14; Middle Passage in African slave trade, 14, 26, 105, 123; founding of Christian mission in, 205
African Chief. See Bryant, William Cullen
Alabama, 170
Alexander, George W. (British abolitionist), 198
Almodóvar, Count (Spanish first minister of state), 208
Amalgamation, of races, 34, 38–39, 96–97, 152
American Antislavery Society, 32, 38
American Colonization Society, 33, 36, 96, 167–68, 204
American Missionary Association, 255n.27
American Revolution, 98, 155, 172, 174, 181, 196
Amistad, 4ff., 23, 25ff., 36, 40–42, 46ff., 69–71, 74–75, 77ff., 88–91, 93–94, 96–97, 99, 106ff., 115, 117–18, 121ff., 138, 140–41, 145–46, 148, 150, 153ff., 164–65, 167, 196, 200, 202, 205, 244n.8; as salvage, 7, 29–30, 37, 50–51, 63, 67, 73, 82, 95, 100–102, 104, 119, 128–30, 135, 158, 191, 208; mutiny on, 9, 11–12, chap. 1 (esp. 24–26), 27, 29, 31, 35, 44, 48–50, 60–61, 66, 68, 78, 81, 85, 103–4, 109–10, 123–26, 130–32, 139, 142, 149, 158, 162–63, 190, 203, 209–12, 229n.43, 242n.46; as prize, 28, 37, 61, 102, 204; argument before U.S. Supreme Court, chap, 10; Supreme Court decision (1841), 13, 188–93, 195, 197–99, 203–4, 206ff., 215 (see also Story, Justice Joseph); claims issue with Spain. See Spain
Amistad Case, The, 198
“Amistad Committee, ” 39–41, 44, 49, 95, 133, 149, 151–52, 165–66, 169, 195, 197–99, 204, 255n.27
Amory Hall (Boston), 149
Anglo-Spanish Treaty (1817), 7, 12, 16, 18–19, 23, 45, 52, 78, 96, 108, 118–19, 127, 130–31, 138–40, 143–44, 162ff., 172, 187, 198, 208; (1835), 20, 52, 72, 78, 96, 118–19, 139–40, 143, 162–63, 165, 172, 198, 208
Antelope (U.S. Supreme Court decision of 1825), 59, 61, 70, 74–75, 82, 117, 133, 167, 172, 178, 181, 187
Anti-abolitionists, 9, 34, 80, 86, 106
Antislavery movement, in U.S., 8–9, 12, 31ff., 37–40, 77, 97, 99, 153, 193, 202, 211, 217–18
Antonio, 5, 23ff., 29, 36, 103, 121, 125–27, 133–34, 199–200, 206–7
Arabic, 108
Argaiz, Pedro Alcántara de (Spanish minister to U.S:), 87–89, 93, 111–12, 116, 119, 140–41, 159–63, 176, 180, 184, 206ff., 237n.29
Arkansas, 213
Asia, 22
Bacon, Rev. Leonard (abolitionist), 81, 85, 149, 202
Bahoo (native African), testifies that three female Amistad captives were Mandingoes, 233n.14
Baldwin, Justice Henry (of U.S. Supreme Court), 170; dissents from U.S. Supreme Court decision in Amistad case, 188
Baldwin, Roger S. (chief defense attorney for Amistad captives), 7, 35–37, 40, 43–45, 68ff„ 74–75, 86, 100–101, 103–4, 117–18, 120–21, 125–26, 134, 141ff., 148, 150ff., 156–58, 167, 169, 176, 190, 194–95, 199–201, 203–4, 214, 219, 250n.9; argues Amistad case before U.S. Supreme Court, 172–75, 182–83, 191, 197; compensation for services, 197–98
Baltimore, 23
Bandaboo (Africa), 233n.14
Banna (Amistad captive), 197
Barbour, Justice Philip P. (of U.S. Supreme Court), 171, 173, 182
Barracoon, 16, 17, 21–23, 55, 105, 107–9, 127, 180
Benton, Sen. Thomas Hart (Missouri), 231n.15
Bill of Rights, to U.S. Constitution, 233n.4
Birney, James G. (abolitionist), 151, 156
Black Schooner or the Private Slaver “Amistad, ” The (play), 156
Black Warrior affair, between U.S. and Spain, 217
Blackstone, Sir William (English legal scholar), 218–19
Blair and Rives (printing house), 147
Blanco, Pedro (slave trader in Havana), 14, 195
Bolívar, Simón 41
Boston, 29, 36, 38, 40, 45, 65, 81, 125, 149, 152–54
Boston Liberator, 8, 96, 134, 150–51
“Boston Massacre, ” 155
Bozales, 22, 104–5, 107–9, 118, 122, 130–31, 140, 143, 146, 175, 210, 212
Brainard, W. F. (attorney), 104, 120
British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, 137–40, 198, 205, 244n.8, 253n.5
Broadway Tabernacle (New York City), 149
Brooklyn Navy Yard, 28
Brown v. Maryland (1827), 232n.28
Bryant, William Cullen (abolitionist), 66
Buchanan, James, deals with Amistad claims issue with Spain: as secretary of state, 213–14; as president, 217–18, 258n.54
Burnah (Amistad captive), 24ff., 102–3, 124, 126
Butler, Benjamin F. (attorney), 89, 92, 215
