This volume collects nineteenth-century writing about the Civil War, bringing together public and private letters, newspaper and magazine articles, memoranda, speeches, journal and diary entries, proclamations, messages, commission testimony, poems, and sermons written by participants and observers and dealing with events in the period from January 1863 to March 1864. Most of these documents were not written for publication, and most of them existed only in manuscript form during the lifetimes of the persons who wrote them. With ten exceptions, the texts presented in this volume are taken from printed sources. In cases where there is only one printed source for a document, the text offered here comes from that source. Where there is more than one printed source for a document, the text printed in this volume is taken from the source that appears to contain the fewest editorial alterations in the spelling, capitalization, paragraphing, and punctuation of the original. In ten instances where no printed sources (or no complete printed sources) were available, the texts in this volume are printed from manuscripts.
This volume prints texts as they appear in the sources listed below, but with a few alterations in editorial procedure. The bracketed conjectural readings of editors, in cases where original manuscripts or printed texts were damaged or difficult to read, are accepted without brackets in this volume when those readings seem to be the only possible ones; but when they do not, or when the editor made no conjecture, the missing word or words are indicated by a bracketed two-em space, i.e., [ ]. In cases where a typographical error or obvious misspelling in manuscript was marked by earlier editors with “[sic],” the present volume omits the “[sic]” and corrects the typographical error or slip of the pen. In some cases, obvious errors were not marked by earlier editors with “[sic]” but were printed and then followed by a bracketed correction; in these instances, this volume removes the brackets and accepts the editorial emendation. Bracketed editorial insertions used in the source texts to identify persons or places, to expand contractions and abbreviations, or to clarify meaning have been deleted in this volume. In instances where canceled, but still legible, words were printed in the source texts with lines through the deleted material, or where canceled words were printed and indicated with an asterisk, this volume omits the canceled words.
In The Papers of Jefferson Davis, material that was written in interlined form in manuscript is printed within diagonal marks; this volume prints the interlined words and omits the diagonals.
The texts of the letters from Matthew M. Miller to his aunt and from George Hamilton Perkins to Susan G. Perkins were presented as quoted material in the sources used in this volume, with quotation marks placed at the beginning of each paragraph and at the end of the text; this volume omits the quotation marks.
Sherman’s Civil War: Selected Correspondence of William T. Sherman, 1860–1865 (1999), edited by Brooks D. Simpson and Jean V. Berlin, presents Sherman’s letter to Ellen Ewing Sherman of June 27, 1863, in a text in which erased material is indicated by “<erased>,” “<Sentence erased>,” “<remainder of sentence erased>,” and “<phrase erased>.” In this volume, the erased material is indicated by a bracketed two-em space, i.e., [ ].
Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (1997), edited by Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, prints a paragraph in the July 15, 1863, entry describing Hay’s visits to concert saloons with Robert Todd Lincoln (page 376.28–31 in this volume) as canceled material because it was crossed out in the manuscript. This volume prints the paragraph without cancelation marks because it is likely that it was crossed out by someone other than Hay, possibly after his death. Similarly, in the instances in his diary where Hay originally referred to Lincoln as “the Tycoon,” the word “Tycoon” was later crossed out in the manuscript and “President” added. These instances are printed in Inside Lincoln’s White House with “Tycoon” canceled and then followed by “President,” but in this volume at pages 376.32 and 563.5 “Tycoon” is printed without cancelation and “President” is omitted.
The text of the journal of Jedediah Hotchkiss presented in Make Me a Map Of the Valley: The Civil War Journal of Stonewall Jackson’s Topographer (1973), edited by Archie P. McDonald, is based on a typescript prepared under Hotchkiss’s personal supervision. In the typescript of the entry for May 2, 1863, there are two blank spaces where the names of a house on the Chancellorsville battlefield and of a Confederate officer were omitted. The text presented in Make Me a Map Of the Valley supplies the missing names in brackets. In this volume, these bracketed insertions are deleted, a two-em space is left blank at pages 178.24 and 179.11, and the names are printed in the notes. Similarly, there are three blank spaces in the entry for May 15, 1863, in the diary of Edward O. Guerrant where two dates and the name of a battle were omitted. In the text presented in Bluegrass Confederate: The Headquarters Diary of Edward O. Guerrant (1999), edited by William C. Davis and Meredith L. Swentor, the omitted dates and names are supplied in brackets. This volume deletes the bracketed insertions, leaves a two-em space blank at pages 220.37, 221.5, and 221.14, and prints the dates and the name of the battle in the notes.
Two setting errors that appeared in the printed source texts are corrected in this volume: at 465.34, “while it could prevent depredations” becomes “while it could not prevent depredations,” and at 593.5, “Tuesday morning, Dec. 24th” becomes “Tuesday morning, Nov. 24th.” Eight slips of the pen in documents printed from manuscript sources are also corrected: at 17.13–14, “seemed in in excellent spirits, said they” becomes “seemed in excellent spirits, said they”; at 334.9, “when the skirmisher on both flanks” becomes “when the skirmishers on both flanks”; at 334.11, “only two offices besides myself” becomes “only two officers besides myself”; at 335.23, “before & the the rest as quick” becomes “before & the rest as quick”; at 393.25–26, “have troops enough to built them” becomes “have troops enough to build them”; at 457.24, “privalege” becomes “privilege”; at 458.1, “theory in practice of Government” becomes “theory in practice of the Government”; at 458.14–15, “regret this his bill” becomes “regret that his bill.” The following is a list of the documents included in this volume, in the order of their appearance, giving the source of each text. The most common sources are indicated by these abbreviations:
CWAL
The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler (8 vols., New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1953). Copyright © 1953 by the Abraham Lincoln Association. Used by permission.
