1.John Hinkson, “War Culture,” Arena Magazine 135 (April–May 2015): 2.
2.See, for instance, Amy Goodman, “Michelle Alexander: Ferguson Shows Why Criminal Justice System of ‘Racial Control’ Should Be Undone,” Democracy Now!, March 4, 2015, http://www.democracynow.org/2015/3/4/michelle_alexander_ferguson_shows_why_criminal. See also MattTaibbi, The Divide: American Injustice in the Age of the Wealth Gap (New York: Spiegel and Grau, 2014); Maya Schenwar, Locked Down, Locked Out (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2014).
3.See, for example, these important works: Pierre Bourdieu, Acts of Resistance, trans. L. Wacquant (New York: New Press, 1998); Randy Martin, Financialization of Daily Life (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2002); Alfredo Saad-Filho and Deborah Johnston, Neoliberalism: A Critical Reader (London: Pluto Press, 2005); David Harvey, A Brief History of Neoliberalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007); Henry A. Giroux, Against the Terror of Neoliberalism (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2008); Manfred B. Steger and Ravi K. Roy, Neoliberalism: A Very Short Introduction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010); Gérard Duménil and Dominique Levy, The Crisis of Neoliberalism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011); Stuart Hall, “The March of the Neoliberals,” The Guardian, September 12, 2011, online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/sep/12/march-of-the-neoliberals; Colin Leys, Market-Driven Politics (London: Verso, 2001); Henry A. Giroux, Twilight of the Social (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2013); Philip Mirowski, “The Thirteen Commandments of Neoliberalism,” The Utopian, June 13, 2013, online: http://www.the-utopian.org/post/53360513384/the-thirteen-commandments-of-neoliberalism; Wendy Brown, Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Zone Books, 2015).
4.Friedrich Hayek, The Road to Serfdom: Text and Documents—The Definitive Edition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007); Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom: 40th Anniversary Edition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002).
5.Robert W. McChesney, Digital Democracy (New York: New Press, 2014).
6.Charles Ferguson, Predator Nation: Corporate Criminals, Political Corruption, and the Hijacking of America (New York: Crown Business, 2013); Elliott Currie, “Market, Crime and Community: Toward a Mid-Range Theory of Post-Industrial Violence,” Theoretical Criminology 1/2 (1997): 147–72.
7.Charles Derber, Sociopathic Society (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2013).
8.See, for example, Zygmunt Bauman and Carlo Bordoni, State of Crisis (London: Polity, 2014).
9.Charles H. Ferguson, Predator Nation: Corporate Criminals, Political Corruption, and the Hijacking of America (New York: Crown Business, 2012).
10.Martin Gilens and Benjamin I. Page, Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014), online: https://www.princeton.edu/~mgilens/Gilens%20homepage%20materials/Gilens%20and%20Page/Gilens%20and%20Page%202014-Testing%20Theories%203-7-14.pdf; Tom McKay, “Princeton Concludes What Kind of Government America Really Has, and It’s Not a Democracy,” Popular Resistance, April 16, 2014, http://www.policymic.com/articles/87719/princeton-concludes-what-kind-of-government-america-really-has-and-it-s-not-a-democracy.
11.Gilens and Page, Testing Theories.
12.Chris Hedges, “Democracy in America Is a Useful Fiction,” Truthdig, January 24, 2010, http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/democracy_in_america_is_a_useful_fiction_20100124#.
13.Henry A. Giroux, America’s Educational Deficit and the War on Youth (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2013).
14.Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (New York: New Press, 2012); Angela Y. Davis, The Meaning of Freedom (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2012).
15.I am taking the term “punishment creep” from Anne-Marie Cusac, Cruel and Unusual: The Culture of Punishment in America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), 74. On the modeling of schools after prisons, see Annette Fuentes, Lockdown High (London: Verso, 2013); Henry A. Giroux, Youth in a Suspect Society (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2009).
16.Barbara Gurr, Reproductive Justice: The Politics of Health Care for Native American Women (New Jersey: Rutgers University Press 2014); Dorothy Roberts, Shattered Bonds: The Color of Child Welfare (New York: Basic Books, 2003).
17.Brondon T. Mathis, Hands Up Don’t Shoot: Why Are African-American Young Men Being Gunned Down in Our Streets (New York: CreateSpace Independent Publishing, 2014); Alexander, The New Jim Crow; Victor M. Rios, Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys (New York: New York University Press, 2011).
18.On the mass incarceration of blacks, see Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (New York: The New Press, 2010); Anthony DiMaggio, The Rise of the Tea Party (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2011).
19.Harriet Mcleod, Alana Wise, and Luciana Lopez, “Families of S.C. church massacre victims offer forgiveness,” Toronto Sun, June 19, 2015, http://www.torontosun.com/2015/06/19/suspect-charged-with-murder-in-attack-on-black-us-church.
20.Scott Shane, “Homegrown Radicals More Deadly than Jihadis in U.S.,” New York Times, June 24, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/25/us/tally-of-attacks-in-us-challenges-perceptions-of-top-terror-threat.html?action=click&contentCollection=U.S.®ion=Footer&module=WhatsNext&version=WhatsNext&contentID=WhatsNext&configSection=article&isLoggedIn=false&moduleDetail=undefined&pgtype=Multimedia. See also Tom Engelhardt, “Our Jihadis and Theirs: The Real (Armed) Dangers of American Life,” TomDispatch.com, June 21, 2015, http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/176013/tomgram%3A_engelhardt,_armed_violence_in_the_homeland/.
21.The Guardian provides a website that now tracks police violence. http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2015/jun/01/the-counted-police-killings-us-database.
22.Report, “Black Americans killed by police twice as likely to be unarmed as white people,” The Guardian (June 1, 2015). Online: http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/01/black-americans-killed-by-police-analysis.
23.Gloria Feld, The War on Choice: The Right-Wing Attack on Women’s Rights and How to Fight Back (New York: Bantam, 2007).
24.Chris Hedges, Wages of Rebellion (New York: Penguin, 2015), 144.
25.Henry A. Giroux, Education and the Crisis of Public Values (New York: Peter Lang, 2012).
26.Glenn Greenwald, No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2014).
27.Ibid.
28.Jamelle Bouie, “Dick Cheney’s America: Of Course Americans Are OK with Torture. Look at How We Treat Our Prisoners,” Slate, December 14, 2014, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2014/12/why_americans_support_torture_we_accept_the_abuse_and_cruel_punishment_of.htm.
29.Joseph E. Stiglitz, “In No One We Trust,” New York Times, December 21, 2013, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/21/in-no-one-we-trust/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0.
30.Henry A. Giroux, Zombie Politics and Culture in the Age of Casino Capitalism, 2nd ed. (New York: Peter Lang, 2014).
31.Henry A. Giroux, “Neoliberalism and the Machinery of Disposability,” Truthout, April 8, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/22958-neoliberalism-and-the-machinery-of-disposability.
32.Jennifer M. Silva, Coming Up Short: Working-Class Adulthood in An Age of Uncertainty, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013).
33.See, for instance, Robert D. Putnam, Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2015), and Susan Searls Giroux, Between Race and Reason: Violence, Intellectual Responsibility, and the University to Come (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010).
34.Henry A. Giroux, Neoliberalism’s War against Higher Education (Chicago: Haymarket Press, 2014).
35.William Boardman, “Does an Honorary Degree Relate to Free Speech? Not Much,” Reader Supported News, May 20, 2014, http://readersupportednews.org/opinion2/277-75/23766-does-an-honorary-degree-relate-to-free-speech-not-much.
36.Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (New York: Penguin Classics, 2006; original work published 1963).
37.Even the New York Times has called for a number of officials under the Bush administration to be prosecuted for war crimes. See Editorial, “Prosecute Torturers and Their Bosses,” New York Times, December 21, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/22/opinion/prosecute-torturers-and-their-bosses.html. See also Marjorie Cohn, “Torture Report Confirms Team Bush War Crimes,” Global Research, December 17, 2014, http://www.globalresearch.ca/torture-report-confirms-team-bush-war-crimes/5420286; Amy Goodman, “War Criminals Shouldn’t Be Honored: Rutgers Students Nix Condoleezza Rice from Commencement Speech,” Truthout, May 2014, http://truth-out.org/news/item/23504-war-criminals-shouldnt-be-honored-rutgers-students-nix-condoleezza-rice-from-commencement-speech.
38.Henry A. Giroux, The University in Chains: Confronting the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2007).
39.Henry A. Giroux, The Violence of Organized Forgetting: Thinking beyond America’s Disimagination Machine (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2014).
40.Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem.
41.Michael Halberstam, Totalitarianism and the Modern Conception of Politics (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999).
42.See, for instance, Zoë Carpenter, “The Racist Roots of the GOP’s Favorite New Immigration Plan,” The Nation (August 19, 2015). http://www.thenation.com/article/the-racist-roots-of-the-gops-favorite-new-immigration-plan/.
43.Chris Hedges, “America’s ‘Death Instinct’ Spreads Misery across the World,” AlterNet, September 30, 2014, http://www.alternet.org/world/americas-death-instinct-spreads-misery-across-world.
44.Tzvetan Todorov, Torture and the War on Terror, trans. Gila Walker with photographs by Ryan Lobo (Chicago: Seagull Books, 2009), 2–3.
45.See, for instance, Mark Danner, Torture and Truth: America, Abu Ghraib, and the War on Terror (New York: New York Review Books, 2004); Jane Mayer, The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned into a War on American Ideals (New York: Doubleday, 2008); and Phillipe Sands, Torture Team (London: Penguin, 2009). On the torture of children, see Michael Haas, George W. Bush, War Criminal? The Bush Administration’s Liability for 269 War Crimes (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2009). Also see Henry A. Giroux, Hearts of Darkness: Torturing Children in the War on Terror (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2010).
46.Ajamu Baraka, “Obama’s Legacy: Permanent War and Liberal Accommodation,” Counterpunch, February 18, 2015, http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/02/18/obamas-legacy-permanent-war-and-liberal-accommodation/.
47.Steven Rosenfeld, “8 Ways Obama Is as Bad–or worse–Than Bush on Civil Liberties,” Alternet (March 18, 2013). http://www.alternet.org/civil-liberties/8-ways-obama-bad-or-worse-bush-civil-liberties.
48.James Risen, Pay at Any Price (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014).
49.Agamben cited in Malcolm Bull, “States Don’t Really Mind Their Citizens Dying: They Just Don’t Like Anyone Else to Kill Them,” London Review of Books, December 16, 2004, 3.
50.Spencer Ackerman, “The Disappeared: Chicago Police Detain Americans at Abuse-Laden ‘Black Site’,” The Guardian, February 24, 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/usnews/2015/feb/24/chicago-police-detain-americans-black-site.
51.See Brad Evans and Henry A. Giroux, Disposable Futures (San Francisco: City Lights, 2015); Henry A. Giroux, “State Terrorism and Racist Violence in the Age of Disposability: From Emmett Till to Eric Garner—Expanded Version,” Truthout, December 2014. online: http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/27832-state-terrorism-and-racist-violence-in-the-age-of-disposability-from-emmett-till-to-eric-garner. For a timeline of the recent killing of black men and youth by the police, see: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-09/timeline-us-police-shootings-unarmed-black-suspects/6379472.
52.Oliver Laughland, Jon Swaine, and Jamiles Lartey, “US police killings headed for 1,100 this year, with black Americans twice as likely to die,” The Guardian (July 2015). http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jul/01/us-police-killings-this-year-black-americans.
53.Jeffrey St. Clair, “When Torturers Walk,” Counterpunch (March 20–22, 2015), http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/03/20/when-torturers-walk/.
54.David A. Fahrenthold, “In the Hunt to Be the 2016 GOP Pick, Top Contenders Agree on One Thing: Guns,” Washington Post, March 28, 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/republican-presidential-hopefuls-sticking-to-their-guns/2015/03/28/b2ef4a1cd3c4-11e4-8fce-3941fc548f1c_story.html.
