GLOSSARY

	J. bakufu, shogunal government
	J. banbutsu ittai, C. wanwu yiti, forming one body with all things
	C. ben, J. hon, root, fundamental, essential
	C. benti, J. hontai, the essential or fundamental root
	C. benxin, J. honshin, fundamental mind-and-heart
	C. cheng, J. makoto, sincerity, integrity, self-realization, actualization of the true creative potential of human affairs, even of the cosmos
	Cheng Mingdao (Cheng Hao )
	Cheng Yichuan (Cheng Yi )
	C. chengyi, J. seiri, making one’s intention sincere
	Chikuzen
	J. daimyō, leader of a feudal domain
	C. dao or tao, J. dō, the Way, a path, way of proper conduct, to lead through, matrix of all the things and events of the cosmos
	C. daode, J. dōtoku, virtue
	C. daoli, J. dōri, the Way and its principles
	C. daoxue, J. dōgaku, learning of the Way
	C. Daxue, J. Daigaku, The Great Learning
	C. de, J. toku, virtue, potency, excellence, the power of virtue, that which has ethical power
	Dong Zhongshu
	C. er, and also, in turn
	Fukuoka
	C. gewu, J. kakubutsu, examination of things and events
	C. gong, J. kō, public, public good, the public sphere of activity
	C. gongjing hele, J. kyōkei waraku, reverence and harmony
	J. han, provincial domain
	C. he, J. wa, harmony of a situation or person
	J. Honzō komoku, C. Bencao gangmu, Index of Materia Medica
	C. hua, J. kasu, to transform utterly such that A becomes B
	Itō Jinsai
	C. jing, J. kei, reverence, respect, the concentration of reverence on the moral path
	C. Jinsilu, J. Kinshiroku, Reflections on Things at Hand
	C. jujing, J. kyokei, abiding in reverence
	C. junzi, J. kunshi, gentleman; exemplary person; originally meant the son of a prince or a nobleman; second in virtue only to the sage
	J. jusha, literatus; scholar
	J. juyō no gaku, C. shouyong xue, preserved in the heart and carried out in action
	Kaibara Ekken (also Kaibara Ekiken)
	J. ki no shisō, philosophy of material force
	J. kigaku, C. qixue, school of material force
	Kinoshita Jun’an
	C. Kunzhiji, Knowledge Painfully Acquired
	C. li, J. ri, principle that orders all things, persons, and events; form, pattern, norm, the defining pattern or principle of the cosmos
	C. li, J. ri, ritual, civility, proper social order, customs, etiquette, ritual propriety
	C. li, J. ritsu, to establish, set up, to make firm (in virtue and conduct)
	Li Shizhen
	C. liangzhi, J. ryōchi, innate knowledge of the good
	C. liyi fenshu, J. riichi bunshu, principle is one; its manifestations are many
	Lu Xiangshan
	C. Lunyu, J. Rongō, Analects
	Luo Qinshun
	Maruyama Masao
	C. Mengzi, J. Mōshi, Mencius
	Minamoto Ryōen
	C. ming ming de, J. meimeitoku, manifesting clear character or virtue
	J. muyō no gaku, C. wuyongxue, useless learning
	Nagasaki
	Nakae Tōju
	J. Nōgyō zensho, Compendium on Agriculture
	C. qi or ch’i, J. ki, material force, vital force, vital energy, matter-energy, the dynamic element of all that is
	C. qing, J. j, emotions, feelings, desires, the developed nature of a person
	C. qiongli, J. kyūri, exploring principle
	C. ren, J. jin, human being
	C. ren, J. jin, humaneness, humanity, human-heartedness, benevolence, first of the Confucian virtues, love
	C. rendao, J. jind, human Way, Way to be human
	C. renlun, J. jinrin, human relations; morality
	C. renyu, J. ninj, human emotion, human passions, passionate human feelings or emotions
	J. rigaku, C. lixue, school of principle
	C. ru, J. ju, scholar, ritual specialist, Chinese term for a Confucian; also
	J. sakoku, closed country
	J. samurai
	J. sankin kōtai, alternate attendance system
	J. seiri, C. xingli, life principle
	C. shen, J. kami, spirit, spiritual, numinous
	C. shen, J. shin, extension
	C. shen, J. shin, self, person, body
	C. shen, J. tsutsushimu, having reverent mindfulness
	C. sheng, J. sei, life giving
	C. sheng sheng, J. sei sei, production and reproduction, fecundity
