Index

Abiathar, 84
Abraham, 206, 216
Accuracy of the Bible, 17 – 18, 287 – 89
Acts: archaeological confirmation of,
259; conversion of Paul described
in, 145 – 46; the death of Tabitha in,
143; the empty tomb in, 154; on the
marginalized, 266; the Resurrection
described in, 122
Adonis, 166, 167, 171, 175, 186
Adultery, 95 – 96
Aesop’s fables, 114 – 15
Africa and the Bible, 173
Agnosticism, 15, 119
Ahaz, 229 – 30
Akhmîm fragment, 47 – 48
Alexander the Great, 191
Allen, Charlotte, 12 – 13
Ally, Shabir, 107, 111
Almah, 231
Al Qaeda, 107
Alshech, Moshe, 225
Al-Zawahri, Ayman, 107 – 8
Amazon.com, 10
Ancient documents, 69 – 70; as
alternatives to the gospels, 25 – 29;
historians evaluation of, 115 – 16;
hoaxes of, 52 – 55; investigation of,
116 – 19; reliability of, 33 – 35
Ancient Texts for New Testament Studies,
30
Answering Jewish Objections to Jesus, 205
Anti-Semitism, 41, 47, 236
Antoninus Pius, 178
Aphrodite, 186
Apostolic fathers, 117
Applewhite, Marshall, 151
Appleyard, Bryan, 267
Archaeology, 288 – 89

Archaeology of the New Testament, The,
173, 288 – 89
Arrogance, 263 – 65
Assessing the New Testament Evidence for
the Historicity of the Resurrection of
Jesus, 110
Atheism, 84, 163. See also Skepticism;
criticism of the Resurrection, 108,
119; rejection of, 277 – 79; in U.S.
colleges, 15; view of Jesus from, 13
Attis, 167, 171, 174, 175, 183 – 84, 187
Authenticating the Words of Jesus, 30
Avigad, Nahman, 56

Baal, 170 – 71
Baigent, Michael, 26, 50, 55 – 56, 108,
141 – 43
Barker, Dan, 111
Barnstone, Willis, 27
Bar-Serapion, Mara, 119
Basser, Herb, 245
Bauckham, Richard, 278, 281 – 82
Baur, F. C., 88 – 89
Bayes’ Theorem, 113
Benedict XVI, Pope, 107
Benz, Ernst, 179, 180
Berger, David, 200
Betulah, 231
Beyond Belief: The Secret Gospel of
Thomas, 27
Bhagavad-Gita, 201
Bible, the: accuracy of, 17 – 18, 287 – 89;
archaeological confirmation of,
288 – 89; inaccurate interpretations
of, 97 – 100; inspiration, inerrancy,
and infallibility, 77 – 82, 104;
manuscripts of, 69 – 72, 87 – 95,
102 – 4; prophecies fulfilled, 201; the
Qur’an versus, 136 – 39; reliability of,
102 – 4; textual critics of, 75 – 77

Big Argument: Twenty-four Scholars
Explore How Science, Archaeology, and
Philosophy Have Proven the Existence
of God, The, 112
Blomberg, Craig, 278, 287
Blood sacrifice, 213 – 14, 221 – 22
Bono, 273, 277
Book of Mormon, 201
Borg, Marcus, 29, 146, 245
Boslooper, Thomas, 193
Boteach, Shmuley, 237
Boulanger, André, 196 – 97
Boyce, Mary, 192
Boyd, Gregory, 289
Branch Davidians, 155
Brandon, S. G. F., 179
Brickner, David, 199, 202
Brown, Dan, 14, 48, 50, 57, 62
Brown, Michael L.: on actions of Jesus,
227 – 29; on allusions to Isaiah in
the New Testament, 222 – 24; on
the birth of Jesus, 229 – 32; on the
case for Jesus the Messiah, 207 – 10;
conversion to Christianity, 204 – 5;
on evil on the world, 218 – 19; on
the gospels, 222 – 24; on Immanuel,
231 – 32; on Jesus’ fulfillment of
prophecy, 211 – 14; on objections to
Isaiah, 224 – 26; on prophecies of the
divinity of the Messiah, 215 – 18; on
repentance and sacrifice, 220 – 22; on
Yeshua, 210 – 14, 238
Brown, Raymond E., 192
Brown, Scott G., 26
Buddha, 191 – 92
Buddhism, 173, 250, 254, 256
Bultmann, Rudolf, 12
Bundy, Walter E., 188
Bush, George W., 107