DCDT
Dear Catharine, Dear Taylor: The Civil War Letters of a Union Soldier and His Wife, ed. Richard L. Kiper, letters transcribed by Donna B. Vaughn (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002). Copyright © 2002 by University Press of Kansas.
Norton
Oliver Willcox Norton, Army Letters, 1861–1865 (Chicago: O. L. Deming, 1903).
OR
The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (128 vols., Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880–1901).
ORN
Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion (30 vols., Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1894–1922).
PJD
The Papers of Jefferson Davis (13 vols. to date, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1971–2012). Volume 9 (1997), ed. Lynda Lasswell Crist and Mary Seaton Dix, Volume 10 (1999), ed. Lynda Lasswell Crist. Copyright © 1997, 1999 by Louisiana State University Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
PUSG
The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, ed. John Y. Simon (31 vols. to date, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1967–2009). Volume 8 (1979), Volume 9 (1982), Volume 10 (1982). Copyright © 1979, 1982 by The Ulysses S. Grant Association. Published with the permission of The Ulysses S. Grant Association.
SCW
Sherman’s Civil War: Selected Correspondence of William T. Sherman, 1860–1865, ed. Brooks D. Simpson and Jean V. Berlin (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1999). Copyright © 1999 by The University of North Carolina Press, www.uncpress.unc.edu. Used by permission of the publisher.
Edmund DeWitt Patterson: Journal, January 20, 1863. Yankee Rebel: The Civil War Journal of Edmund DeWitt Patterson, ed. John G. Barrett (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1966), 93–94. Copyright © 1966 by The University of North Carolina Press, www.uncpress.unc.edu. Used by permission of the publisher.
Theodore A. Dodge: Journal, January 21–24, 1863. On Campaign with the Army of the Potomac: The Civil War Journal of Theodore Ayrault Dodge, ed. Stephen W. Sears (New York: Cooper Square Press, 2001), 150–56. Copyright © 2001 by Stephen W. Sears.
Henry Adams to Charles F. Adams Jr., January 23, 1863. The Letters of Henry Adams, vol. I, ed. J. C. Levenson, Ernest Samuels, Charles Vandersee, Viola Hopkins Winner (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press), 326–27. Copyright © 1982 by the Massachusetts Historical Society. Used by permission of the Adams Family Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society.
George G. Meade to Margaret Meade, January 23, 26, and 28, 1863. Manuscript, George Gordon Meade Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Abraham Lincoln to Joseph Hooker, January 26, 1863. CWAL, vol. VI, 78-79.
John A. Andrew to Francis Shaw, January 30, 1863. Manuscript, John A. Andrew Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston. Used by permission.
William Parker Cutler: Diary, February 2 and 9, 1863. Allan G. Bogue, “William Parker Cutler’s Congressional Diary of 1862–63,” Civil War History, vol. 33, no. 4 (December 1987), 329–330. Copyright © 1987 by Kent State University Press.
George Templeton Strong: Diary, February 3–5, 1863. George Templeton Strong, Diary of the Civil War, 1860–1865, ed. Allan Nevins (New York: The Macmillan Publishing Company, 1962), 293–95. Reprinted with permission of Scribner, a Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., from The Diary of George Templeton Strong by Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas. Copyright © 1952 by The Macmillan Publishing Company; copyright renewed © 1980 by Milton Halsey Thomas. All rights reserved.
Oliver W. Norton to Edwin Norton, February 6, 1863. Norton, 134–37.
Robert E. Lee to Mary Lee, February 8, 1863. The Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, ed. Clifford Dowdey and Louis H. Manarin (Boston: Little, Brown, 1961), 401–2. Copyright © 1961 by Commonwealth of Virginia.
Robert Gould Shaw to Annie Haggerty, February 8, 1863. Blue-Eyed Child of Fortune: The Civil War Letters of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, ed. Russell Duncan (Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1992), 285–86. Copyright © 1992 by The University of Georgia Press. Used by permission of The University of Georgia Press.
Richard Cobden to Charles Sumner, February 13, 1863. American Historical Review, vol. 2, no. 2 (January 1897), 308–9.
Isaac Funk: Speech in the Illinois State Senate, February 14, 1863. Copperheads Under the Heel of an Illinois Farmer (New York: 1863), 1–3.
Taylor Peirce to Catharine Peirce, February 16, 1863. DCDT, 79–81.
William T. Sherman to Thomas Ewing Sr., February 17, 1863, and to John Sherman, February 18, 1863. SCW, 398–405.
Clement L. Vallandigham: Speech in Congress, Washington, D.C., February 23, 1863. Congressional Globe Appendix, 37th Congress, 3rd Session, 172–77.
