Psychoanalysis and the Human Sciences

children, 93n12; child development, xiv, 22; child psychology, 21, 22; “hospitalism” and, 93n11; humanization process and, xxiii–xxiv, 51, 62, 64; maturation and, 25–26; oedipal moment and, 50; psychoanalysis of, xiv, 20, 25; reality principle and, 25–26; “wild children,” xxiv, 51–57

civilization, neurosis of, 4–5

Civilization and Its Discontents (S. Freud), 21, 47

classical psychology. See psychology

cogito, xxvi, xxix, 77, 79, 80

concepts: abstract, 15, 17; conceptualization, of ideology, xxii; domestic, 7; Freud, Sigmund, with, 5–7, 16; imported, 5–7; nonconcept and, 15, 17, 42–43, 78, 82

concrete psychology, xiii, 15, 16

Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de, 51, 53, 56, 62

consciousness: ego and, 66; id and, 16, 71; philosophy of, ix, xiii, xxix, 69, 71; psychology of, xvii, 49, 70; theoretical consciousness, 27–28, 38, 42; with unconscious, 16, 18

Critique des fondements de la psychologie (Politzer), xii–xiii, 14, 91n4

culture: biology and, 59–60; “culturalist” trend, 93n10; cultural phenomena, 21; law of culture, xxiii, xxiv, 60; nature and, xxiv–xxv, 51–52; precession of culture, xxiv, xxv, 63

Dalbiez, Roland, 12, 91n3

Descartes, René, 27; error and, xxviii, 81–84; pineal gland and, 94n14; with psychology, 76–77, 78, 81; Spinoza and, xxvi–xxvii, 79–80; subject and, xxviii–xxix

dialectical psychology, 23

didactic psychoanalysis, 8–9

Discours sur l’origine et les fondements de l’ingalitéparmi les hommes (Rousseau), xxiv, 61

dissatisfaction, principle of, 90n13

doctors: drama and, 34; patients and, xvi, 32, 33, 34, 39, 70

Dolto, Françoise, 28

double personality, 66–67

drama: as abstract concept, 17; with doctor and patient, 34; psychology and, 15–16, 70

Duroux, Yves, xxxiii–xxxiv

Écolenormalesupérieure (ENS), vii, xxxi

economy: economic theory, xxi, 6; political economy, xx, 6, 30

Ecrits sur la psychanalyse: Freud et Lacan (Althusser), xxii

ego: centrality of, xix, 67–68, 71; consciousness and, 66; ego cogito, 77, 79; Freud, Anna, and, 27–28, 66, 67–69; the imaginary with ego structure, 71–72; nonconcept and, 78; with psychology, structures of, 73–74; resistance and, 68; superego, 25, 27, 29, 30, 66–67

empiricism, ix, 86–87

Encyclopédiefrançaise, L’, 93n12

energy theory, in physics, 6

Enfantssauvages, Les, 51

Engels, Friedrich, xxi

ENS (École normale supérieure), vii, xxxi

epistemological break, xvii, xx, xxi, 48

error: nonconcept and, 82; truth and, xxvii, xxviii, 78–79, 81–84

Ethics (Spinoza), xxvii

“existential psychoanalysis,” 39, 95n23

Ey, Henri, 34–35, 36, 94nn19–20

Feuerbach, Ludwig, xx

first-person knowledge, 34

fondement en miroir (mirror foundation), 75

“for-others” (Mitsein), 39

Foucault, Michel, xxix–xxx; with dissatisfaction, principle of, 90n13; with phenomenology and structural analysis, xiii

France, 65, 91n4, 92n5; L’Encyclopédiefrançaise, 93n12; Freud, Sigmund, with philosophy and reception in, xii–xvi, 3–4; provincialism and, 11

Freud, Anna, xix, 22, 96n13; double personality and, 66–67; ego and, 27–28, 66, 67–69; with psychology and psychoanalysis, 65–66

Freud, Sigmund, xxviii, 20; “American neo-Freudianism,” 94n17; with concepts, 5–7, 16; criticism of, 3–4; influence, xxi, xxix, 18, 19, 21, 47–49, 91nn3–4; Lacan on, 45; on neurosis, 4–5; psychoanalysis and, xii–xvi, 45, 46; psychological resistance and, 3–7; reality principle and, 24–26; reception in French philosophy, xii–xvi, 3–4; unconscious and, xi, xix, xxii, xxix, 70