Butler, Charles, 22
Buxton, Sir Thomas F. (British abolitionist), 20
Buzzard (British warship), 43, 121–22, 241n.25
Calderón de la Barca, Angel (Spanish minister to U.S.), 50–51, 57, 162, 179, 184, 212–13, 217
Calhoun, Sen. John C. (S.C.), 10, 168, 213; Senate resolutions of 1840, 54, 141, 184–85, 231n.15
Canada, boundary question with U.S., 52, 58, 182
Canterbury (Conn.), 96
Caribbean, 5, 17, 22–23, 27, 53, 78, 162, 213
Caroline (American steamboat), 182
Carrias, Saturnio, 107
Cass, Lewis (secretary of state), deals with Amistad claims issue with Spain, 218
Castlereagh, Lord (British foreign secretary), 144
Catron, Justice John (of U.S. Supreme Court), 170
Celestino (cook on Amistad), 5, 23ff., 85, 124, 126, 203, 210
Channing, William Ellery (abolitionist), 107
Charleston, 53
Charleston Courier, 195
Chase, Repres. Salmon P. (Ohio), 215–16
Chester, E. W. (attorney), 32 Choate, Rufus (attorney): asked to defend Amistad captives before circuit court, 40; asked to defend Amistad captives before U.S. Supreme Court, 152–53; views on Amistad case, 229n.43
“Christian abolitionists.” See Abolitionists
Cinqué, Joseph (leader of Amistad mutiny), 109, 126; captured in Africa, 15–16; arrival in Cuba, 15–16, 22; bought in Cuba, 23, 85; leads mutiny, 5, 24–26, 85, 103, 127, 149, 174, 210; arrival in New York, 5–7, 27–28, 31, 44, 67, 102–3, 124; public image, 29, 42, 48–49, 57, 66, 83–84; in New Haven jail, 41, 65, 108, 122, 154; examined by phrenologist, 42–43; suit against Montes and Ruiz, 86, 89–91; testifies in district court, 123–24, 193; in Westville jail, 158, 166, 200; reaction to U.S. Supreme Court decision, 196–97; in probate court, 201–2; in Farmington, 203; referred to as Black Prince, 203; portrait, 228n.33; public appearance to raise money for transportation home to Africa, 253n.5; returns to Africa, 205, 255n.27
Cinqué v. Ruiz (1840), 91
Circuit court, U.S. (in Conn.), 29–30, 57, 63ff., 80, 82, 88, 91, 95, 100, 103, 113, 115, 122, 127–28, 132–33, 135, 141ff., 151, 170–71, 176, 178, 188, 204, 219
Citizenship question, of free blacks in U.S. See Free blacks
Civil War (American), 12, 64, 98, 101, 196, 218
Clay, Sen. Henry (Kentucky), 216, 258n.54
Cleveland, William P. (attorney), 120
Colombia, 41
Colonial Office, British, 105
Colonization. See American Colonization Society
Color (and slavery), 8ff., 32, 38, 69, 77, 83, 85, 93, 95, 97–98, 123, 143, 149, 167, 193
Comet (American slaver), 53–54
Comity, 58, 73, 171, 174, 208–9; defined, 232n.23
Committee on Foreign Affairs. See Representatives, House of
Committee on Foreign Relations. See Senate
Compromise of 1850, 258n.54
Confederation, Articles of, and citizenship question involving free blacks, 238n.11
Conflict-of-laws. See Story, Justice Joseph
Conflict of rights. See Story, Justice Joseph
Congolese, 41
Congress, U.S., 11, 51, 82, 145, 173, 185, 204–6, 211, 214, 217–18
Congress of Vienna (1815), 18
Congressional law of 1819, 68, 73, 76–77, 82–83, 88, 112, 131–32, 134, 141, 188–89; of 1837, 170
Connecticut, 7, 28–29, 32, 37–38, 41, 44, 57, 59, 63–64, 67, 69, 71–72, 75, 80, 82, 84, 86, 96, 99–101, 103–4, 119, 121, 132–33, 137, 144, 150, 152, 158, 176, 179, 196, 234n.30
“Connecticut Black Law” (1833), 97–98
Connecticut Observer, 149
Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors, 98–99
Constitution, U.S., 61, 64, 89, 142, 148, 179, 190, 233n.4, 245n.16; and slavery, 10–11, 37, 96–97, 173, 185, 211, 235n.14, 249n.2; Fourteenth Amendment, 98; and citizenship of free blacks, 98–99, 238n.11; due process guarantees of, 113–14, 119
Constitutional Convention (1787), 37, 173
Covey, James, 43, 104, 111, 121–23, 125–26, 201, 205, 210, 241n.25, 255n.27
Crandall, Prudence, 96–99, 229n.43
Creole (American coastal slaver), slave mutiny, 208–9
