Index

  • Abandonment, disposal of property by
  • Aborted business ventures
  • Above-market loans
  • ABP test
  • Abusive transactions
  • ACA. See Affordable Care Act
  • Accelerated Cost Recovery System (ACRS)
  • Accelerated depreciation, under MACRS
  • Access to capital and business organization
  • Accident and health insurance
  • Accident insurance
  • Accountable plans:
    • car
    • travel and entertainment
  • Accounting fees
  • Accounting methods
    • about
    • accrual
    • cash
    • change in
    • for discounts
    • installment method
    • for long-term contracts
    • mark-to-market accounting
    • repairs and maintenance
    • tax year and
  • Accounting periods
    • about
    • business purpose for fiscal year
    • change in tax year
    • limits on use of fiscal year
    • pass-through business on fiscal year
    • restrictions on
    • seasonal businesses
    • Section
      • election for fiscal year
    • short tax years
  • Accrual accounting method
  • Accumulated earnings tax
  • Accuracy-related penalties
  • ACE (adjusted current earnings)
  • Acquisitions, debt-financed
  • ACRS (Accelerated Cost Recovery System)
  • Activated reservists, employer wage credit for
  • Active participation
  • Actual expense method:
    • about
    • business use
    • conventions
    • depreciation allowance
    • depreciation deduction
    • dispositions
    • dollar limit on depreciation deduction
    • dollar limits, increasing
    • for home office deduction
    • Section
      • deductions
    • standard mileage allowance versus
  • Actual receipt
  • Actuarial costs for defined benefit plans
  • ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act)
  • Additions to property
  • Adjusted basis, involuntary conversions and
  • Adjusted basis, defined
  • Adjusted current earnings (ACE)
  • Adjusted gross income (AGI)
  • Administrative waivers
  • Adoption assistance
  • ADS. See Alternative Depreciation System
  • Ad valorem taxes
  • Advance payments
  • Advance rents
  • Advances
  • Advertising expenses
  • Advocate service, taxpayer
  • Affordable Care Act (ACA)
  • AFR (applicable federal rate)
  • Agreements between corporations and shareholders
  • Agricultural payments from government programs
  • Aircraft, flights on employer-provided
  • Alcohol fuels credit
  • ALEs (applicable large employees)
  • All events test
  • Alternative Depreciation System (ADS)
  • Alternative fuel vehicle refueling property credit
  • Alternative minimum tax (AMT)
  • Alternative minimum taxable income (AMTI)
  • ALV (annual lease value)
  • Amazon Payments
  • Amended tax returns:
    • business gifts
    • depreciation and
    • disaster losses
    • employment tax
    • expensing elections and
    • net operating losses
    • replacement property
    • worthless securities
  • American opportunity tax credit
  • Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
  • Amortization
    • of bond premiums
    • business start-up costs and organizational expenses
    • claiming
    • of computer software
    • defined
    • of improvements
    • intangibles
    • leases and
    • of reforestation costs
    • research and experimentation costs
    • Section
      • intangibles
    • of self-created intangibles
  • Amount received, defined
  • AMT. See Alternative minimum tax
  • AMTI (alternative minimum taxable income)
  • Angel investors
  • Annual determination
  • Annual Filing Season Program participants
  • Annual lease value (ALV)
  • Antichurning rules
  • Antiques
  • Antitrust violations, treble damages to
  • Appeals
  • Applicable federal rates (AFR)
  • Applicable large employees (ALEs)
  • Apportionment
  • Appraisals
  • Apps, costs of
  • Archer Medical Savings Accounts (MSAs)
  • Architectural barriers, removal of
  • Artists, performing
  • Assets. See also Recovery periods:
    • capital
    • sale of all
    • transfer of
  • Assistance programs
  • Associated test
  • Athletic facilities, expenses for
  • At-risk basis
  • At-risk losses
  • At-risk rules:
    • calculating limitation
    • defined
    • farm losses
    • limitations on business losses
    • limits on write-offs from partnerships and LLCs
    • partnerships and LLCs
    • passive activity losses and
    • real estate financing
  • Attorney-client privilege
  • Attorneys
  • Audit guides
  • Audit-proofing returns
  • Audits
    • about
    • appeals and
    • audit chances, business organizations
    • corporations, strategies and
    • litigation and
    • mediation
    • taxpayer advocate service
    • taxpayer bill of rights and
    • types of
  • Authorities, state tax
  • Automatic enrollment in retirement plans
  • Automobile insurance
  • Average benefit percentage test (ABP test)
  • Awards for employees
  • Away from home rule
  • Bad debts. See also Debt
    • about
    • accrual taxpayers
    • business versus nonbusiness
    • collection of
    • debtor-creditor relationship
    • deducting
    • guarantees resulting in
    • loans by shareholder-employees
    • loss sustained due to
    • nonaccrual-experience method
    • reporting on tax return
    • valuing
    • worthlessness
  • Bank accounts, business start-up and
  • Bank fees
  • Bankruptcy
  • Barriers for disabled persons, removal of
  • Bartering
  • Basis:
    • adjusted
    • assets transferred to business
    • car
    • casualty and theft losses
    • defined
    • depreciation and
    • losses, limitations on
    • recordkeeping for
    • at-risk
    • S corporation shareholder's
    • shareholder
    • tax planning and
  • Bed and breakfasts
  • Below-market loans
  • Benefit funds, state
  • Benefits. See Employee benefits
  • Bicycle commuting
  • Bill of rights, taxpayer
  • Biodiesel fuels credit
  • Bitcoin
  • Black Lung benefit trust contributions
  • Bonding requirement for retirement plans
  • Bond premiums
  • Bonuses
  • Books, cost of
  • Boot
  • BOP (business owner's policy)
  • Borrowing. See Loans
  • Breeding fees
  • Brother-sister controlled groups
  • Built-in capital gains
  • Built-in gains
  • Built-in gains taxes
  • Business bad debts
  • Business days, counting
  • Business equipment, optimum write-offs for
  • Businesses
    • controlled
    • incorporation of
    • losses, deducting
    • multiple
    • seasonal
    • tax credits
    • tax preparers
    • unincorporated
  • Businesses, opening and closing
  • Business expenses. See Expenses
  • Business gifts
  • Business income. See Income
  • Business interest, sales of
  • Business interruption coverage
  • Business losses, limitations on
  • Business mileage logs
  • Business name
  • Business organization. See also specific business organization
    • about
    • access to capital
    • audit chances
    • C corporations
    • changing form of
    • choosing form of
    • comparing forms of
    • employees
    • exit strategy
    • filing deadlines and extensions
    • fringe benefits
    • lack of profitability
    • multistate operations
    • nature and number of owners
    • owner's payment of company expenses
    • personal liability
    • restrictions on accounting periods and accounting methods
    • S corporations
    • social security and Medicare taxes
    • sole proprietorships
    • tax identification number
    • tax rates
    • unincorporated, charitable contributions and
  • Business owner's policy (BOP)
  • Business purpose
  • Business purpose for fiscal year
  • Business start-up costs
  • Business stock, sales of qualified
  • Business structure, review of
  • Business use of home. See Home office deductions
  • Buyouts, financing options to fund
  • Buy-sell agreements
  • Cafeteria plans
    • benefits allowed/not allowed under
    • flexible spending accounts and
    • medical coverage
    • simple
  • Calendar year
  • Cancellation of debt (COD)
  • Cancellation payments
  • Capital, access to
  • Capital assets
  • Capital construction-related tax credits
  • Capital expenditures
  • Capital gains
    • about
    • adjusted basis and
    • amount of, determining
    • built-in
    • business interest, sales of
    • capital assets and
    • C corporations
    • holding period
    • installment sales
    • for partnerships and LLCs
    • for pass-through identities
    • reporting
    • sale of business interests
    • sale of qualified business stock
    • sale or exchange requirement
    • Section
      • rollover
    • Section
      • gains
    • Section
      • property
    • Section
      • losses
    • for self-employed persons
    • special situations
    • tax-free exchanges
    • tax rates on
    • tax treatment of
    • on worthless securities
  • Capital improvements, repairs distinguished from
  • Capitalization rules. See Uniform capitalization rules
  • Capitalized costs
  • Capital losses
    • about
    • adjusted basis and
    • amount of, determining
    • business interest, sales of
    • capital assets and
    • carryovers
    • holding period
    • limitations
    • for pass-through identities
    • reporting
    • sale or exchange requirement
    • special situations
  • Career counseling
  • Car expenses:
    • about
    • actual expense method
    • arranging ownership
    • business use
    • commuting vehicles
    • company car, employee use of
    • deducting
    • depreciation and
    • heavy SUVs
    • hybrid purchase incentives
    • insurance
    • leasing
    • plug-in electric vehicles
    • recordkeeping for
    • reimbursement arrangements
    • standard mileage allowance
    • substantiation requirements
    • trade-ins
    • trucks and vans
  • Car insurance
  • Carrybacks
  • Carryforwards
  • Carryovers
  • Cars. See also Car expenses
    • “blue book value”
    • casualty and theft losses
    • defined
    • electric, plug-in
    • fair market value
    • leasing versus buying
    • sale of
  • Cash:
    • large transactions
    • small transactions
  • Cash basis and prepayment, carryover period for