Samuel W. Fiske to the Springfield Republican, February 25, 1863. Mr. Dunn Browne’s Experiences in the Army: The Civil War Letters of Samuel W. Fiske, ed. Stephen W. Sears (New York: Fordham University Press, 1998), 58–60. Copyright © 1998 by Stephen W. Sears.
Charles C. Jones Jr. to Charles C. Jones Sr. and Mary Jones, March 3, 1863. The Children of Pride: A True Story of Georgia and the Civil War, Abridged Edition, ed. Robert Manson Myers (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), 351–52. Copyright © 1972, 1984 by Robert Manson Myers.
Charles C. Jones Sr. to Charles C. Jones Jr., March 4, 1863. The Children of Pride: A True Story of Georgia and the Civil War, Abridged Edition, ed. Robert Manson Myers (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), 352–53. Copyright © 1972, 1984 by Robert Manson Myers. Used by permission of the publisher.
Harriet Jacobs to Lydia Maria Child, March 18, 1863. The Harriet Jacobs Family Papers, vol. II, ed. Jean Fagan Yellin (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press), 468–70. Copyright © 2008 Jean Fagan Yellin. Used by permission of the publisher.
William Henry Harrison Clayton to Nide and Rachel Pugh, March 26, 1863. A Damned Iowa Greyhound: The Civil War Letters of William Henry Harrison Clayton, ed. Donald C. Elder III (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1998), 52–55. Copyright © 1998 by University of Iowa Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
Henry W. Halleck to Ulysses S. Grant, March 31, 1863. OR, series 1, vol. XXIV, part 3, 156–57.
Frederick Law Olmsted to John Olmsted, April 1, 1863. The Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted, Volume IV: Defending the Union, 1861–1863, ed. Jane Turner Censer (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), 570–76. Copyright © 1986 by The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Frederick Douglass: Why Should a Colored Man Enlist?, Douglass’ Monthly, April 1863. The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, vol. III, ed. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 1952), 340–44. Copyright © 1952 by International Publishers Co. Inc.
Jefferson Davis to William M. Brooks, April 2, 1863. PJD, vol. 9, 122–24. Used by permission of the publisher.
John B. Jones: Diary, April 2–4, 1863. J. B. Jones, A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary at the Confederate States Capital, vol. I (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1866), 284–87.
Whitelaw Reid to the Cincinnati Gazette, April 4, 1863. A Radical View: The “Agate” Dispatches of Whitelaw Reid 1861–1865, vol. 1, ed. James G. Smart (Memphis, Tenn.: Memphis State University Press), 257–58.
Charles S. Wainwright Diary, April 5–12, 1863. A Diary of Battle: The Personal Journals of Colonel Charles S. Wainwright, ed. Allan Nevins (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1962), 176–79. Copyright © 1962 by Allan Nevins.
Francis Lieber: No Party Now, But All for Our Country, April 11, 1863. Francis Lieber, No Party Now, But All for Our Country (New York: C.S. Westcott & Co., 1863), 1–8.
Catharine Peirce to Taylor Peirce, April 12, 1863. DCDT, 97–98.
James A. Connolly to Mary Dunn Connolly, April 20, 1863. “Major James Austin Connolly,” Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1928 (Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1928), 241–43. Used by permission of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library.
Ulysses S. Grant to Jesse Root Grant, April 21, 1863. PUSG, vol. 8, 109–10.
David Hunter to Jefferson Davis, April 23, 1863. PJD, vol. 9, 152.
Kate Stone: Journal, April 25, 1863. Brokenburn: The Journal of Kate Stone, 1861–1868, ed. John Q. Anderson (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1955), 194–99. Copyright © 1989 by Louisiana State University Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
Wilbur Fisk to The Green Mountain Freeman, April 26, 1863. Hard Marching Every Day: The Civil War Letters of Private Wilbur Fisk, 1861–1865, ed. Emil and Ruth Rosenblatt (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992), 70–74. Copyright © 1983, 1992 by Emil Rosenblatt.
John Hampden Chamberlayne to Martha Burwell Chamberlayne, April 30, 1863. Ham Chamberlayne—Virginian: Letters and Papers of an Artillery Officer in the War for Southern Independence 1861–1865, ed. C. G. Chamberlayne (Richmond, Va.: Dietz Printing Co., 1932), 171–72. Copyright © 1932 by C. G. Chamberlayne.
Sarah Morgan: Diary, April 30, 1863. The Civil War Diary of Sarah Morgan, ed. Charles East (Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1991), 489–92. Copyright © 1991 by The University of Georgia Press. Used by permission of The University of Georgia Press.
Samuel Pickens: Diary, May 1–3, 1863. Voices from Company D: Diaries by the Greensboro Guards, Fifth Alabama Infantry Regiment, Army of Northern Virginia, ed. G. Ward Hubbs (Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2003), 159–63. Copyright © 2003 by The University of Georgia Press. Used by permission of the Pickens Family Papers, The Doy Leale McCall Sr. Collection, The Doy Leale McCall Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL.