Cuba, 5, 7–8, 14–15, 26, 31, 36, 44, 50, 55, 62, 70–72, 88, 92, 110, 112ff., 118, 122, 130, 132–33, 135–37, 148, 150–51, 160, 163ff., 168, 170, 174, 177, 179, 191, 210, 215, 243n.46; British interest in, 12, 22, 52–53, 78, 96, 138–40, 156, 162, 165, 205, 208–9; U.S. interest in, 12, 53, 78, 138, 156, 163, 165, 196, 205, 207–9, 211, 217–18, 258n.53; slave trade in, 16, 18ff., 35, 41, 45, 47, 54, 68–69, 73, 93–94, 99, 104ff., 117, 119, 125, 127–28, 131, 139, 158–59, 180, 187, 190, 198–99, 207, 209, 224n.9; Trespassos (passports) in slave trade on island, 21, 108; Anglo-Spanish mixed commission to halt slave trade, 16, 18, 22, 99, 105, 108–9, 119, 127, 207; fear of slave rebellions, 19, 21, 53, 78, 109, 207–8; claims issue with U.S. and complications over Amistad claims by Spain, 218, 259n.59
Culloden Point (New York), 3, 103, 129
Curtis, Associate Justice Benjamin R. (of U.S. Supreme Court), dissents in Dred Scott case over citizenship question involving free blacks in U.S., 238n.11
Day, Professor George E. (abolitionist), 85, 125, 203, 210
Declaration of Independence, 31, 37, 81, 98, 155, 157, 172, 174, 176, 181
Democratic party, 40, 53, 55, 57, 60, 84, 88, 96, 100, 147, 156, 170, 209, 211, 213, 216
District court, U.S. (in Conn.), 66ff., 74, 76–78, 80–81, 83–84, 95–97, 99ff., 111–13, 115, 118ff., 136–37, 140–41, 144–45, 150, 157, 159, 175, 178, 188–89, 196–97, 204
Dodge, Augustus (U.S. minister to Spain), 218
Domicile. See Slavery
Douglas, Sen. Stephen A. (Ill), 258n.54
Dred Scott. See Scott, Dred
Due process. See Constitution, U.S.
Easton, Rev. Joshua (abolitionist), 32
“Egyptian Catacombs” (New York City prison), 48
Election, presidential, of 1836, 156; of 1840, 12, 36, 47, 53, 57–58, 62, 89, 93, 95, 113–15, 119, 132, 136–37, 141–42, 148, 152, 155–56, 160, 215, 231n.15; of 1844, 211; of 1848, 205, 215
Ellsworth, Gov. William W. (Conn.), 44, 67, 97–98, 120, 229n.43
Emancipation, 18, 33, 38, 54, 83, 86, 106, 175, 187, 208; immediate, 8, 32–34, 96; gradual, 32–34
Emancipator (publication of American Antislavery Society), 32, 35, 61, 66, 77, 91, 93, 116, 120, 151, 195, 203, 229n.43, 236n.21
Emancipator (British), 244n.8
Encomium (American slaver), 53–54
England, 53, 56, 58, 64, 85, 98, 100, 105, 119, 137–40, 142, 162, 164, 182, 198, 213; interest in Cuba (See Cuba); efforts to suppress African slave trade, 14, 16, 18, 20, 23, 26, 31, 55–56, 89, 104, 121, 174–75, 198; emancipates slaves in West Indies, 54, 78, 106, 163, 185, 208; efforts to intervene in Amistad case, 180–81
Enterprise (American slaver), 53–54
Eugénie. See La Jeune Eugénie
Evangelical abolitionists. See Abolitionists
Ex Parte Tobias Watkins (1830), 233n.4
Farmington (Conn.), 165–66, 202
Federalism, 98
Ferrer, Don Joaquin María de (Spanish minister of foreign affairs), 163
Ferrer, Capt. Ramón (of Amistad), 5, 23ff., 29, 44, 49, 103, 124ff., 133, 158, 203, 210
Fessenden, Sen. William (Maine), 217
“Fiat Justitia, ” 94
Filibustering, in Cuba, 217
Foone (Amistad captive), 203
Fordham, Peietiah, 102
Forsyth, John (secretary of state), 36, 50, 55–57, 62, 67, 88–89, 93, 106, 109, 111ff., 118, 138, 141, 143–45, 148, 150, 158–60, 162, 164–65, 176ff., 181, 184, 192, 198, 206–7
Founding Fathers, 173
Fowler, L. n. (phrenologist), 42–43
Fox, Henry S. (British minister in Washington), 56, 138–39, 163–65, 180–81, 205
Franklin, Benjamin, 38
Free blacks: in U.S., 11, 33, 38, 56, 95, 97–98, 150, 169, 193; in Cuba, 19–21, 128; U.S. citizenship question of, 97–99, 134, 238n.11
Fugitive slaves. See Slavery
Fulah [Fuliwa] v. Ruiz (1840), 91
Fuliwa (or Fulah, Amistad captive), 149–50; suit against Montes and Ruiz, 86, 91, 124
“Gag rule, ” in House of Representatives, 211–12
Gallinao, 41
Gallinas River (Africa), 14, 43
Garrison, William Lloyd (abolitionist), 8, 45, 81, 96–97, 106, 182, 222n.5
Geddes, Thomas S. (compositor at Blair and Rives printing house), 147
Gedney, Lt. Thomas R. (of USS Washington), 3, 4, 7, 28–30, 37, 44, 64, 66ff., 71, 73, 75–77, 80–83, 100–104, 114–16, 118ff., 124, 128–30, 132, 157, 159, 179, 191, 198, 204, 210–12, 248n.7