  • Cash-basis businesses, tax planning and
  • Cash method of accounting
    • about
    • corporate exceptions
    • PSC exception
    • restrictions on use of
    • small business exception
    • small inventory-based business exception
  • Casualty and theft losses
    • about
    • adjusted basis and
    • appraisals and
    • basis
    • calculating
    • cars
    • casualties, defined
    • casualties, examples of
    • casualties, proof of
    • condemnations and
    • coordination with repairs
    • deducting
    • determination of
    • disaster assistance
    • disaster losses
    • disaster victims, certain
    • fair market value and
    • insurance and
    • inventory and crops
    • recovered property
    • repairs and
    • severance damages
    • special assessments
    • theft, defined
    • theft, proof of
    • year of loss
  • CCC (Community Credit Corporation) loans
  • C corporations:
    • about
    • alternative minimum tax
    • audit strategies
    • bad debts
    • business expense deductions
    • business income
    • capital gains and losses for
    • car expenses
    • casualty and theft losses
    • compensation payment strategy
    • controlled corporations
    • depreciation, amortization, and depletion
    • dividends and
    • domestic production activities deductions
    • e-filing and
    • farming expenses
    • gains and losses
    • health insurance deductions
    • owners, compensation to
    • rent deductions
    • repairs and maintenance
    • reporting income/benefits
    • retirement plan deductions
    • sales of business interests
    • special income items for
    • special recapture by
    • tax credits
    • taxes and interest
    • tax treatment of capital gains
    • travel and entertainment expenses
  • CDEs (community development entities)
  • Cellular phones. See Smartphones
  • Cents-per-mile special rule
  • Certified public accountants (CPAs)
  • Certified Service Provider (CSP)
  • Change:
    • in form of business
    • in tax laws
  • Change in control
  • Chargeoff method, specific
  • Charitable contributions. See also Donations
    • about
    • appraisal rules
    • carryovers and
    • computers
    • conservation easements
    • corporations
    • food inventory
    • for ill, needy, infants
    • intellectual property
    • inventory
    • pass-through
    • scientific property
    • special substantiation requirements
    • unincorporated businesses
  • Checklist, deductions
  • Checks:
    • cash method of accounting and
    • paying taxes by
  • Child care facilities and services, employer-provided
  • Classification of workers
  • Cliff vesting
  • Closely held business real property, special valuation for
  • Closing businesses
    • tax reporting in final year
    • unamortized costs
  • Clothing, costs of
  • Club dues
  • COBRA coverage
  • COD (cancellation of debt)
  • COD income
  • COGS (cost of goods sold)
  • Cohan rule
  • COLA (cost-of-living adjustments)
  • Collection agencies
  • Commerce tax
  • Commercial buildings, energy improvements to
  • Commercial fishing
  • Commissions
  • Commitment fees
  • Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) loans
  • Community development entities (CDEs)
  • Community renewal property, zero percent gain from
  • Commuting costs
  • Commuting vehicles
  • Company buyouts
  • Compensation. See Employee compensation
  • Compensation limit for retirement plans
  • Compensatory damages
  • Completed-contract method
  • Computers:
    • donations of
    • first-year expensing
    • home office deductions and
  • Computer software
  • Condemnation:
    • casualty and theft losses
    • defined
  • Condemnation awards
  • Conferences
  • Conservation easement donations
  • Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) payments
  • Consignments
  • Construction, energy-efficient home credit
  • Constructive dividends
  • Constructive receipt
  • Consulting agreements
  • Contests
  • Continuation coverage. See COBRA coverage
  • Contractors, energy-efficient home credit
  • Contracts, long-term
  • Contributions:
    • federal right of
    • to health savings accounts
    • to qualified retirement plans
    • to retirement plans
    • to self-employed qualified retirement plans
  • Control employees
  • Controlled entities:
    • C corporations as
    • defined
    • health care mandates for
    • multiple corporations, treatment as
  • CONUS per diem rate
  • Conventions (conferences)
  • Conventions (depreciation write-off rules)
    • half-year convention
    • mid-month convention
    • mid-quarter convention
  • Conversion from C status to S status, last-in, first-out inventory
  • Conversions, involuntary
  • Corporate debt
  • Corporate officers, salary of
  • Corporate resolutions, tax-related
  • Corporations. See also C corporations; S corporations
    • agreements between shareholders and
    • alternative minimum tax and
    • amortization of organizational costs for
    • capital loss limits on
    • charitable contributions from
    • checklist of deductions for
    • closing
    • controlled
    • deductions checklist
    • estimated taxes
    • formerly small
    • golden parachute payments
    • indebtedness to shareholders
    • loans between shareholders and
    • net operating losses, calculating
    • renting to
    • small (see Small corporations)
    • state income taxes
    • termination or dissolution of
    • transferred property and
  • Correspondence audits
  • Cost depletion
  • Cost of goods sold (COGS)
  • Cost-of-living adjustments (COLA)
  • Costs. See also specific costs
    • capitalized
    • direct
    • indirect
    • organizational
    • qualified
    • unamortized
  • Cost segregation, recovery periods
  • Costs of performance (COP)
  • Country club dues
  • CPAs (certified public accountants)
  • Credit, fuel-related excise taxes
  • Credit cards:
    • business start-up and
    • cash method of accounting and
    • merchant income on
    • paying taxes by
  • Credit checks
  • Credit insurance
  • Credit offsets, alternative minimum tax and
  • Credit policies
  • Credit reduction states
  • Credits. See Tax credits
  • Crop insurance and crop disaster payments
  • Crops, casualty and theft losses to
  • Crop shares
  • Cross-purchase agreements
  • Crowdfunding
  • CRP (Conservation Reserve Program) payments
  • Cruise ships, conventions or meetings on
  • CSP (Certified Service Provider)
  • Customers:
    • bankruptcy of
    • credit policies and
  • Customs expenses
  • Cyber-liability coverage
  • D&B business credit rating service
  • D&O (directors and officers) coverage
  • Damages:
    • compensatory, paid to government
    • reporting as income
    • restitution payments
    • treble, for antitrust violations
  • Day-care facilities:
    • about
    • calculating deduction
    • meal costs
  • Day traders
  • DBA (doing business as)
  • Deadlines, filing
  • Death tax
  • Debt. See also Bad debts; Loans
    • cancellation of
    • corporate
    • nonrecourse
    • recourse
    • worthless
  • Debt-financed acquisitions
  • Debt-financed distributions
  • Debt-financed portfolios
  • Debt financing
  • Debt forgiveness
  • Debtor-creditor relationship
  • Deductible interest
  • Deductible employee compensation
    • defined
    • limits on
    • noncash payments
    • restricted property
    • rules for
    • types of
  • Deductible expenses:
    • checklist of allowed
    • checklist of not allowed
    • temporary assignments and
  • Deductions:
    • bad debt
    • business, miscellaneous
    • business equipment
    • casualty and theft losses
    • checklist of
    • claiming
    • disaster losses and
    • dividends-received
    • foreign housing
    • not allowed
    • removal of architectural or transportation barriers
    • temporary assignments and
    • transportation costs
    • travel and entertainment expenses
    • tuition and fees
    • whaling expenses
  • Deductions checklist. See also Income and deduction strategies; specific deductions
  • Deemed depreciation
  • Deemed filing date
  • Deemed NOL
  • Deferrals, elective
  • Deferred compensation
  • Deferring gain
  • Defined benefit plans
  • Defined contribution plans
  • De minimis exception
  • De minimis fringe benefits
  • De minimis safe harbor rule
  • Demolition and removal expenses
  • Dependent care assistance
  • Dependent care credit
  • Depletion
    • cost depletion
    • deduction of
    • defined
    • methods
    • partnership oil and gas properties
    • percentage depletion
  • Deposit dates for employment taxes
  • Deposits
    • penalty for delinquent
  • Depreciable property, installment sales and
  • Depreciation:
    • accelerated
    • actual expense method
    • allowance
    • alternative depreciation system
    • alternative minimum tax
    • alternative system
    • basis
    • bonus
    • of car
    • claiming
    • conventions
    • deemed
    • defined
    • de mimimus safe harbor rule
    • depreciable property
    • dollar limits on
    • excess
    • farming and
    • first-year expensing
    • general rules
    • home office deductions
    • listed property, limitations on
    • methods
    • personal property put to business use
    • property not eligible for
    • recaptured
    • recordkeeping for
    • straight-line
    • unrecaptured
    • write-off limits. (see Conventions (depreciation write-off rules))
  • Designated Roth accounts
  • Diaries:
    • of business mileage
    • of travel and entertainment expenses
  • Differential wage payment tax credit
  • Direct costs
  • Direct gifts
  • Directly related test
  • Directors, payments to
  • Directors and officers (D&O) coverage
  • Direct rollovers
  • Direct sellers, other income for
  • Disability insurance
  • Disabled access credit
  • Disabled persons:
    • business deductions, miscellaneous
    • car expenses
    • expenses of
    • repairs and maintenance for
    • special rules for improvements for