55.Rustom Bharacuha, “Around Adohya: Aberrations, Enigmas, and Moments of Violence,” Third Text (Autumn 1993): 45.
56.Sontag cited in in Carol Becker, “The Art of Testimony,” Sculpture (March 1997): 28.
57.John R. Bolton, “To Stop Iran’s Bomb, Bomb Iran,” New York Times, March 26, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/26/opinion/to-stop-irans-bomb-bomb-iran.html.
58.Jamie Tarabay, “Obama and Leakers: Who Are the Eight Charged under the Espionage Act?” Al Jazeera, December 5, 3013. http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/12/5/obama-and-leakerswhoaretheeightchargedunderespionageact.html.
59.Ariel Dorfman, “Repression by Any Other Name,” Guernica 26 (February 3, 2014), online: https://www.guernicamag.com/features/repression-by-any-other-name/.
60.Eric Alterman, “Patriot Games,” The Nation, October 29, 2001, 10.
61.Cited in the National Public Radio/Kaiser Family Foundation/Kennedy School of Government Civil Liberties Poll. Available at http://sandbox.npr.org/programs/specials/poll/civil_liberties/civil_liberties_static_results_3.html.
62.Tom Engelhardt, “Walking Back the American Twenty-First Century,” TomDispatch, February 17, 2015, http://www.tomdispatch.com/dialogs/print/?id=175957.
63.See Henry A. Giroux, “Celluloid Heroism and Manufactured Stupidity in the Age of Empire,” Counterpunch, February 12, 2015, http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/02/12/celluloid-heroism-and-manufactured-stupidity-in-the-age-of-empire/.
64.Robert Jay Lifton, “American Apocalypse,” The Nation, December 22, 2003, 12, 14.
65.Mike Davis, “The Flames of New York,” New Left Review 12 (November–December 2001): 44.
66.Ibid., 45.
67.Don Hazen, “Fear Dominates Politics, Media and Human Existence in America—And It Is Getting Worse,” Alternet, March 1, 2015, http://www.alternet.org/fear-america/fear-dominates-politics-media-and-human-existence-america-and-its-getting-worse.
68.Ibid.
69.Franco Bifo Berardi, Precarious Rhapsody (New York: Autonomedia, 2009), 52
70.Many valuable sources document this history. Some exemplary texts include: A. J. Langguth, Hidden Terrors: The Truth about U.S. Police Operations in Latin America (New York: Pantheon Books, 1979); Gordon Thomas, Journey into Madness: The True Story of Secret CIA Mind Control and Medical Abuse (New York: Bantam, 1989); Danner, Torture and Truth; Jennifer K. Harbury, Truth, Torture, and the American Way: The History and Consequences of U.S. Involvement in Torture (Boston: Beacon Press, 2005); and Alfred McCoy, A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation from the Cold War to the War on Terror (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2006).
71.Tom Engelhardt, “My War on Terror: Letter to an Unknown U.S. Patriot,” TomDispatch, March 1, 2015, http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175962/tomgram%3A_engelhardt,_the_ten_commandments_for_a_better_american_world/.
72.See, for instance, Adolph Reed, Jr., “Nothing Left,” Harper’s Magazine, March 2014, 28–36; Stanley Aronowitz, “Democrats in Disarray: This Donkey Can’t Save Our Asses,” The Indypendent 202 (December 16, 2014), https://www.indypendent.org/2014/12/16/democrats-disarray-donkey-can%E2%80%99t-save-our-asses.
1.Adam Goldman and Peyton Craighill, “New Poll Finds Majority of Americans Believe Torture Justified after 9/11 Attacks,” Washington Post, December 16, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/new-poll-finds-majority-of-americans-believe-torture-justified-after-911-attacks/2014/12/16/f6ee1208-847c-11e4-9534-f79a23c40e6c_story.html.
2.Lawrence Wittner, “The U.S. Is Number One—But in What?” AlterNet, October 13, 2014, http://www.alternet.org/us-number-one-what.
3.The report can be found at http://www.intelligence.senate.gov/study2014/sscistudy1.pdf.
4.Cited in Edward S. Herman, “Folks Out There Have a ‘Distaste of Western Civilization and Cultural Values,’” Centre for Research on Globalization, September 15, 2001, http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/HER109A.html.
5.On the Phoenix Program, see Douglas Valentine, The Phoenix Program (Lincoln, NB: iUniverse, 2000).
6.Carl Boggs supplies an excellent commentary on the historical amnesia in the U.S. media surrounding the legacy of torture promoted by the United States in “Torture: An American Legacy,” CounterPunch.org, June 17, 2009, http://www.counterpunch.org/boggs06172009.html.
7.Ibid.
8.Many valuable sources document this history. Some exemplary texts include: A. J. Langguth, Hidden Terrors: The Truth about U.S. Police Operations in Latin America (New York: Pantheon Books, 1979); Gordon Thomas, Journey into Madness: The True Story of Secret CIA Mind Control and Medical Abuse (New York: Bantam, 1989); Mark Danner, Torture and Truth (New York: New York Review Books, 2004); Jennifer K. Harbury, Truth, Torture, and the American Way: The History and Consequences of U.S. Involvement in Torture (Boston: Beacon Press, 2005); Alfred McCoy, A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation, from the Cold War to the War on Terror (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2006); and Darius Rejali, Torture and Democracy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007). See also Jane Mayer, The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned into a War on American Ideals (New York: Doubleday, 2008); and Phillipe Sands, Torture Team (London: Penguin, 2009). On the torture of children, see Michael Haas, George W. Bush, War Criminal? The Bush Administration’s Liability for 269 War Crimes (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2009). Also, see Henry A. Giroux, Hearts of Darkness: Torturing Children in the War on Terror (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2010).
9.Amy Goodman, “From COINTELPRO to Snowden, the FBI Burglars Speak Out after 43 Years of Silence,”Part 2, Democracy Now!, January 8, 2014, http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2014/1/8/from_cointelpro_to_snowden_the_fbi.
10.For an excellent source, see Ward Churchill and Jim Vander Wall, The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI’s Secret Wars against Dissent in the United States (Boston: South End Press, 2001). Also see The People’s History of the CIA website: http://www.thepeopleshistory.net/2013/07/cointelpro-fbis-war-on-us-citizens.html.
11.Chomsky quoted in Goodman, “From COINTELPRO to Snowden.”
12.See, for example, Edward E. Baptist, The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism (New York: Basic Books, 2014); Angela Y. Davis, Abolition Democracy: Beyond Empire, Prisons, and Torture (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2005); and Loic Wacquant, Punishing the Poor (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009). This section draws on ideas from my Hearts of Darkness: Torturing Children in the War on Terror (Boulder: Paradigm, 2010).
13.Ishmael Reed, “How Henry Louis Gates Got Ordained as the Nation’s ‘Leading Black Intellectual,’” Black Agenda Report, July 27, 2009, http://www.blackagendareport.com/?q=content/how-henry-louis-gates-got-ordained-nations-leading-black-intellectual.
14.Pepe Lozano, “Chicago Torture Probe Draws Worldwide Attention,” Political Affairs Magazine, July 6, 2006, online: http://www.politicalaffairs.net/article/view/3770/1/196/. See also Susan Saulny, “Ex-Officer Linked to Brutality Is Arrested,” New York Times, October 22, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/22/us/22chicago.html.
15.Flint Taylor, “Jon Burge, Torturer of Over 100 Black Men, Is Out of Prison after Less than Four Years,” In These Times, October 2, 2014, http://inthesetimes.com/article/17213/jon_burge_torture_chicago_has_not_paid_for_his_crimes.
16.Lozano, “Chicago Torture Probe.”
17.Mayer, The Dark Side, 8.
18.Mark Danner, “U.S. Torture: Voices from the Black Sites,” New York Review of Books, April 9, 2009, 77.
19.Michel Chossudovsky, “The Senate CIA Torture Report. Dick Cheney: ‘The Report Is Full of Crap,’” Global Research, December 12, 2014, http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-senate-cia-torture-report-dick-cheney-the-report-is-full-of-crap-highlights-executive-summary/5419604.
20.Scott Shane, “Backing C.I.A. Tactics, Cheney Ramps Up Criticism of Senate Torture Report,” New York Times, December 14, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/15/us/politics/cheney-senate-report-on-torture.html.
21.Some of the ideas in the following sections draw upon my book, Hearts of Darkness: Torturing Children in the War on Terror.
22.Frank Rich, “The Banality of Bush White House Evil,” New York Times, April 26, 2009.
23.The torture memos can be found at the American Civil Liberties Union website: http://www.aclu.org/safefree/general/olc_memos.html.
24.Andrew Sullivan, “The Bigger Picture,” The Daily Dish, April 17, 2009, http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2009/04/the-bigger-picture.html.
25.Ewen MacAskill, “Obama Releases Bush Torture Memos: Insects, Sleep Deprivation and Waterboarding among Approved Techniques by the Bush Administration,” The Guardian, April 16, 2009, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/apr/16/torture-memos-bush-administration.
26.Ibid.
27.Andy Worthington, “Five Terrible Truths about the CIA Torture Memos,” Future of Freedom Foundation, April 22, 2009, http://www.commondreams.org/view/2009/04/22-6.
28.Editorial, “The Torturers’ Manifesto,” New York Times, April 19, 2009.
29.Ibid.
30.Bybee cited in Neil A. Lewis, “Official Defends Signing Interrogation Memos,” New York Times, April 29, 2009.
31.Thomas C. Hilde, “Introduction,” in On Torture, ed. Thomas C. Hilde (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 141.
32.Mark Mazzetti, “Panel Faults CIA over Brutality and Deceit in Terrorism Interrogations,” New York Times, December 9, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/10/world/senate-intelligence-committee-cia-torture-report.html.
33.Elias Isquith, “‘I don’t care what we did’: What Nicolle Wallace’s Rant Reveals about America’s Torture Problem,” Salon, December 9, 2012, http://www.salon.com/2014/12/09/i_dont_care_what_we_did_what_nicolle_wallaces_rant_reveals_about_americas_torture_problem/.
34.See the repudiations of the right-wing arguments by Rebecca Gordon, “American Torture – Past, Present, and . . . Future? Beyond the Senate Torture Report,” TomDispatch.com, December 14, 2014, http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175934/tomgram%3A_rebecca_gordon%2C_the_torture_wars/#more.
35.Hilde, “Introduction,” in On Torture, 1.
36.Glenn Greenwald, “U.S. TV Provides Ample Platform for American Torturers, but None to Their Victims,” The Intercept, December 16, 2014, https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2014/12/16/u-s-tv-media-gives-ample-platform-american-torturers-victims/.
37.Henry A. Giroux, The Violence of Organized Forgetting: Thinking beyond America’s Dis-imagination Machine (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2015).
38.On the Phoenix Program, see Douglas Valentine, The Phoenix Program, and Carl Boggs, “Torture: An American Legacy.”
39.See, for one example of this type of analysis, Chauncey DeVega, “The Culture of Cruelty Is International: From Lynchings to Eric Garner and the CIA Torture Report,” We Are Respectable Negroes, December 10, 2014, http://www.chaunceydevega.com/2014/12/the-culture-of-cruelty-is-international.html.
40.Robert Jay Lifton, Death in Life: Survivors of Hiroshima (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987), 479.
41.Cited in Spencer Ackerman, “West Point Professor Calls on US Military to Target Legal Critics of War on Terror,” The Guardian (August 29, 2015). http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/aug/29/west-point-professor-target-legal-critics-war-on-terror. The paper that published this vile piece of terrorism has since disavowed the publication.
1.Immanuel Kant, Nicholas Walker (editor), James Creed Meredith (translator), Critique of Judgement, rev. ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 123.
2.Ariel Dorfman, “Repression by Any Other Name,” Guernica, February 3, 2014, http://www.guernicamag.com/features/repression-by-any-other-name/.
3.Zygmunt Bauman and David Lyon, Liquid Surveillance: A Conversation (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2013), 28.