“Freud et Lacan” (Althusser), vii, xvi, xxii, xxxii

Future of an Illusion, The (Freud, S.), 21, 47

German Ideology, The (Engels and Marx), xxi

Halbwachs, Maurice, 64

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, xx, 17, 80

Hesnard, Angelo, 3, 12, 91n1

Hobbes, Thomas, 60–61

homo oeconomicus, xvii, xxv

homo psychologicus, xvi, xxv

“hospitalism,” 93n11

humans: biology and becoming-human, 50–60, 62, 64; humanization-subjectivization process, xxiii–xxiv, 51, 62, 64. See also children

human sciences, xxv; with dissatisfaction, principle of, 90n13; philosophical issue with question of, vii, viii–xii, xvi, xvii, xx; psychoanalysis and, xviii, 1–3, 20–21, 44; with scientificity, lack of, ix; scientific status of, xxx

id, xix, 16, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71

ideology: conceptualization of, xxii; defined, xxiii; ideological philosophy, viii, x; moral, 75; political, 75; psychology and, 74–75; technocratic ideology, x, xxv; theory, premises to, xxi–xxx

Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Althusser), xxii

the imaginary: ego structure with, 71–72; materialism of, xxii, 80; theory, 58, 80

IMEC (Institut Mémoires de l’édition contemporaine), 90n2, 91n4

individual: politics with morals in, 77; with psychology, structures of, 73–74

Institut Mémoires de l’édition contemporaine (IMEC), 90n2, 91n4

Institut national des jeunes sourds, 95n8

intellectual terrorism, 40–41

International Psychoanalytic Association, 93n12

“interpellation into subject,” xxiii

intersubjectivity, philosophy of, xvi, 37, 39

Italy, provincialism and, 11

Itard, Jean Marc Gaspard, 60; language and, 53–58; with wild boy of Aveyron, 51–55

Jackson, J. H., 34, 35, 94n20

judgment, philosophy of, xxvii, 83, 84–85

Kant, Immanuel, 5–6

Kardiner, Abram, 21, 93n10

Klein, Melanie, 22, 28, 94n15, 96n16

knowledge: theory of, 86–87; third-person and first-person, 34; truth and, xxvi–xxvii, 48

Lacan, Jacques, xxii, 96n21; “American psychoanalysis” and, 27; on Ey, 35–36; on Freud, Sigmund, 45; influence, xvii, xxiv, 13, 39–41, 69–70; with intellectual terrorism, 40–41; on Klein, 94n15; Lacan seminar (1963–1964), vii, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiii–xxxiv, 40–41; “Lacan’s society” and, 92n5; law of culture and, 60; with “mirror stage,” 23, 93n12; nonconcept and, 42–43; philosophy and, xvi–xxi, 33, 39–40; psychoanalysis and, 45–46, 50; with psychology, xiii, xv; Rousseau and, xxiv–xxv; subject and, xxviii–xxix

Laforgue, René, 94n19

Lagache, Daniel, 69–70, 92n5, 96n19

language, xii; Italy and foreign-language translations, 11; with knowledge, theory of, 86–87; linguistics and, xii, xxi, xxv, xxx; signs and, 57–58, 64; “wild children” and, 53–57

Laplanche, Jean, 16, 36, 39, 93n7

law of culture, xxiii, xxiv, 60

Leclaire, Serge, 36, 93n7

letter, from Althusser to Besse, 91n4

Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 31

linguistics, xii, xxi; modern, xxv; as real science, xxx

Lire Le Capital (Althusser, Balibar, Rancière, and Macherey), xxxi, xxxii

Little Hans (Freud, S.), 20

Macherey, Pierre, xxxi, xxxii

Malinowski, Bronislaw, 30

Marx, Karl, xviii; influence, 23, 44; Marx seminar (1961–1962), xxxi; Marx seminar (1964), xxxi, xxxiv; “return to Marx,” vii, xx, xxi

maturation: psychological, 23; types of, 25–26

Mécanisme de défense du moi (A. Freud), 28

medicine. See psychosomatic medicine

Meditations on First Philosophy (Descartes), xxviii

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, ix, xxxiii, 40, 91n1; influence, xii, 12, 14; influences on, 91n4; with philosophy and psychoanalysis, xv–xvi, 12, 13, 14, 33

Méthode psychanalytique freudienne, La (Dalbiez), 91n3

military analogy, therapy and, 8

Miller, Jacques-Alain, xxxiii, 91n4

mirrors: mirror foundation or fondement en miroir, 75; “mirror stage,” 23, 93n12; pathology as mirror phenomenon, 87; “trial of the mirror,” 93n12; “wild children” with, 52