    • travel and entertainment expenses
  • Disallowance repayment agreements
  • Disaster assistance
  • Disaster losses:
    • amended returns and
    • casualty and theft losses
    • tax planning and
  • Disaster victims, certain
  • Discharge of indebtedness
  • Discounts:
    • accounting for
    • qualified employee
  • Disposal of tax records
  • Dispositions of property
    • amortization of
  • Disqualified person
  • Distance test for moving expenses
  • Distressed companies, contribution reduction for
  • Distributions:
    • debt-financed
    • pension and retirement plan
    • required
  • Distributive shares
  • Dividends:
    • as business income
    • C corporations and
    • constructive
    • information returns
    • patronage
    • S corporations and
  • Dividends-received deduction
  • Documentary evidence
  • Doing business as (DBA)
  • Dollar limits
    • first year expensing
    • inflation adjustment for
    • IRS, fixed by
    • tax code, fixed by
  • Domain names
  • Domestic partners, medical coverage
  • Domestic production activities deduction
    • about
    • allocable cost of goods sold
    • allocable gross receipts
    • calculating
    • claiming
    • limitations on
    • pass-through entities
    • qualified producers
  • Domestic production gross receipts (DPGR)
  • Dominant motive for loans
  • Donations. See also Charitable contributions
    • crowdfunding
  • Double taxation
  • DPGR (domestic production gross receipts)
  • Draws
  • Dues
  • DUNS number
  • E&O (errors and omissions insurance)
  • Earned income credit
  • Eating facilities, employer-operated
  • Economically disadvantaged designated groups
  • Economic performance test
  • Educational expenses
    • deducting
    • employer-paid
    • personal education incentives
  • Education credits
  • EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)
  • E-file providers
  • E-filing tax returns
    • tax preparers and
  • EFTPS. See Electronic Federal Tax Payment System
  • EFTPS.gov
  • EIN. See Employer identification number
  • Elderly persons:
    • day care facilities for
    • improvements for, special rules
  • Elected farm income
  • Election to postpone gains
  • Elective deferrals
  • Electric vehicles, plug-in
  • Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS)
    • paying taxes online
    • required use of
    • voluntary use of
  • Electronic filing of tax returns
  • Electronic imaging systems
  • Electronic payment methods
  • Electronic signatures
  • Electronic transfer of funds to pay taxes
  • E-mail, IRS not contacting by
  • Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
  • Employee achievement awards
  • Employee benefit plans:
    • reporting
    • tax planning and
  • Employee benefits. See also Fringe benefits
    • about
    • adoption assistance
    • athletic facilities
    • business organization and
    • cafeteria plans
    • cellular phones
    • commuting vehicles
    • company car, employee use of
    • country club dues
    • dependent care assistance
    • discount, qualified employee
    • educational expenses
    • employment tax credits
    • flexible spending accounts
    • flights on employer-provided aircraft
    • frequent flyer miles
    • golden parachute payments
    • group-term life insurance
    • health reimbursement accounts
    • Health Savings Accounts
    • housing relocation costs
    • identity theft protection
    • life insurance on individual basis
    • meals and lodging
    • medical insurance coverage
    • moving expenses
    • no-additional-cost service
    • retirement planning advice
    • smart phones
    • split-dollar life insurance
    • supplemental unemployment benefits
    • travel and entertainment costs
    • working condition fringe benefit
  • Employee compensation. See also Employee benefits
    • about
    • bonuses
    • deductible
    • deducting
    • deferred compensation
    • disallowance repayment agreements
    • employment tax credits (see Employment tax credits)
    • outsourced workers
    • owners, compensation to
    • stock options and restricted stock
    • temporary workers
    • worker classification
  • Employee discounts, qualified
  • Employee Plans Compliance Resolution System (EPCRS)
  • Employee Plans Corrections Resolution System (EPCRS)
  • Employee records, retention of
  • Employee relations expense
  • Employees:
    • 2% rule and
    • about
    • bad debts
    • bonuses
    • business expense deductions
    • capital gains and losses
    • car expense deductions
    • casualty and theft losses
    • checklist of deductions for
    • depreciation, amortization, and depletion
    • entertainment expenses and
    • health insurance deductions
    • highly compensated
    • home office deductions
    • household
    • leased
    • meal costs and
    • outsourced
    • rent deductions
    • repairs and maintenance
    • retirement plan deductions
    • statutory
    • taxes and interest
    • temporary
    • travel and entertainment expenses
  • Employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs)
  • Employee stock purchase plan
  • Employer differential wage payments credit
  • Employer identification number (EIN):
    • business organization and
    • obtaining
    • sole proprietorships and
    • state
  • Employer-operated eating facilities
  • Employer-paid educational expenses
  • Employer-paid parking
  • Employer-provided aircraft, flights on
  • Employer-provided child care facilities and services
  • Employers:
    • COBRA health coverage
    • eating facilities operated by
    • educational expenses paid by
    • employment-related tax credits
    • health care mandate
    • job candidate search expenses
    • records retention
    • reimbursements and outplacement services
    • small
    • tax credits for
    • wage credit for activated reservists
  • Employment agency fees
  • Employment practices liability insurance
  • Employment-related tax credits
  • Employment tax credits
    • activated reservists, employer wage credit for
    • for all businesses
    • dependent care credit
    • earned income credit
    • employee's employment-related
    • employer credit for FICA on tips
    • employer's employment-related
    • employer wage credit for activated reservists
    • empowerment zone employment credit
    • general business credit
    • Indian employment credit
    • work opportunity credit
  • Employment taxes
    • about
    • deposit dates
    • estimated taxes
    • failure to pay
    • federal
    • Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA)
    • Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA)
    • filing, for all businesses
    • income tax withholding
    • obligations
    • paying
    • penalties
    • records retention
    • self-employed persons and
    • service charges
    • state income tax withholding
    • states and
    • tips, special rules for
    • types of
  • Employment tax returns
    • amending
    • due dates
    • filing extensions
    • returns for
  • Empowerment zone employment credit
  • Endangered species recovery expenditures
  • Energy, tax credits and
  • Energy credit
  • Energy-efficient home credit
  • Energy improvements
  • Enhanced oil recovery credit
  • Enrolled agents
  • Entertainment. See Travel and entertainment expenses
  • Entertainment expenses;
    • about
    • club dues
    • deducting
    • home entertainment
    • ordinary and necessary
    • recordkeeping requirements
    • special substantiation requirements
  • Entity plans
  • Environmental and pollution liability insurance
  • Environmental cleanup costs
  • EPCRS (Employee Plans Compliance Resolution System)
  • EPCRS (Employee Plans Corrections Resolution System)
  • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
  • Equipment. See also Rents; Repairs and maintenance
    • cost of
    • repossession of
  • Equity crowdfunding
  • Equity financing
  • Errors, common:
    • avoidance of
    • retirement plans
    • W-2 forms and
  • Errors and omissions (E&O) insurance
  • ESOPs (employee stock option plans)
  • Estate planning
    • buy-sell agreements and
    • factors in decision-making
  • Estate taxes:
    • special rules for
    • succession planning and
  • Estimated taxes
  • Excess depreciation
  • Excess net passive income
  • Exchanges, tax-free
  • Excise taxes:
    • about
    • credits, claiming
    • excess contributions
    • excess parachute payments
    • farmers and
    • on fuels
    • online filing of returns
    • prohibited transactions, retirement plans
  • Excise tax returns
  • Excluding gain
  • Exclusive use test for home office
  • Exit strategies
  • Expenses:
    • advertising (see Advertising expenses)
    • bank and merchant fees
    • business, in general
    • business equipment
    • car and truck
    • charitable contributions
    • checklist of deductible and nondeductible expenses
    • clothing
    • commissions
    • customs
    • damages
    • deducting
    • depletion
    • disabled persons and
    • dues and subscriptions
    • educational
    • farming
    • fines
    • first-year expensing
    • insurance
    • interest (see Interest)
    • job candidate search
    • job-seeking
    • legal fees
    • licenses and permits
    • lobbying
    • meal costs, day care providers
    • meals (see Meal and entertainment expenses)
    • moving
    • nondeductible
    • office
    • ordinary and necessary
    • other
    • outsourced workers
    • passive activity loss rules and deductions
    • payments to directors and independent contractors
    • penalties
    • postage
    • prepaid (see Prepaid expenses)
    • professional fees
    • rents
    • shipping
    • sideline businesses
    • supplies and materials
    • telephone
    • uniforms
    • write-offs and
  • Expensing. See also First-year expensing
  • Experimentation costs, deducting
  • Extensions, filing
  • Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
