(See Volume Two for full bibliography.)
Most of the primary source materials for this book are in the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library (FDRL), in Hyde Park, New York. They include: Eleanor Roosevelt’s Papers, Gracie Hall Roosevelt’s Papers, the Roosevelt Family Papers Donated by the Children, the Hall Family Papers—including correspondence with ER’s father, Elliott Roosevelt—and FDR’s Papers. Many of FDR’s letters to his family were printed in FDR: His Personal Letters, 4 vols., edited by Elliott Roosevelt et al., (Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1947; Kraus Reprint, 1970).
In addition to family letters, photograph albums, home movies, and miles of film footage, the FDRL houses the collections of Marion Dickerman, Anna Roosevelt Halsted, Lorena Hickok, Louis Howe, Esther Lape, Elinor Morgenthau, and Miriam and Robert Abelow’s letters from Earl Miller.
Newly opened materials in the Theodore Roosevelt Collection and the Alsop Family Papers at the Houghton Library, Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, were particularly useful for ER’s paternal family history. Before his death, Joseph Alsop graciously gave me access to his papers. The Joseph and Stuart Alsop Collection at the Library of Congress is now opened, as are the family papers at Houghton. Another collection at the Library of Congress used for this volume is the Helen Rogers Reid Papers, which includes Esther Lape’s correspondence with Reid. I have also benefited from the Esther Lape Papers in the private collection of Harold Clarke and Bert Drucker in Phoenix, Arizona.
ER’s correspondence with Robert Munro Ferguson and Isabella Selmes Ferguson Greenway (King) is in the Greenway Collection, Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.
In addition to the Eleanor Roosevelt Oral History Project at the FDRL, other collections used include: Marion Dickerman Oral History, Frances Perkins’s Papers, and her Oral History, Columbia University, New York City; Narcissa Cox Vanderlip Papers, in the Frank Vanderlip Collection, Columbia University; Carrie Chapman Catt Papers, New York Public Library; and the Fannie Hurst Papers, University of Texas at Austin.
City, State, and Nation, the Weekly News of the New York League of Women Voters, The New York Times, The Crisis, The Nation, Town Topics, and the Women’s Democratic News, which merged with the Democratic Digest during the 1930s, were particularly useful sources for this volume.
During ER’s centennial year, R. David Myers, Margaret L. Morrison, and Marguerite D. Bloxom compiled and annotated A Bibliography of Selected Material by and About Eleanor Roosevelt. (Library of Congress, 1984).
By Eleanor Roosevelt
BOOKS
The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt, New York: Harper & Row, 1958, 1978; New York: G.K. Hall, 1984, with a new introduction by John Roosevelt Boettiger.
Hunting Big Game in the ‘Eighties: The Letters of Elliott Roosevelt, Sportsman. Edited by His Daughter. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1933.
It’s Up to the Women. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1933.
On My Own. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1958.
This I Remember. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1949.
This Is My Story. New York: Garden City Publishing Co., 1937.
Tomorrow Is Now. New York: Harper & Row, 1963.
You Learn by Living. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1960.
ARTICLES
“As a Practical Idealist.” From series “Why Democrats Favor Smith,” in The North American Review, November 1927.
“Building Character.” Parents Magazine, June 1931.
“Conquer Fear and You Will Enjoy Living,” Look, 23 May 1939.
“Her 45th Birthday!” Article written for Vogue, sent 23 December 1930, ER Papers, Box 10, FDRL.
“I Remember Hyde Park.” McCall’s, February 1963.
“Ideal Education.” The Woman’s Journal, October 1930.
“The Importance of Background Knowledge in Building for the Future.” The Annals of the American Academy, July 1946.
“Jeffersonian Principles: The Issue in 1928.” Current History, June 1928.
“The Seven People Who Shaped My Life.” Look, 19 June 1951.
“Ten Rules for Success in Marriage.” Pictorial Review, December 1931.