Mitsein (“for-others”), 39

morals, 87; behavior and, 67, 69, 73, 74; ideology, 75; moral world, 84, 85; with politics, 77

Mosconi, Jean, xxxiv

Nacht, Sacha, 13, 92n5

nature: culture and, xxiv–xxv, 51–52; society and, 60–62

neurology, 23, 25, 31, 42

neurosis, of civilization, 4–5

nonconcept, 17; of classical psychology, 15; ego and, 78; error and, 82; Lacan and, 42–43

oedipal moment, 25, 50

Order of Things, The (Foucault), xxix–xxx

Origines du caractère chez l’enfant, Les (Wallon), 93n12

Passeron, Jean-Claude, xxxi

pathology: as mirror phenomenon, 87; psychology and, 76–81, 83, 86

patients: doctors and, xvi, 33, 34, 39, 70; drama and, 34

phenomenology, xxxiii, 72; influence, xxxiv, 95n23; “pseudo phenomenology,” x; role of, ix, xii; structural analysis and, xiii

Phenomenology of Mind (Hegel), 17

philosophy: of consciousness, ix, xiii, xxix, 69, 71; Freud, Sigmund, reception in French philosophy, xii–xvi, 3–4; with human sciences, question of, vii, viii–xii, xvi, xvii, xx; ideological philosophy, viii, x; of intersubjectivity, xvi, 37, 39; of judgment, xxvii, 83, 84–85; Lacan and, xvi–xxi, 33, 39–40; psychiatry and, 36; psychoanalysis and, xv–xvi, xx, 12–14, 31–33, 39; psychology and, viii, 86

“Philosophy and the Human Sciences” (Althusser), viii–ix, xvi, xvii

physics: energy theory in, 6; Galileo and, 18, 48, 84

pineal gland, 26, 27, 30–31, 94n14

politics, 80, 85; morals and, 77; Plato and political problem, 76–77; political economy, xx, 6, 30; political ideology, 75

Politzer, Georges, xii–xiii, 12, 42, 70; influence, 13, 14, 91n4; on psychology, 14–17, 18, 34

Pour Marx (Althusser), xxxi

precession of culture. See culture

Presses Universitaires de France (PUF), 91n4

provincialism, 11, 34

“pseudo phenomenology,” x

pseudo science, xi, xxx, 14

Psychanalyse, La, 40

Psychanalyse des enfants, La (Freud, A.), 28

Psychanalyse des névroses et des psychoses, ses applications médicales et extra-médicales, La (Hesnard and Regis), 91n1

psychiatry, xiv, xv, 23; Ey and, 34–35, 94n20; philosophy and, 36; psychoanalysis and, 20, 21, 38–39, 44, 94n19

psychoanalysis, 91n3, 92n5, 93n11; “American psychoanalysis,” xv, xix–xx, 27; anthropology and, 21, 30, 46; biology and, 30, 31, 42; Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis, 94n17; of children, xiv, 20, 25; didactic psychoanalysis, 8–9; “existential psychoanalysis,” 39, 95n23; Freud, Sigmund, and, xii–xvi, 45, 46; human sciences and, xviii, 1–3, 20–21, 44; Lacan and, 45–46, 50; philosophy and, xv–xvi, xx, 12–14, 31–33, 39; as practice instead of science, xv–xvi, 7–8; psychiatry and, 20, 21, 38–39, 44, 94n19; psychological resistance with, 3–7; psychology and, xiii–xv, xx, xxxiii, 14–16, 19–20, 22–24, 31, 37–39, 45–50, 65–71; reality principle and, 25, 29–30, 67–68; shaman as psychoanalyst, 31; society and, 31; theory as inadequate, 10–11; therapy with, 7–8, 10; truth through, 8; as “two-body psychology,” 70; unconscious and, xii, 90n13

“Psychoanalysis and Phenomenology” (Duroux), xxxiii–xxxiv

“Psychoanalysis and Psychology” conference, xx

psychology, xii, 91n4; child psychology, 21, 22; classical psychology, xiii, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 69; concrete, xiii, 15, 16; of consciousness, xvii, 49, 70; criticism of, xiii–xiv; Descartes with, 76–77, 78, 81; dialectical, 23; drama and, 15–16, 70; ideology and, 74–75; pathology and, 76–81, 83, 86; philosophy and, viii, 86; Politzer on, 14–17, 18, 34; as pseudo science, xxx, 14; psychoanalysis and, xiii–xv, xx, xxxiii, 14–16, 19–20, 22–24, 31, 37–39, 45–50, 65–71; psychoanalysis as “two-body psychology,” 70; psychological maturation, 23; psychological resistance, 3–7; psychologism and, vii, ix; structures of, 72–75; unconscious and, 18, 49, 64, 71; Wolff and, 75, 96n23