  • Fair market value (FMV):
    • bad debts
    • cars
    • casualty and theft losses
    • charitable contributions and
    • incentive stock options and
  • Family members, employed
  • Farmers Home Administration (FHA)
  • Farm income averaging
  • Farming:
    • about
    • business income
    • claiming credits/refunds
    • conservation easements
    • elected farm income
    • expenses
    • expenses, nondeductible
    • fuels, exemption from excise tax on
    • fuels tax credits
    • home office deductions
    • income averaging
    • income from
    • losses
    • passive activity loss rules and
    • self-employment tax
    • tax credits
    • timber gains
  • Farm-related taxpayer
  • Farm Services Agency (FSA)
  • Fast Track Settlement Program
  • FAVR (fixed and variable allowance)
  • FBN (fictitious business name)
  • Federal corporate tax rate schedule
  • Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA)
  • Federal employment taxes
  • Federal excise tax on fuels
  • Federal Insurance Contribution Act. See FICA
  • Federally-declared disaster areas
  • Federal right of contribution
  • Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA):
    • credit reduction states
    • employment tax and
    • household workers and
    • Feed, livestock
  • Feed assistance and payments
  • FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Association)
  • Fertilizer and lime
  • FHA (Farmers Home Administration)
  • FICA (Federal Insurance Contribution Act):
    • employer credit for tips
    • employer portion
    • employment tax and
    • tax planning and
    • withholding wages for
  • Fictitious business name (FBN)
  • Fidelity bonds
  • Fiduciary rule
  • Field audits
  • FIFO (first-in, first-out)
  • 15-year property
  • Filing deadlines and extensions
    • business organization and
    • filing extensions
    • filing methods
    • IRS forms for (see IRS Forms)
    • late filing penalties
  • Filing extensions, IRS Forms for
  • Filing methods
  • Filing online
  • Filing tax returns. See also Filing extensions
    • employment taxes
    • excise taxes
    • failure to
    • information returns
    • online
    • on time
  • Film or television productions, expensing
  • Financial planner
  • Financing:
    • for buyouts
    • debt
    • equity
    • options, other
    • real estate
    • royalty
  • Fines, payment of
  • First in, first-out (FIFO)
  • First-time abatement (FTA)
  • First-time abatement program
  • First-year expensing
    • about
    • for cars
    • for computers
    • defined
    • disposition of property
    • election of
    • limits on
    • multiple businesses
    • revocation of election of
  • First year of business, tax reporting
  • Fiscal year
  • Fishing, commercial
  • 5-year property
  • Fixed and variable rate (FAVR) allowance for personal use of company cars
  • Fleet valuation method
  • Flexible spending accounts (FSAs)
  • Flexible spending arrangements (FSAs)
  • Flights on employer-provided aircraft
  • Flood insurance
  • Floor taxes
  • FLSA (Fair Labor Standards Act)
  • FMV. See Fair market value
  • Food inventory donations
  • Foreclosure on or repossession of property:
    • equipment and other personal property
    • lender's perspective
    • real property
  • Foreign accounts, information returns
  • Foreign conventions
  • Foreign earned income exclusion
  • Foreign housing deduction
    • base housing amount
    • housing expenses
  • Foreign housing exclusion
  • Foreign investments
  • Foreign tax credit
  • Foreign taxes
  • Foreign travel
    • counting business days
    • entirely for business
    • primarily for business
    • primarily for vacation
  • Forest health protection payments
  • Formerly small corporations
  • Form of business organization
  • Forms. See IRS Forms
  • 401(k) plans:
    • investment choices and fees
    • loans from
    • one-person
    • “in-plan rollover”
  • Franchise taxes
  • Frequent flyer miles
  • Fringe benefits. See also Employee benefits
    • business organization and
    • de mimimus (minimal)
    • employment tax obligations on
    • limits on, for owners
    • medical coverage as
    • qualified transportation
    • working condition
  • FSA (Farm Services Agency)
  • FSAs (flexible spending accounts)
  • FTA (first-time abatement)
  • FTEs (full-time equivalent employees), health care mandate
  • Fuels:
    • exemption from excise tax on
    • tax credits on
    • taxes on
  • Full-time equivalent employees (FTEs), health care mandate
  • FUTA. See Federal Unemployment Tax Act
  • Gains. See also Capital gains
    • about
    • built-in
    • built-in gains tax and
    • community renewal property and
    • deferring
    • equipment and other personal property
    • excluding
    • installment sales
    • involuntary conversions
    • net
    • postponing
    • real property
    • recapture
    • reporting
    • sale-leasebacks and
    • sale of all assets
    • Section 1202
    • Section 1231
    • short-term
    • timber
    • unrecaptured
  • GDS (General Depreciation System)
  • General business credit
    • carryovers and
    • employment tax credits and
    • limitations on
  • General Depreciation System (GDS)
  • General partnerships
  • Gift cards
  • Gift-leasebacks
  • Gift loans
  • Gifts:
    • business
    • recordkeeping requirements
    • substantiation requirements
  • Gig economy
  • Golden parachute payments, about
  • Goodwill, promotion of
  • Grants
  • Gross income, home office deductions and
  • Gross profit percent
  • Gross profit percentage
  • Gross profits
  • Gross receipts:
    • cash method of accounting and
    • defined
    • domestic production activities
    • from sale of goods
  • Gross receipts tax
  • Group-term life insurance
  • Guaranteed payments to partners
  • Guarantees resulting in bad debts
  • Half-year convention
  • Handicapped persons. See Disabled persons
  • HCEs (Highly compensated employees)
  • Health care mandates
    • annual determination
    • controlled businesses
    • employer mandate
    • information reporting
    • off-time counts
    • penalties
    • seasonal businesses
    • self-employed individuals
  • Health insurance. See Medical coverage
  • Health reimbursement accounts (HRAs)
  • Health reimbursement arrangements (HRAs)
  • Health Savings Accounts (HSAs)
    • about
    • benefits of
    • contributions
    • eligibility
    • Medical Savings Accounts and
    • taxation of
  • Heavy SUVs
  • Help-wanted ads
  • High-deductible plans
  • High-low substantiation method
  • Highly compensated employees (HCEs)
  • Hobby losses
    • farming
    • hobby classification and
    • profit motive and
  • Holding period
  • Home:
    • employing worker in your
    • energy-efficient home credit
    • living away from on temporary assignment
    • rental of portion of for business use
    • tax home, defined
  • Home entertainment
  • Home office deductions:
    • about
    • actual expense method
    • ancillary benefits of claiming
    • bed and breakfasts
    • carryovers
    • day-care facilities
    • deducting
    • employees, special requirements for
    • exclusive and regular use
    • home mortgage interest and
    • homeowner's insurance
    • home sales, impact of
    • meeting with patients, clients, or customers
    • mobile offices
    • principal place of business
    • separate structure
    • sideline businesses
    • simplified method
    • special business uses of home
    • storage space
  • Home office depreciation
  • Homeowners insurance
  • Home sale exclusion
  • Homestead protection
  • Household employees:
    • nanny tax
    • special reporting for
  • Housing expenses, foreign housing deduction
  • Housing relocation costs
  • HRAs (health reimbursement accounts)
  • HRAs (health reimbursement arrangements)
  • HSAs. See Health Savings Accounts
  • Identity theft protection
  • Ill, donations for
  • Imaging systems, electronic
  • Improvements. See also Capital gains
    • capital
    • energy
    • leasehold
    • restaurant
    • retail
  • Improvements to property
    • deductions for
    • disabled access credit
    • for elderly and handicapped
    • qualifying expenditures
    • recordkeeping
    • recovery periods
  • Imputed income
  • Imputed interest
  • Incentive stock options (ISOs)
  • Incidental property
  • Incidental rate
  • Incidental travel costs
  • Inclusion amount
  • Income
    • about
    • COD income
    • dividends
    • earned income credit
    • excess net passive
    • farming
    • foreign earned
    • imputed
    • interest
    • investment-type
    • miscellaneous business
    • rentals
    • reporting
    • sale of goods
    • service businesses
    • state taxes on
  • Income and deduction strategies
    • about
    • audit-proofing returns
    • carryovers, tracking
    • errors, common
    • post-year tax elections
    • tax-planning decisions
  • Income averaging
  • Income tax deficiencies, interest paid on
  • Income taxes:
    • estimated
    • federal
    • nexus to state and
    • state
  • Income tax withholding
    • records retention
  • Incorporation of business
  • Independent contractors. See also Self-employed individuals
    • about
    • business income
    • payments to
    • reporting payments to
    • travel and entertainment expenses
  • Indian employment credit
  • Indirect costs
  • Indirect gifts
  • Individual retirement accounts (IRAs)
    • about
    • converting to Roth
    • and other retirement plans
    • prohibited transactions
    • spousal
  • Individuals:
    • capital loss limits on
    • estimated taxes
    • net operating losses, calculating
    • reservists, activated, employer wage credit for
    • whaling captains, deduction for
  • Industry-based guidance
  • Infants, donations for
  • Inflation, items adjusted for
  • Information returns
    • about
    • cash transactions
    • dividends
    • due dates, electronically filed
    • e-filing and
    • failure to file correct