“What I Want Most Out of Life.” Success Magazine, May 1927.
“What Kind of Education Do We Want for Our Girls?” Woman’s Journal, October 1930.
“Wives of Great Men.” Liberty, 1 October 1932.
“Women Have Come a Long Way.” Harper’s Magazine, October 1950.
“Women Must Learn to Play the Game as Men Do.” Redbook Magazine, April 1928.
PAMPHLET
Franklin D. Roosevelt and Hyde Park: Personal Recollections of Eleanor Roosevelt. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1949.
Other Sources
Alsop, Joseph. FDR: A Centenary Remembrance. New York: Viking, 1982.
Amory, Cleveland. Who Killed Society? New York: Harper & Brothers, 1960.
Asbell, Bernard. Mother and Daughter: The Letters of Eleanor and Anna Roosevelt. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1982.
Balch, Emily Greene, ed. Occupied Haiti. New York: Garland, 1972 [1927].
Baltzell, Digby E. The Protestant Establishment: Aristocracy & Caste in America. New York: Vintage, 1966.
Barnard, Eunice Fuller. “Mrs. Roosevelt in the Classroom,” New York Times Magazine, 4 December 1932.
Beasley, Maurine. “Lorena Hickok: Journalistic Influence on Eleanor Roosevelt,” Journalism Quarterly, Summer 1980.
Bellegarde-Smith, Patrick. Haiti: The Breached Citadel. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1990.
Bellush, Bernard. Franklin D. Roosevelt as Governor of New York. New York: Columbia University Press, 1955.
Bernikow, Louise, ed. The World Split Open: Four Centuries of Women Poets in England and America, 1552-1950. New York: Vintage, 1974.
Berry, Mary Frances. Why ERA Failed. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1986.
Birmingham, Stephen. The Right People: A Portrait of the American Social Establishment. New York: Dell, 1958.
Bishop, Joseph Bucklin, ed. Theodore Roosevelt’s Letters to His Children. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1919.
Boyd, Elizabeth French. Bloomsbury Heritage: Their Mothers and Their Aunts. London: Evelyn Adams & Mackay, 1968.
Brittain, Vera. Women at Oxford. London: George G. Harrap, 1960.
Bronfman Judith. “The Griselda Legend in English Literature.” Ph.D. diss., New York University, 1977.
Burns, James MacGregor. Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox. New York: Harcourt, Brace, & World, 1956.
Bussy, Dorothy Strachey. Olivia. New York: Arno Press Reprint, 1975, [1948].
Caro, Robert. The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1974.
Chambers, John Whiteclay, ed. The Eagle and the Dove: The American Peace Movement and United States Foreign Policy, 1900–1922. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1991.
Churchill, Allen. The Roosevelts: American Aristocrats. New York: Harper & Row, 1965.
Coben, Stanley A. A. Mitchell Palmer: Politician. New York: Columbia University Press, 1963.
Cook, Adrian Edward. The Alabama Claims: American Politics and Anglo-American Relations, 1865–1872. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1975.
—–. “At the Gates of the White House: The Washington, D.C., Race Riots of 1919.” In The Growth of Federal Power in American History, edited by R. Jeffreys-Jones and B. Collins. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1983.
Cook, Blanche Wiesen. “Eleanor Roosevelt and Human Rights: The Battle for Peace and Planetary Decency.” In Women and American Foreign Policy, edited by Edward Crapol. New York: Greenwood, 1987.
—–. “Female Support Networks and Political Activism: Lillian Wald, Crystal Eastman, and Emma Goldman.” Chrysalis, Autumn 1977. Reprinted in Women’s America: Refocusing the Past, edited by Linda Kerber and Jane De Hart. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987, 1990.
—–. “Feminism, Socialism, and Sexual Freedom: The Work and Legacy of Crystal Eastman and Alexandra Kollontai.” In Women in Culture and Politics: A Century of Change, edited by Judith Friedlander et al. Bloomington, Ind.: University of Indiana Press, 1986.