Caiaphas, 63 – 64
Cainites, 58
Callahan, Tim, 109, 168
Cameron, James, 18, 156 – 57, 159
Carbon – 14 dating, 57

Carlson, Stephen, 51 – 52, 53 – 54
Carrier, Richard C., 68, 71, 106, 108,
111, 162; on apostle Paul, 144 – 45;
on the empty tomb and Paul, 152; on
hallucinations of the Resurrection,
149
Carson, D. A., 278
Case for Christ, The, 13, 107, 173,
287 – 93
Case for the Resurrection of Jesus, The,
112, 118, 125, 168
Chafer, Lewis Sperry, 77
Charlesworth, James H., 280
Chesterton, G. K., 268, 269
Chilton, Bruce, 62
Christianity: versus christianities,
35 – 36; claims of plagiarism against,
166 – 68; compared to pagan
religions, 19 – 20; conversion to,
126 – 27, 145 – 46, 151 – 52, 204 – 5;
and the marginalized, 265 – 67;
Mithraism and, 176 – 79; relativism
and, 20 – 21; as a religion of
gratitude, 272; solo spirituality and,
272 – 73
Christology of Jesus, The, 289
Cimino, Richard, 16 – 17, 242
Clauss, Manfred, 179
Clement of Alexandria, 50
Clement of Rome, 117, 124, 126
Clinton, Bill, 163
Codex Vaticanus, 74, 98
Collins, Francis S., 163 – 64
Collins, Gary, 150 – 51, 290
Colpe, Carsten, 175, 194
Complete Gospels, The, 25, 27, 35
Concerning the Jews and Their Lies, 236
Constantine, 102, 181
Conversion: of Jews to Christianity,
204 – 5; of Saul of Tarsus, 126 – 27,
145 – 46, 151 – 52
Copan, Paul, 244, 245 – 75; on
arrogance and exclusivity,
263 – 65; on feelings and the “yuck
factor,” 251 – 53; on Jesus and the

marginalized, 265 – 67; on Jesus’
death, 269 – 72; on the Jesus of
history, 257 – 61; on judgment,
261 – 63; on mix-and-match Jesus,
253 – 55; on people equating
themselves with God, 256 – 57; on
postmodernism, 246 – 49, 273 – 75;
on reincarnation beliefs, 256 – 57;
on relativism and sin, 267 – 69; on
solo spirituality, 272 – 73; on truth,
249 – 51
Council of Chalcedon, 100
Council of Constantinople, 100
Council of Nicea, 28
Craig, William Lane, 109, 110, 129, 291
Crossan, John Dominic, 29, 38, 47, 117,
245
Cross Examined, 112
Cross That Spoke, The, 47
Crucifixion, the, 46 – 47, 101 – 2;
documented in history, 119 – 20;
for our sin, 269 – 72; prophecies of,
232 – 35
Cumont, Franz, 177
Cybele, 174, 186 – 87
Cynic Sage or Son of God, 289

Daniel, 208, 209, 215, 290
David, Jonathan, 177
David, King, 84, 207, 232
Davies, Stevan L., 23, 38, 41
Da Vinci Code, The, 14, 48, 62, 166
Day of Atonement, 212
Dead Sea Scrolls, 31, 234, 280
Deissman, Adolph, 89
Deity of Jesus, 64 – 66
Delusions and hallucinations, 149 – 52
Descartes, René, 246
De Vaux, Roland, 187 – 88
Dewey, Arthur J., 26
Diatessaron, 38 – 39, 43
Diocletian, 102
Dionysius of Corinth, 126
Dionysus, 166, 167, 186, 189 – 90
Disciples of Jesus, 121 – 26

DNA, 163
Docetism, 46, 65, 78
Do-it-yourself spirituality, 242 – 44
Droge, Arthur J., 108
Dunn, James D. G., 280