Jedediah Hotchkiss: Journal, May 2–6, 1863. Jedediah Hotchkiss, Make Me a Map Of the Valley: The Civil War Journal of Stonewall Jackson’s Topographer, ed. Archie P. McDonald (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1973), 137–42. Copyright © 1973 by Southern Methodist University Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
Taylor Peirce to Catharine Peirce, May 4, 1863. DCDT, 105–9.
Catherine Edmondston: Diary, May 5–7, 9, and 11–12, 1863. “Journal of a Secesh Lady”: The Diary of Catherine Ann Devereux Edmondston, 1860–1866, ed. Beth G. Crabtree and James W. Patton (Raleigh: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1979), 387–90, 390–91, 391–92. Copyright © 1979 by the North Carolina Division of Archives and History. Used by permission.
Charles Morse to His Family, May 7, 1863. Charles Fessenden Morse, Letters Written During the Civil War, 1861–1865 (Boston: T. R. Marvin & Son, 1898), 127–39.
Samuel W. Fiske to the Springfield Republican, May 9 and 11, 1863. Mr. Dunn Browne’s Experiences in the Army: The Civil War Letters of Samuel W. Fiske, ed. Stephen W. Sears (New York: Fordham University Press, 1998), 76–84. Copyright © 1998 by Stephen W. Sears.
Charles B. Wilder: Testimony before the American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission, May 9, 1863. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861–1867. Series I, Volume I: The Destruction of Slavery, ed. Ira Berlin, Barbara J. Fields, Thavolia Glymph, Joseph P. Reidy, Leslie S. Rowland (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985), 88–90. Copyright © 2010 by Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with permission of Cambridge University Press.
Thomas Wentworth Higginson: Journal, May 10, 1863. The Complete Civil War Journal and Selected Letters of Thomas Wentworth Higginson, ed. Christopher Looby (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2000), 143–45. Copyright © 2000 by The University of Chicago. Reprinted with permission of The University of Chicago Press.
Edward O. Guerrant: Diary, May 15, 1863. Bluegrass Confederate: The Headquarters Diary of Edward O. Guerrant, ed. William C. Davis and Meredith L. Swentor (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1999), 275–77. Copyright © 1999 by Louisiana State University Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
George Richard Browder: Diary, May 17–26, 1863. The Heavens Are Weeping: The Diaries of George Richard Browder, 1852–1886, ed. Richard L. Troutman (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan Publishing House, 1987). Copyright © 1987 by Richard L. Troutman.
Harper’s Weekly: The Arrest of Vallandigham, May 30, 1863. Harper’s Weekly, May 30, 1863.
Oliver W. Norton to Elizabeth Norton Poss, June 8, 1863. Norton, 158–61.
Robert Gould Shaw to Annie Haggerty Shaw, June 9–13, 1863. Blue Eyed Child of Fortune: The Civil War Letters of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, ed. Russell Duncan (Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1992), 341–45. Copyright © 1992 by The University of Georgia Press. Used by permission of The University of Georgia Press.
William Winters to Harriet Winters, June 9, 1863. The Musick of the Mocking Birds, the Roar of the Cannon: The Civil War Diary and Letters of William Winters, ed. Steven E. Bloodworth (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998), 55–57. Copyright © 1998 by University of Nebraska Press.
Matthew M. Miller to His Aunt, June 10, 1863. OR, series 3, vol. III, 452–53.
Robert E. Lee to Jefferson Davis, June 10, 1863. The Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, ed. Clifford Dowdey and Louis H. Manarin (Boston: Little, Brown, 1961), 507–9. Copyright © 1961 by Commonwealth of Virginia.
William T. Sherman to John T. Swayne, June 11, 1863. SCW, 479–81.
Henry C. Whelan to Mary Whelan, June 11, 1863. Typescript, Cadwalader Family Collection, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Abraham Lincoln to Erastus Corning and Others, June 12, 1863. New-York Daily Tribune, June 15, 1863.
William Henry Harrison Clayton to Amos and Grace Clayton and to George Washington Clayton and John Quincy Adams Clayton, June 18 and 28, 1863. A Damned Iowa Greyhound: The Civil War Letters of William Henry Harrison Clayton, ed. Donald C. Elder III (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1998), 73–77. Copyright © 1998 by University of Iowa Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
Charles B. Haydon: Journal, June 20, 1863. For Country, Cause & Leader: The Civil War Journal of Charles B. Haydon, ed. Stephen W. Sears (New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1993), 331–33. Copyright © 1993 by Stephen W. Sears.
William T. Sherman to Ellen Ewing Sherman, June 27, 1863. SCW, 489–93.
Edmund DeWitt Patterson: Journal, June 24–30, 1863. Yankee Rebel: The Civil War Journal of Edmund DeWitt Patterson, ed. John G. Barrett (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1966), 109–12. Copyright © 1966 by The University of North Carolina Press, www.uncpress.unc.edu. Used by permission of the publisher.
Lafayette McLaws to Emily McLaws, June 28, 1863. A Soldier’s General: The Civil War Letters of Major General Lafayette McLaws, ed. John C. Oeffinger (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2002), 192–94. Copyright © 2002 by The University of North Carolina Press, www.uncpress.unc.edu. Used by permission of the publisher.