—–. “Women Alone Stir My Imagination: Lesbianism in the Cultural Tradition.” Signs, Summer 1979.
—–, ed. Crystal Eastman on Women and Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.
—–, ed. Toward the Great Change: Crystal and Max Eastman on War and Revolution. New York: Garland, 1979.
Coss, Clare. Lillian D. Wald: Progressive Activist. New York: The Feminist Press, 1989. Dana, Rosamond Wild. “Privileged Radicals: The Rebellious Times of Six Dana Siblings
in Cambridge and New York.” Master’s thesis, City University of New York, 1991. Daniels, Doris Groshen. Always a Sister: The Feminism of Lillian D. Wald. New York: The Feminist Press, 1989.
Daniels, Jonathan. The End of Innocence. New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1954.
—–. The Washington Quadrille: The Dance Beside the Documents. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, 1968.
Daniels, Josephus. The Wilson Era: Years of Peace, 1910–1917. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1944.
Davis, Allen. American Heroine: The Life and Legend of Jane Addams. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973.
—–, ed. Jane Addams on Peace, War, and International Understanding, 1899–1932. New York: Garland, 1976.
Davis, Kenneth S. FDR: The Beckoning of Destiny, 1882–1928. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1971.
—–. FDR: The New Deal Years, 1933–1937. New York: Random House, 1986.
—–. FDR: The New York Years, 1928–1933. New York: Random House, 1985.
—–. Invincible Summer: An Intimate Portrait of the Roosevelts Based on the Recollections of Marion Dickerman. New York: Atheneum, 1974.
—–. “Symbolic Journey.” The Antioch Review, Summer 1979.
De Salvo, Louise. Virginia Woolf: The Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Her Life and Work. Boston: Beacon Press, 1989.
Domhoff, William G. The Higher Circles: The Governing Class in America. New York: Vintage, 1971.
—–. Who Rules America? Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1967.
Donald, David Herbert. Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970.
Dunn, Robert W., ed. The Palmer Raids. New York: International Publishers, 1948.
Dutcher, Elizabeth. “Budgets of the Triangle Fire Victims.” The Woman Voter, June 1912.
—–. “Frances Perkins: Doctor of Politics.” The Woman Voter, September 1912.
Eldot, Paula. Governor Alfred E. Smith: The Politician as Reformer. New York: Garland, 1983.
Erikson, Joan M. “Nothing to Fear: Notes on the Life of Eleanor Roosevelt.” Daedalus, Spring 1964. Reprinted in The Woman in America, edited by Robert Jay Lifton. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967.
Faber, Doris. the Life of Lorena Hickok: ER’s Friend. New York: William Morrow, 1980.
Felsenthal, Carol. Alice Roosevelt Longworth. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1988.
Flemion, Jess, and Colleen O’Connor, eds. Eleanor Roosevelt: An American Journey. San Diego, Calif.: San Diego State University Press, 1987.
Foner, Philip S. Women and the American Labor Movement. New York: Macmillan, Free Press, 1979.
Freedman, Estelle. “The New Woman: Changing Views of Women in the 1920s.” Journal of American History, September 1974.
Freidel, Frank. FDR: Launching the New Deal. Boston: Little, Brown, 1973.
—–. Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Rendezvous with Destiny. Boston: Little, Brown, 1990.
Gable, John Allen, ed. “The Roosevelt Family in America: A Genealogy.” Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal, Spring 1990, pt. 2.
Gallagher, Hugh Gregory. FDR’s Splendid Deception. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1985.
Ginger, Ray. The Bending Cross: A Biography of Eugene Victor Debs. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1949.
Halle, Rita S. “That First Lady of Ours.” Good Housekeeping, December 1933.
Hard, William. Raymond Robins’ Own Story. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1920.
Hareven, Tamara. Eleanor Roosevelt: An American Conscience. Chicago: Quadrangle, 1968.