Early Christian Interpretation of the
Scriptures of Israel, 30
Edwards, James R., 241, 242, 270
Egyptian gods, 166, 167, 171, 187 – 88,
195, 196, 197
Ehrman, Bart D., 18, 28, 68, 70, 75 – 76,
97, 107, 110; on anger in Jesus,
100 – 101; on authenticity of the
Bible, 70 – 71; on the gospel of Mark,
71 – 72; on intentional changes in
the text of the Bible, 93 – 94; on the
Resurrection, 114
Eichhorn, J. G., 202
Eleusinian cult, 174
Eliade, Mircea, 193
Elitism, 39
Elohim, 215 – 16
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 244
Emotions, 251 – 53
Empty Tomb, The, 108
Empty tomb of Jesus, 108 – 9, 130 – 33,
152 – 54, 160 – 61, 291 – 92
Encyclopedia of Biblical Prophecy, 201
Ephesians, 262
Erasmus, 258
Eschatology, 30
Evangelism, 97, 199 – 200
Evans, Craig A., 29 – 66, 117, 156, 160,
245, 279 – 80, 282; on the deity
and humanity of Jesus, 64 – 66;
on the gospel of Judas, 56 – 59; on
the gospel of Mary, 48 – 50; on
the gospel of Peter, 45 – 48; on the
gospel of Thomas, 37 – 45; on the
identity of Jesus, 62 – 64; on The
Jesus Papers, 55 – 56; on the kingdom
of God, 31 – 33; on lack of Semitic
training among scholars, 31; on
other Christian movements, 35 – 36;

on reliability of ancient documents,
33 – 35; on the secret gospel of Mark,
50 – 55; on the testing the Bible’s four
gospels, 59 – 62
Evans, Richard, 115
Everts, Don, 286
Exclusivity, 263 – 65
Exodus, 217
Exorcism, 94
Expositor’s Bible Commentary, 205

Fabricating Jesus: How Modern Scholars
Distort the Gospels, 280
Faith and Reason, 196
Fee, Gordon, 75 – 76, 94
Feelings, 251 – 53
Feinberg, Paul, 199
1 Corinthians: disciples and the
Resurrected Jesus in, 121, 123; Jesus’
appearance to James described in,
128 – 29; orthopraxy in, 94; the
Resurrection described in, 147 – 49
1 Samuel, 221
Five Gospels, The, 27, 43
Flew, Antony, 109, 110, 114
Flynn, Tom, 189
Forgiveness of God, 269 – 72
Frazer, James, 175
Fredriksen, Paula, 125 – 26
Freke, Timothy, 165, 167
Fundamentalism, 76 – 77
Funk, Robert, 76

Galatians, 119 – 20, 147 – 48; on
judgment, 261 – 62
Gandy, Peter, 165, 167
Garrett, Lynn, 242
Geisler, Norman, 104, 201, 235
Genesis, 207, 216, 217
Gnostic Bible, The, 27
Gnostic Ethics and Mandaean Origins,
173
Gnosticism, 16 – 17, 27, 34, 65, 257, 275,
285; gospel of Mary and, 48 – 50;
gospel of Thomas and, 42 – 44

God: attributes of, 290; forgiveness of,
269 – 72; Jesus as incarnation of,
217 – 18; kingdom of, 31 – 32, 260;
loving, 253 – 54; people equating
themselves with, 256 – 57
Golden Bough, The, 175
Google, 10
Gordon, Richard, 177, 178, 181 – 82
Gospel and the Greeks, The, 176, 196
Gospel Hoax: Morton Smith’s Invention of
Secret Mark, The, 51
Gospels, the, 15 – 17, 287 – 93. See also
New Testament, the; alternatives
to, 25 – 29, 117; core of the, 82 – 84;
disciples and the Resurrection in,
121 – 26; inaccurate interpretations
of, 97 – 100; on James, brother of
Jesus, 127 – 28; testing, 59 – 62,
279 – 84
Gratitude, 272
Greece and Babylon, 173
Greek Grammar beyond the Basics,
73 – 74
Greeley, Andrew, 9
Green, Michael, 292
Green, Peter, 191
Gromacki, Robert, 189