4.Personal correspondence with my colleague David L. Clark, February 10, 2015.
5.Jenna Wortham, “Self-Portraits and Social Media: The Rise of the ‘Selfie’,” BBC News Magazine, June 6, 2013, http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-22511650.
6.Anita Biressi and Heather Nunn, “Selfishness in Austerity Times,” Soundings 56 (Spring 2014): 54–66, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/soundings_a_journal_of_politics_and_culture/v056/56.biressi.pdf.
7.Patricia Reaney, “Nip, Tuck, Click: Demand for U.S. Plastic Surgery Rises in Selfie Era,” Reuters, November 29, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/29/life-selfies-surgery-idUSL1N0SW1FI20141129/.
8.Ibid.
9.Peter Fonagy, Ethel Person, and Joseph Sandler, eds.. Freud’s “On Narcissism: An Introduction” ((New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991); and Christopher Lasch, The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991).
10.Lynn Stuart Parramore, “Can We Escape Narcissism in America? 5 Possible Antidotes,” Alternet.org, December 30, 2014, http://www.alternet.org/culture/can-we-escape-narcissism-america-5-possible-antidotes.
11.Reaney, “Nip, Tuck, Click.”
12.Brad Evans and Henry A. Giroux, Disposable Futures (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2015).
13.Jonathan Crary, 24/7: Late Capitalism and the Ends of Sleep (Brooklyn, NY: Verso Press, 2013), 5.
14.Ibid., 17.
15.D.K.A., “A *Different* Selfie Article: Decolonizing Representations of Women of Color!,” Browntourage, March 17, 2015, http://www.browntourage.com/magazine/look-at-me/.
16.The kind of babble defending selfies without any critical commentary can be found in Wortham, “Self-Portraits and Social Media.”
17.Rachel Simmons, “Selfies Are Good for Girls,” Slate, November 20, 2013, http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2013/11/selfies_on_instagram_and_facebook_are_tiny_bursts_of_girl_pride.html.
18.Erin Gloria Ryan, “Selfies Aren’t Empowering, They’re a Cry for Help,” Jezebel, November 21, 2013, http://jezebel.com/selfies-arent-empowering-theyre-a-cry-for-help-1468965365.
19.Michelle K. Wolf, “Disability Selfies,” Jewish Journal, August 4, 2014, http://www.jewish-journal.com/lifestyle/article/disability_selfies.
20.Ibid.
21.Kate Murphy, “We Want Privacy but Can’t Stop Sharing,” New York Times, October 4, 2014.
22.Ibid.
23.Eli Wolfe, “How Social Media Is Shaping the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict,” Kicker, July 24, 2014, http://gokicker.com/2014/07/24/heres-social-media-israeli-palestinian-conflict/. See also https://www.facebook.com/selfiesforpalestine.
24.Mark Fisher, Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative? (Winchester, UK: Zero Books, 2009), 74.
25.Quentin Skinner and Richard Marshall “Liberty, Liberalism and Surveillance: A Historic Overview,” Open Democracy, July 26, 2013, http://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/quentin-skinner-richard-marshall/liberty-liberalism-and-surveillance-historic-overview.
26.Henry A. Giroux, “Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State,” Truthout, February 10, 2015, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/21656-totalitarian-paranoia-in-the-post-orwellian-surveillance-state.
27.Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Declaration (New York: Argo Navis, 2012), 23.
28.Tom Engelhardt, “Tomgram: Engelhardt, A Surveillance State Scorecard,” Tom Dispatch.com, November 12, 2013, http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/175771/.
29.I take up many of these issues in Henry A. Giroux, The Violence of Organized Forgetting (San Francisco: City Lights Publishing, 2014); The Twilight of the Social (Boulder, CO: Paradigm Press, 2012), and Zombie Politics and Culture in the Age of Casino Capitalism (New York: Peter Lang, 2011).
30.See for instance the following sites: http://www.browntourage.com/magazine/look-at-me/; http://www.dailydot.com/lifestyle/transgender-community-needs-selfies/; http://fusion.net/story/4844/transgender-selfies-are-acts-of-revolutionary-self-love/ and http://www.vivalafeminista.com/2013/12/365feministselfie-are-you-in.html.
31.Alicia Eler, “The Feminist Politics of #Selfies,” Hyperallergic.com, November 25, 2013, http://hyperallergic.com/95150/the-radical-politics-of-selfies/.
32.D.K.A, “A *Different* Selfie Article.”
33.Hannah Arendt, “Ideology and Terror: A Novel Form of Government,” in The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001), 475.
34.Alex Honneth, Pathologies of Reason (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009), 188.
35.Skinner and Marshall, “Liberty, Liberalism and Surveillance.”
1.Research Bulletin: A New Majority Low Income Students Now a Majority in the Nation’s Public Schools (Washington, D.C.: Southern Education Foundation, January 2015, http://www.southerneducation.org/getattachment/4ac62e27-5260-47a5-9d02-14896ec3a531/A-New-Majority-2015-Update-Low-Income-Students-Now.aspx.
2.Andre Damon, “More than Half of U.S. Public School Students Living in Poverty,” Global Research, January 19, 2015, http://www.globalresearch.ca/more-than-half-of-us-public-school-students-living-in-poverty/5425563.
3.Jana Kasperkevic, “More than Half of U.S. Public School Students Live in Poverty, Report Finds,” The Guardian, January 17, 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/money/us-money-blog/2015/jan/17/public-school-students-poverty-report.
4.Peter Wagner and Leah Sakala, “Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie,” Prison Policy Initiative, March 12, 2014, http://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie.html; Campaign for Youth Justice, “Key Facts: Youth in the Justice System,” April 2012, http://www.campaignforyouthjustice.org/documents/KeyYouthCrimeFacts.pdf.
5.I take up a number of these issues in Henry A. Giroux, The Violence of Organized Forgetting (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2015); Henry A. Giroux, Dangerous Thinking in the Age of the New Authoritarianism (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2015); Henry A. Giroux, America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2013).
6.Paul Buchheit, “The Reality Tale of Two Education Systems,” AlterNet, January 11, 2015, http://www.alternet.org/education/reality-tale-two-education-systems-one-poor-and-one-rest.
7.Cited in William Robinson, “In the Wake of Ayotzinapa, Adonde va Mexico?” Truthout (December 8, 2014, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/27862-in-the-wake-of-ayotzinapa-adonde-va-mexico.
8.Amy Goodman, ‘Noam Chomsky: Austerity Is Just Class War,” Alternet (July 2, 2015). http://www.alternet.org/economy/noam-chomsky-austerity-just-class-war
9.Guy Standing, The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2011), 179.
10.Allan Pyke, “To Make Up for His Massive Tax Cuts, Kansas Governor Proposes Cutting Schools,” Think Progress, January 22, 2015, http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2015/01/22/3614508/kansas-short-term-thinking-budget/.
11.Chris Hedges, “We Are All Greeks Now,” Truthdig (July 12, 2015). http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/we_are_all_greeks_now_20150712
12.Paul Krugman, “Hating Good Government,” New York Times, January 18, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/19/opinion/paul-krugman-hating-good-government.html.
13.Susan Buck-Morss, “Democracy: An Unfinished Project,” boundary 2 41/2 (2014): 87.
14.David Theo Goldberg, Are We All Postracial Yet? (London: Polity, 2015).
15.Keith Ellison, “The Link Between Police Tactics and Economic Conditions Cannot Be Ignored,” The Guardian, June 8, 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/08/police-tactics-economic-conditions-republican-policies.
16.Ibid.
17.David Graeber, “Ferguson and the Criminalization of American Life,” Gawker, March 19, 2015, http://gawker.com/ferguson-and-the-criminalization-of-american-life-1692392051.
18.Michael Martinez, Alexandra Meeks, and Ed Lavandera, “Policing for Profit: How Ferguson’s Fines Violated Rights of African-Americans,” CNN.com, March 6, 2015, http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/06/us/ferguson-missouri-racism-tickets-fines/.
19.Ibid.
20.See Hannah Arendt, Hannah Arendt: The Last Interview and Other Conversations (Brooklyn, NY: Melville House Publishing, 2013), 33–34.
21.There are many books analyzing the hijacking of America by the financial elite; see, for example, Charles H. Ferguson, Predator Nation: Corporate Criminals, Political Corruption, and the Hijacking of America (New York: Crown-Business, 2013).
22.Ellison, “The Link Between Police Tactics.”
23.Stephen Lendman, “Police State France, New Anti-Terrorism Legislation, Threat to Civil Liberties,” Global Research, January 10, 2015, http://www.globalresearch.ca/police-state-france-new-anti-terrorism-legislation-threat-to-civil-liberties/5423798.
24.Ibid.
25.Ibid.
26.Ibid.
27.Editorial, “Bill C-24 Is Wrong: There Is Only One Kind of Canadian Citizen,” Globe and Mail, June 30, 2014, http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/editorials/bill-c-24-is-wrong-there-is-only-one-kind-of-canadian-citizen/article19400982/.
28.See Richard Sennett’s lecture on “Disposable Life” in the Histories of Violence Project, available at http://historiesofviolence.com/specialseries/disposable-life/.
29.John W. Whitehead, “Zero Tolerance Schools Discipline Without Wiggle Room,” Huffington Post (August 5, 2015). Online at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-w-white-head/zero-tolerance-policies-schools_b_819594.html. See also John Whitehead, A Government of Wolves: The Emerging American Police State (New York: Select Books, 2013); John W. Whitehead, “Arrested Development: The Criminalization of America’s Schoolchildren.” NJToday.net, May 7, 2012, http://njtoday.net/2012/05/07/arrested-development-the-criminalization-of-americas-schoolchildren/.
30.Alex Chastain, “More American Cities Are Punishing the Homeless for Being Homeless,” Ring of Fire, November 18, 2014, http://www.ringoffireradio.com/2014/11/more-american-cities-are-punishing-the-homeless-for-being-homeless/.
31.Mark Fisher, Capitalist Realism (London: Zero Books, 2009), 74.
32.Terry Eagleton, “Reappraisals: What is the worth of social democracy?” Harper’s Magazine, (October 2010), p. 78.
33.Pierre Bourdieu, Acts of Resistance (New York: Free Press, 1998), 11.
34.Arun Gupta, “How the Democrats Became the Party of Neoliberals,” CounterPunch, November 3, 2014, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/11/03/how-the-democrats-became-the-party-of-neoliberalism/.
35.Editors, “15 Ways Bill Clinton’s White House Failed America and the World,” AlterNet, June 22, 2015, http://www.alternet.org/election-2016/15-ways-bill-clintons-white-house-failed-america-and-world.
36.Joseph Kishore, “The Democratic Party Implosion,” World Socialist Web Site, November 6, 2014, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2014/11/06/pers-n06.html. It is worth noting that what the WSWS thinks are class issues and what the electorate does might be two different things.
37.Paul Bucheit, “The Carnage of Capitalism” CommonDreams.org, August 18, 2014, http://www.commondreams.org/views/2014/08/18/carnage-capitalism.
38.Jacques Derrida, interview with Jean Birnbaum, in Learning to Live Finally: The Last Interview (Brooklyn, NY: Melville House Publishing, 2007), 12–13.
1.See, for instance, Alice Ollstein, “Scott Walker Wants to Run the Country: Here Is How He Ran Wisconsin,” Thinkprogress.org, July 13, 2014, http://thinkprogress.org/election/2015/07/13/3614885/scott-walker-wants-run-country-ran-wisconsin/.
2.Elisabetta Povoledo and Doreen Carvajal, “Increasingly in Europe, Suicides ‘by Economic Crisis,’” New York Times, April 14, 2012.
3.Ibid.
4.Nikolaos Antonakakis and Alan Collins, “The Impact of Fiscal Austerity on Suicide: On the Empirics of a Modern Greek Tragedy,” Social Science & Medicine 112 (July 2014): 39–50.