	C. shengren, J. seijin, sage, the perfected person
	C. shi, J. jitsu, substantial, real, practical
	C. Shiji, Record of the Historian
	C. shixue, J. jitsugaku, practical learning
	C. shu, J. jo, reciprocity, mutuality, empathy
	C. si, J. shi, private, personal
	C. siduan, J. shitan, four roots or seeds of virtue
	C. siyu, J. shiyoku, selfish desires
	J. Taigiroku, Record of Great Doubts
	C. taihe, J. taiwa, Great Harmony
	C. taiji, J. taikyoku, Supreme Polarity or Supreme Ultimate
	C. Taiji tushuo, J. Taikyoku zusetsu, Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate
	C. taixu, J. taikyo, Great Vacuity, the origin of the universe
	Tang Junyi (Tang Chün-I)
	C. ti, J. tai, substance, body, essence
	C. tian, J. ten, Heaven; sky, the blue sky, the high god of the Zhou people
	C. tiandao, J. tendō, the Way of Heaven
	C. tiandi, J. tenchi, Heaven and Earth, nature
	C. tianji, J. tenki, workings of Heaven
	C. tianli, J. tenri, Heavenly principle, ultimate principle or norm of the good or perfect
	C. tianming, J. tenmei, Mandate of Heaven
	C. tianxia, J. tenka, All under Heaven, everyone and everything
	C. tiyong, J. taiyō, substance and function
	Tokugawa
	C. Wang Yangming, J. Ō yōmei
	C. weifa, not yet manifested
	C. wu, J. mu, nonbeing, nothingness
	C. wuchang, J. gojō, five constant virtues: humaneness, righteousness, ritual/civility, wisdom or discernment, and faithfulness
	C. wuji, J. mukyoku, nonfinite, the Ultimate of Nonpolarity, the infinite, nonbeing
	C. xiao, J. kō, filial piety, filiality, deference, respect
	C. xiaoren, J. shōjin, petty person
	C. Ximing, Western Inscription
	C. xin, J. shin, faithfulness, honesty, integrity of thought, word and action; virtue of friendship, credibility
	C. xin, J. shin, mind-and-heart, heart-mind; seat of the intelligence; most refined aspect of the vital force
	C. xing, J. sei, human nature, natural tendencies
	C. xingershang, J. keijijō, what is above form; incorporeal
	C. xingerxia, J. keijika, what is below form; corporeal
	C. xinmin, J. shinmin, renew the people
	C. xinxue, J. shingaku, learning of the mind-and-heart
	C. xiu, J. shō, cultivation, discipline
	C. xiushen, J. shōshin, self-cultivation
	C. xue, J. gaku, study
	Yamaga Soko
	Yamazaki Ansai
	C. yangsheng shu, J. yōjō no jutsu, nourishing of life
	C. yi, J. gi, righteousness, moral appropriateness
	C. yi, J. i, change or transformation
	C. yi, J. i, intentions, motivations
	Yi T´oegye
	Yi Yulgok
	C. yifa, already manifested (as certain qualities or objects and events)
	C. Yijing, Classic of Changes, Book of Changes
	C. yinyang, yin-yang forces; positive and negative, light and dark, female and male
	J. Yōjōkun, C. Yangshengxun, Precepts on Health Care
	C. yong, J. yō, function, use, operation
	C. youyongxue, J. yūyō no gaku, useful learning
	C. yu, J. yoku, desire, passion, emotion
	C. yuan, J. gen, origination
	C. yuan, heng, li, zhen, origin, flourishing, advantage, firmness
	Zhang Zai
	C. zheng, J. sei, rectification, to make correct, to bring order
	C. zhengxin, J. seishin, to establish or rectify the mind-and-heart
	C. zhi, J. chi, knowledge, intelligence, discernment, wisdom
	C. zhi, J. shi, will, fortitude of character
	C. zhishan, J. shizen, resting in the highest good
	C. zhizhi, J. chichi, the extension of knowledge or the capacity to know
	C. zhong, J. chū, centrality, the mean, equilibrium, being centered in proper virtue
	C. zhong, J. chū, loyalty, being completely committed
	C. zhongshu, J. chūjo, conscientiousness and altruism
	C. zhongyong, The Mean, Centrality and Commonality, title of one of the Four Books; locus for achieving harmony
	Zhou Dunyi
	C. Zhu Xi, J. Shushi.
	C. zhu zhongxin, J. shuchōshin, making loyalty and faithfulness the master
	C. zide, J. jitoku, getting it for oneself; self-attainment
	C. ziran, J. shizen, spontaneity, uncontrived action, complete freedom