Alpheus S. Williams to Irene and Mary Williams, June 29, 1863. From the Cannon’s Mouth: The Civil War Letters of Alpheus S. Williams, ed. Milo M. Quaife (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1959), 220–22.
Samuel W. Fiske to the Springfield Republican, June 30, 1863. Mr. Dunn Browne’s Experiences in the Army: The Civil War Letters of Samuel W. Fiske, ed. Stephen W. Sears (New York: Fordham University Press, 1998), 99–102. Copyright © 1998 by Stephen W. Sears. Reprinted with permission by Stephen W. Sears.
Arthur James Lyon Fremantle: Diary, July 1–4, 1863. Arthur James Lyon Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, April–June 1863 (New York: John Bradburn, 1864), 251–76.
Samuel Pickens: Diary, July 1–3, 1863. Voices from Company D: Diaries by the Greensboro Guards, Fifth Alabama Infantry Regiment, Army of Northern Virginia, ed. G. Ward Hubbs (Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2003), 182–84. Copyright © 2003 by The University of Georgia Press. Used by permission of the Pickens Family Papers, The Doy Leale McCall Sr. Collection, The Doy Leale McCall Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL.
Francis Adams Donaldson, Narrative of Gettysburg, July 2–3, 1863. Inside the Army of the Potomac: The Civil War Experience of Captain Francis Adams Donaldson, ed. J. Gregory Acken (Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1998), 298–310. Copyright © 1998 by Stackpole Books. Used by permission of the publisher.
Elizabeth Blair Lee to Samuel Phillips Lee, July 3 and 4–5, 1863. Wartime Washington: The Civil War Letters of Elizabeth Blair Lee, ed. Virginia Laas (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990), 281–83. Copyright © 1991 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. Reprinted from the Blair and Lee Family Papers, Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library.
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain to George B. Herendeen, July 6, 1863. Manuscript, Maine State Archives, Augusta.
Henry Livermore Abbott to Josiah Gardner Abbott, July 6, 1863. Manuscripts, Abbott Family Civil War Letters (MS Am 800.26). Houghton Library, Harvard University, series III, folder 19. Used by permission of the Houghton Library, Harvard University, MS Am 800.26.
Lafayette McLaws to Emily McLaws, July 7, 1863. A Soldier’s General: The Civil War Letters of Major General Lafayette McLaws, ed. John C. Oeffinger (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2002), 195–97. Copyright © 2002 by The University of North Carolina Press, www.uncpress.unc.edu. Used by permission of the publisher.
Cornelia Hancock to Her Cousin, July 7, 1863, and to Ellen Hancock Child, July 8, 1863. Letters of a Civil War Nurse: Cornelia Hancock, 1863–1865, ed. Henrietta Stratton Jaquette (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998), 7–12.
Catharine Peirce to Taylor Peirce, July 5, 1863. DCDT, 126–27.
William Henry Harrison Clayton to Amos and Grace Clayton, July 5, 1863. Donald C. Elder, ed., A Damned Iowa Greyhound: The Civil War Letters of William Henry Harrison Clayton (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1998), 78–81. Copyright © 1998 by University of Iowa Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
William T. Sherman to Ellen Ewing Sherman, July 5, 1863. SCW, 499–502.
William Winters to Harriet Winters, July 6, 1863. Stephen E. Woodworth, ed., The Musick of the Mocking Birds, the Roar of the Cannon (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998), 63–65. Used by permission of the publisher.
Benjamin B. French: Journal, July 8, 1863. Benjamin Brown French, Witness to the Young Republic: A Yankee’s Journal, 1828–1870, ed. Donald B. Cole and John J. McDonough (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1989), 426. Copyright © 1989 by University Press of New England, Lebanon, N.H. Used by permission of the publisher.
Catherine Edmondston: Diary, July 8–11, 1863. “Journal of a Secesh Lady”: The Diary of Catherine Ann Devereux Edmondston, 1860–1866, ed. Beth G. Crabtree and James W. Patton (Raleigh: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1979), 424–29. Copyright © 1979 by the North Carolina Division of Archives and History. Used by permission.
George Hamilton Perkins to Susan G. Perkins, July 29, 1863. Letters of Capt. Geo. Hamilton Perkins (Concord, N.H.: Ira C. Evans, 1886), 116–19.
Charles B. Haydon: Journal, July 11, 1863. For Country, Cause & Leader: The Civil War Journal of Charles B. Haydon, ed. Stephen W. Sears (New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1993), 337–39. Copyright © 1993 by Stephen W. Sears.
John Hay: Diary, July 11–15, 1863. Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, ed. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 61–63. Copyright © 1997 by the Board of Trustees, Southern Illinois University. Used by permission.
Abraham Lincoln to Ulysses S. Grant, July 13, 1863. CWAL, vol. VI, 326.
Abraham Lincoln to George Meade, July 14, 1863. CWAL, vol. VI, 327–28.
Samuel Pickens: Diary, July 14, 1863. Voices from Company D: Diaries by the Greensboro Guards, Fifth Alabama Infantry Regiment, Army of Northern Virginia, ed. G. Ward Hubbs (Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2003), 186–87. Copyright © 2003 by The University of Georgia Press. Used by permission of the Pickens Family Papers, The Doy Leale McCall Sr. Collection, The Doy Leale McCall Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL.