General Antislavery Convention, in London (1843), 64
Gentleman (American barque), transports Amistad blacks back to Africa, 205
Ghent, Treaty of (1814), 70, 150, 164
Gibbs, Professor Josiah W., 43, 122–23, 126
Giddings, Repres. Joshua (Ohio), 211–12, 214, 217
Gilpin, Henry D. (attorney general), 141, 154; argues Amistad case before U.S. Supreme Court, 171–72, 180, 182–89
González, Don Antonio (Spanish minister of foreign affairs), 208
Grabeau (co-conspirator in Amistad mutiny), 24–25, 28, 85, 124, 126, 154, 210
Grampus, USS (American naval vessel), 112, 114–16, 119, 128, 135–37, 150–52, 177–78
Great Britain. See England
“Great Writ.” See Habeas corpus, writ of
Green, Henry, 28, 44, 67, 101–3, 118, 120, 124, 129
Greenhow, Robert (State Department translator), 146–47
Grosvenor, Rev. Cyrus P. (abolitionist), 137–38
Grotius, Hugo (Dutch theorist on international law), 161
Groves v. Slaughter (1841), 10, 153, 235n.14
Grundy, Felix (attorney general), 57–60, 111, 171, 178, 188
Guanaja (Cuba), 5
Habeas corpus, writ of, 37, 44–45, 61, 63ff., 71–72, 74ff., 80, 82–83, 87, 135, 143, 165–66, 178, 180, 199–201, 233n.4; defined, 228n.32
Hale, Sen. John P. (n.H.), 216
Hanson, Augustus, 68
Harrison, William Henry, 156, 182, 192, 204
Hartford (Conn.), 29, 64–66, 77, 79–80, 84–85, 95, 97, 99, 102, 104, 107, 111, 127, 135, 154, 157, 171, 202, 205, 254n.12
Hartford Patriot and Democrat, 137
Havana, 5, 14, 16–18, 20–23, 27, 29–30, 35–36, 43, 55, 58, 60–61, 73, 75, 85, 92, 104ff., 112, 114, 116, 119, 121, 123–24, 126–27, 137, 139, 146, 158, 163, 179, 187, 197, 199–200, 210, 216
Higher law, 9, 11, 12, 66, 78, 218
Hitchcock, Judge Samuel (of probate court), 200–202
Holabird, William S. (district attorney in Conn.), 57, 62, 67, 72–73, 75–77, 88, 103, 109, 112ff., 120, 122, 125, 127, 132, 135–36, 150–51, 158–60, 176–78, 190, 198
Hone, Philip, 86
Houston, Sam, 53
Human rights, 11, 30, 63–64, 156, 166, 169, 174, 176, 191, 194
Hungerford, William (prosecuting attorney against Amistad captives), 66–67, 72
Hyde, John Jay, 157
Illinois, 258n.54
“Immediatists.” See Emancipation
Impressment, 174
Ingersoll, Charles A. (attorney), 200–201, 254n.12
Ingersoll, Repres. Charles J. (Penn.), 254n.12; heads Committee on Foreign Affairs dealing with Amistad claims by Spain, 209, 211–14, 216
Ingersoll, Ralph (prosecuting attorney against Amistad captives), 67–68, 70–71, 74, 200–201, 244n.2, 254n.12
Inglis, Judge [?], 89–91, 236n.21
International law. See Law of nations
Irving, Washington (U.S, minister in Madrid), 208–9
Isham, Gen. [?], 100, 104, 120–21, 128
Jackson, President Andrew (1829–37), 31, 53, 96, 100, 106, 170, 240n.42
Jamaica, 106
Janes, Dwight P. (abolitionist), 35–36, 85, 120–21
Jay, John, 45
Jay, Judge William (abolitionist), 45, 146, 161, 168
Jefferson, Thomas, 148
Jeffersonian-Jacksonian compromise, 9
Jocelyn, Nathaniel, 133, 228n.33
Jocelyn, Rev. Simeon (abolitionist), 7–8, 37, 39, 45, 133, 165, 195, 202, 228n.33
Judiciary Act (1789), 64, 233n.4, 245n.16
Judson, U.S. District Court Judge Andrew T., 199, 214, 242–43n.46; hearing on USS Washington, 29–30, 35, 120–21; presides (with Smith Thompson) over circuit court, 63, 67; presides over district court, 77, 80, 84, 89, 94, 96, 99ff., 112, 120ff., 136–37, 140–41; involvement in Prudence Crandall case, 96–98; presides (with Thompson) over circuit court appeal of Amistad district court decision, 142
Justice, 8–9, 12, 36, 45, 48–49, 51, 55, 61–62, 74, 81, 85, 89, 94, 105, 109, 117, 134, 137, 155–56, 160, 167, 169, 172, 176–77, 182, 187, 190ff., 198, 204, 206, 215, 219
Kale (Amistad captive), 157–58, 197, 203, 253n.5
Kaw-Mende, Christian mission established in Africa by American Missionary Association, 255n.27
Kendall, Amos (postmaster general), 57
Kent, Chancellor James (jurist from n.Y.), 51, 58
Kentucky, 216
Key, Francis Scott, 166–67, 181
