acid-base reaction, 146, 197, 204, 232, 238, 292, 354
acidic hydrolysis, 180
acidic oxides, 173
acid rain, 352
activation energy, 93, 105–107 113, 134, 139, 154, 363, 367, 375, 383
addition polymer, 404
addition polymerization, 404, 417
addition reaction, 378, 390, 416
adsorption, 401
agent, 204
air, 422
alkalis, 183
allotropy, 68
alternative pathway, 112
amphoteric oxides, 173
anaerobic, 398
anodization, 281
auto-ionization, 177, 257, 261, 264
back-titration experiment, 188
backward reaction, 133
basic oxides, 173
bauxite ore, 278
bond, 43
bonding electrons, 40
bond-making, 93
Brine, 260
brittle, 45
Brønsted–Lowry, 174
Brønsted–Lowry Theory, 146
calorimeter, 92
capillary action, 419
carbon cycle, 359
carboxylic acids, 388
catalytic converters, 103, 360, 361
cathodic prevention, 337
cathodic protection, 331
chain isomerism, 392
charge density, 173, 174, 231, 271, 294, 295, 320, 343
chemical composition, 5
chemical energy, 255
chemical equation, 72, 73, 74, 222
chemical formula, 71
chemical passivation, 253, 317
chemical potential, 1
chemical reaction, 105
chemical reactivity, 23
chloride, 68
chlorofluorocarbon, 364
chromatogram, 419
closed system, 135
collisional frequency, 17
collision geometry, 112
Collision Theory, 105
composition stoichiometry, 73
concentration gradient, 7
condensation, 413
condensation polymer, 413
condensation polymerization, 413
condensation reaction, 394
constitutional formulae, 392
constitutional isomers, 392
Coulombic force, 25
covalent bond, 39–41, 46, 48, 51, 84, 87
covalent bonding, 39
crude oil, 370
delocalized electrons, 40, 43, 52, 345
diagonal relationship, 289
diffusion, 7
dimensionless, 27
dipole moment, 50
dipoles, 49
displacement reaction, 170, 234, 273, 308
disproportionation reaction, 210
distillate, 421
donor atom, 46
dot-and-cross diagram, 53
downward displacement of air, 428, 431
downward displacement of water, 427, 430, 431
ductility, 43
effective collisions, 105
effervescence, 171
electrical conductivity, 43, 57
electrical energy, 255
electrical neutrality, 121, 272
electric cell, 256
electrolysis, 255, 269, 272, 338
electrolytic cell, 255
electron cloud model, 41
electron deficient, 49, 50, 141, 173, 292, 294
electron density, 320
electronegativity, 30, 49, 51, 202, 203, 273, 288, 308
electronic configuration, 26, 32, 33, 36, 54, 341
electronic shell, 21, 22, 32, 29, 33, 287, 297
electron-rich, 49, 50, 173, 293, 294
electrons, 25
electrostatic force, 2
electroplating, 263
electrostatic, 94
electrostatic attractive force, 14, 21–23, 25, 30, 42, 44, 51, 87, 312, 340, 341, 401
elimination, 413
empirical formula, 71, 78, 285, 410
endothermic, 24, 84, 86, 100, 134, 138, 139
endpoint, 180
energy level, 88
energy profile diagram, 135, 136
enthalpy, 88
equilibrium position, 138
esterification, 394
esters, 410
exothermic, 85, 86, 88, 93, 99, 100, 134, 139
filtrate, 424
flue-gas desulfurization, 103
formal charge, 202
forward reaction, 133
fractional distillation, 369, 374, 421
frequency of collisions, 107, 130, 149
frequency of effective collisions, 108, 113, 155, 362, 367, 383
fuel cell, 97
fuels, 83
functional group isomerism, 392
gasoline, 371
giant covalent lattice structure, 43, 199
giant covalent structure, 52
global warming, 102
greenhouse effect, 358
Haber process, 148
half-equations, 207
heat change, 99
heat curve, 12
hematite, 325
heterogeneous catalysis, 113, 380
heterolytic cleavage, 374
homogeneous catalyst, 113
hydrogen bonding, 49, 307, 402, 408
hydrolysis, 183
hydrophilic, 397
immiscible, 424
incomplete combustion, 102
independent variable, 125
induced dipole, 48
inert electrode, 258
instantaneous dipole, 48
instantaneous dipole–induced dipole interactions, 48, 52, 214, 307
inter-electronic repulsion, 22, 36, 66, 87, 96, 106
inter-ionic separation, 45
intermolecular bonding, 50
intermolecular forces, 42, 63, 66, 69, 75, 214, 286, 312, 422
intermolecular forces, 48
inter-nuclei region, 40