Habermas, Gary R., 109 – 10, 112,
117 – 18, 130, 288, 292
Hadrian, 178
Haggai, 208
Halliday, William R., 179
Hallucinations and delusions, 149 – 52
Hamill, Pete, 165
Harpur, Tom, 165, 166, 167 – 68
Hebrews, book of, 101 – 2
Hefner, Hugh, 110 – 11
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 246
Hengel, Martin, 76
Henry, Carl F. H., 83
Hick, John, 12, 263 – 65
Hidden gospels, 25 – 29
Hillman, Scott, 200
Hinduism, 107, 192, 201, 256

Historians: evaluation of the
Resurrection, 113 – 16; investigative
methods, 116 – 19
Historical Jesus, The, 109, 288
Historical relativism, 248
Holy Blood, Holy Grail, 55, 102
Holy Spirit, the, 99, 100, 273
Hoover, Roy, 245
Horsley, Richard A., 61
Hosea, 212, 221
How Do You Know You’re Not Wrong?,
245
Human Christ, The, 12 – 13
Human Genome Project, 163
Humanity of Jesus, 64 – 66
Hurtado, Larry, 259 – 60, 278, 281

Ignatius, Epistles of, 37, 103, 124
Image and Value in the Greco-Roman
World, 181 – 82
Immanuel, 231 – 32
Incarnation, 217 – 18
Inerrancy and infallibility of the Bible,
77 – 82, 104
Ingermanson, Randy, 157
Irenaeus, 124
Isaiah, 189, 227 – 28, 235; allusions in
the New Testament, 222 – 24; on
the divinity of the Messiah, 216;
objections to, 224 – 26; prophecies of
the Messiah, 207
Isis, 171, 187
Is Jesus the Only Savior?, 270
Islam, 83, 107 – 8, 111, 112, 262, 266.
See also Qur’an, the

Jackson, Phil, 242
Jacobovici, Simcha, 18, 156, 158
James, brother of Jesus, 127 – 29, 135,
151
Jefferson, Thomas, 243
Jenkins, Philip, 25, 29, 44
Jeremiah, 207, 209
Jesus, 199, 200
Jesus and His Contemporaries, 30

Jesus and the Victory of God, 133
Jesus Christ. See also Resurrection,
the: according to Thomas, 41 – 45;
accuracy of the Bible on, 17 – 18,
287 – 89; actions of, 227 – 29; anger
in, 100 – 102; birth of, 192 – 93,
229 – 32; compared to pagan
religions, 19 – 20; core of the gospels
and, 82 – 84; crucifixion of, 46 – 47,
101 – 2, 119 – 20, 232 – 35, 269 – 72;
deity and humanity of, 64 – 66;
disciples of, 121 – 26; foundational
view of, 79 – 82; fulfilling the
attributes of God, 290; in the gospels
and other ancient documents,
15 – 17, 25 – 26, 282 – 84; of history,
257 – 61, 289; inauthentic stories
of, 95 – 96; as incarnation of God,
217 – 18; inerrancy and infallibility
of the Bible and, 81 – 82; James,
brother of, 127 – 29, 135, 151; and the
marginalized, 265 – 67; marital status
of, 158 – 59; as the Messiah, 20, 36,
63 – 64, 200 – 201, 207 – 38, 290 – 91;
Mithras versus, 180 – 83; non-Biblical
accounts of, 115, 116 – 17; opinions
and information on, 10 – 13; in
popular culture, 12, 14, 18 – 19,
108; relativism about, 20 – 21; as the
righteous sufferer, 232 – 35; as son of
God, 26, 63 – 64, 255, 289 – 90; as
son of Man, 32; tomb of, 108 – 109,
130 – 33, 152 – 54, 160 – 61, 291 – 92;
unique identity of, 62 – 64, 284 – 86
Jesus Dynasty, The, 108
Jesus Family Tomb, The, 158, 159
Jesus Mysteries, The, 165, 166 – 67
Jesus Papers, The, 26, 55 – 56, 108, 141,
282
Jesus’ Resurrection: Fact or Figment?, 110,
245
Jesus Seminar, 14, 27, 30, 61, 76, 289;
on alternative gospels, 35, 43; on
the kingdom of God, 31 – 32; on
the Resurrection, 146; on the secret
gospel of Mark, 55