Heilbrun, Carolyn. Writing a Woman’s Life. New York: W. W. Norton, 1988.
Hickok, Lorena A. Eleanor Roosevelt: Reluctant First Lady. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1980 [1962].
Hoff-Wilson, Joan, ed. Rights of Passage: The Past and Future of the ERA. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1986.
Hoff-Wilson, Joan, and Marjorie Lightman, eds. Without Precedent: The Life and Career of Eleanor Roosevelt. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1984.
Hoge, Alice Albright. Cissy Patterson. New York: Random House, 1966.
Holroyd, Michael. Lytton Strachey: The Unknown Years, 1880–1910. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1967.
Hoppin, Martha. The Emmets: A Family of Women Painters. Pittsfield, Mass.: Berkshire Museum, 1982.
James, Edward, Janet Wilson James, and Paul Boyer, eds. Notable American Women. 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971.
Johnson, James Weldon, “Self-Determining Haiti.” The Nation, 28 August, 11 September, and 25 September 1920.
Josephson, Matthew and Hannah. Al Smith: Hero of the Cities: A Political Portrait Drawing on the Papers of Frances Perkins. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1969.
Kaledin, Eugenia. The Education of Mrs. Henry Adams. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1981.
Katz, Jonathan. Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1976.
Kearney, James. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt: The Evolution of a Reformer. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
Kelly, Joan. “The Doubled Vision of Feminist Theory.” In Women, History and Theory: The Essays of Joan Kelly. University of Chicago Press, 1984.
Kleeman, Rita Halle. Gracious Lady: The Life of Sara Delano Roosevelt. New York: Appleton-Century, 1935.
Lash, Joseph P. Eleanor and Franklin. New York: W. W. Norton, 1971.
—–. Love, Eleanor: Eleanor Roosevelt and Her Friends. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1982.
—–. A World of Love: Eleanor Roosevelt and Her Friends, 1943–1962. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1984.
Lemons, J. Stanley. The Woman Citizen: Social Feminism in the 1920s. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1973.
Leuchtenberg, William E. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1963.
Lippman, Theo, Jr. The Squire of Warm Springs: FDR in Georgia, 1924–1945. Chicago: Playboy Press, 1977.
Logan, Rayford W. The Betrayal of the Negro from Rutherford B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson. New York: Macmillan, Collier Books, 1965 [1954].
—–. Haiti and the Dominican Republic. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.
Longworth, Alice Roosevelt. Crowded Hours. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1933.
Lorde, Audre. “Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power.” in Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches by Audre Lorde. Crossing Press, 1984.
Lubin, Carol Riegelman, and Anne Winslow. Social Justice for Women: The International Labor Organization and Women. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1990.
McCullough, David. Mornings on Horseback. New York: Simon & Schuster, Touchstone, 1981.
MacKenzie, Norman and Jeanne, eds. The Diary of Beatrice Webb. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982.
Mackenzie, Midge. Shoulder to Shoulder. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975.
Maddox, Robert James. William Borah and American Foreign Policy. Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, 1969.
Marcus, Jane. Art and Anger. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press, 1988.
—–. “Thinking Back Through Our Mothers.” In New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf. Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 1981.
Martin, Clarisse. The History of Bulloch Hall and Roswell, Georgia. Historic Roswell, Inc., 1973.
Martin, George. Madame Secretary: Frances Perkins. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976.
Martin, Ralph G. Cissy: The Extraordinary Life of Eleanor Medill Patterson. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979.
Miller, Nathan. FDR, An Intimate History. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1983.
—–. The Roosevelt Chronicles. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1979.
Morgan, Ted. FDR: A Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985.
Morgenthau, Henry, III. Mostly Morgenthaus: A Family History. New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1991.
Morison, Elting, John Blum, et al., eds. The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt. Vols. 1 and 2. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1951.
Morris, Edmund. The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1979.
Morris, Sylvia Jukes. Edith Kermit Roosevelt: Portrait of a First Lady. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1980.