    • filing
    • foreign accounts
    • health care mandates and
    • health coverage
    • independent contractors, payments to
    • large cash transactions
    • medical coverage
    • merchant transactions
    • online filing of
    • pension distributions
    • retirement plan distributions
    • small cash transactions
    • wages
  • “In-plan rollover”
  • Insolvency
  • Installment method accounting
  • Installment reporting, election out of
  • Installment sales:
    • buyouts and
    • capital gains from
    • depreciable property
    • election out of reporting
    • gains and losses
    • interest on deferred payments
    • reporting, election out of
    • tax planning and
  • Insurance. See also Medical coverage; specific insurance types
    • accident and health
    • business owners' policy (BOP)
    • business interruption
    • car
    • casualty and theft losses
    • credit
    • crop
    • cyber-liability
    • deductible costs of
    • directors and officers
    • disability
    • employment practices liability
    • environmental and pollution liability
    • errors and omissions
    • fidelity bonds
    • flood
    • group-term life
    • homeowners
    • key person
    • liability
    • life (see Life insurance)
    • long-term care
    • overhead
    • Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
    • performance bonds
    • product liability
    • professional liability coverage
    • use and occupancy
    • worker's compensation
  • Insurance premiums, cash basis and prepayment
  • Intangible property:
    • amortization of
    • defined
    • self-created
  • Intellectual property:
    • donations of
    • suing for infringement
  • Intent, and option to buy
  • Interest:
    • about
    • in business, debt incurred to buy
    • on condemnation awards
    • deductible
    • deducting
    • imputed
    • on income tax deficiencies
    • investment (see Investment interest)
    • on life insurance policies
    • nondeductible
    • personal
    • prepaid
    • reasonable rate of
    • on student loans
    • tax-exempt income and
  • Interest-free loans
  • Interest income
  • Intermediaries, qualified
  • Interviews, travel costs for
  • Inventory:
    • casualty and theft losses to
    • charitable contributions of
    • depreciation not allowed for
    • disasters and
    • food, donations of
    • storage of in homes
  • Investment advice, retirement plans
  • Investment company, deferring gain on securities
  • Investment income, passive
  • Investment interest:
    • carryovers
    • general rules
  • Investment limit on first-year expensing
  • Investments:
    • for 401(k) plans
    • foreign
  • Investment-type income
  • Involuntary conversions, gains and losses from
  • IRAs (individual retirement accounts), penalty-free withdrawals
  • IRS. See also IRS Forms
    • assistance from
    • audit guides
    • e-file system
    • opinions from
    • private letter rulings
    • publications of
  • IRS Direct Pay
  • IRS Forms:
    • 1040, Schedule C
    • 1040, Schedule C-EZ
    • 1040, Schedule SE
    • 1065, Schedule K-1 of
    • 1065, U.S. Return of Partnership Income
    • 1095
    • 1099-MISC, Miscellaneous Income
    • 1099-S
    • 5304-SIMPLE, Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees of Small Employers
    • 8832, Entity Classification Election
    • insurance deductions
    • W-2, Wage and Tax Statement
    • work opportunity credit
  • IRS letters
  • IRS tax preparers
  • ISOs (incentive stock options)
  • Job assignments, change in
  • Job candidate search expenses
  • Job locations, major and minor
  • Job-seeking expenses
  • Joint ventures, spousal
  • Kay Bailey Hutchinson IRAs
  • Kerosene fuel tax credit, undyed
  • Key-person life insurance
  • Kickbacks
  • Kiddie tax
  • Labor costs for farming
  • Land, as not depreciable
  • Large cash transactions
  • Last-in, first-out (LIFO)
  • Late filing penalties
  • Late payment penalties
  • Lawyers
  • Lease bonus payments
  • Leased employees
  • Leasehold improvements
  • Lease payments
  • Leases. See also Rents
    • amortization of costs of acquiring
    • annual lease value
    • business cars
    • buying versus
    • car
    • costs of acquiring, modifying, or canceling
    • gift-leasebacks
    • improvements to leased property
    • inclusion amount
    • leveraged
    • with option to buy
    • qualified leasehold, restaurant, and retail improvements
    • sale-leasebacks
  • Legal fees
  • Leveraged leases
  • Liability coverage
  • Licenses
  • Life insurance:
    • buyouts and
    • group-term
    • on individual basis
    • interest on policies
    • key-person
    • split-dollar
  • Lifetime learning credit
  • LIFO (last-in, first-out)
  • Like-kind exchanges:
    • property acquired in
    • timing of
  • Like kind or class
  • Lime and fertilizer
  • Limited liability companies (LLCs):
    • about
    • alternative minimum tax
    • bad debts
    • basis determination
    • business expense deductions
    • business income
    • capital gains and losses
    • car expenses
    • casualty and theft losses
    • depreciation, amortization, and depletion
    • domestic production activities deductions
    • e-filing and
    • farming expenses
    • gains and losses
    • health insurance deductions
    • home office deductions
    • losses, limitations on
    • one-member
    • owners, compensation to
    • rent deductions
    • repairs and maintenance
    • required year and
    • retirement plan deductions
    • sales of business interests
    • series LLCs
    • tax credits
    • taxes and interest
    • transfer of assets to
    • transferred property and
    • travel and entertainment expenses
  • Limited liability limited partnerships (LLLPs)
  • Limited liability partnerships (LLPs)
  • Limited partnerships (LPs)
  • Limited use property, defined
  • Listed property, limitations on
  • Litigation, audits and
  • Livestock feed
  • Livestock sales
  • LLCs. See Limited liability companies
  • LLPs (limited liability partnerships)
  • Loans. See also Debt; Mortgages
    • above-market
    • bad debts
    • below-market
    • commitment fees for
    • Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC)
    • dominant motive for
    • gift
    • interest-free
    • long-term
    • mid-term
    • peer-to-peer
    • repayment of
    • from retirement plans
    • by shareholder-employees
    • from shareholders
    • short-term
    • student
  • Lobbying expenses
  • Local income taxes
  • Local transportation costs
  • Location tax incentives
  • Lodging expenses:
    • about
    • deducting
    • for employees on premises
    • high-low method for
    • local overnight stays
    • travel within U.S. and
  • Logs for expenses
  • Long-term care insurance
  • Long-term contracts
  • Long-term loans
  • Look-back method for long-term contracts
  • Losses. See also Capital losses; Casualty and theft losses; Disaster losses; Net operating losses; Passive activity losses
    • about
    • bad debts
    • basis and
    • claiming, in general
    • disasters and
    • equipment and other personal property
    • limitations on
    • reporting
    • at-risk
    • sale of all assets
    • Section 1231
    • Section 1244
    • tax planning and
  • Low-income housing credit
  • Low-sulfur diesel fuel production credit
  • LPs (limited partnerships)
  • Luxury taxes
  • Machinery;
    • replacement property
    • spare parts, rotable
    • writing off costs and
  • MACRS. See Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System
  • Maintenance. See Repairs and maintenance
  • Marginal oil and gas well production credit
  • Mark-to-market accounting
  • Material participation
  • Material participation, defined
  • Materials, cost of
  • Materials, nonincidental
  • Meal allowance, standard
  • Meal and entertainment expenses:
    • about
    • associated test
    • club dues
    • directly related test
    • employer-operated eating facility
    • gifts and
    • home entertainment
    • limit
    • missing, lost, inadequate records
    • ordinary and necessary
    • other requirements
    • recordkeeping requirements
    • reimbursement arrangements
    • spouse's expenses
  • Meals:
    • day-care providers, costs for
    • standard meal allowance
    • travel within U.S. and
  • Mediation, audits and
  • Medical coverage:
    • about
    • accident and health insurance
    • Affordable Care Act
    • Archer Medical Savings Accounts
    • cafeteria plans
    • COBRA coverage
    • deducting
    • employees and
    • flexible spending arrangements
    • FTEs and
    • health care mandates
    • health reimbursement arrangements
    • Health Savings Accounts
    • information returns
    • mandates
    • premium-only plans
    • reporting
    • S corporation shareholders
    • self-employed individuals
    • shifting costs to employees
    • tax credit for
    • tax planning and
    • wellness programs
  • Medical reimbursement plans
    • disadvantages of
    • health reimbursement arrangements
    • QSEHRAs
    • special reimbursements
  • Medical Savings Accounts (MSAs), Health Savings Accounts and
  • Medicare coverage, Part B premium
  • Medicare taxes. See also FICA
    • business organization and
    • employer portion
    • records retention
  • Merchant fees
  • Merchant income on credit cards
  • Merchant transactions, information returns
  • Metropolitan area, defined
  • Mid-month convention
  • Mid-quarter convention
  • Mid-term loans
  • Mileage allowance. See Standard mileage rate
  • Mileage logs, business
  • Military, employer wage credit for activated reservists
  • Mineral properties
  • Mini-COBRA rules
  • Minimum tax credit
  • Miscellaneous business deductions
  • Miscellaneous business income
  • Misclassification of workers
  • Mobile offices
  • Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS)
    • Alternative Depreciation System (ADS)
    • basic system
    • conventions