Jesus the Magician, 26, 53 – 54
Jewish Diaspora, 60
Jewish Response to Missionaries, A, 202
Jews for Jesus, 20, 199 – 200
Jews for Judaism, 200, 202, 220
Jews resistance to recognizing Jesus as
the Messiah, 235 – 38
John, gospel of, 15, 214; gospel of
Thomas and, 38 – 40; on judgments,
261; on sin, 271; testing the, 59 – 62
Johnson, Luke Timothy, 278
John XXIII, Pope, 56
Jones, Jim, 9 – 10
Josephus, 80, 116, 119, 120, 127, 131
Judas, gospel of, 15, 56 – 59
Judgment, 261 – 63
Justin Martyr, 38, 130, 171 – 72, 180,
185, 190 – 91

Kaiser, Walter C., Jr., 202, 222, 235
Kaplan, Aryeh, 200, 202 – 3, 215
Keller, Helen, 166
Killing of History, The, 258
Kimball, Dan, 272
King, Karen L., 25
Kingdom of God, 31 – 33, 260
Kloner, Amos, 156 – 57
Koester, Helmut, 34, 43
Koresh, David, 155
Köstenberger, Andreas J., 251
Kramer, S. N., 186
Krishna, 192

Lambrechts, Pierre, 186, 187
Language of God, The, 164
Lattin, Don, 16 – 17, 242
Lease, Gary, 179, 180
Levine, Amy-Jill, 203
Leviticus, 213 – 14, 221
Lewis, C. S., 255, 269, 285
Licona, Michael, 111 – 62; on Baal,
170 – 71; on Baigent, 141 – 43;
on claims of bone boxes of Jesus,
156 – 60; on claims of hallucinations
and delusions regarding the

Resurrection, 149 – 52; on the
conversion of Paul, 126 – 27; on the
credibility of the Qur’an, 139 – 41;
on the disciples, 121 – 26; on the
empty tomb, 130 – 33, 160 – 61; on
historians and the Resurrection,
113 – 16; on historians investigative
methods, 116 – 19; on James, brother
of Jesus, 127 – 29; on Jesus’ death
by crucifixion, 119 – 20; on Justin
Martyr, 171 – 72; on the miracle of
the Resurrection, 161 – 62; on Paul
and the empty tomb, 152 – 54; on
physical versus spiritual resurrection,
146 – 49; on psychoanalyzing
Paul, 144 – 46; on the relocation
hypothesis, 154 – 56; on the
Resurrection, 168 – 70
Life of Jesus, 185
Livy, 80
Loisy, Alfred, 183
Lord Jesus Christ, 259
Lord’s Prayer, 14
Lord’s Supper, 182
Loving Wisdom: Christian Philosophy of
Religion, 245
Lucian of Samosata, 119
Lüdemann, Gerd, 110, 119, 163, 245
Luke, gospel of, 15; gospel of Thomas
and, 38 – 40; on kingdom of God,
31 – 32; testing the, 59 – 62
Luther, Martin, 249, 258, 267
Lyotard, Jean-François, 246

MacDonald, George, 254
Machen, J. Gresham, 190
MacLaine, Shirley, 256
Maier, Paul, 112, 160, 173, 235
Maimonides, 200
Mann, Alan, 267
Manuscripts, New Testament, 73,
87 – 95; intentional changes to,
92 – 95; variants, 90 – 92
Marduk, 171, 186
Marginalized, the, 265 – 67