Mowrer, Glenn A. The United States, The United Nations, and Human Rights: The Eleanor Roosevelt and Jimmy Carter Eras. New York: Greenwood, 1979.
Murphy, Lawrence R. Perverns by Official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy. New York: Harrington Park Press, 1988.
Murray, Robert K. Red Scare: A Study in National Hysteria, 1919–1920. New York: McGraw-Hill Paperback, 1964.
New York State Legislature. Joint Committee Investigating Seditious Activities, Clayton R. Lusk, chair. Revolutionary Radicalism: Its History, Purpose and Tactics. 4 vols. Albany, N.Y.: J. B. Lyon, 1920.
Newton, Esther. “The Mythic Mannish Lesbian: Radclyffe Hall and the New Woman.” In Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past, edited by Martin Duberman, Martha Vicinus, and George Chauncey. New York: New American Library, Meridian, 1990.
O’Toole, Patricia. The Five of Hearts: An Intimate Portrait of Henry Adams and His Friends. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1990.
Palmer, A. Mitchell. “The Case Against the Reds.” Forum, February 1920.
—–. “Extent of the Bolshevik Infection Here.” Literary Digest, 17 January 1920.
Parks, Lillian Rogers, with Frances Spatz Leighton. The Roosevelts: A Family in Turmoil. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1981.
Payne, Elizabeth Anne. Reform, Labor, and Feminism: Margaret Dreier Robins and the Women’s Trade Union League. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1988.
Perkins, Frances. The Roosevelt I Knew. New York: Viking, 1946.
Perry, Elisabeth Israels. Belle Moskowitz: Feminine Politics and the Exercise of Power in the Age of Alfred E. Smith. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Person, Ethel Spector. Dreams of Love and Fateful Encounters: The Power of Romantic Passion. New York: W. W. Norton, 1988.
Preston, William, Jr. Aliens and Dissenters: Federal Suppression of Radicals, 1903–1933. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1963; Harper Torchbooks, 1966.
Pyron, Darden Asbury. Southern Daughter: A Biography of Margaret Mitchell. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Rich, Adrienne. “Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence.” In Blood, Bread, and Poetry: Selected Prose. 1979–1985. New York: W. W. Norton, 1986.
Rixey, Lilian. Bamie: Theodore Roosevelt’s Remarkable Sister. New York: David McKay, 1963.
Robinson, Corinne Roosevelt. My Brother Theodore Roosevelt. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1921.
—–. One Woman to Another and Other Poems. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1914.
Rollins, Alfred B. Roosevelt and Howe. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.
Roosevelt, Elliott, and James Brough. An Untold Story: The Roosevelts of Hyde Park. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1973.
Roosevelt, James, with Bill Libby. My Parents: A Differing View. Chicago: Playboy Press, 1976.
Roosevelt, Nicholas. A Front Row Seat. Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1953.
Roosevelt, Sara Delano (as told to Isabel Leighton and Gabrielle Forbush). My Boy Franklin. New York: Long & Smith, 1933.
Roosevelt, Theodore. Diaries of Boyhood and Youth. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1928.
—–. Hunting Trips of a Ranchman. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1926.
Rosenman, Sam. Working with Roosevelt. New York: DaCapo Press Reprint, 1972 [1952].
Rukeyser, Muriel. “Käthe Kollwitz.” In The Collected Poems of Muriel Rukeyser. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978.
Russell, Francis. The Shadow of Blooming Grove: Warren G. Harding in His Times. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.
Sargent, Shirley. Yosemite’s Famous Guests. Yosemite, Calif.: Flying Spur Press, 1970.
Scharf, Lois. Eleanor Roosevelt: First Lady of American Liberalism. Boston: Twayne, 1987.
Scheiber, Harry N. The Wilson Administration and Civil Liberties, 1917–1921. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1960.
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. The Age of Roosevelt: The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919–1933. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957.