5.Former finance minister Yannis Varoufakis said just this to the troika, and this was one of the things the troika found so unpalatable that they began to hint they could not deal with him.
6.Joerg Bibow, “Time to End Europe’s Disgrace of Holding Greek People Hostage,” The Conversation, June 10, 2015, http://theconversation.com/time-to-end-europes-disgrace-of-holding-greek-people-hostage-42939.
7.Zygmunt Bauman, “Capitalism Has Learned to Create Host Organisms,” The Guardian, October 18, 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/oct/18/capitalism-parasite-hosts. On matters of disposability, see Zygmunt Bauman, Wasted Lives (London: Polity Press, 2004).
8.One of the best commentaries on inequality in the midst of a slew of high-profile books on the subject can be found in Michael Yates, “The Great Inequality,” Monthly Review 63/10 (March 2012), http://monthlyreview.org/2012/03/01/the-great-inequality.
9.Suzanne Mettler, Degrees of Inequality: How the Politics of Higher Education Sabotaged the American Dream (New York: Basic Books, 2014).
10.On the issue of inequality, see especially Yates, The Great Inequality (Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2016).
11.See, for instance, Henry A. Giroux, The Violence of Organized Forgetting (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2014).
12.Richard D. Wolff, “Austerity: Why and for Whom?,” In These Times, July 15, 2010, http://www.inthesetimes.com/article/6232/austerity_why_and_for_whom/.
13.Bauman, “Capitalism Has Learned.”
14.The most famous proponent of creative destruction is Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, 3rd ed. (New York: Harper, 2008). See also Kenneth J. Saltman, Capitalizing on Disaster: Taking and Breaking Public Schools (Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2007); and Naomi Klein, The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism (New York: Picador, 2008).
15.See, for example, what is happening in Greece, the epicenter of austerity measures. C. J. Polychroniou, “The Greek ‘Success Story’ of a Crushing Economy and a Failed State,” Truthout, January 9, 2014, http://truth-out.org/news/item/21265-the-greek-success-story-of-a-crushing-economy-and-a-failed-state.
16.Suzanne Daley, “Greek Patience with Austerity Nears Its Limit,” New York Times, December 29, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/30/world/europe/greek-patience-with-austerity-nears-its-limit-.html.
17.Thomas Piketty, Jeffrey Sachs, Heiner Flassbeck, Dani Rodrik, and Simon Wren-Lewis “Austerity Has Failed: An Open Letter from Thomas Piketty to Angela Merkel,” The Nation (July 7, 2015). http://www.thenation.com/article/austerity-has-failed-an-open-letter-from-thomas-piketty-to-angela-merkel/.
18.C. J. Polychroniou, “Greek Referendum Is a Machiavellian Plot,” Al Jazeera, June 28, 2015, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/06/greek-referendum-machiavellian-plot-tsipras-150628060443154.html.
19.C. J. Polychroniou, “Greek Austerity Is Dead, Long Live Austerity,” Al Jazeera, July 12, 2015, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/07/greek-austerity-dead-long-live-austerity-150712083735451.html; Henning Meyer, “What Are the Consequences of the Greek Deal?,” Social Europe, July 13, 2015, http://www.socialeurope.eu/2015/07/what-are-the-consequences-of-the-greek-deal/.
20.Jennifer M. Silva, Coming Up Short: Working-Class Adulthood in an Age of Uncertainty (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 25.
21.C. J. Polychroniou, “The Resurgence of Authoritarianism in Economically Beleaguered Greece: The Shaping of a Proto-Fascist State,” Truthout, November 26, 2013, http://truth-out.org/news/item/20167-the-resurgence-of-authoritarianism-in-economically-beleaguered-greece-and-the-shaping-of-a-neoliberal-proto-fascist-state. See also Ellen Brown, “Greece Takes on the Vampire Squid,” CounterPunch January 7, 2015, http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/01/07/greece-takes-on-the-vampire-squid/.
22.Daley, “Greek Patience with Austerity Nears Its Limit.”
23.Anita Biressi and Heather Nunn, “Selfishness in Austerity Times,” Soundings 56 (Spring 2014): 56.
24.Michelle Chen, “Jeb Bush Wants You to Work Longer Hours,” The Nation, July 10, 2015, http://www.thenation.com/article/jeb-bush-wants-you-to-work-longer-hours/.
25.Ibid.
26.Paul Krugman, “Twin Peaks Planet,” New York Times, January 1, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/02/opinion/paul-krugman-twin-peaks-planet.html.
27.John Stauber, “The Progressive Movement Is a PR Front for Rich Democracies,” Counter-Punch, March 15–17, 2013, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/03/15/the-progressive-movement-is-a-pr-front-for-rich-democrats/.
28.Michael Hudson, “The Coming War on Pensions,” CounterPunch, January 5, 2015, http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/01/05/the-coming-war-on-pensions/.
1.Hannah Arendt, “Ideology and Terror: A Novel Form of Government,” The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001), 464.
2.I take up this issue in great detail in Henry A. Giroux, Dangerous Thinking in the Age of the New Authoritarianism (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2015).
3.Nicholas Kristof, “When Whites Just Don’t Get It, Part 5,” New York Times, November 29, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/30/opinion/sunday/nicholas-kristof-when-whites-just-dont-get-it-part-5.html. Two important books on racism and mass incarceration: Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (New York: New Press, 2012); and Maya Schenwar, Locked Down, Locked Out: Why Prison Doesn’t Work and How We Can Do Better (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2014).
4.Jon Ronson, The Psychopath Test: A Journey through the Madness Industry (New York: Riverhead Books, 2012); Desh Kapoor, “Are CEOs and Entrepreneurs Psychopaths? Multiple Studies Say ‘Yes,’” Drishtikone, October 1, 2013, http://www.patheos.com/blogs/drishtikone/2013/10/are-ceos-and-entrepreneurs-psychopaths-multiple-studies-say-yes.
5.Personal correspondence with David L. Clark on September 1, 2015.
6.Arif Dirlik, personal correspondence, December 5, 2014.
7.Margaret Talbot, “Why Cameras on Police Officers Won’t Save Us,” The New Yorker, December 4, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/camera-police-officers-wont-save-us.
8.Lauren C. Regan, “The Secret Darkness of Grand Juries,” CounterPunch, November 28-30, 2014, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/11/28/the-secret-darkness-of-grand-juries/print; Ginia Bellafante, “Police Violence Seems to Result in No Punishment,” New York Times, December 4, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/07/nyregion/police-violence-seems-to-result-in-no-punishment.html.
9.Mychal Denzel Smith, “The System That Failed Eric Garner and Michael Brown Cannot Be Reformed,” The Nation, December 3, 2014, http://www.thenation.com/blog/191929/system-failed-eric-garner-and-michael-brown-cannot-be-reformed.
10.Jelani Cobb, “No Such Thing as Racial Profiling,” The New Yorker, December 4, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/eric-garner-racial-profiling.
11.Chase Madar, “Why It’s Impossible to Indict a Cop,” The Nation (November 25, 2014). http://www.thenation.com/article/why-its-impossible-indict-cop/.
12.Elijah Anderson, “What Caused the Ferguson Riot Exists in So Many Other Cities Too,” Washington Post, December 3, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2014/08/13/what-caused-the-ferguson-riot-exists-in-so-many-other-cities-too/.
13.Eba Hamid and Benjamin Mueller, “Fatal Police Encounters in New York City,” New York Times, December 3, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/nyregion/fatal-police-encounters-in-new-york-city.html.
14.David Theo Goldberg, “Revelations of ‘Postracial Ferguson,’ ” Truthout, December 3, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/27773-revelations-of-postracial-ferguson.
15.Chase Madar, “Why It’s Impossible to Indict a Cop,” The Nation, December 4, 2014. https://www.thenation.com/article/190937/why-its-impossible-indict-cop.
16.Editors, “Donald Trump’s Presidential Announcement Speech,” Time, June 16, 2015, http://time.com/3923128/donald-trump-announcement-speech/.
17.John Feffer, “Racial Apartheid in America,” CounterPunch, December 4, 2014, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/12/04/racial-apartheid-in-america/.
18.Ta-Nehisi Coates, “Take Down the Confederate Flag—Now,” The Atlantic, June 18, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/06/take-down-the-confederate-flag-now/396290/.
19.Frank Rich, “The Confederate-Flag Debate Spotlights the GOP’s Moral Cowardice,” New York Times, June 24, 2015, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/06/confederate-flag-debate-shows-gops-cowardice.html.
20.Ibid.
21.On domestic terrorism, see the important work of Ruth Gilmore, Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California (Oakland: University of California Press, 2009).
22.Jason Stanley, “The War on Thugs,” Chronicle of Higher Education, June 10, 2015, http://chronicle.com/article/The-War-on-Thugs/230787.
23.Jennifer Gonnerman, “Kalief Browder, 1993-2015,” The New Yorker, June 7, 2015, http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/kalief-browder-1993-2015.
24.Robin D. G. Kelley, “Why We Won’t Wait,” Counter Punch, November 25, 2014, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/11/25/75039/.
25.Arianna Skibell, “ ‘We are fighting for our lives’: The Little-Known Youth Movement Rising Against Police Brutality,” Salon, February 25, 2015, http://www.salon.com/2015/02/25/we_are_fighting_for_our_lives; Danielle Allen and Cathy Cohen, “The New Civil rights Movement Doesn’t Need an MLK,” Washington Post, April 10, 2015, http://www.wash-ingtonpost.com/opinions/the-new-civil-rights-movement/2015/04/10/e43d2caad8bb-11e4-ba28-f2a685dc7f89_story.html.
26.Amy Goodman, “Michelle Alexander: Ferguson Shows Why Criminal Justice System of ‘Racial Control’ Should be Undone,” Democracy Now!, March 4, 2015, http://www.democracynow.org/2015/3/4/michelle_alexander_ferguson_shows_why_criminal.
27.Jody Sokolower, “Schools and the New Jim Crow: An Interview with Michelle Alexander,” Truthout, June 4, 2013,http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/16756-schools-and-the-new-jim-crow-an-interview-with-michelle-alexander.
28.Robin D. G. Kelley, “Why We Won’t Wait,” CounterPunch, November 25, 2014, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/11/25/75039/.
1.James Baldwin, talk delivered October 16, 1963, as “The Negro Child—His Self-Image” at Stanford University; originally published in The Saturday Review (December 21, 1963), and reprinted in The Price of the Ticket, Collected Non-Fiction 1948-1985 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985), 325–32.
2.For a recent list of such killings, see Jamal Simmons, “Why Hope Has Turned to Fury in America,” Telegraph, May 4, 2015, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/11580619/Why-hope-has-turned-to-fury-in-America.html.
3.Isabel Wilkerson, “Mike Brown’s Shooting and Jim Crow Lynchings Have Too Much in Common: It’s Time for America to Own Up,” The Guardian, August 24, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/25/mike-brown-shooting-jim-crow-lynchings-in-common.
4.Frank Rich, “The Right Is Race-Baiting on Baltimore: Hillary Clinton Needs to Take a Stand,” New York, April 29, 2015, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/04/why-the-right-is-race-baiting-on-baltimore.html.
5.Craig Harrington, “The Worst Conservative Media Reactions to the Baltimore Riots,” Media Matters, April 28, 2015, http://mediamatters.org/research/2015/04/28/the-worst-conservative-media-reactions-to-the-b/203446.
6.Alex Kane, “Miss a Traffic Ticket, Go to Jail? The Return of Debtor Prison (Hard Times, USA),” Alternet, February 3, 2013, http://www.alternet.org/miss-traffic-ticket-go-jail-return-debtor-prison-hard-times-usa.
7.For a recent commentary on the history, Nicholas Powers, “Killing the Future: The Theft of Black Life,” Truthout, April 29, 2015, http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/30489-killing-the-future-the-theft-of-black-life.
8.Lauren Gambino, “Family of Black Man Fatally Shot by Police in Ohio Walmart Files Lawsuit,” The Guardian, December 16, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/16/ohio-walmart-police-shooting-lawsuit-crawford.