Marginal Jew, A, 280
Mark, gospel of, 15, 143; on anger in
Jesus, 100 – 101; Ehrman on, 71 – 72;
gospel of Thomas and, 38 – 40;
inaccurate interpretations of, 97 – 98;
testing the, 59 – 62
Marshall, I. Howard, 282
Martin, Michael, 108
Mary, gospel of, 25, 48 – 50
Mary Magdalene, 26, 48 – 50, 158 – 60
Mason, Jackie, 199, 200
Matthew, gospel of, 15; on the birth
of Jesus, 229 – 30; on forgiveness,
270 – 71; gospel of Thomas and,
38 – 40; on judgment, 261; testing
the, 59 – 62
McGrath, Alister, 245
McRay, John, 288 – 89
Meachan, Jon, 10
Meaning of History, The, 196
Meier, John P., 280
Memra, 217
Menninger, Karl, 269
Messiah, the: attacks on prophecies
of Jesus as, 202 – 4; case for Jesus
as, 20, 36, 63 – 64, 200 – 201,
207 – 38, 290 – 91; evil in the world
and, 218 – 19; Old Testament
prophecies of, 200, 207 – 38,
231 – 32; prophecies of the divinity
of, 215 – 18; resistance to recognizing
Jesus as, 235 – 38
Messiah in the Old Testament, The, 235
Messianism, and the Dead Sea Scrolls, 30
Metherell, Alexander, 291
Mettinger, T. N. D., 169 – 70
Metzger, Bruce M., 104 – 5, 184, 194,
288
Meyer, Marvin, 27
Miller, David Ian, 244
Miller, Robert J., 25, 188
Minimal facts approach, 118
Misquoting Jesus, 18, 70, 93, 100, 104
Missing Jesus: Rabbinic Judaism and the
New Testament, The, 30
Misunderstood Jew, The, 203

Mithraeum, 177
Mithraism and Christianity, 179
Mithras, 19, 166, 167, 168, 173, 174,
175, 196; identity of, 177 – 78; versus
Jesus, 180 – 83; mithraism and,
176 – 79; possible influence on Chris-
tianity, 184 – 86
Mix-and-match Jesus, 253 – 55
Morality. See Sin
Moral relativism, 247
Moreland, J. P., 112, 274, 292
Mormonism, 201
Moule, C. F. D/, 293
Muhammad, 111
Muslims, 83, 107 – 8, 111, 112, 262,
266. See also Qur’an, the
Mysteries of Mithras, 177
Mystery religions, 174 – 76, 196 – 97. See
also Pagan religions
Mysticism, 39

Nag Hammadi Scriptures, The, 17, 37
Nash, Ronald H., 176, 178 – 79, 196 – 97,
279 – 80
Native American religion, 243
Naturalism, 114, 155
Neill, Stephen, 185
Nelson, Marcia, 243
Neusner, Jacob, 245
New International Dictionary of Old
Testament Theology and Exegesis, The,
205
New Testament, the, 259. See also
Gospels, the; allusions to Isaiah in,
222 – 24; controversies discussed
in, 36; inaccurate interpretations
of, 97 – 100; inspiration, inerrancy,
and infallibility, 77 – 79, 104;
manuscripts, 73, 87 – 95, 102 – 4;
portrayals of Jesus, 15 – 17;
unavailable to the first Christians,
80; variants, 90 – 92, 104 – 5
Nock, Arthur Darby, 179
Noncanonical Writings and New
Testament Interpretation, 30
Nostradamus, 45

Objective relativism, 247
O’Collins, Gerald, 281
Origen, 124, 126
Orthopraxy, 94
Osiris, 166, 167, 171, 187 – 88, 195, 196,
197
Our Hands Are Stained with Blood, 205
Oxford Dictionary of Jewish Religion, 205

Pagan Christ, The, 165
Pagan religions, 19 – 20, 166 – 68,
196 – 97, 243. See also Mithras;
ancient gods of, 186 – 88; Baal and,
170 – 71; claims of other virgin
births, 188 – 91; figures predating
Christianity, 166 – 70; Justin Martyr
on, 171 – 72; as mystery religions,
174 – 76; spiritual rebirth concept in,
183 – 86
Pagels, Elaine, 16, 27, 28, 37 – 38,
40 – 41, 44, 52, 111, 117
Passion of the Christ, The, 120
Patterson, L., 179
Paul, apostle, 111, 194, 273; conversion
of, 126 – 27, 145 – 46, 151 – 52; on
the empty tomb, 152 – 54; on loving
God, 253 – 54; psychoanalyzing,
144 – 46; on the Resurrection,
121 – 22, 146 – 49
Paul Meets Muhammad: A Christian-
Muslim Debate on the Resurrection,
112
Payne, J. Barton, 201
Pellegrino, Charles, 158
Perrin, Nicholas, 39
Persia and the Bible, 173, 178, 183
Peter, gospel of, 25, 26, 45 – 48
Pharisees, 95 – 96, 100
Philosophy: Christian Approaches in the
New Millennium, 245
Pilate, Pontius, 46, 108, 119, 141, 142
Plagiarism, 165 – 66
Pliny the Younger, 116
Pluralism, 263 – 65
Plutarch, 187, 191