    • General Depreciation System (GDS)
    • half-year convention
    • improvements to leased property
    • mid-month convention
    • mid-quarter convention
    • recovery periods
  • Modified taxable income
  • Money purchase plans
  • Mortgages:
    • home office deduction and
    • paying off
  • Moving a business
  • Moving expenses
    • about
    • business deductions, miscellaneous
    • deducting
    • distance test
    • employer reimbursement of
    • employment status change
    • time test
    • work in your new location
  • MSAs (Medical Savings Accounts)
  • Multiple businesses
    • advantages and disadvantages of multiple entities
    • controlled corporations
    • employer mandate
    • first-year expensing
    • retirement plans
    • running multiple activities within one business compared to
    • tax rules
  • Multistate operations and business organization
  • MyRAs
  • NAICS (North American Industry Classification System)
  • Nanny tax
  • National Advocate Service
  • National Association of Insurance Underwriters
  • Natural disasters. See also Disaster losses
  • Nature and number of owners, business organization and
  • Necessary expenses
  • Needy, donations for
  • Negligence penalty
  • Net gains
  • Net investment income (NII):
    • investment interest and
    • Medicare tax on
  • Net investment income tax
  • Net operating losses (NOLs)
    • about
    • alternative minimum tax and
    • calculating
    • carrybacks
    • carryovers
    • corporations
    • deemed
    • disasters and
    • farming
    • individuals
  • Net passive income, excess
  • Netting process
  • New markets credit
  • Nexus to state and income taxes
  • No-additional-cost services
  • Nonaccountable plans:
    • car
    • travel and entertainment
  • Nonaccrual-experience method for bad debts
  • Nonbusiness bad debts
  • Noncash payments to employees
  • Nondeductible expenses, checklist of
  • Nondeductible taxes
  • Nonhighly compensated employees
  • Nonqualified achievement awards
  • Nonqualified employee stock options
  • Nonqualified retirement plans
  • Nonrecaptured losses
  • Nonrecourse debt
  • Nonresidential realty, recovery period
  • North American area
  • North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
  • Obamacare. See Affordable Care Act
  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
  • Office audits
  • Office expenses
  • Officers of corporations:
    • directors and officers coverage
    • salary
  • Office supplies
  • Off-time counts
  • Oil and gas properties:
    • partnerships, and depletion allowance
    • refiners
    • S corporations, and depletion allowance
    • tax credits for
  • Oil recovery credit, enhanced
  • 150% declining balance rate
  • One-member limited liability companies
  • One-person 401(k) plans
  • Online filing of tax returns
    • preparers and
  • Online payment of taxes
    • investing resources in
    • tax decisions, initial
  • Optional farm method for self-employment tax
  • Optional nonfarm method for self-employment tax
  • Options, stock. See Stock options and restricted stock
  • Ordinary advertising expenses
  • Ordinary and necessary business expenses
  • Ordinary loss deduction, limit on
  • Ordinary loss treatment, qualifying for
  • Ordinary repairs
  • Organizational costs:
    • corporations
    • partnerships
  • Orphan drug credit
  • OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
  • Outplacement services
  • Outsourced workers
  • Overhead insurance
  • Overnight stays, local
  • Owners:
    • payment of company expenses
    • tax planning and
  • Parent-subsidiary controlled groups
  • Parking, employer-paid
  • Part B premium, Medicare
  • Partial days of travel
  • Partnerships:
    • about
    • alternative minimum tax
    • amortization of organizational costs for
    • bad debts
    • basis determination
    • business expense deductions
    • business income
    • capital gains and losses
    • car expense deductions
    • casualty and theft losses
    • charitable contributions
    • deductions, in general
    • depreciation, amortization, and depletion
    • distributive share of expenditures
    • domestic production activities deductions
    • e-filing and
    • failure to file a return
    • farming expenses
    • gains and losses
    • general
    • guaranteed payments to partners
    • health insurance deductions
    • home office deductions
    • losses, limitations on
    • medical coverage
    • oil and gas properties, and depletion
    • online filing by
    • owners, compensation to
    • rent deductions
    • repairs and maintenance
    • reporting income/benefits
    • required year and
    • retirement plan deductions
    • sales of business interests
    • tax credits
    • taxes and interest
    • tax treatment
    • transfer of assets to
    • transferred property and
    • travel and entertainment expenses
    • types of
  • Passive activity, defined
  • Passive activity losses (PAL)
    • at-risk rules and
    • carryover period for
    • deductions for expenses and
    • farm losses and
    • limitations on
    • real estate exceptions
  • Passive investment income
  • Pass-through entities
    • bonuses to owners of
    • capital gains and losses
    • defined
    • dividends and
    • domestic production activities deduction
    • first-year expensing
    • partnerships as
    • state income taxes and
  • Patronage dividends
  • Payee statements, failure to file
  • Payments. See also Prepaid expenses
    • agricultural
    • cancellation
    • cash method of accounting and
    • Conservation Reserve Program
    • crop insurance and crop disaster
    • deferred compensation
    • to directors
    • employment taxes
    • feed assistance
    • forest health protection
    • guaranteed
    • interest on deferred
    • in kind
    • lease bonus
    • methods of
    • prepayments
    • relocation
    • required
    • restitution
    • in services
  • Payments in kind
  • Payments in services
  • PayPal
  • Payroll providers
  • Payroll tax credit
  • Payroll taxes. See Employment taxes
  • PBA (principal business activity)
  • PBGC (Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation)
  • Peer-to-peer lending
  • Penalties
    • accuracy-related
    • employment taxes
    • fines, damages and
    • health care mandates and
    • information returns and
    • late filing
    • late payment
    • negligence
    • payee statements and
    • preparer
    • relief
    • trust fund recovery
  • Penalty-free IRA withdrawals
  • Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration (PWBA)
  • Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation premiums
  • Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC)
  • Pension plans
  • PEOs (professional employer organizations)
  • Percentage depletion
  • Percentage-of-completion method, exceptions from
  • Percentage test
  • Per diem rates:
    • recordkeeping for
    • reimbursement at
  • Performance bonds
  • Performing artists
  • Permits
  • Personal education incentives
  • Personal effects
  • Personal holding company penalty
  • Personal holding corporation (PHC)
  • Personal identification number (PIN)
  • Personal interest
  • Personal liability and business organization
  • Personal property:
    • business use of
    • defined
    • removal costs, tangible
    • repossession of
  • Personal property taxes
  • Personal service corporations (PSCs):
    • accounting period and
    • cash method of accounting and
  • PHC (personal holding corporation)
  • Phones, cellular. See Smartphones
  • PIN (personal identification number)
  • Placed in service
  • Planning:
    • ahead
    • estate
    • retirement (see Retirement plans)
    • tax
    • year-end
  • Plug-in electric vehicles
    • 2-wheel
    • 4-wheel
  • Pollution control facilities, amortization of
  • Pollution liability insurance
  • Portfolios, debt-financed
  • Postage and shipping
  • Postage costs
  • Postponing gains
  • Post-year tax elections to cut bills
  • PPACA specialist
  • Preference items and alternative minimum tax
  • Premium-only medical plans
  • Premium tax credit
  • Prepaid expenses:
    • advance payments as
    • cash method of accounting and
    • deduction of
    • farm supplies
    • as income to service businesses
    • rent
  • Prepaid interest
  • Preparers, tax return
  • Principal business activity (PBA)
  • Principal place of business
  • Private letter rulings
  • Prizes:
    • as advertising expenses
    • for employees
  • Produce, sales of
  • Product liability coverage
  • Professional employer organizations (PEOs)
  • Professional fees
  • Professional liability coverage
  • Profitability, lack of
  • Profit motive and sideline businesses
  • Profit-sharing plans
  • Promotional activities
  • Property. See also Casualty and theft losses; Property, business, sale of; Rents; Repairs and maintenance
    • abandonment of
    • additions to
    • community renewal
    • deduction of rents
    • depreciable
    • dispositions of
    • exchange of
    • foreclosure on
    • incidental
    • intellectual
    • limited use
    • listed, limitations on
    • oil and gas
    • personal
    • placed in service
    • qualified improvement
    • recovery periods
    • replacement
    • restricted
    • Section
      • property
    • tangible
    • transfer of
    • unit of
  • Property, business, sale of:
    • involuntary conversions
    • sale of all assets of business
  • Property insurance
  • PSCs (personal service corporations)
  • PTIN holders
  • QSEHRA (Qualified Small Employer Health Reimbursement Arrangement)
  • Qualified achievement awards
  • Qualified business stock, sale of
  • Qualified cost, defined
  • Qualified default investment alternatives (QDIAs)
  • Qualified employee discounts
  • Qualified improvement property
  • Qualified intermediaries
  • Qualified leasehold, restaurant, and retail improvements
  • Qualified medical expenses.