9.Ibid.
10.Chase Madar, “Why It’s Impossible to Indict a Cop,” The Nation, December 4, 2014, https://www.thenation.com/article/190937/why-its-impossible-indict-cop.
11.Amy Goodman, “The American Dream: Living to 18,” Truthdig, May 6, 2015, ttp://www.truthdig.com/report/print/the_american_dream_living_to_18_20150506.
12.Cited in Chris Hedges, “Tariq Ali: The Time Is Right for a Palace Revolution,” Truthdig, March 1, 2015, http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/tariq_ali_the_time_is_right_for_a_palace_revolution_20150301.
13.Valerie Harper, “Challenging a ‘Disposable Future,’ Looking to a Politics of Possibility—Interview with Brad Evans and Henry A. Giroux,” Truthout, May 10, 2015, http://www.truth-out.org/progressivepicks/item/30594-challenging-a-disposable-future-looking-to-a-politics-of-possibility.
14.See, for example, Maya Schenwar, Locked Down, Locked Out (Oakland: Berrett-Koehler, 2014); Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (New York: New Press, 2012); and Heidi Boghosian, Spying on Democracy: Government Surveillance, Corporate Power and Public Resistance (San Francisco: City Lights, 2013).
15.Hanqing Chen, “The Best Reporting on Federal Push to Militarize Local Police,” Truth Dig, August 20, 2014, http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/the_best_reporting_on_federal_push_to_militarize_local_police_20140820.
16.On the concept of the culture of war, see John Hinkson, “War Culture,” Arena Magazine 135 (April–May 2015): 2–3.
17.Chen, “The Best Reporting.”
18.Ibid.
19.Angela Y. Davis, The Meaning of Freedom (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2012).
20.Chris Hedges, “Rise of the New Black Radicals,” Truthdig, April 26, 2015, http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/rise_of_the_new_black_radicals_20150426.
21.On this issue, see, for instance, the always insightful Robin D. G. Kelley, “Why We Won’t Wait,” Counterpunch, November 25, 2014, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/11/25/75039/.
22.Andrew Kolin, cited in Jason Leopold, “Occupy the Police State,” Truthout, December 8, 2011, http://www.truth-out.org/occupy-police-state/1323354633. The theme of the growing police state is developed extensively in Andrew Kolin, State Power and Democracy: Before and during the Presidency of George W. Bush (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).
23.ACLU, War Comes Home: The Excessive Militarization of American Policing (New York: ACLU, 2014), https://www.aclu.org/sites/default/files/assets/jus14-warcomeshome-report-web-rel1.pdf.
24.Radley Balko, “New ACLU Report Takes a Snapshot of Police Militarization in the United States,” Washington Post, June 24, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2014/06/24/new-aclu-report-takes-a-snapshot-of-police-militarization-in-the-united-states/.
25.Stephanie Burnett, “SWAT Teams Treat U.S. Neighborhoods ‘Like a War Zone,’” Time, June 24, 2014, http://time.com/2916554/aclu-police-militarized-report-swat-war-comes-home/.
26.Radley Balko, “New ACLU Report Takes a Snapshot of Police Militarization in the United States,” Washington Post, June 24, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2014/06/24/new-aclu-report-takes-a-snapshot-of-police-militarization-in-the-united-states/.
27.John Whitehead, “Arrested Development: The Criminalization of America’s Schoolchildren,” NJToday.net, May 7, 2012, http://njtoday.net/2012/05/07/arrested-development-the-criminalization-of-americas-schoolchildren/. For an extended development of this argument, see the excellent John W. Whitehead, A Government of Wolves: The Emerging American Police State (New York: SelectBooks, 2013). Also see Kenneth J. Saltman and David A. Gabbard, Education as Enforcement: The Militarization and Corporatization of Schools, 2nd ed. (New York: Routledge, 2010).
28.See Henry A. Giroux, University in Chains: Challenging the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex (Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2007).
29.See Paul Buchheit, “The Numbers Are Staggering: U.S. Is ‘World Leader’ in Child Poverty,” Alternet, April 13, 2015, http://www.alternet.org/economy/numbers-are-staggering-us-world-leader-child-poverty.
30.Ibid.
31.Alex Honneth, Pathologies of Reason (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009), 188.
32.See, for instance, Jonathan Simon, Governing through Crime: How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007). Also see Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (New York: New Press, 2012), and Maya Schenwar, Locked Down, Locked Out: Why Prison Doesn’t Work and How We Can Do Better (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2014).
33.Dave Manoucheri, “5-Year-Old Handcuffed, Charged with Battery on Officer,” KCRA, November 23, 2011, http://www.kcra.com/news/29847063/detail.html.
34.Kay Steiger, “Teen Kept in Solitary Confinement for 143 Days before Even Facing Trial,” Think Progress, March 28, 2015, http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2015/03/28/3640234/teen-kept-solitary-confinement-143-days-even-facing-trial/.
35.Ibid.
36.Erica Goode, “Many in U.S. Are Arrested by Age 23, Study Finds,” New York Times, December 19, 2011.
37.Michelle Alexander, “Michelle Alexander, The Age of Obama as a Racial Nightmare,” TomDispatch, March 25, 2012, http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175520/best_of_tomdispatch%3A_michelle_alexander,_the_age_of_obama_as_a_racial_nightmare.
38.Sonali Kolhatkar, “A Reflection of Our Barbarity: Jailing Immigrant Mothers and Babies,” Truthdig, April 23, 2015, http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/a_reflection_of_our_barbarity_20150423.
39.Karen Dolan with Jodi L. Carr, The Poor Get Prison: The Alarming Spread of the Criminalization of Poverty (New York: Institute for Policy Studies, 2015), http://www.ips-dc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IPS-The-Poor-Get-Prison-Final.pdf.
40.Maya Schenwar, “Too Many People in Jail? Abolish Bail,” New York Times, May 18, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/09/opinion/too-many-people-in-jail-abolish-bail.html.
41.Dolan with Carr, The Poor Get Prison.
42.Allie Gross, “In Georgia, a Traffic Ticket Can Land You in the Slammer,” Mother Jones, February 26, 2015, http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/02/georgia-probation-misdemeanor-poor-jail.
43.Dolan with Carr, The Poor Get Prison.
44.David Graeber, “Ferguson and the Criminalization of American Life,” Gawker, March 19, 2015, http://gawker.com/ferguson-and-the-criminalization-of-american-life-1692392051.
45.Barbara Ehrenreich, “Foreword,” in Dolan with Carr, The Poor Get Prison.
46.Zoe Carpenter, “How Ferguson Uses Cops and the Courts to Prey on Its Residents,” The Nation, March 5, 2015, http://www.thenation.com/blog/200185/how-ferguson-missouri-uses-cops-and-courts-prey-its-residents. On this issue, see also the prescient article by Radley Balko, “How Municipalities in St. Louis County, Mo., Profit from Poverty,” Washington Post, September 3, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2014/09/03/how-st-louis-county-missouri-profits-from-poverty/.
47.On the iniquitous race- and class-based workings of the criminal justice system, see Matt Taibbi, The Divide: American Injustice in the Age of the Wealth Gap (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2014).
48.Marian Wright Edelman, “Criminalizing Poverty,” Children’s Defense Fund, May 8, 2015, http://cdf.childrensdefense.org/site/MessageViewer?dlv_id=41044&em_id=42725.0.
49.See, for instance, Hannah Rappleye and Lisa Riordan Seville, “The Town that Turned Poverty into a Prison Sentence,” The Nation, April 14, 2014, http://www.thenation.com/article/178845/town-turned-poverty-prison-sentence.
50.Dolan with Carr, The Poor Get Prison.
51.Josh Sager, “Profitized Policing: When Courts Become Shakedown Rackets,” The Progressive Cynic, March 9, 2015, http://theprogressivecynic.com/2015/03/09/profitized-policing-when-courts-become-shakedown-rackets/.
52.Graeber, “Ferguson and the Criminalization of American Life.”
53.Bethania Palma Markus, “Journalist Calls for Accountability in Police Killings,” Truthout, March 18, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/22538-journalist-calls-for-accountability-in-police-killings.
54.Ibid.
55.Tom McCarthy, “Police Officer Who Fatally Shot Tamir Rice Judged Unfit for Duty in 2012,” The Guardian, December 4, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/03/officer-who-fatally-shot-tamir-rice-had-been-judged-unfit.
56.Ta-Nehisi Coates, “The Myth of Police Reforms,” The Atlantic, April 15, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/04/the-myth-of-police-reform/390057/.
57.I am paraphrasing from Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire (New York: Penguin Press, 2004), 15.
58.Cited in Kathleen Copps, “Omar Khadr and the Charter of Rights,” Rabble.Ca (April 28, 2014). http://rabble.ca/news/2014/04/omar-khadr-and-charter-rights.
59.Laura Flanders, “Building Movements without Shedding Differences: Alicia Garza of #BlackLivesMatter,” Truthout, March 24, 2015, http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/29813-building-movements-without-shedding-differences-alicia-garza.
60.Coates, “The Myth of Police Reforms.”
61.Annette Fuentes, Lockdown High: When the Schoolhouse Becomes a Jailhouse (New York: Verso, 2011); Henry A. Giroux, Youth in a Suspect Society (New York: Palgrave, 2010).
62.See, for example, Brad Evans and Henry A. Giroux, Disposable Futures (San Francisco: City Lights, 2015); and Saskia Sassen, Expulsions: Brutality and Complexity in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Belknap, 2014).
63.Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., “Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence,” American Rhetoric, n.d., available at: http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkatimetobreaksilence.htm.
64.One interesting list produced in response to the Baltimore uprising can be seen in James C. Perkins, “Baltimore Riots against Police Violence—Tikkun and the Baptist Response,” Tikkun, April 30, 2015, http://www.tikkun.org/nextgen/baltimore-riots-against-police-violence-tikkun-and-the-baptist-response.
65.Peter Bloom, “Baltimore’s Dangerous Politics of Containment,” Open Democracy, April 29, 2015, https://www.opendemocracy.net/peter-bloom/baltimore%E2%80%99s-dangerous-politics-of-containment.
66.Ibid.
67.Elijah Anderson, “What Caused the Ferguson Riot Exists in So Many Other Cities Too,” Washington Post, December 3, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2014/08/13/what-caused-the-ferguson-riot-exists-in-so-many-other-cities-too/.
68.Matt Taibbi, “The Police in America Are Becoming Illegitimate,” Rolling Stone, December 5, 2015, http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/the-police-in-america-are-becoming-illegitimate-20141205.
69.Richard J. Bernstein, The Abuse of Evil: The Corruption of Politics and Religion since 9/11, (London: Polity Press, 2005), 75.
70.Amy Goodman, “Michelle Alexander: Ferguson Shows Why Criminal Justice System of ‘Racial Control’ Should Be Undone,” Democracy Now!, March 4, 2015, http://www.democracynow.org/2015/3/4/michelle_alexander_ferguson_shows_why_criminal.
71.Kelly Hayes, “To Baltimore with Love: Chicago’s Freedom Dreams,” Truthout, April 30, 2015, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/30531-to-baltimore-with-love-chicago-s-freedom-dreams.
72.Cited in ibid.
1.Epigraph: James Young, “The Holocaust as Vicarious Past: Art Spiegelman’s Maus and the Afterimages of History,” Critical Inquiry 24 (Spring 1998): 667.
2.John Dewey, cited in E. L. Hollander, “The Engaged University,” Academe, July–August 2000, http://www.aaup.org/publications/Academe/2000/00ja/JA00Holl.htm.
3.This position has been developed fully in the works of a number of educators. See especially Kenneth Saltman, The Failure of Corporate School Reform (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2012); Alexander J. Means, Schooling in the Age of Austerity: Urban Education and the Struggle for Democratic Life (New York: Palgrave, 2013); Diane Ravitch, Reign of Error: The Hoax of the Privatization Movement and the Danger to America’s Public Schools (New York: Vintage, 2014). See also Henry A. Giroux, Schooling and the Struggle for Public Life (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2005).