Polycarp, 124, 126
Popular culture, Jesus in, 12, 14, 18 – 19,
108
Postmodernism, 246 – 49, 273 – 75
Pre-Christian Gnosticism, 173
Price, Robert, 159, 160
Prophecies of the Messiah, 202 – 4,
207 – 14, 231 – 32; and the
crucifixion, 232 – 35; and his divine
nature, 215 – 18
Prothero, Stephen, 200
Psalms, 137 – 38, 217; on the divinity of
the Messiah, 215; prophecies of the
Messiah, 209, 210; on the righteous
sufferer, 232 – 35

Q, 40, 43
Quinn, Sally, 10
Qur’an, the, 107, 201; versus the Bible,
136 – 39; credibility of, 139 – 41

Randall, John H., 167
Ranke-Heinemann, Uta, 152
Rashi, 208, 234
Rationality of Theism, The, 245
Rebirth, spiritual, 183 – 86
Reformation, the, 258
Reincarnation, 256 – 57
Reinventing Jesus, 73
Reitzenstein, Richard, 175, 183
Relativism, 20 – 21, 240 – 42, 246 – 49.
See also Skepticism; sin and, 267 – 69;
syncretism and, 242 – 43, 273 – 75
Religionsgeschichtliche schule, 175
Religious relativism, 247
Relocation hypothesis, 154 – 56
Renan, Ernest, 185
Repentance and sacrifice, 220 – 22
Resurrected? An Atheist and Theist
Dialogue, 109
Resurrection, the: claimed to be
hallucinations and delusions,
149 – 52; credibility of, 168 – 70;
empty tomb after, 108 – 9, 130 – 33,
152 – 54, 160 – 61, 291 – 92;

historians and, 113 – 16; inaccurate
interpretations of the Bible and,
98 – 99; James, brother of Jesus, and,
127 – 29; Jesus’ disciples as witnesses
to, 121 – 26; miracle of, 161 – 62;
new explanations to refute, 18 – 19;
physical versus spiritual, 146 – 49;
scholarly authorities on, 109 – 11;
skepticism about, 107 – 9; witnesses
to, 121 – 26, 292
Resurrection of God Incarnate, The, 109
Resurrection of the Son of God, The, 109,
148
Revelation, 95
Rice, Anne, 277 – 79
Riddle of Resurrection, The, 169
Righteous sufferer, 232 – 35
Roberts, Colin H., 89
Roberts, Mark D., 76
Roman Cult of Mithras, The, 179, 182
Romans, 252, 266; on sin, 271
Rosin, Hanna, 240

Sacrifice, blood, 213 – 14, 221 – 22
Salvation, 27, 42, 80, 84, 265
Saul of Tarsus. See Paul, apostle
Schonfield, Hugh J., 167
Schweitzer, Albert, 12, 175, 185
Science: Christian Approaches in the New
Millenium, 245
2 Chronicles, 207 – 8
2 Corinthians, 253 – 54, 271
2 Samuel, 209
Secret Gospel of Mark, 25, 26, 50 – 52,
117, 282; as a hoax, 52 – 55
Self-fashioned spirituality, 240 – 42
Semitic training, 31
Septuagint, 234
Serapis, 167
Shanks, Hershel, 157
Shekinah, 217
Shopping for Faith, 242
Sin, 95; relativism and, 267 – 69
Sincerity, 261
Skepticism, 163 – 64, 277 – 79. See also