intramolecular bonds, 112
intramolecular covalent bonds, 60, 271, 295
iodine–thiosulfate titration, 162
ion-dipole, 199
ionic bond, 40, 43, 45, 51, 55
ionic bonding, 39
isoelectronic, 36, 45, 66, 210
isomerism, 392
isomers, 392
isotopes, 26
isotopic composition, 56
kinetic energy, 12, 15, 84, 106, 113, 301, 422
Kinetic Particle Theory, 13
Kinetic Theory, 301
Kinetic Theory of Matter, 15
latent heat of vaporization, 16
Law of Conservation of Energy, 11, 15
Law of Conservation of Mass, 73
Le Chatelier’s Principle, 138, 140, 144, 152, 195
limiting reagent, 73
liquefaction of gas, 3
litmus paper, 429
lone pair of electrons, 50
macromolecular, 72
macromolecules, 404
malleability, 43
man-made pollutants, 102
mass concentration, 8
mass number, 25
Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, 154
Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution curve, 109, 113
Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution, 106
metalloids, 29
methyl orange, 181
minerals, 323
molar concentration, 8
molar mass, 77
molar volume, 75
molecular formula, 71, 73, 78, 285, 392, 410
monoatomic, 81
monomers, 404
naphtha, 371
neutralization, 183
neutral oxides, 173
neutrons, 25
noble gas, 28
non-biodegradable, 417
non-bonding electrons, 40
non-combustible hydrocarbons, 102
non-directional, 42
non-metal, 29, 40–42, 54, 55, 286
non-metal oxide, 320
non-polar, 69, 100, 214, 307, 312
non-polar solvent, 59
nuclear charge, 22
nucleon number, 25
nuclide, 25
nylon, 413
octet configuration, 36, 141, 273, 307
octet rule, 31, 35, 46, 47, 54
oleum, 145
ore, 323
organic solvent, 313
oxidation half-equation, 207
oxidation number, 201, 202, 302
oxidation state, 201, 202, 290, 302, 321, 340
oxides, 173
oxidizing, 204
oxidizing agent, 97, 146, 147, 203, 227, 299, 340
oxidizing power, 233, 287, 308
paper chromatography, 419
partial, 49
partial negative charge, 49
particulate mass, 7
Periodic Table, 22
permanent dipole–permanent dipole interactions, 49, 380
peroxides, 230
petrol, 371
phase, 113
photosynthesis, 359
pH scale, 177
physical property, 1
point mass, 15
polar bonds, 49
polarizing power, 231
polar molecules, 49
polyester, 413
positional isomerism, 392
position of equilibrium, 139, 140, 150, 156
positive charge, 49
potential difference, 58, 65, 266
potential energy, 84
precipitate, 437
pressure, 17
progress of reaction, 136
proton number, 25
protons, 25
purification of copper, 262
qualitative analysis, 436
quenching, 161
reaction coordinate, 136
reaction stoichiometry, 73
reactivity series, 226, 230, 233, 234, 236, 249, 257, 324, 334, 338, 345, 349
redox reaction, 147
reducing agent, 146, 147, 203, 204, 227
reducing power, 226, 233, 287, 340
reduction−oxidation, 112
relative atomic mass, 26, 285, 300
relative formula mass, 27
relative isotopic mass, 27
relative molecular mass, 27, 77
renewable energy, 103
repeat units, 416
salt, 169
separating funnel, 424
shared electron, 30, 40, 51, 87, 94
shielding effect, 22
simple distillation, 421
slag, 325
sodium, 68
solute–solvent interactions, 377
spectator ions, 121
starch–iodine complex, 162
states of matter, 2
state symbol, 99
stoichiometry, 73
stratosphere, 365
strong, 180
strong acid–strong base, 181
strong acid–weak base, 181
strong base–weak acid titration, 180
structural formulae, 392
structural isomers, 392
sublimes, 420
substitution, 382
substitution reactions, 387
surroundings, 91
thermal conductivity, 333
thermal insulation, 92
thermal pollution, 101
thermite reaction, 235
transition, 9
translational motion, 3
ultraviolet radiation, 315
upward displacement, 426
upward displacement of air, 430, 433
valence electrons, 21, 22, 26, 29–31, 33, 39, 43, 51, 54, 287, 292, 296, 306, 321, 339, 340
valence shell, 42, 186, 229, 297
volatility, 312
water of crystallization, 199, 237
weak acid–strong base, 181
weak acid–weak base, 181
weak base-strong acid titration, 180
weighted average quantity, 27
working range, 181