4.See John Hinck, “A Half Century after Mario Savio’s Berkeley Speech and Today’s Warming Planet.” CommonDreams, December 2, 2014, http://www.commondreams.org/views/2014/12/02/half-century-after-mario-savios-berkeley-speech-and-todays-warming-planet.
5.Lewis F. Powell, Jr., “The Powell Memo,” ReclaimDemocracy.org, August 23, 1971, http://reclaimdemocracy.org/corporate_accountability/powell_memo_lewis.html.
6.Ibid. I am drawing here on a previous analysis of the memo: see Henry A. Giroux, “The Powell Memo and the Teaching Machines of Right-Wing Extremists,” Truthout, October 2009, http://truth-out.org/archive/component/k2/item/86304:the-powell-memo-and-the-teaching-machines-of-rightwing-extremists. I have also taken up this issue in Henry A. Giroux, The University in Chains: Challenging the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex (Boulder: Paradigm, 2007).
7.Many of the ideas here and in the next chapter are drawn from Henry A. Giroux, Youth in a Suspect Society: Democracy or Disposability (New York: Palgrave, 2009).
8.Editorial, “Targeting the Academy,” Media Transparency, March 2003, http://www.mediatransparency.org/conservativephilanthropy.php?conservativePhilanthropyPageID=11.
9.Editorial, “Targeting the Academy.”
10.Max Blumenthal, “How My Dispute with Joe Scarborough Sheds Light on the Civil War within the GOP,” Alternet, October 13, 2009, http://www.alternet.org/story/143262/how_my_dispute_with_joe_scarborough_sheds_light_on_the_civil_war_within_the_gop.
11.For a brilliant source on this issue, see Christopher Newfield, Unmaking the Public University: The Forty-Year Assault on the Middle Class (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011).
12.Even the popular press had to acknowledge left-wing criticism of Silber. See, for example, Gail Jennes, “Colossus or Megalomaniac, Boston University’s John Silber Keeps His Campus in Turmoil,” People, June 2, 1980, http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20076633,00.html. For a more serious treatment of Silber’s tyranny, see Nicholas D. Kristof, “John R. Silber: War and Peace at Boston University,” Harvard Crimson, November 28, 1979, http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1979/11/28/john-r-silber-war-and-peace/. For an analysis of the post-9/11 turn to the culture of fear and its repression of educators, see Susan Searls Giroux, Between Race and Reason: Violence, Intellectual Responsibility, and the University to Come (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2010).
13.See, for instance, Michael D. Yates, “Us Versus Them: Laboring in the Academic Factory,” Cheap Hotels and a Hotplate: An Economist’s Travelogue, October 2, 2012, http://cheapmotelsandahotplate.org/2012/10/02/us-versus-them-laboring-in-the-academic-factory/.
14.Jerry L. Martin and Anne D. Neal, Defending Civilization: How Our Universities Are Failing America and What Can Be Done about It, ACTA Report, November 2001, http://www.la.utexas.edu/~chenry/2001LynnCheneyjsg01ax1.pdf. This statement was deleted from the revised February 2002 version of the report available on the ACTA website: http://www.goacta.org/publications/Reports/defciv.pdf.
15.Colman McCarthy, “Adjunct Professors Fight for Crumbs on Campus,” Washington Post, August 22, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/adjunct-professors-fight-for-crumbs-on-campus/2014/08/22/ca92eb38-28b1-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html.
16.Ibid.
17.Stacey Patton, “The Ph.D. Now Comes with Food Stamps,” Chronicle of Higher Education, May 6, 2012, http://chronicle.com/article/From-Graduate-School-to/131795/.
18.On this issue, see the important collection: Carlo Fanelli and Bryan Evans, eds. Neoliberalism and the Degradation of Education (Toronto: Alternate Routes, 2015); also see, Henry A. Giroux, Neoliberalism’s War on Higher Education (Chicago: Haymarket, 2014).
19.One good example of a group taking up this struggle can be found at http://www.cocalinternational.org/.
20.Kate Jenkins, “The Tall Task of Unifying Part-Time Professors,” The Atlantic, February 15, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/02/the-tall-task-of-unifying-part-time-professors/385507/.
21.William B. Stanley, Curriculum for Utopia: Social Reconstructionism and Critical Pedagogy in the Postmodern Era (New York: SUNY Series, 1992). See also Henry A. Giroux, Schooling and the Struggle for Public Life.
22.I take this issue up in great detail in Henry A. Giroux and Susan Searls Giroux, Take Back Higher Education (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004); and Henry A. Giroux, Against the Terror of Neoliberalism (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2008). Also, see Henry A. Giroux, The University in Chains: Challenging the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2011).
23.See Henry A. Giroux, Neoliberalism’s War on Higher Education; Henry A. Giroux, America’s Educational Deficit and the War on Youth (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2013); and Stanley Aronowitz, Against Schooling: For an Education that Matters (Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2008).
24.Wendy Brown, Regulating Aversion (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006), 88.
25.John Dewey, Individualism: Old and New (New York: Minton, Balch, 1930), 41.
26.Richard J. Bernstein, The Abuse of Evil: The Corruption of Politics and Religion since 9/11 (London: Polity, 2005), 45.
27.James B. Conant, “Wanted: American Radicals,” The Atlantic, May 1943, http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/95sep/ets/radical.htm.
28.Doug Lederman, “Rethinking Student Aid, Radically,” Inside Higher Education, September 19, 2008, http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2008/09/19/rethink.
29.For an excellent analysis of this attack, see Beshara Doumani, “Between Coercion and Privatization: Academic Freedom in the Twenty-First Century,” in Academic Freedom after September 11, ed. Doumani (Cambridge, MA: Zone Books, 2006), 11–57; and Evan Gerstmann and Matthew J. Streb, Academic Freedom at the Dawn of a New Century: How Terrorism, Governments, and Culture Wars Impact Free Speech (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006). A sustained and informative discussion of academic freedom after 9/11 can be found in Tom Abowd, Fida Adely, Lori Allen, Laura Bier, Amahl Bishara et al., Academic Freedom and Professional Responsibility after 9/11: A Handbook for Scholars and Teachers (New York: Task Force on Middle East Anthropology, 2006); Anthony J. Nocella II, Steven Best, and Peter McLaren, eds., Academic Repression: Reflections from the Academic Industrial Complex (Baltimore: AK Press, 2010); Edward J. Carvalho and David Downing, eds., Academic Freedom in the Post 9/11 Era (New York: Palgrave, 2011); Piya Chatterjee and Sunaina Maira, eds., The Imperial University: Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014).
30.Daily Kos Staff, “Gov. Scott Walker seeks $300 million in university cuts, but $220 million to build Bucks a new arena,” Daily Kos (January 28, 2015) http://www.dailykos.com/story/2015/01/28/1360765/-Gov-Scott-Walker-seeks-300-million-in-university-cuts-but-220-million-to-build-Bucks-a-new-arena.
31.Mary Bottari and Jonas Persson, “Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker Tripped Up by Truth,” CommonDreams, February 6, 2015, http://www.commondreams.org/views/2015/02/06/wisconsin-gov-scott-walker-tripped-truth.
32.Colleen Flaherty, “Whose History?” Inside Higher Education, February 15, 2015, https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/02/23/oklahoma-legislature-targets-ap-us-history-framework-being-negative.
33.Judd Legum, “Oklahoma Lawmakers Vote Overwhelmingly to Ban Advanced Placement U.S. History,” Think Progress, February 17, 2015, http://thinkprogress.org/education/2015/02/17/3623683/oklahoma-lawmakers-vote-overwhleming-ban-advanced-placement-history-class/.
34.Valerie Strauss, “Ben Carson: New AP U.S. History Course Will Make Kids Want to Sign Up for ISIS,” Washington Post, September 29, 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2014/09/29/ben-carson-new-ap-u-s-history-course-will-make-kids-want-to-sign-up-for-isis/.
35.Ibid.
36.Thom Hartmann and the Daily Take Team, “The Conservative Attempt to Rewrite the United States’ Progressive History,” Truthout, February 23, 2015, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/29270-the-conservative-attempt-to-re-write-our-progressive-history.
37.For an insightful critique of Giuliani’s hypocritical appeal to love, see Wayne Barrett, “What Rudy Giuliani Knows about Love—A Response to His ‘Doesn’t Love America’ Critique of Obama,” New York Daily News, February 20, 2015, http://www.newyorker.com/news/amy-davidson/rudy-giuliani-obama-meaning-love.
38.Giuliani’s criticisms are almost always tinged with racism; see Janet Allon, “5 Absurd, Deeply Racist Things Rudy Giuliani Said This Week,” AlterNet, November 27, 2014, http://www.alternet.org/news-amp-politics/5-absurd-deeply-racist-things-rudy-giuliani-said-week.
39.Pierre Bourdieu, Acts of Resistance (New York: Free Press, 1998).
40.Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of Freedom (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 1998).
41.Mark Karlin, “Robert McChesney: We Need to Advocate Radical Solutions to Systemic Problems,” Truthout, January 2015, http://www.truth-out.org/progressivepicks/item/28294-robert-mcchesney-we-need-to-advocate-radical-solutions-to-systemic-problems.
42.Pierre Bourdieu and Gunther Grass, “The ‘Progressive’ Restoration: A Franco-German Dialogue,” New Left Review 14 (March–April, 2002): 2.
43.Chris Hedges, “Tariq Ali: The Time Is Right for a Palace Revolution,” Truthdig, March 1, 2015, http://www.truthdig.com/report/print/tariq_ali_the_time_is_right_for_a_palace_revolution_20150301.
44.Bourdieu, Acts of Resistance, 11.
45.Sarah Stein Lubrano and Johannes Lenhard, “Crises and Experimental Capitalism: An Interview with Nancy Fraser,” King’s Review Magazine, April 11, 2014, http://kingsreview.co.uk/magazine/blog/2014/04/11/crises-and-experimental-capitalism-an-interview-with-nancy-fraser/.
46.Ibid.
47.Hedges, “Tariq Ali.” For a somewhat different take, see Michael D. Yates, “Occupy Wall Street and the Significance of Political Slogans,” Counterpunch, February 27, 2013, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/02/27/occupy-wall-street-and-the-significance-of-political-slogans/.
48.Salvatore Babones, Sixteen for ’16: A Progressive Agenda for a Better America (Chicago: Policy Press, 2015).
49.Bernie Sanders, “An Economic Agenda for America: 12 Steps Forward,” Huffington Post (August 23, 2015), http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rep-bernie-sanders/an-economic-agenda-for-am_b_6249022.html.
50.Stanley Aronowitz, “Democrats in Disarray: This Donkey Can’t Save Our Asses,” The Indypendent, December 16, 2014), 13 https://indypendent.org/2014/12/16/democrats-disarray-donkey-can%E2%80%99t-save-our-asses.
51.Michael D. Yates, “The Growing Degradation of Work and Life and What We Might Do to End It,” Truthout, March 21, 2015, http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/29643-the-growing-degradation-of-work-and-life-and-what-we-might-do-to-end-it.
52.Ibid.
53.See, for instance, Carlos Declós, “Radical Democracy: Reclaiming The Commons,” Countercurrents, February 22, 2015, http://www.countercurrents.org/declos220215.htm.
54.David Price, “Memory’s Half-Life: A Social History of Wiretaps,” Counterpunch 20/6 (June 2013); 14.
55.See, Alicia Garza, “A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement,” The FeministWire (November 2014), http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/.
1.In the title I borrowed the term “classroom grace” from Kristen Case, “The Other Public Humanities,” Chronicle of Higher Education, January 13, 2014, http://m.chronicle.com/article/Ahas-Ahead/143867/.
2.I also reference this in Chapter 1. Cited in Spencer Ackerman, “West Point Professor Calls on US Military to Target Legal Critics of War on Terror,” The Guardian (August 29, 2015). http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/aug/29/west-point-professor-target-legal-critics-war-on-terror.