Schneiderman, Rose, with Lucy Goldthwaite. All for One. New York: Paul Erickson, 1967.
Schwarz, Judith. Radical Feminists of Heterodoxy: Greenwich Village, 1912–1940. Norwich, Vt.: New Victoria, 1986.
Seligman, Herbert J. “The Conquest of Haiti.” The Nation, 10 July 1920.
Sicherman, Barbara. Alice Hamilton: A Life in Letters. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984.
Sicherman, Barbara, et al., eds. Notable American Women: The Modern Period. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980.
Smith, Helen Huntington. “Profiles: Noblesse Oblige.” The New Yorker, 5 April 1930.
Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll. Disorderly Conduct: Visions of Gender in Victorian America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1985.
Steeholm, Clara and Hardy. The House at Hyde Park: Together with Sara Delano Roosevelt’s Household Book. New York: Viking, 1950.
Steinberg, Alfred. Mrs. R: The Life of Eleanor Roosevelt. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1958.
Stone, Ralph. The Irreconcilables: The Fight Against the League of Nations. New York: W. W. Norton, 1970.
Swanberg, W. A. Whitney Father, Whitney Heiress. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1980.
Teague, Michael. Mrs. L: Conversations with Alice Roosevelt Longworth. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1981.
Umansky, Howard. “Mourning Patterns of Theodore Roosevelt.” Unpublished paper.
Van Voris, Jacqueline. Carrie Chapman Catt: A Public Life. New York: The Feminist Press, 1987.
Vicinus, Martha. “Distance and Desire: English Boarding School Friendships, 1870–1920.” In Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past, edited by Martin Duberman et al. New American Library, Meridian, 1989.
Villard, Oswald Garrison. “‘Pitiless Publicity’ for Haiti.” The Nation, 6 October 1920. Reprinted in Oswald Garrison Villard: The Dilemmas of the Absolute Pacifist in Two World Wars, edited by Anthony Gronowicz. New York: Garland, 1983.
Ward, Geoffrey C. Before the Trumpet: Young Franklin Roosevelt. New York: Harper & Row, 1985.
—–. A First-Class Temperament: The Emergence of Franklin Roosevelt. New York: Harper & Row, 1989.
Ware, Susan. Partner and I: Molly Dewson, Feminism, and New Deal Politics. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1987.
Waskow, Arthur. From Race Riot to Sit-In. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1967.
Watrous, Hilda R. In League with Eleanor: Eleanor Roosevelt and the League of Women Voters, 1921–1962. New York: Foundation for Citizenship Education, League of Women Voters, 1984.
—–. Narcissa Cox Vanderlip. League of Women Voters’ pamphlet. New York: Foundation for Citizenship Education, 1982.
Weiss, Nancy. “The Negro and the New Freedom: Fighting Wilsonian Segregation.” Political Science Quarterly, March 1968.
Williams, William A. American-Russian Relations, 1781–1947. New York: Rinehart, 1952.
Wolgemuth, Kathleen. “Woodrow Wilson and Federal Segregation.” Journal of Negro History, April 1959.
Wood, Edith Elmer. “Four Washington Alleys.” The Survey, 6 December 1913.
Woolf, S. J. “A Woman Speaks Her Political Mind.” New York Times Magazine, 8 April 1928.
Woolf, Virginia. “The Compromise (Mrs Humphry Ward).” Review of The Life of Mrs Humphry Ward by her daughter Janet Penrose Trevelyan in The New Republic, 9 January 1924. In Virginia Woolf: Women and Writing, edited by Michele Barrett. London: The Women’s Press, 1979.
—–. “Lady Strachey.” In The Nation & Athenaeum, 22 December 1928. Reprinted in Books and Portraits, edited by Mary Lyon. N.Y.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977.
—–. A Room of One’s Own. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1957 [1929].
Youngs, William J. Eleanor Roosevelt: A Personal and Political Life. Boston: Little, Brown, 1985.