George Templeton Strong: Diary, July 13–17, 1863. George Templeton Strong, Diary of the Civil War, 1860–1865, ed. Allan Nevins (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1962), 335–41. Reprinted with permission of Scribner, a Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., from The Diary of George Templeton Strong by Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas. Copyright © 1952 by Macmillan Publishing Company; copyright renewed © 1980 by Milton Halsey Thomas. All rights reserved.
Emma Holmes: Diary, July 16–19, 1863. Manuscript, South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Walter H. Taylor to Richard Taylor, July 17, 1863. R. Lockwood Tower, ed., Lee’s Adjutant: The Wartime Letters of Colonel Walter Herron Taylor, 1862–1865 (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995), 59–63. Copyright © 1995 by University of South Carolina. Used by permission of the publisher.
James Henry Gooding to the New Bedford Mercury, July 20, 1863. James Henry Gooding, On the Altar of Freedom: A Black Soldier’s Civil War Letters From the Front, ed. Virginia M. Adams (Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1991), 36–39. Copyright © 1991 by The University of Massachusetts Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
Lewis Douglass to Amelia Loguen, July 20, 1863. The Mind of the Negro as Reflected in Letters Written During the Crisis, 1800–1860, ed. Carter G. Woodson (Washington, D.C.: The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, Inc., 1926), 544. Copyright © 1926 by The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, Inc.
Charlotte Forten: Journal, July 20–24, 1863. The Journals of Charlotte Forten Grimké, ed. Brenda Stevenson (New York: Oxford University Press), 494–98. Copyright © 1988 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Used by permission of Brenda Stevenson.
Maria Lydig Daly: Diary, July 23, 1863. Maria Lydig Daly, Diary of a Union Lady, 1861–1865, ed. Harold Earl Hammond (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1962), 249–52. Copyright © 1962 by Funk and Wagnalls Company, Inc.
Herman Melville: The House-top. Herman Melville, Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1866), 86–87.
Henry Adams to Charles Francis Adams Jr., July 23, 1863. The Letters of Henry Adams, vol. I, ed. J. C. Levenson, Ernest Samuels, Charles Vandersee, Viola Hopkins Winner (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press), 373–76. Copyright © 1982 by the Massachusetts Historical Society. Reprinted courtesy of the Adams Family Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society. Used by permission.
George G. Meade to Henry W. Halleck, July 31, 1863. OR, series 1, vol. XXVII, part 1, 108–10.
Robert E. Lee to Jefferson Davis, July 31, 1863. The Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, ed. Clifford Dowdey and Louis H. Manarin (Boston: Little, Brown, 1961), 564–65. Copyright © 1961 by Commonwealth of Virginia.
Hannah Johnson to Abraham Lincoln, July 31, 1863. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861–1867. Series II: The Black Military Experience, ed. Ira Berlin (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982), 582–83. Copyright © 2010 by Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with permission of Cambridge University Press.
Frederick Douglass to George L. Stearns, August 1, 1863. The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, vol. III, ed. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 1952), 367–69. Copyright © 1952 by International Publishers Co. Inc. Used by permission of the publisher.
Frederick Douglass: The Commander-in-Chief and His Black Soldiers. The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, vol. III, ed. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 1952), 369–72. Copyright © 1952 by International Publishers Co. Inc. Used by permission of the publisher.
Walt Whitman to Lewis Kirk Brown, August 1, 11, and 15, 1863. Walt Whitman and the Civil War: A Collection of Original Articles and Manuscripts, ed. Charles I. Glicksberg (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1933), 94–98. Copyright © 1933 by University of Pennsylvania Press.
George E. Stephens to the Weekly Anglo-African, August 7, 1863. A Voice of Thunder: The Civil War Letters of George E. Stephens, ed. Donald Yacovone (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997), 250–55. Copyright © 1997 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois.
Robert E. Lee to Jefferson Davis, August 8, 1863. PJD, vol. 9, 326–27.
Jefferson Davis to Robert E. Lee, August 11, 1863. PJD, vol. 9, 337–38.
Wilbur Fisk to The Green Mountain Freeman, August 10, 1863. Hard Marching Every Day: The Civil War Letters of Private Wilbur Fisk, 1861–1865, ed. Emil and Ruth Rosenblatt (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992), 129–32. Copyright © 1983, 1992 by Emil Rosenblatt.
Frederick Douglass to George L. Stearns, August 12, 1863. Manuscript, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
William H. Neblett to Elizabeth Scott Neblett, August 18, 1863. Erika L. Murr, ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852–1864 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001), 137–40. Copyright © 2001 by Louisiana State University Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
Richard Cordley: Narrative of the Lawrence Massacre. The Congregational Record, September and October 1863, vol. V, nos. 9 and 10, 98–115.
Ulysses S. Grant to Abraham Lincoln, August 23, 1863. PUSG, vol. 9, 195-97.
Jonathan Worth to Jesse G. Henshaw, August 24, 1863. The Correspondence of James Worth, vol. I, ed. J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton (Raleigh: North Carolina Historical Commission, 1909), 257–58.