3.Murtaza Hussain, “Wesley Clark Calls for Internment Camps for ‘Radicalized’ Americans,” The Intercept (July 20, 2015). https://theintercept.com/2015/07/20/chattanooga-wesley-clark-calls-internment-camps-disloyal-americans/
4.Rebecca Leber, “Canada’s Government Won’t Let Its Own Climate Scientists Speak to the Press: Our Northern Neighbors Are Taking a Page from George W. Bush’s Playbook,” The New Republic, August 20, 2014, http://www.newrepublic.com/article/119153/canadas-stephen-harper-government-muzzles-climate-scientists.
5.Carol Linnitt, “Harper’s Attack on Science: No Science, No Evidence, No Truth, No Democracy,” Academic Matters, May 2013, http://www.academicmatters.ca/2013/05/harpers-attack-on-science-no-science-no-evidence-no-truth-no-democracy/. See more at: http://www.timescolonist.com/news/local/harper-controlled-dfo-is-censoring-federal-scientists-with-research-rules-critics-say-1.75280#sthash.42UhaZul.dpuf.
6.Tom Dart, “Bobby Jindal: Republican who brought creationism into schools to join election,” The Guardian (June 24, 2015). http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/24/bobby-jindal-republican-creationism-2016-election.
7.Many of these issues are discussed in Emily J. M. Knox, “Book Banning in 21st-Century America” (Boulder, CO: Rowman and Littlefield, 2015); Robert McChesney, Rich Media, Poor Democracy: Communication Politics in Dubious Times (New York: New Press, 2015); Henry A. Giroux, Education and the Crisis of Public Values, 2nd ed. (New York: Peter Lang, 2015).
8.Much of this has been documented over the years by Noam Chomsky, Ed Herman, and Robert McChesney. See, for example, Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media (New York: Pantheon, 2002). Robert McChesney, Rich Media, Poor Democracy: Communication Politics in Dubious Times, new edition (New York: The New Press, 2015).
9.Richard Rodriguez, “Sign of the Times,” New York Times Style Magazine, October 19, 2014.
10.Author’s personal correspondence with Victoria Harper, November 17, 2014.
11.Efrain Kristal and Arne De Boever, “Disconnecting Acts: An Interview with Zygmunt Bauman Part II,” Los Angeles Review of Books, November 12, 2014, http://lareviewofbooks.org/essay/disconnecting-acts-interview-zygmunt-bauman-part-ii.
12.Meara Sharma interviews Claudia Rankine, “Blackness as the Second Person,” Guernica, November 17, 2014, https://www.guernicamag.com/interviews/blackness-as-the-second-person/.
13.Case, “The Other Public Humanities.”
14.Cited in Maria Popova, AJames Baldwin on the Creative Process and the Artist’s Responsibility to Society, BrainPickings, August 20, 2014, http://www.brainpickings.org/2014/08/20/james-baldwin-the-creative-process/.
15.A useful book for this type of criticism is David Graeber, The Utopia of Rules: On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy (Brooklyn, N.Y.: Melville House, 2015).
16.Leon Wieseltier, “Among the Disrupted,” International New York Times, January 7, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/18/books/review/among-the-disrupted.html.
17.Michael Yates, “Honor the Vietnamese, Not the Men Who Killed Them,” Monthly Review 67/1 (2015), http://monthlyreview.org/2015/05/01/honor-the-vietnamese-not-those-who-killed-them/.
18.See, for instance, Sheldon S. Wolin, Democracy Incorporated: Managed Democracy and the Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008); and Henry A. Giroux, The Violence of Organized Forgetting: Thinking beyond America’s Disimagination Machine (San Francisco: City Lights, 2014).
19.Case, “The Other Public Humanities.”
20.See, for instance, “How America’s Colleges Could Be Tuition Free,” at http://www.collegerank.net/tuition-free-college/
21.Blog of Junct Rebellion, “How The American University Was Killed, in Five Easy Steps,” The Homeless Adjunct, August 12, 2012, http://junctrebellion.wordpress.com/2012/08/12/how-the-american-university-was-killed-in-five-easy-steps/.
22.Scott Jaschik, “Making Adjuncts Temps—Literally,” Inside Higher Ed, August 9, 2010, http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2010/08/09/adjuncts.
23.Stacey Patton, “The Ph.D. Now Comes with Food Stamps,” Chronicle of Higher Education, May 6, 2012, http://chronicle.com/article/From-Graduate-School-to/131795/.
24.Noam Chomsky, “How America’s Great University System Is Being Destroyed,” Alternet, February 28, 2015, http://www.alternet.org/corporate-accountability-and-workplace/chomsky-how-americas-great-university-system-getting.
1.Thomas E. Mann and Norman J. Ornstein, It’s Even Worse than It Looks: How the American Constitutional System Collided With the New Politics of Extremism (New York: Basic Books, 2013).
2.Cited in Marie Luise Knott, Unlearning with Hannah Arendt, trans. David Dollenmayer (New York: Other Press, 2013), 10.
3.Henry A. Giroux, Education and the Crisis of Public Values, 2nd ed. (NewYork: Peter Lang, 2015); Doug Martin, Hoosier School Heist (Indianapolis: Brooks Publishing, 2014); Diane Ravitch, Reign of Error: The Hoax of the Privatization Movement and the Danger to America’s Public Schools (New York: Vintage, 2014); Kenneth J. Saltman, The Failure of Corporate School Reform (Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2012).
4.For an excellent critique of this position, see Kenneth J. Saltman, The Failure of Corporate School Reform (Boulder: Paradigm, 2012). See also, Henry A. Giroux, Education and the Crisis of Public Values, 2nd edition (New York: Peter Lang, 2015).
5.David Sirota, “New Data Shows School ‘Reformers’ Are Full of It,” Salon, June 3, 2013, http://www.salon.com/2013/06/03/instead_of_a_war_on_teachers_how_about_one_on_poverty/.
6.Henry A. Giroux, America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2013).
7.Mark Naison, “The War on Teachers: Why Is the Public Watching It Happen?” Common Dreams, March 13, 2012. https://www.commondreams.org/view/2012/03/13-10.
8.Hannah Arendt, “Ideology and Terror: A Novel Form of Government,” in The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001), 468.
9.Diane Ravitch, “The People behind the Lawmakers Out to Destroy Public Education: A Primer,” Common Dreams, May 2, 2012, http://www.commondreams.org/views/2012/05/02/people-behind-lawmakers-out-destroy-public-education-primer.
10.Paul Buchheit, “How Our Public Schools Became a ‘Communist Threat,’” Common Dreams, November 18, 2013, http://www.commondreams.org/views/2013/11/18/how-our-public-schools-became-communist-threat.
11.Robert Hunziker, “A Neoliberal Spring?” CounterPunch, December 18, 2014, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/12/18/a-neoliberal-spring/.
12.See, for instance, Roger Cohen, “Capitalism Eating Its Children,” New York Times, May 29, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/30/opinion/cohen-capitalism-eating-its-children.html.
13.Aaron Kase, “Public School Asks Parents to Pay $613 per Student as Right-Wing Governor Destroys Public Education with Insane Defunding,” AlterNet, August 22, 2013, http://www.alternet.org/education/public-school-asks-parents-pay-613-student-right-wing-governor-destroys-public-education.
14.Ibid.
15.See, for example, Catherine Y. Kim, Daniel J. Losen, and Damon T. Hewitt, The School-to-Prison Pipeline: Structuring Legal Reform (New York: New York University Press, 2010).
16.Henry A. Giroux, America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2013).
17.The growing resistance to these mind-numbing modes of teaching can be found in Jesse Hagopian, More than a Score: The New Uprising against High-Stakes Testing (Chicago: Hay-market Books, 2014).
18.See, for instance, the classic work on zero tolerance: William Ayers, Bernardine Dohrn, and Rick Ayers, eds., Zero Tolerance: Resisting the Drive for Punishment in Our Schools (New York: New Press, 2001). See also Annette Fuentes, Lockdown High: When the Schoolhouse Becomes a Jailhouse (New York: Verso, 2013).
19.Henry A. Giroux, Dangerous Thinking in the Age of the New Authoritarianism (Boulder: Paradigm, 2015).
20.Hannah Arendt, Hannah Arendt: The Last Interview and Other Conversations (Brooklyn, NY: Melville House, 2013), 123.
21.Michael D. Yates, “Public School Teachers: New Unions, New Alliances, New Politics,” Truthout, July 24, 2013, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/17756-public-school-teachers-new-unions-new-alliances-new-politics.
22.Anita Biressi and Heather Nunn, “Selfishness in Austerity Times,” Soundings 56 (Spring 2014): 55.
23.Lorenzo Del Savio and Matteo Mameli, “Anti-Representative Democracy and Oligarchic Capture,” Open Democracy, August 16, 2014, https://www.opendemocracy.net/lorenzodel-savio-matteo-mameli/antirepresentative-democracy-and-oligarchic-capture.
24.Robin D. G. Kelley, “Why We Won’t Wait: Resisting the War against the Black and Brown Underclass,” Counterpunch, November 25, 2014, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/11/25/75039/.
25.Stanley Aronowitz, “Democrats in Disarray,” The Indypendent, December 16, 2014, 12.
26.Ibid.
27.Ibid.
28.Ibid.
29.See Michael Yates, The Great Inequality (Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2016).
30.Rabbi Michael Lerner, “The Environmental and Social Responsibility Amendment to the U.S. Constitution,” Huffington Post (June 22, 2015). http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rabbi-michael-lerner/the-environmental-and-soc_b_7115984.html.
31.One recent example of this kind of pie-in-the-sky politics can be found in Scott Galindez, “2014: The Beginning of the End for the GOP?” Reader Supported News, December 26, 2014, http://readersupportednews.org/opinion2/277-75/27704-focus-2014-the-beginning-of-the-end-for-the-gop.
32.Ursula K. Le Guin, “We Will Need Writers Who Can Remember Freedom,” speech delivered at the National Book Awards, November 19, 2014, http://parkerhiggins.net/2014/11/will-need-writers-can-remember-freedom-ursula-k-le-guin-national-book-awards/.
1.Nick Turse, The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2009); Andrew J. Bacevich, Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2010); Melvin Goodman, “American Militarism: Costs and Consequences,” Truthout, March 5, 2013, http://truth-out.org/news/item/14926.
2.Glenn Greenwald, No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2014).
3.Peter Bradshaw, “Citizenfour Review: Gripping Snowden Documentary Offers Portrait of Power, Paranoia and One Remarkable Man,” The Guardian, October 16, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/oct/16/citizen-four-review-edward-snowden-documentary.
4.I want to thank John Pilger for reminding me of the need to bring the depoliticization issue to the forefront when interpreting this film. Personal correspondence, February 12, 2015.
5.Douglas Valentine, “CitizenFour: The Making of an American Myth,” CounterPunch, March 2, 2015, http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/03/02/citizen-four-the-making-of-an-american-myth/.
6.Howard Zinn, SNCC: The New Abolitionists, 2nd ed. (Chicago: Haymarket, 2013).
7.Richard Cohen, “How ‘Selma’ Insults LBJ, and Our History,” New York Daily News, January 5, 2015, http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/richard-cohen-selma-insults-lbj-history-article-1.2066666.
8.Glen Ford, “Selma: Black History According to Oprah,” Black Agenda Report, January 21, 2015, http://blackagendareport.com/node/14624.
9.See, for instance, Cornel West, ed., Martin Luther King, Jr.: The Radical King (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015).
10.Steven Rea, “Selma: A Clear Sense of the Mission and the Man,” Philly.com, January 9, 2015, http://www.philly.com/philly/entertainment/20150109__Selma___A_clear_sense_of_the_mission_and_the_man.html#zBzQP2YFJr5ZkPyY.99.