  • Qualified performing artists (QPAs):
    • car expenses
    • travel and entertainment expenses
  • Qualified personal service corporation (PSC), defined
  • Qualified producers (domestic production activities)
  • Qualified production activity income (QPAI)
  • Qualified retirement plans
    • actions to avoid
    • approval, obtaining and maintaining
    • automatic enrollment feature of
    • borrowing from
    • comparison of
    • compensation limit
    • contribution limit
    • coverage for employees
    • disparity, permitted
    • excess contributions
    • filing information returns
    • loans from
    • obtaining and maintaining approval
    • participation in
    • permitted disparity
    • plan defects, correcting
    • plan errors
    • prohibited transactions
    • for self-employed individuals
    • tax planning and
    • types of
    • vesting
  • Qualified Small Employer Health Reimbursement Arrangement (QSEHRA)
  • Qualified transportation fringe benefits
  • Rabbi trusts
  • Ranches. See Farming
  • Ratio test
  • Real estate professionals
  • Real estate/real property:
    • estate planning and
    • financing, at-risk rule for
    • gain on
    • home sale exclusion
    • rehabilitation credit
    • rents
    • taxes on
  • Realty, nonresidential
  • Realty, recovery periods for
  • Realty components, recovery periods
  • Reasonable cause
  • Reasonable compensation
  • Reasonable rate of interest
  • Recapture:
    • by C corporations
    • of depreciation
    • first-year expensing
    • installment sales and
    • LIFO
  • Receivables, unrealized
  • Recordkeeping See also Documentary evidence
    • about
    • audit exposure, minimizing
    • basis
    • car expenses
    • carryover
    • depreciation
    • diaries or logs
    • disposal of records and
    • general
    • importance of good
    • missing, lost, inadequate records
    • per diem rates
    • relief
    • repairs and maintenance
    • retention of records
    • special substantiation requirements certain expenses
    • technology for
    • travel and entertainment expenses
  • Recourse debt
  • Recovered property
  • Recovery periods
  • Recreational vehicles (RVs)
  • Recurring items
  • Redemption-type agreements
  • Redemption-type buy-sell agreements
  • Refiners
  • Reforestation expenses
  • Refunds:
    • from carrybacks
    • fuel-related excise taxes
  • Rehabilitation credit
  • Rehabilitation doctrine
  • Rehabilitation plans
  • Reimbursement arrangements
    • accountable plans
    • car, business use of
    • incidental rate
    • lack of
    • nonaccountable plans
    • partial days of travel
    • per diem rates and
    • tax planning and
  • Related parties
  • Relocating businesses
  • Relocation, housing relocation costs
  • Relocation payments
  • Removal costs, tangible personal property
  • Renewable energy production credit
  • Rental real estate exception to passive activity losses
  • Rents
    • about
    • advance
    • car leases
    • to corporations
    • cost of leases
    • deducting
    • defined
    • as farm income
    • gift-leasebacks
    • improvements to leased property
    • as income
    • leveraged leases
    • miscellaneous rentals
    • with option to buy
    • of portion of home for business
    • prepaid
    • real estate
  • Repairs and maintenance:
    • about
    • accounting method, change in
    • capital improvements, list of deductible
    • capital items compared to
    • deducting
    • disabled access credit
    • improvements for elderly and handicapped
    • ordinary repairs
    • rehabilitation plans
    • removal of architectural or transportation barriers
    • repairs, list of deductible
    • rotable spare parts
    • small business safe harbors
  • Replacement property:
    • defined
    • S corporations
    • self-employed individuals
    • tax-free exchanges and
  • Replacement time limits
  • Repossession. See Foreclosure on or repossession of property
  • Required distributions
  • Required payments
  • Required year
  • Resale numbers
  • Research costs, deducting
  • Research tax credits:
    • orphan drug credit
    • research credit
  • Resellers
  • Reservists, activated, employer wage credit for
  • Residential rental realty, recovery period
  • Restaurant improvements
  • Restitution payments
  • Restricted property
  • Restricted stock. See Stock options and restricted stock
  • Restrictions on accounting periods and accounting methods
  • Resumes
  • Retail improvements
  • Retired persons, medical coverage for
  • Retirees, medical coverage
  • Retirement planning:
    • about
    • plan loans
    • professionals and
    • rollovers
  • Retirement plans. See also specific plan type
    • about
    • added costs for
    • advice, as employee benefit
    • amendments to
    • annual reporting requirements
    • bonding requirement
    • contributions
    • correcting plan defects
    • deductions for
    • defined benefit plans
    • errors, common
    • ESOPs (employee stock option plans)
    • filing information returns
    • investment advice
    • IRAs
    • monitoring investments
    • MyRAs
    • nonqualified
    • owning your business
    • plan maintenance cost
    • qualified
    • reporting distributions
    • reporting requirements
    • for self-employed individuals
    • setting up
    • start-up cost tax credit
    • state-sponsored plans for private sector
    • terminology for
  • Returns. See also Information returns; Tax returns
  • ROBS (rollovers as business start-ups)
  • Rollovers, retirement planning and
  • Rollovers as business start-ups (ROBS)
  • Rotable spare parts
  • Roth 401(k) retirement plans
  • Roth IRAs:
    • converting to
    • designated Roth accounts
    • “in-plan rollover”
  • Royalty financing
  • Rulings, private letter
  • RVs (recreational vehicles)
  • Safe harbor rules:
    • classification of workers
    • de mimimus (minimal)
    • domestic production activities
    • home office deductions
    • maintenance, routine
    • small building
    • small business
  • Salary:
    • continuations
    • of corporate officers
  • Salary reduction arrangements in SEPs (SARSEPs)
  • Sale. See also Resellers
    • of cars
    • exchange requirement or
    • installment (see Installment sales)
  • Sale-leasebacks
  • Sales and use taxes
  • Sales revenue, sourcing of
  • Sales taxes:
    • resale number
    • use taxes and
  • SARSEPs (Salary reduction arrangements in SEPs)
  • Savings Incentive Match Plans for Employees (SIMPLEs)
  • SBA (Small Business Administration)
  • Scientific property donations
  • S corporations:
    • about
    • alternative minimum tax
    • audit strategies
    • bad debts
    • business expense deductions
    • business income
    • cancellation of debt income for
    • capital gains and losses
    • car expenses
    • casualty and theft losses
    • charitable contributions from
    • depreciation, amortization, and depletion
    • dividends and
    • domestic production activities deductions
    • e-filing and
    • farming expenses
    • gains and losses
    • health insurance deductions
    • losses, limitations on
    • medical coverage
    • oil and gas properties, and depletion allowance
    • owners, compensation to
    • rent deductions
    • repairs and maintenance
    • reporting income/benefits
    • required year and
    • retirement plan deductions
    • sales of business interests
    • special income items for
    • tax credits
    • taxes and interest
    • travel and entertainment expenses
  • Seasonal businesses
  • SECA (self-employment tax)
  • Section 83(b) elections
  • Section
    • deduction
  • Section
    • intangibles
  • Section
    • election for fiscal year
  • Section
    • relief
  • Section
    • method
  • Section
    • election
  • Section
    • rollover
  • Section
    • gains
  • Section
    • property
  • Section
    • losses
  • Securities:
    • deferring gain and
    • defined
    • worthless
  • Securities, worthless
  • Self-created intangibles
  • Self-employed individuals. See also Independent contractors
    • alternative minimum tax
    • bad debts
    • business expense deductions
    • business income
    • capital gains and losses
    • car expenses
    • casualty and theft losses
    • checklist of deductions for
    • COBRA payments
    • compensation paid to
    • depreciation, amortization, and depletion
    • domestic production activities deductions
    • farming deductions
    • gains and losses
    • health insurance deductions
    • home office deductions
    • medical coverage
    • rent deductions
    • repairs and maintenance
    • reporting income/benefits
    • retirement plan deductions
    • retirement plans
    • self-employment tax
    • tax credits
    • taxes and interest
    • travel and entertainment expenses
  • Self-Employed Qualified Plans:
    • about
    • contributions to
  • Self-employment tax (SECA)
    • employer portion
  • Self-insured
  • Self-insured medical reimbursement plans
  • Self-select personal identification number (PIN)
  • SEPs. See Simplified employee pensions
  • Series LLC
  • Service businesses, income for
  • Service charges
  • Service revenue, apportionment methods
  • Services:
    • no-additional-cost
    • payments in
  • Severance damages
  • Severance pay
  • 7-year property
  • Shareholders:
    • compensation paid to
    • formalizing agreements between corporations and
    • guarantees of corporate debt
    • more than 2%
  • Shipping costs
  • SHOP (Small Business Health Options Program)
  • Short tax years
  • Short-term gains
  • Short-term loans
  • Shrinkage
  • Sideline businesses
    • business expenses
    • business expenses and
    • hobby losses
    • profit motive and
    • reporting income
    • reporting income and expenses
  • Signatures:
    • electronic
    • signing return
  • Significant participation activity
  • SIMPLE (Savings Incentive Match Plans for Employees)
  • SIMPLE-IRA versus Self-Employed Qualified Plan or
  • Simplified employee pensions (SEPs)
    • contributions to