John M. Schofield to Thomas Ewing Jr., August 25, 1863. OR, series 1, vol. XXII, part 2, 471–72.
Abraham Lincoln to James C. Conkling, August 26, 1863. CWAL, vol. VI, 406–10.
Ulysses S. Grant to Elihu B. Washburne, August 30, 1863. PUSG, vol. 9, 217–18.
Charles Francis Adams to Lord Russell, September 5, 1863. Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs, Accompanying the Annual Message of the President to the first session of the Thirty-Eighth Congress, 1863, part I (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1864), 367–68.
Charles C. Jones Jr. to Mary Jones, September 6 and 9, 1863. The Children of Pride: A True Story of Georgia and the Civil War, Abridged Edition, ed. Robert Manson Myers (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), 397–98. Copyright © 1972, 1984 by Robert Manson Myers. Used by permission of the publisher.
Raphael Semmes: Journal, September 16–24, 1863. ORN, series I, vol. II, 765–67.
William T. Sherman to Henry W. Halleck, September 17, 1863. SCW, 543-50.
William W. Heartsill: Journal, September 17–28, 1863. W. W. Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred and 91 Days in the Confederate Army (Wilmington, N.C.: Broadfoot Publishing Company, 1992), 271–77. Copyright © 1992 by Broadfoot Publishing Company.
John S. Jackman: Diary, September 18–21, 1863. Diary of a Confederate Soldier: John S. Jackman of the Orphan Brigade, edited by William C. Davis (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1990), 86–89. Copyright © 1990 by University of South Carolina. Used by permission of the publisher.
Kate Cumming: Journal, September 28–October 1, 1863. Kate Cumming, A Journal of Hospital Life in the Confederate Army of Tennessee, from the battle of Shiloh to the end of the war (Louisville, Ky.: 1866), 94–99.
Jefferson Davis: Speech at Missionary Ridge, Tennessee, October 10, 1863. PJD, vol. 10, 21–22.
Oliver W. Norton to Elizabeth Norton Poss, October 15, 1863. Norton, 183–85.
Jefferson Davis: Speech at Wilmington, North Carolina, November 5, 1863. PJD, vol. 10, 49–51.
Walter H. Taylor to Bettie Saunders, November 15, 1863. R. Lockwood Tower, ed., Lee’s Adjutant: The Wartime Letters of Colonel Walter Herron Taylor, 1862–1865 (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995), 86–89. Copyright © 1995 by University of South Carolina. Used by permission of the publisher.
Cornelia Hancock to an Unknown Correspondent, November 15, 1863. Letters of a Civil War Nurse: Cornelia Hancock, 1863–1865, ed. Henrietta Stratton Jaquette (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998), 31–32.
John Hay: Diary, November 18–19, 1863. Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, ed. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 111–14. Copyright © 1997 by the Board of Trustees, Southern Illinois University. Used with permission.
Abraham Lincoln: Address at Gettysburg, November 19, 1863. CWAL, vol. VII, 22–23.
Petition from the Colored Citizens of Beaufort, November 20, 1863. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861–1867. Series I, Volume II: The Wartime Genesis of Free Labor: The Upper South, ed. Ira Berlin, Steven F. Miller, Leslie S. Rowland (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 166. Copyright © 1993 by Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge University Press.
William W. Smith: Journal, November 13–25, 1863. Smith, William Wrenshall, “Holocaust Holiday: The Journal of a Strange Vacation to the War-torn South and a Visit with U.S. Grant,” Civil War Times Illustrated, XVIII, 6 (Oct. 1979), 28–40. Copyright © 1979 by Historical Times Inc.
Montgomery C. Meigs: Journal, November 23–25, 1863. “First Impressions of Three Days’ Fighting: Quartermaster General Meigs’s ‘Journal of the Battle of Chattanooga,’” ed. John M. Hoffman, in Ulysses S. Grant: Essays and Documents, ed. David L. Wilson and John Y. Simon (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1981), 70–76. Copyright © 1981 by The Ulysses S. Grant Association. Used by permission of The Ulysses S. Grant Association.
James A. Connolly to Mary Dunn Connolly, November 26 and December 7, 1863. “Major James Austin Connolly,” Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1928 (Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1928), 297–304. Used by permission of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library.
Theodore Lyman: Journal, November 26–December 2, 1863. David W. Lowe, ed., Meade’s Army: The Private Notebooks of Lt. Col. Theodore Lyman (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2007), 70–76. Copyright © 2007 by Kent State University Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
Wilbur Fisk to The Green Mountain Freeman, November 29 and December 8, 1863. Hard Marching Every Day: The Civil War Letters of Private Wilbur Fisk, 1861–1865, ed. Emil and Ruth Rosenblatt (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992), 166–74. Copyright © 1983, 1992 by Emil Rosenblatt.
George G. Meade to Margaret Meade, December 2 and 7, 1863. Manuscript, George Gordon Meade Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Frederick Douglass: Our Work Is Not Done, December 4, 1863. The Frederick Douglass Papers, Series One: Speeches, Debates, and Interviews, vol. 3, ed. John W. Blassingame (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), 598–609. Copyright © 1985 by Yale University. Reprinted by permission. Used by permission of the publisher.