11.Dennis Trainor, Jr., “‘The Truth Is Unspeakable’: A Real American Sniper Unloads on American Sniper,” Salon, February 4, 2015, http://www.salon.com/2015/02/04/this_american_sniper_didnt_keep_track_of_his_kills_and_hates_that_i_ask_him/.
12.Joseph E. Lowndes, “‘American Sniper,’ Clint Eastwood and White Fear,” CounterPunch, February 3, 2015, http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/02/03/american-sniper-clint-eastwood-and-white-fear/.
13.Jeremy Scahill, quoted in Michael B. Kelley, “US Special Ops Have Become Much, Much Scarier Since 9/11,” Business Insider, May 10, 2013, http://www.businessinsider.com/the-rise-of-jsoc-in-dirty-wars-2013-4.
14.Jeremy Scahill, Dirty Wars: The World Is a Battlefield (New York: Nation Books, 2014).
15.See T. P. Wilkinson, “Harry’s Gone a Huntin,” Dissident Voice, January 29, 2015, http://dissidentvoice.org/2015/01/harrys-gone-a-huntin/.
16.Amanda Terkel, “Rudy Giuliani Says White Cops Are Needed to Stop Black People from Shooting Each Other,” Huffington Post, November 24, 2014, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/23/rudy-giuliani-ferguson_n_6207608.html.
17.ProPublica, cited in ibid.
18.Amy Nelson, “Clint Eastwood’s American Sniper Is One of the Most Mendacious Movies of 2014,” Slate, January 9, 2015, http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/the_movie_club/features/2014/the_movie_club_2014/worst_movies_of_2014_american_sniper_gloss-es_over_chris_kyle_s_lies.html.
19.Trainor, “‘The Truth Is Unspeakable.’”
20.Olivia Ward, “Why Hollywood Won’t Win an Oscar for History,” Toronto Star, February 21, 2015, http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/02/21/why-hollywood-wont-win-an-oscar-for-history.html.
21.Michael Lerner, “Henry Giroux on Hysterical Authoritarianism: Terrorism, Violence and the Culture of Madness,” Tikkun, March 30, 2015, http://www.tikkun.org/nextgen/henry-girous-on-hysterical-authoritarianism-terrorism-violence-and-the-culture-of-madness.
22.Stuart Hall, “The March of the Neoliberals,” The Guardian, September 12, 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/sep/12/march-of-the-neoliberals.
23.Naomi Klein, “Greed Is Good, for Some,” New York Times Book Review, March 22, 2015.
24.Ibid.
1.Epigraph: Hannah Arendt, cited in Georges Didi-Huberman, Images in Spite of All: Four Photographs from Auschwitz (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008), 31. Jennifer Rosenberg, “Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Part 2),” 20th Century History, About.com, March 28, 201, http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwarii/a/hiroshima_2.htm. A more powerful atom bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, and by the end of the year an estimated 70,000 had been killed. For the history of the making of the bomb, see Richard Rhodes’s monumental The Making of the Atomic Bomb (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012).
2.The term “technological fanaticism” comes from Michael Sherry who suggested that it produced an increased form of brutality. Quoted in Howard Zinn, The Bomb (San Francisco: City Lights, 2010), 54–55.
3.Oh Jung, “Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Decision to Drop the Bomb,” Michigan Journal of History 1/2 (Winter 2002), http://michiganjournalhistory.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/oh_jung.pdf.
4.See, in particular, Ronald Takaki, Hiroshima: Why America Dropped the Atomic Bomb (Boston: Back Bay Books, 1996).
5.Kensaburo Oe, Hiroshima Notes (New York: Grove Press, 1965), 114.
6.Ibid., 117.
7.Robert Jay Lifton and Greg Mitchell, Hiroshima in America (New York: Avon Books, 1995), 314–15, 328.
8.Jung, “Hiroshima and Nagasaki.”
9.Robert Jay Lifton, “American Apocalypse,” The Nation, December 22, 2003, 12.
10.This reference refers to a collection of interviews with Michel Foucault. See “What our present is,” in Foucault Live: Collected Interviews, 1961–1984, ed. Sylvere Lotringer, trans. Lysa Hochroth and John Johnston (New York: Semiotext(e), 1989 and 1996), 407–15.
11.Zygmunt Bauman and Leonidas Donskis, Moral Blindness: The Loss of Sensitivity in Liquid Modernity (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2013), 33.
12.Daniel Sandstrom, interview with Philip Roth, “My Life as a Writer,” New York Times, March 2, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/16/books/review/my-life-as-a-writ-er.html.
13.Of course, the Occupy movement in the United States and the Quebec student movement are exceptions to this trend. See, for instance, David Graeber, The Democracy Project: A History, A Crisis, A Movement (New York, NY: The Random House Publishing Group, 2013); and Henry A. Giroux, Neoliberalism’s War against Higher Education (Chicago: Haymarket, 2014).
14.Quoted in Lifton and Mitchell, Hiroshima In America, 351.
15.Ibid., 345.
16.Peter Bacon Hales, Outside the Gates of Eden: The Dream of America from Hiroshima to Now (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014), 17.
17.Jacques Derrida, “No Apocalypse, Not Now (Full Speed Ahead, Seven Missiles, Seven Missives),” Diacritics 14/ 2 (Summer 1984): 22, 29.
18.Arendt quoted in Georges Didi-Huberman, Images in Spite of All (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012), 31.
19.I have taken this term from Sandstrom, “My Life as a Writer.”
20.Susan Sontag famously pursued this theme in “The Imagination of Disaster,” October (1965), 42–48. Available at: http://americanfuturesiup.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/sontag-the-imagination-of-disaster.pdf.
21.Michael Levine and William Taylor, “The Upside of Down: Disaster and the Imagination 50 Years On,” M/C Journal 16/1 (2013), http://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/viewArticle/586.
22.Sontag, “The Imagination,” 42.
23.Ibid.
24.Brad Evans, “The Promise of Violence in the Age of Catastrophe,” Truthout, January 5, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/20977-the-promise-of-violence-in-the-age-of-catastrophe.
25.Zygmunt Bauman and Leonidas Donskis, Moral Blindness: The Loss of Sensitivity in Liquid Modernity (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2013), 33.
26.Zinn, The Bomb, 23–24.
27.I have taken up this issue in detail in Henry A. Giroux, Neoliberalism’s War on Higher Education (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2014).
28.João Biehl, Vita: Life in a Zone of Social Abandonment (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2005), 2.
29.This theme is taken up extensively in Brad Evans and Henry A. Giroux, Disposable Futures: Violence in the Age of the Spectacle (San Francisco: City Lights, 2015).
30.Glenn Greenwald, No Place to Hide (New York: Macmillan, 2014); Henry A. Giroux, Zombie Politics in the Age of Casino Capitalism, 2nd ed. (New York: Peter Lang, 2014).
31.Peter Bacon Hales, Outside the Gates of Eden: The Dream of America from Hiroshima to Now (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014), 17.
32.David Graeber, The Democracy Project: A History, a Crisis, a Movement (New York: Random House, 2013), 281.
33.Tom Englehardt, “Noam Chomsky, Why National Security Has Nothing to Do with Security,” TomDispatch.com, August 5, 2014, http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175877/tomgram%3A_noam_chomsky%2C_why_national_security_has_nothing_to_do_with_security/.
34.Susan Sontag, Regarding the Pain of Others (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003), 81.
35.Paul Virilio, Art and Fear (New York: Continuum, 2004), 28.
36.Lifton and Mitchell, Hiroshima in America, 338.
37.Evans and Giroux, Disposable Futures.
38.Étienne Balibar, “Outline of a Topography of Cruelty: Citizenship and Civility in the Era of Global Violence,” in We, The People of Europe: Reflections on Transnational Citizenship (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 115–32.
39.Jeremy Scahill, “It’s Official: Obama Will Not Prosecute CIA Torturers,” Common Dreams, April 16, 2009, http://www.commondreams.org/news/2009/04/16/its-official-obama-will-not-prosecute-cia-torturers. On the state of exception, see Giorgio Agamben, State of Exception, trans. Kevin Attell (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005).
40.Bill Blunden, “The Zero-Sum Game of Perpetual War,” CounterPunch, September 2, 2014, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/09/02/the-zero-sum-game-of-perpetual-war/.
41.Ibid.
42.Ibid.
43.See Lifton and Mitchell, Hiroshima in America.
44.Bauman and Donskis, Moral Blindness, 39.
45.Blunden, “The Zero-Sum Game of Perpetual War.”
46.Mark Memmott, “Let Teachers Carry Guns? Some State Lawmakers Say Yes,” National Public Radio.org, December 19, 2012, http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/12/19/167622812/let-teachers-carry-guns-some-state-lawmakers-say-yes.
47.German Lopez, “The Shooting of Michael Brown Was the Final Straw for People in Ferguson,” Vox, August 14, 2014, http://www.vox.com/2014/8/14/5999929/shooting-mike-brown-final-straw-ferguson-st-louis-missouri. See also Bryan Winston, “Ferguson in Context,” CounterPunch, August 22, 2014, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/22/ferguson-in-context/.
48.Antonio Thomas, “Petition—Stop Police Brutality against Black People,” Change.Org, petition started in June 2010, http://www.change.org/p/stop-police-brutality-against-black-people.
49.Hannah Tennant-Moore, “The Awakening,” New York Times Book Review, June 19, 2014.
50.This theme is brilliantly explored in Hales, Outside the Gates of Eden.
51.Raymond Williams, “Preface to Second Edition,” Communications (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1967), 15.
52.Quoted in Zinn, The Bomb, 58.
53.Hannah Arendt, Hannah Arendt: The Last Interview and Other Conversations (Brooklyn, NY: Melville House, 2013), 37.
54.Charles P. Pierce, “Why Bosses Always Win If the Game Is Always Rigged,” Esquire, October 18, 2012, http://www.esquire.com/blogs/politics/mitt-romney-boss-13852713.
55.Stanley Aronowitz has taken this theme up in a number of articles. See, for instance, Stanley Aronowitz, “What Kind of Left Does America Need?,” Tikkun, April 14, 2014, http://www.tikkun.org/nextgen/what-kind-of-left-does-america-need.
56.Doreen Massey, “Vocabularies of the Economy,” Soundings, 2013, http://lwbooks.co.uk/journals/soundings/pdfs/Vocabularies%20of%20the%20economy.pdf.
57.Pierre Bourdieu, Acts of Resistance (New York: Free Press, 1998), 11.
58.Zoe Williams, “The Saturday Interview: Stuart Hall,” The Guardian, February 11, 2012, http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2012/feb/11/saturday-interview-stuart-hall.
59.Hélène Cixous and Catherine Clément, The Newly Born Woman, trans. Betsy Wing, Theory and History of Literature Series, vol. 24 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986), ix.
60.Howard Zinn, “The Bombs of August,” The Progressive, August 2000, http://www.commondreams.org/views/073000-108.htm.
61.Clare Hemmings, “Invoking Affect: Cultural Theory and the Ontological Turn,” Cultural Studies 19/ 5 (September 2005): 557–58.
1.For an excellent source on what it means to come of age in the working class, see Michael D. Yates, In and Out of the Working Class (Winnipeg, MB: Arbeiter Ring Publishing, 2009).
2.Marie Luise Knott, Unlearning with Hannah Arendt, trans. David Dollenmayer (New York: Other Press, 2011), 87.
3.Ibid., 73.
4.Tom Engelhardt, “The Superpower Conundrum: The Rise and Fall of Just About Everything,” TomDispatch, July 2, 2015, http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/176018/tomgram%3A_engelhardt%2C_what_happened_to_war/#more.
5.Ibid.
6.James Baldwin, No Name in the Street (New York; Dial Press, 1972 ), 149.
7.Andrew J. Bacevich, Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2010), 242.
8.The quote by Karl Jaspers is from Hannah Arendt, The Last Interview and Other Conversations (Brooklyn, NY: Melville House, 2013), 37.
9.James Baldwin, “As Much Truth as One Can Bear,” New York Times Book Review, January 14, 1962.