Kinna (Amistad captive), 157–58, 197, 200, 202
Kissi (tribe in Africa), 41
Konoma (Amistad captive), 41, 149
Kossa. See Mende
La Jeune Eugénie (1822), 73, 133, 171–72, 187, 243n.52
La Misericordia, 108
Ladinos, 22–23, 29, 107–8, 118, 130–31, 145–47, 174–75, 210, 212
Law of nations, 11, 47, 51, 56, 58–61, 66, 72, 141–42, 161–62, 167, 172, 180, 184–85, 190–93, 209, 211
Law of nature. See Natural law
Leach, Repres. DeWitt (Mich.), 217
Leavitt, Rev. Joshua (abolitionist), 7–8, 35, 39, 41–42, 45, 64, 168–69, 194–95, 197–98, 203, 205
Legaré, Hugh (attorney general), 208
Libel, 78; suit by Gedney et al. for Amistad and cargo, 30, 66, 69, 100–101, 118; suit by Green et al. for Amistad and cargo, 67, 118; suit by Montes for Amistad captives, 67–68; suit by U.S. government for restoration of Amistad captives to Spanish owners, 68, 158–59; suit by Vega for Antonio, 125
Liberator. See Boston Liberator
Liberia, 96
Liberty, 8, 12, 30, 33, 39–40, 43, 45, 47–48, 60–61, 64, 71, 74, 77–78, 81–83, 100–101, 103–6, 117–18, 120, 122, 130–31, 139, 153, 155, 164, 168–69, 178, 181, 190, 192, 195, 204, 211–12, 223n.11, 229n.43; universal, 11, 80, 169, 202
Liberty party, 156
Lomboko (Africa), 14, 121, 123–24
London. See England
London Times, 139
Long Island (n.Y.), 3, 28, 102, 134
Loring, Ellis Gray (abolitionist), 45, 81–83, 102, 118, 153–54, 157
Louisiana, 53
Ludlow, Rev. Henry G. (abolitionist), 134, 197, 204
McKay, Repres. James (n.C.), 147
McKinley, Justice John (of U.S. Supreme Court), 170–71
McLean, Justice John (of U.S. Supreme Court), 170
Madden, Dr. Richard R. (British abolitionist), 99–100, 104ff., 125, 127–28, 139, 172, 198, 210, 240n.42
Madison, James, 173
Madrid. See Spain
Maine, 217
Margru (Amistad captive; renamed Sarah Kinson), studies at Oberlin College, 255n.27
Marshall, Chief Justice John, 59, 61, 82, 133, 187, 233n.4
Martínez, Don Pedro, 107
Martínez, House of (Havana), 14, 107, 127
Martínez and Company. See Martínez, House of
Maryland, 170
Mason, Sen. James (Va.), heads Committee on Foreign Relations dealing with Amistad claims by Spain, 216–17
Massachusetts, 22, 45, 137, 153, 155, 170, 188
Massacre on Board the “Amistad” The (painting), 149–50
Mather, Capt. Andrew (of USS Walcott), 115
Meade, Lt. Richard W. (of USS Washington), 3ff., 28, 65, 100, 102–3, 114, 116, 119–20, 178–79
Meddill, Repres. William (Ohio), 147
Mende (Africa), 15, 43–44, 104, 121ff., 126, 157–58, 169, 196, 201, 203, 253n.5, 255n.27; homeland called Kossa by the British, 230n.53
“Mende Indians” (Amistad captives), 203
Mexican War (1846–48), 11, 213–14
Mexico, 213
Michigan, 217
Middle Passage. See Africa
Missouri, 231n.15
Mixed commission, Anglo-Spanish. See Cuba
Mobile, 217
Mobile Commercial Register & Patriot, 195
Mohammedan, 108
Montauk Point (n.Y.), 76–77, 129
Montes, Pedro, 5–6, 22ff., 29, 35, 37, 45, 51, 55, 58–59, 61, 65ff., 71, 73, 75, 80, 82, 84, 99, 103–4, 107, 118, 120–22, 124, 126, 128, 130–32, 139–40, 145–46, 149, 157–58, 163, 174, 185, 187, 189–90, 198–99, 206–7, 210, 250n.9; arrest of (with Ruiz), 85ff., 216
Montreal, 200
“Mr. Bishop, ” 122
Napoleonic Wars, 18
“Narrative” (of Amistad mutiny), by Montes and Ruiz, 85
National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 34, 148–49, 167–68
Natural law, 11, 30, 32–33, 40, 63, 68, 70, 77, 79, 118, 157, 173ff., 181, 193, 212, 218
Natural rights, 8, 12, 29–30, 32, 64, 81, 83, 86, 95, 98, 100, 118, 157, 174, 199, 209, 212
Navy, U.S. Department of the, 112
New Hampshire, 216
New Haven (Conn.), 29–30, 35, 37, 39, 42–43, 49–50, 65, 67, 77, 81, 85–86, 99–100, 104, 107–8, 114–15, 119, 121–22, 127, 133–34, 137, 143, 149–50, 154, 157, 171, 178, 196, 200, 202
New Haven Bay, 65
New Haven Herald, 137, 150, 200
New Haven Journal & Courier, 133
New London (Conn.), 7, 28–29, 31, 35–36, 82, 85, 115–16, 120, 125, 127–28, 135–36, 157
New London Gazette, 157
New Orleans Times Picayune, 84, 87, 93, 195