Atheism; Relativism; about the
Resurrection, 107 – 9; changed by
the Resurrection, 132; do-it-yourself
spirituality and, 242 – 44; by James,
brother of Jesus, 127 – 29, 135,
151; scholarly study and, 279 – 82;
syncretism and, 243
Smith, James E., 233 – 34
Smith, Moody, 48
Smith, Morton, 26, 50 – 52; hoax by,
52 – 55
Solo spirituality, 272 – 73
Son of God, Jesus as, 26, 63 – 64, 255,
289 – 90
Son of Man, 32
Spirituality, do-it-yourself, 242 – 44
Spiritual rebirth, 183 – 86
Spong, John Shelby, 106, 269
Stolper, Pinchas, 202
Stones and the Scriptures, The, 173
Stott, John, 272
Strauss, David F., 12
Studying the Historical Jesus, 30
Sudarshan, K. S., 108
Suellentrop, Chris, 12
Suetonicus, 34, 80
Sullivan, Andrew, 23
Swinburne, Richard, 109
Syncretism, 242 – 43, 273 – 75
Synoptics, 25, 34. See also Gospels, the

Tabor, James D., 108 – 9, 114, 119,
146; claims of bone boxes of Jesus,
156 – 57; relocation hypothesis,
155 – 56
Tacitus, 34, 80, 116, 119, 120
Talmud, the, 131, 209, 212
Talpiot tomb, 156 – 60
Tammuz, 171, 175, 186
Tanakh, 200
Taoism, 144
Tatian, 38
Tauroctony, 177
Tertullian, 124, 126, 130, 185
That’s Just Your Interpretation, 245

Theissen, Gerd, 281
Theological Dictionary of the Old
Testament, The, 205
They Like Jesus, but Not the Church,
272 – 73
Thomas, gospel of, 15, 25, 27 – 29, 36,
37 – 45, 117
Those Incredible Christians, 167
Thucydides, 34
Tiberius, 119
Time for You, but Not for Me, 244
Titus, 120
Tolerance, 261 – 63
Tolson, Jay, 16
Torah, the, 213, 225
Trajan, 178
Trinity, the, 99 – 100
True for You, but Not for Me, 245
True Furqan, The, 136 – 37
Truth: about truth, 249 – 51; absolute,
254; the marginalized and, 266;
relativism and, 246 – 49

Unique identity of Jesus, 62 – 64,
284 – 86
Upanishads, 201

Variants, New Testament, 90 – 92,
104 – 5
Vermès, Géza, 12
Vie de Jesus, 185
Virgin Birth, The, 189
Virgin Birth of Christ, The, 190
Virgin births, pagan claims of, 188 – 91
Von Harnack, Adolf, 179

Wagner, Günter, 184, 188, 194
Wallace, Daniel B., 72 – 104, 123; on
anger in Jesus, 100 – 102; on the
core of the gospels, 82 – 84; on
foundational view of Christ, 79 – 82;
on inaccurate interpretations of
the Bible, 97 – 100; on inspiration,
inerrancy, and infallibility of the
Bible, 77 – 79, 104; on intentional

changes to manuscripts, 92 – 95; on
manuscripts of the Bible, 87 – 95,
102 – 4; on New Testament variants,
90 – 92; on reliability of the Bible,
102 – 4; on the telephone game and
inerrancy of the Bible, 85 – 87; on
textual critics, 75 – 77
Ward, William, 131 – 32
Waxman, Joshua, 200
Westminster Confession, 269
Whatever Became of Sin?, 269
What Have They Done with Jesus?, 281
Who Was Jesus?, 245
Will, George, 30
Wilson, A. N., 12
Windschuttle, Keith, 258
Winfrey, Oprah, 243, 244
Witherington, Ben, III, 27, 42, 157, 245,
281, 289
Women, 94, 95 – 96; at the empty tomb,
98
World of the First Christians, The, 173
Wright, N. T., 16, 29, 109, 133, 148,
278, 281
Wright, Tom, 185

Yadin, Yigael, 55 – 56
Yamauchi, Edwin M., 172 – 96, 288; on
Alexander the Great, 191; on ancient
gods, 186 – 88; on Buddha, 191 – 92;
on Mithras versus Jesus, 180 – 83; on
mystery religions, 174 – 76; on other
claims of virgin births, 188 – 91; on
prophecies of the Messiah, 203; on
spiritual rebirth in pagan religions,
183 – 86; on truth winning out,
194 – 96
Yarnold, E. J., 178
Yeshua, 210 – 14, 218 – 19, 238

Zacharias, Ravi, 245
Zechariah, 209, 210
Zeus, 188, 189, 190, 191, 197
Zindler, Frank, 100
Zoroaster, 192