Abraham Lincoln: Annual Message to Congress, December 8, 1863. CWAL, vol. VII, 36–53.
Abraham Lincoln: Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, December 8, 1863. CWAL, vol. VII, 53–56.
George Templeton Strong: Diary, December 11–13, 1863. George Templeton Strong, Diary of the Civil War, 1860–1865, ed. Allan Nevins (New York: The Macmillan Publishing Company, 1962), 379–80. Reprinted with permission of Scribner, a Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., from The Diary of George Templeton Strong by Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas. Copyright © 1952 by The Macmillan Publishing Company; copyright renewed © 1980 by Milton Halsey Thomas. All rights reserved.
Catherine Edmondston: Diary, December 11, 1863. “Journal of a Secesh Lady”: The Diary of Catherine Ann Devereux Edmondston, 1860–1866, ed. Beth G. Crabtree and James W. Patton (Raleigh: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1979), 505–6. Copyright © 1979 by the North Carolina Division of Archives and History. Used by permission.
Mary Chesnut: Diary, January 1, 1864. Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, ed. C. Vann Woodward (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981), 519–26. Copyright © 1981 by C. Vann Woodward, Sally Bland Meets, Barbara C. Carpenter, Sally Bland Johnson, and Katherine W. Herbert. Used by permission of the publisher.
Judith W. McGuire: Diary, January 1, 1864. Judith W. McGuire, Diary of a Southern Refugee, during the war, 3rd edition (Richmond, Va.: J.W. Randolph & English, Publishers, 1889), 248–50.
Patrick R. Cleburne: Memorandum on Emancipation and Enlisting Black Soldiers, January 2, 1864. OR, series 1, vol. LII, part 2, 586–92.
William T. Sherman to Roswell M. Sawyer, January 31, 1864. SCW, 598–602.
Lois Bryan Adams to the Detroit Advertiser and Tribune, February 8, 23, 1864. Lois Bryan Adams, Letter from Washington, 1863–1865, ed. Evelyn Leasher (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1999), 77–80, 83–85. Copyright © 1999 by Wayne State University Press.
Francis J. Higginson to John A. Dahlgren, February 18, 1864. ORN, series I, vol. XV, 328.
James H. Tomb: Notes on the H. L. Hunley, January 1865. ORN, series I, vol. XV, 334–35.
Judith W. McGuire: Diary, February 28, 1864. Judith W. McGuire, Diary of a Southern Refugee, during the war, 3rd edition (Richmond, Va.: J.W. Randolph & English, Publishers, 1889), 252–55.
John Paris: Sermon Preached at Kinston, N.C., February 28, 1864. A Sermon: preached before Brig.-Gen. Hoke’s Brigade, at Kinston, N.C., on the 28th of February, 1864, by Rev. John Paris, Chaplain Fifty-Fourth Regiment N.C. Troops, upon the death of twenty-two men, who had been executed in the presence of the brigade for the crime of desertion (Greensborough, N.C.: A. W. Ingold & Co., 1864).
Oliver W. Norton to Elizabeth Norton Poss, February 29, 1864. Norton, 197–201.
John B. Jones: Diary, March 1–2 and 5, 1864. J. B. Jones, A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary at the Confederate States Capital, vol. II (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1866), 162–65, 166–67.
Ulysses S. Grant to William T. Sherman, March 4, 1864. PUSG, vol. 10, 186-87.
William T. Sherman to Ulysses S. Grant, March 10, 1864. SCW, 602–04.
This volume presents the texts of the printings and manuscripts chosen as sources here but does not attempt to reproduce features of their typographic design or physical layout. In the texts that have been printed from manuscript, dashes at the end of sentences have been changed to periods, the beginnings of sentences have been capitalized, and punctuation at the end of sentences and closing quotation marks have been supplied. The texts are printed without alteration except for the changes previously discussed and the correction of typographical errors. Spelling, punctuation, and capitalization are often expressive features, and they are not altered, even when inconsistent or irregular. The following is a list of typographical errors corrected, cited by page and line number in the print edition: 1.22, fours.; 26.40, montem; 74.8, accused-; 74.9, point.; 74.10, amend,/ments.; 111.18–19, arrangments; 123.37, truy; 126.15, to-dry; 128.9, not be; 136.11, no pursue; 144.10, thal may; 151.32, than any; 170.1, haven; 184.13, lnftry; 213.22, Carolina There; 213.26, A.; 214.15, them One; 219.17, unkindest” stroke of all“; 221.25, 4000000; 221.29, 40000,000; 266.4, sevral; 296.10, right, Our; 365.28, this It; 368.26, 20th; 405.16, 3 killed; 432.12, be; 475.25, burning But; 479.19, head; 482.33, manths; 486.1, consnmed.; 544.6, answred,; 547.16, fulfilled He; 552.1, of government; 554.2–3, degredation; 554.10, shackless; 572.40, decend; 573.37, consecreated; 576.35, movemnts; 579.39, of of; 581.21, doszen; 594.32, mounain; 653.12, hertofore; 674.14, diary After; 696.22, it’s name.; 709.32, Chapter,; 729.19, suggest.