New York, 7, 28, 34–35, 38–39, 41, 49, 51, 56, 71, 84, 86–87, 89, 91–92, 99–101, 103–4, 119, 136, 150, 156, 170, 173, 193, 205–6, 215, 217; Amistaďs arrival in, 4, 27, 67, 69, 124, 132, 157
New York Advertiser & Express, 68, 84, 87, 93
New York American, 48, 77, 175, 182
New York City, 38, 40, 43, 51, 65, 86–87, 89, 99–100, 107, 114, 138, 149, 161
New York Commercial Advertiser, 49, 77, 86, 107, 129, 133–34, 137, 156, 181–82, 195, 201
New York Court of Common Pleas, 86, 89
New York Daily Express, 40, 48
New York Evening Journal, 92
New York Evening Post, 61, 134, 182
New York Evening Star, 48, 84, 93
New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 85
New York Journal of Commerce, 38, 85
New York Morning Herald, 49, 77, 84
New York Sunday Morning News, 48
New York Superior Court, 86, 91
New York Supreme Court, 91
New York v. Milan (1837), 173
North (U.S.), 8–9, 12, 32, 34, 38–39, 48, 50, 53, 79, 83, 86–88, 97, 142, 156, 167–68, 178, 195, 207, 211–12, 216 North America, 96
North Carolina, 147
Norton, John F. (abolitionist), 37, 165, 182
Noticioso de Ambos Mundos (Spanish newspaper in New York City), 51, 87, 161–62
Nullification, crisis of 1830s, 170
Ohio, 39, 144, 147, 170, 211, 215–16
Onís, Luis de (Spanish envoy to U.S.), 144
Oregon question, with England, 213
Paine, Lt. John S. (of USS Grampus), 112, 114ff., 136, 150, 178, 241n.10
Paine-Tucker agreement (1840), to halt African slave trade, 241n.10
Palmer case. See U.S. v. Palmer
Palmerston, Lord (British foreign secretary), 20, 53–54, 56, 105, 118, 139–40, 164, 198, 244n.8
Panic of 1837, 156
Parliament (British), 54
Paternalism. See Slavery
Paulding, James K. (secretary of the navy), 114–16, 141, 177
Peale’s Museum (New York City), 149
Pendleton, Col. Stanton (New Haven jailer), 41, 65, 126, 154, 158; 196, 198, 200–202
Pendleton, Mrs. Col. Stanton, 202
Pepe. See Ruiz, José
“Persons.” See Slavery
Phillips, Wendell (abolitionist), 8, 33
Pierce, President Franklin (1853–57), deals with Amistad claims issue with Spain, 258n.54
Pinckney’s Treaty (1795), 44–45, 50–51, 57ff., 66–68, 70–72, 76, 83, 87–89, 91, 111–13, 117, 119, 122, 125, 130, 133–34, 141, 148, 158ff., 171–72, 179–80, 183–84, 186, 189–91, 193, 199, 206, 213
Piracy, and slave trade, 29, 35–36, 45, 48, 50, 56, 58–61, 63, 67, 69–72, 83–84, 87, 104, 108, 117–18, 130, 142, 174, 180, 184–86, 189–90, 199, 209–10, 212, 229n.43
Polk, President James K. (1845–49), 213–14
Porter, Midshipman, D. D., 3–4, 6
Portugal, engaged in African slave trade, 14, 16–17, 23, 60, 172; flags used nefariously by slave traders, 20
Positive law (man-made), 11–12, 30, 77–79, 81, 171, 192–93, 218
Pratt, Charles, 43, 121–22, 210
Prima facie evidence, 20, 54, 75, 117, 172, 186–87, 191
Prize. See Amistad
Property. See Slavery
Puerto Príncipe (Cuba), 5, 23–24, 29, 36, 60, 107–8, 232n.28
Purroy, John (attorney), 89–92
Quincy (Mass.), 153
Racism, in U.S., 8ff., 31ff., 38–39, 42, 47–50, 79–80, 83, 93, 95–97, 99, 152, 205
Representatives, House of (U.S.), 45, 144–47, 150, 153, 155, 157, 178, 182, 205, 208, 217; Committee on Foreign Affairs, 209–13, 216
Republic (U.S.), 8, 50, 66, 167, 191
Residual law, 193
Riera, [?], 108
Rockwell, Repres. John (Conn.), 215
Ruiz, José (nicknamed Pepe), 5–6, 22ff., 29, 35, 37, 45, 49, 51, 55, 58–59, 61, 65–66, 68, 71, 73, 75, 80, 82, 84, 99, 103–4, 107, 116, 118, 120–22, 124, 126, 128, 130–32, 139–40, 145–46, 149–50, 152, 157–58, 163, 174, 185, 187, 189–90, 198–99, 206–7, 210, 234n.30, 250n.9; arrest of (with Montes), 85ff., 114, 119, 215–16
Russia, 155; engaged in African slave trade, 14
Salvage. See Amistad
Santo Domingo, slave insurrection (1790s), 19
Scoble, John (British abolitionist), 118, 142, 148, 205, 244n.8
Scott, Dred (U.S. Supreme Court decision of 1857), 8, 13, 217; and citizenship question involving free blacks, 238n.11
Search, in halting slave trade, 23, 55–56
Secession, crisis in South Carolina, 218