psychophysiology, 22–23, 42

psychosociology, xi, 51

psychosomatic medicine, 20

psychotherapy, 20, 33, 38

PUF (Presses Universitaires de France), 91n4

“radical transcendence of the Subject,” ix

Rancière, Jacques, xxxi, xxxii

reality principle: children and, 25–26; defined, 24–25; psychoanalysis and, 25, 29–30, 67–68; society and, 24–26, 27

recollection, 63, 64

recurrence, 62, 63–64

Regis, Emmanuel, 91n1

Republic, The (Plato), 75, 76

resistance: to concepts, imported, 5–7; ego and, 68; psychological resistance, 3–7

Revue de l’enseignement philosophique, viii

Revue de psychologie concrète, 15, 93n6

Revue française de psychanalyse, 65

Rickman, John, 96n21

Ricoeur, Paul, xii, xvi, 36–37, 91n3

“Rome Discourse” (Lacan), 69, 96n21

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques: Hobbes and, 60–61; Lacan and, xxiv–xxv

Sartre, Jean-Paul, ix, 69; with “existential psychoanalysis,” 39; influence, xii, 14; influences on, 91n4; oedipal moment and, 25; with philosophy and psychoanalysis, xv–xvi, 12, 13, 14, 33

science: pseudo science, xi, xxx, 14; with psychoanalysis and psychology, 19–20; psychoanalysis as practice instead of, xv–xvi, 7–8. See also human sciences

seminars: Bourdieu and Passeron seminar (1963), xxxi; Lacan seminar (1963–1964), vii, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiii–xxxiv, 40–41; Marx seminar (1961–1962), xxxi; Marx seminar (1964), xxxi, xxxiv; structuralism seminar (1962–1963), xxxi

shaman, as psychoanalyst, 31

signs, language and, 57–58, 64

Société française de psychanalyse, 92n5

Société psychanalytique de Paris, 92n5, 93n11

society: “Lacan’s society” and, 92n5; madness and, 31, 35; nature and, 60–62; Plato with structure of, 75–77; psychoanalysis and, 31; reality principle and, 24–26, 27; social praxis and, 26–27; superego and, 30

Spinoza, Baruch, 85; Descartes and, xxvi–xxvii, 79–80; Ethics by, xxvii; with imaginary, materialism of, xxii, 80; influence, xxix; knowledge and, xxvii

spiritualism, viii, x

Spitz, René, 22, 52, 93n11

structure: phenomenology and structural analysis, xiii; Plato with structure of society, 75–77; psychology, structure of, 72–75; structural anthropology, 31; structuralism seminar (1962–1963), xxxi

subject: Descartes and, xxviii–xxix; humanization-subjectivization process, xxiii–xxiv, 51, 62, 64; “interpellation into subject,” xxiii; philosophy of intersubjectivity, xvi, 37, 39; with psychology, structures of, 73–75

superego, 25, 27, 29, 30, 66–67

technocratic ideology, x, xxv

terrorism. See intellectual terrorism

theory: biological, 6; economic, xxi, 6; energy theory in physics, 6; of ideology, premises to, xxi–xxx; the imaginary, 58, 80; inadequacy of psychoanalytic, 10–11; of knowledge, 86–87; pineal gland, 30; theoretical consciousness, 27–28, 38, 42; of unconscious, xix, xxii, 16, 64

therapy, 64; military analogy and, 8; with psychoanalysis, 7–8, 10; psychotherapy, 20, 33, 38

third-person knowledge, 34

Three Essays on Sexuality (S. Freud), 20

Tort, Michel, xxxiii, 16, 20, 24, 91n4

Totem and Taboo (Freud, S.), 21, 47

Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (Spinoza), 80, 85

Traite des passions de l’âme (Descartes), 78, 79–80

transcendence: “radical transcendence of the Subject,” ix; of unconscious, 71–72

Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect (Spinoza), xxvii

“trial of the mirror.”See mirror

truth: error and, xxvii, xxviii, 78–79, 81–84; knowledge and, xxvi–xxvii, 48; through psychoanalysis, 8

unconscious, 28, 36; consciousness with, 16, 18; Freud, Sigmund, and, xi, xix, xxii, xxix, 70; psychoanalysis and, xii, 90n13; psychology and, 18, 49, 64, 71; theory of, xix, xxii, 16, 64; transcendence of, 71–72