    • covering employees in
    • defined
    • qualified plan versus
    • salary reductions for
    • SIMPLE-IRA versus Self-Employed Qualified Plan or
  • Simplified expense method, for home office deduction
  • 6-year graded vesting
  • Sleep or rest rule
  • Small building safe harbor election
  • Small Business Administration (SBA)
  • Small businesses:
    • defined
    • qualified business stock, sale of
    • tax credits for
  • Small business exception, cash method of accounting and
  • Small Business Health Options Program (SHOP)
  • Small business investment company, deferring gain
  • Small cash transactions, reporting on
  • Small corporations:
    • alternative minimum tax
    • checklist of deductions for
  • Small employer health tax credit
  • Small employer pension plan start-up costs, credit for
  • Small employers, SIMPLE plans and
  • Small inventory-based business exception
  • Smartphones. See also Telephone expenses
    • as employee benefit
    • golden parachute payments and
    • home office deductions and
    • recordkeeping and
  • Social media costs
  • Social Security number, sole proprietorships and
  • Social Security taxes:
    • business organization and
    • employer portion
    • records retention
  • Software:
    • amortization of
    • cost of
  • Soil conservation expenses
  • Sole proprietorships
    • about
    • day traders
    • e-filing and
    • husband-wife joint ventures
    • independent contractors
    • IRS Form 1040, Schedule C
    • IRS Form 1040, Schedule C-EZ
    • IRS Form 1099-MISC
    • one-member limited liability companies
    • reporting income
    • sales of business interests
    • spousal joint ventures
    • state income taxes and
    • statutory employees
    • tax identification number
    • tax treatment of
  • Spare parts, rotable
  • Special assessments
  • Specialized small business investment company (SSBIC)
  • Special rulings from IRS
  • Special substantiation requirements:
    • charitable contributions
    • travel and entertainment expenses
  • Specific chargeoff method
  • Specific identification method
  • Split-dollar life insurance plans
  • Spousal joint ventures
  • Spouses:
    • entertainment expenses of
    • indirect gifts
  • SSBIC (specialized small business investment company)
  • Standard meal allowance
  • Standard mileage rate:
    • in 2017
    • about
    • actual expense method compared to
    • barred
    • recordkeeping for
  • Start-up of business
    • amortization of organizational costs for
    • financing for
    • first year tax reporting
    • initial tax decisions
    • investing own resources
    • setting up bank accounts and credit cards
    • tax identification number
    • writing-off costs of
  • State benefit funds
  • State income taxes
    • on business income
    • corporations
    • e-filing and
    • gross receipts tax
    • sourcing of services revenue
    • withholding of
  • State-sponsored retirement plans for private sector
  • State taxes:
    • income-based, other
    • multiple businesses and
    • nexus to state and income taxes
    • tax authorities
  • Statute of limitations
  • Statutory employees
    • travel and entertainment expenses
  • Stock:
    • in qualified small businesses
    • redemption, estate tax and
    • shareholder basis in
    • worthless securities
  • Stock options and restricted stock
    • incentive stock options
    • nonqualified employee stock options
    • Section 83(b) elections
  • Storage:
    • of inventory and samples in homes
    • of records and files
  • Straight-line depreciation
  • Straight-line mid-quarter convention
  • Student loans, interest on
  • Subscriptions:
    • cash basis and prepayment
    • deducting
  • Substantially vested, defined
  • Substantial portion, rehabilitation and
  • Substantiation methods, travel and entertainment expenses
  • Succession planning, about
  • Supplemental unemployment benefits
  • Supplies:
    • cost of
    • nonincidental
  • Surety bonds
  • Suspended losses, carryover period and
  • Sustainability perks
  • T&E. See Travel and entertainment expenses
  • TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families)
  • Tangible property, defined
  • Taxable income, modified
  • Taxable income limit on first-year expensing
  • Tax advisor
  • Tax assistance
  • Tax attributes
  • Tax credits:
    • about
    • alternative minimum tax and
    • American opportunity
    • capital construction-related
    • claiming
    • credit limitations
    • disabled access
    • educational
    • employee health coverage contributions
    • employment-related
    • energy
    • energy improvements
    • farming
    • general business
    • guide to
    • lifetime learning
    • minimum
    • payroll
    • plug-in electric vehicles
    • rehabilitation
    • rehabilitation costs
    • retirement plan set-up
  • Tax deferral, estate planning and
  • Tax deficiencies, interest paid on
  • Taxes. See also Alternative minimum tax
    • about
    • accumulated earnings tax
    • ad valorem
    • built-in gains
    • death
    • deducting
    • employment
    • estate
    • estimated
    • excise
    • floor
    • foreign
    • franchise
    • fuel
    • gross receipts
    • kiddie
    • law changes and
    • local income
    • luxury
    • Medicare
    • multiple businesses and
    • net investment income
    • nondeductible
    • payroll (see Employment taxes)
    • personal property
    • real estate
    • reporting, all taxpayers
    • sales and use
    • self-employment
    • Social Security
    • state benefit funds
    • state income
    • trust fund
  • Tax-exempt income, interest related to
  • Tax forms. See IRS Forms
  • Tax Foundation
  • Tax-free exchanges
    • capital gains and losses for
  • Tax home, defined
  • Tax identification numbers:
    • business organization and
    • employer identification numbers (see Employer identification number)
    • resale numbers versus
  • Tax law changes
  • Taxpayer advocate service
  • Taxpayer bill of rights and
  • Tax payments. See Payments
  • Tax penalties. See Penalties
  • Tax planning
  • Tax preparation fees
  • Tax preparers, e-filing and
  • Tax professionals, assistance from
  • Tax rates
  • Tax returns:
    • amended (see Amended tax returns)
    • audit-proofing
    • avoiding errors
    • e-filing
    • employment
    • final year of business
    • first year of business
    • online filing
    • payment of employment taxes
    • preparers of
    • retention of
  • Tax-saving tips
  • Tax year
    • about
    • accounting methods
    • accounting periods
    • change in
    • defined
    • uniform capitalization rules
  • Technology for recordkeeping. See also Smartphones
    • about
    • electronic imaging systems
  • Telecommuting
  • Telephone:
    • expenses
    • IRS not contacting by
  • Television or film productions, expensing
  • Temporary, defined
  • Temporary assignments, living away from home on
  • Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
  • Temporary travel, defined
  • Temporary workers
  • Temporary work sites
  • 1099 income
  • 10-year property
  • Termination of business
  • Theatrical productions, expensing
  • Theft. See also Casualty and theft losses
    • identity theft protection
  • Timber, sales of
  • Timber gains
  • Time test for moving expenses
  • Timeliness of filing returns
  • Timing, tax-free exchanges
  • Tips:
    • employer credit for FICA on
    • special rules for
  • Total income or loss
  • Trade-in of cars
  • Transfers:
    • of assets to business
    • of property
  • Transit passes
  • Transportation costs, travel within U.S. and
  • Transportation or architectural barriers, removal of
  • Travel expenses:
    • about
    • business trips with other persons
    • conventions
    • counting business days
    • deducting
    • 50% limit on deductions
    • foreign travel
    • frequent flyer miles and
    • incidental rate
    • interviews and
    • local transportation costs
    • partial days of travel
    • recordkeeping requirements
    • reimbursement arrangements
    • special substantiation requirements
    • temporary assignments, living away from home on
    • within U.S.
  • Treble damages for antitrust violations
  • Trucks and vans:
    • depreciation and
    • excise taxes and
    • heavy SUVs
  • Trust fund amounts
  • Trust fund recovery penalty
  • Trust fund taxes
  • Tuition and fees
  • Turnaround Management Association
  • Turnover tax
  • 20-year property
  • Two-and-a-half-month rule
  • 200% declining balance rate
  • 2% rule
  • Unamortized costs of failed businesses
  • Unborrowed policy cash value
  • Undyed kerosene and undyed diesel fuel tax credit
  • Unemployment benefits, supplemental
  • Unemployment insurance number
  • UNICAP (uniform capitalization rules)
  • Uniform capitalization rules (UNICAP)
    • about
    • capitalization required
    • change in accounting method and
  • Uniforms, cost of
  • Unincorporated businesses
  • Unrealized receivables
  • Unrecaptured depreciation
  • Unrecaptured gains
  • Unrelated business taxable income (UBTI)
  • USDA
  • Use and occupancy insurance
  • Use taxes
  • Vacation pay
  • Vans. See Trucks and vans
  • VCSP (Voluntary Classification Settlement Program)
  • Vehicle expenses. See Car expenses; Trucks and vans
  • Venture capital
  • Vesting in retirement plans
  • Voluntary Classification Settlement Program (VCSP)
  • W-2, Wage and Tax Statement:
    • employee use of company car
    • errors, common
    • reporting health coverage on
  • Wage differential payments
  • Wages:
    • reporting
    • worker classification and
  • Waivers, tax penalties and
  • Water conservation expenses
  • Web sites, costs of
  • Wellness programs
  • Whaling captains, deduction for
  • Worker classification
  • Workers’ compensation
  • Working condition fringe benefits
  • Work opportunity credit
  • Work-related personal credits
  • Work sites, temporary
  • Worthless debt
  • Worthless securities
  • Write-offs. See Deductions
  • Written substantiation
  • Year-end planning