Sedgwick, Theodore (defense attorney for Amistad captives), 40, 45, 68, 78, 80, 82, 90, 120, 134, 144, 152–53, 186, 219; uses pseudonym of “Veto, ” 61, 167–68 Senate (U.S.), 10, 54, 141, 184–85, 213, 216–18; Committee on Foreign Relations, 141, 216
Senegambia, 68
Sevier, Sen. Ambrose (Ark.), 213
Seward, Sen. William H. (n. Y.), 217
Sharks (African king), 43
Sherman, Roger, 37
Sierra Leone (Africa), 15, 28, 43–44, 105, 121–22, 124, 129, 141, 204–5, 255n.27
Slave trade. See Africa; Cuba; Slavery
“Slaveocracy, ” 8
Slavery, 7ff., 15–16, 18, 28ff., 38–41, 45, 47, 49–50, 53, 55–57, 60, 62ff., 68–69, 74, 76ff., 86ff., 95–97, 99–100, 103–6, 109, 111, 113, 117, 121–22, 125, 127ff., 135, 138, 141, 153, 155–56, 159–60, 162–64, 166ff., 185–89, 194–96, 198ff., 205–8, 212–14, 216–19, 247n.43; paternalism, in U.S., 9, 79; interstate trade, 10, 12, 53–54, 59–60, 173, 208, 219; and territorial question, 10, 12, 217, 219; domicile question, 22, 35, 130, 172, 210–11; fugitive slaves, 37, 51–52, 70, 72–73, 83, 87, 91, 101–2, 161, 171, 173–75, 183, 200, 249n.2; slaves as property, 8, 11–12, 21, 29–30, 35–36, 45, 47–48, 58, 60–61, 63–64, 66ff., 88, 95, 100–101, 112–13, 117–18, 120–22, 127–28, 130, 133–34, 142–43, 148, 153, 158, 160–61, 171–73, 176–77, 179–80, 183ff., 191–94, 199, 204, 211, 216–17, 223n.11, 232n.2, 233n.5, 236n.31, 250n.9; slaves as “persons, ” 64, 75, 88, 94, 134, 158, 179, 185, 193, 232n.2; sojourner slaves, 87, defined, 235n.14
Smith, Gerrit (abolitionist), 66, 86, 196
Smith, R. Vernon, 105
Sojourner slaves. See Slavery
Somerset v. Stewart (1772), 171, 249n.4
South (U.S.), 8–9, 34, 39, 47, 50–51, 53, 56–57, 60, 64, 77, 83, 85–88, 91, 97, 99, 135, 142, 148, 156, 167–68, 170–71, 175, 178, 188, 195–96, 201, 206–9, 211, 213–15, 231n.15
Spain, 12, 16ff., 44–45, 47, 50ff., 56–58, 60, 66, 68, 70, 76, 78, 91–93, 105, 109, 111–13, 116, 118–20, 125, 127, 130–31, 133, 136, 138ff., 144, 151, 158, 160ff., 167, 172, 174, 177, 179, 184–86, 188–90, 192, 194–96, 205ff., 211, 213–14, 217–18; queen’s royal decree of 1838, 20, 45–46, 127, 144; internal problems, 22; claims issue with U.S. resulting from U.S. Supreme Court decision to free Amistad captives, 206ff.; reaction to Supreme Court decision on Amistad, 206; convention with U.S. in Madrid in 1860 regarding Amistad claims and Cuban claims, 218
Spanish Inquisition, 93
Stanton, Henry B. (abolitionist), 44–45, 138
Staples, Seth (defense attorney for Amistad captives), 12, 37, 40, 45, 71–73, 75–76, 86, 90, 103, 120, 134, 136–37, 142–44, 152, 223n.11, 245n.16, 246n.41
State, U.S. Department of, 114–15, 118, 136, 138, 141, 143–44, 146–47, 162, 164, 178, 183, 224n.19
States’ rights, 56, 88, 156, 170, 173–75, 179, 185
Stevenson, Andrew (U.S. minister to London), 53–54, 56
Storrs, Repres, William L. (Conn.), 144
Story, Justice Joseph (of U.S. Supreme Court), 170, 182, 232n.23; decision in Amistad case (1841), 13, 188–93, 195, 199–200, 252n.47; views on prima facie evidence, 54, 58; views on comity, 58, 171; decision in Eugénie case, 73, 133, 171–72, 187; confìict-of-laws theory, 171; conflict of rights, 190; views on constitutional compromise on slavery, 249n.2
Sturge, Joseph (British abolitionist), 85–86, 118–19, 177, 205, 253n.5
Supreme Court, U.S., 10, 12, 54, 59, 63, 74–75, 77–78, 82, 92, 100, 117, 129, 133, 135, 140–43, 145, 148, 151–55, 157, 163ff., chap. 10, 195–99, 203–4, 206ff., 214–15, 232n.28; Reports of, 192
Taney, Chief Justice Roger B., 135, 170–71, 176; in Dred Scott case, 13, 238n.11; doubtful concurrence with Story’s emphasis on “eternal principles of justice” in Amistad decision, 251–52n.47
Tappan, Arthur (abolitionist), 38–39, 45, 77, 85, 97
Tappan, Sen. Benjamin (Ohio), 39, 144–45, 169, 236n.21, 243n.53
Tappan, Lewis (abolitionist), 7ff., 38ff., 48–49, 65, 77–78, 80–81, 84–86, 90, 93–94, 96–97, 100, 106–7, 116, 118–20, 122, 134–36, 141–42, 144–45, 148ff., 156, 158, 163, 165–69, 182, 186, 194–95, 197ff., 219, 230n.53, 232n.2, 236n.21, 241n.25, 243n.53, 246n.41, 253n.5
Teçora (Portuguese slaver), 14–16, 23
Texas (schooner), 107
Thompson, Associate Justice Smith (of U.S. Supreme Court), 170–71, 188; presides (with Andrew T. Judson) over circuit court trial, 63, 67–68, 71–72, 74ff., 95, 135, 254n.12; presides (with Judson) over circuit court appeal of Amistad district court decision, 142–43; refuses bail on Amistad captives, 151
Tonni (Amistad captive), suit against Montes and Ruiz, 91
Townsend, Amos, Jr. (abolitionist), 37, 40–41, 148, 151, 163, 165–66, 168, 197; files in probate court for guardianship of Amistadés captive girls, 200–202 Trenholm, John H. (proofreader for Blair and Rives), 147
Trespassos. See Cuba
Trist, U.S. Consul Nicholas (in Cuba), 21, 55, 106, 224n.19, 239n.33
Tucker, William (British commander of Wolverine). See Paine-Tucker agreement
Turkey, 137
Turnbull, British Consul David (abolitionist in Cuba), 17–18, 21, 105, 224n.9, 256n.30
Tyler, President John (1841–45), 204–5, 207–9
Underground railroad, 37, 133, 202, 228n.33; “Committee of Vigilance, ” 200
Union Missionary Society, 205
United States, 5, 7–8, 12, 14, 27, 32, 43, 45, 47, 51–53, 57–60, 66–70, 72–74, 76, 78, 80, 87, 91–93, 95, 97–98, 106, 109, 112–13, 117–18, 120, 122, 125, 128, 131, 133–34, 136, 138–40, 142–43, 148–49, 152, 155, 158–61, 163–65, 168ff., 177, 181, 183–85, 187–90, 192, 196, 198–99, 204–6, 213–14, 216; flags used nefariously by slave traders, 20; reform movement in, 31, 34; interest in Cuba (See Cuba); efforts to halt African slave trade, 56, 112, 136–37
Upshur, Abel (secretary of state), 209
U.S v. Bevans (1818), 129
U.S. v. Palmer (1818), 59, 82–83
Vail, Aaron (American charge in Madrid), 163, 208
Valdés, Gerónimo (Cuban governor), 224n.9
Van Buren, John, 137
Van Buren, President Martin (1837–41), 31, 40, 44–46, 51, 60, 63, 70, 75–76, 79, 84, 88, 94, 100, 104, 109, 121, 133–35, 139–40, 144–47, 150, 162, 164–65, 169–71, 173, 180, 185, 188, 205–7, 209, 237n.29, 244n.2; questionable conduct of, 12, 62, 89, 92–93, 112ff., 136, 151–52, 177–79, 182–84, 191–92, 194, 204, 214–16; interest in reelection, 12, 36, 47, 49–50, 53–58, 62, 89, 93, 95, 111, 115, 119, 132, 136–37, 141–42, 148–49, 155–56, 159–60, 215, 231n.15; views on slavery, 57, 156;Autobiography, 142; views on abolitionists, 240n.42
Vattel, Emmerich de (Swiss theorist in international law), 161, 180, 186
Vega, Antonio G. (Spanish consul in Boston), 125, 128, 131, 139, 198
“Veto.” See Sedgwick, Theodore
Walcott, USS (revenue cutter), 115
Washington, D.C, 36, 44, 50–51, 55–58, 67, 70, 100, 104, 111, 115, 117–18, 136, 139–41, 144, 148, 154, 156, 161, 163–64, 174, 177–78, 182, 188, 191, 206, 208–9, 212, 217–18
Washington, USS (revenue cutter), 3, 7, 28–30, 47, 50, 65, 103, 120–21
Washington National Intelligencer, 66, 117
Wayne, Justice James M. (of U.S. Supreme Court), 170
Webster, Daniel, attorney in U.S. v. Bevans, 129; asked to defend Amistad captives before U.S. Supreme Court, 152–53, 247n.41; as secretary of state, 192; deals with Amistad issue, 204, 206–9, 216
Weld, Rev. Theodore Dwight (abolitionist), 32, 86, 196
West Africa, See Africa
West Indies, 20, 22, 54, 105–6, 139, 163, 208
Western Hemisphere, 53
Westville (Conn.), 149, 154, 158, 196, 200, 202
Whig party, 9, 40, 137, 152, 156, 192, 211, 215–16
White House, 12, 31, 44, 47, 53, 55, 57–59, 61–62, 67, 75–76, 88–89, 92–93, 96, 111ff., 118–19, 130, 132, 137, 140, 142–43, 145, 147–48, 150–51, 156, 159, 167, 175–78, 183–84, 192, 194, 206, 215
Willcox, Norris (U.S. marshal), 29–30, 35, 37, 41–42, 44, 59–60, 64–65, 69, 73, 80, 113, 115, 125–26, 159, 178, 196–98, 200, 202
Williams, A. F. (abolitionist), 166, 203
Wilmot Proviso, 11
Wirt, William, 161
Wolverine (British cruiser), 241n.10
Woodbury, Levi (secretary of treasury), 57
Yale College, 35, 37, 42–43, 77, 122, 125, 203, 210
Yale Theological Seminary, 119