“Nothing is in the mind that was not previously in the senses,” said Aristotle. If we apply that to writing, then the writer creates the work in his mind by processing what has entered through his senses from the outside world. I suppose that is why Wordsworth wrote about daffodils. But Saint John of the Cross wrote about the Dark Night of the Soul. This latter was probably created internally from just a little input via his senses. Whatever is the mix of creativity, the important element is the mixer. For many colleagues in science the mixing would be done by the electrochemistry of the brain, since they believe that there is nothing else than man the molecular machine. But Andrzej Szczeklik was a scientist, and he believed that he had a soul. Whether we can prove that he had a soul is not the important question. Without such a belief all is ultimately futile; with belief in a soul the possibilities of belief in oneself as an infinitely important being at the center of the universe both consciously and unconsciously allow an enhancement of the mixing of the external world and the internal. Even though he read Richard Dawkins’s The Blind Watchmaker with great interest,
Andrzej believed with conviction that he had a soul and that the world had mystical meaning beyond the molecular.
I remember seeing his Curriculum Vitae once. He listed his interest in music as both “Classic and Romantic.” I remember thinking that that summed up Andrzej: the mathematics of Bach and the passion of Chopin. He had spent a year at the Conservatoire in Warsaw studying piano before entering medical school. He would have made a success of either. But perhaps medicine allowed Andrzej to express both classic and romantic tendencies, the kind of thing Bulgakov described in A Country Doctor’s Notebook.
I remember Andrzej playing Mozart on the grand piano when he stayed in my house in London. But I also remember him playing improvised jazz on an upright piano in a bar in a village in southern Poland.
The pity is that Andrzej died just as he started writing creatively or, alternatively, that he didn’t start earlier. He had written hundreds of scientific articles. But that is not writing. It is precise recording that Bach would have understood. Andrzej’s romantic writing started only two books before this one. For decades, his time was consumed by the things that he did well: clinical medicine, caring for his patients, science, running a medical school, raising money for research, speaking at conferences. All this kept him from the self that he ultimately found in what we have here called romantic writing. I remember that he wrenched himself away from his unromantic world to spend two weeks alone in his wooden house under the Tatra Mountains to write the first book.
So this book is more than daffodils. It is the product of a soul that has received years of diverse information through the senses and a soul that has matured over the years. The problem for the soul is that its molecular contact with the world is corroding from birth. Thus the dilemma of mature, complex writing: it requires that thing that will end it.
SYMPTOMS AND SHADOWS
3 To tap and to listen: Andrzej Szczeklik.
3 perhaps more than just: Stanislaw Mossakowski, Program ideowy obrazu Rafaela Swigta Cecylia (“The Ideological Plan Behind Raphael’s Painting of Saint Cecilia”) in Sztuka jako swiadectwo czasu (“Art as the Testimony of Time”), Warsaw, Arkady, 2005, p. 114.
4 the immobile face: Czeslaw Milosz, This, in New and Collected Poems 193 12001, translated by Czeslaw Milosz and Robert Hass, London, Allen Lane, 2001, pp. 663-664.
8 Duque de Bejar: J. van Gijn, The Babinski Sign: A Centenary, Utrecht, Universiteit Utrecht, 1996, p. 71.
8 the intervention of our soul: Rene Descartes, Les passions de Tame, Paris, Henri le Gras, 1649, quoted in J. van Gijn, op. cit., p. 7.
13 In both countries: Seamus Heaney, In Another Pattern, lecture given on 12 May 2005 at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow on the occasion of receiving an honorary degree.
13 when the spirit appearing in nature: Jaroslaw Marek Rymkiewicz, Slowacki. Encyklopedia (“Slowacki. An Encyclopedia”), Warsaw, Wydawnictwo Sic!, 2004, p. 156.
13 and further Podolia: Juliusz Slowacki, Beniowski, Canto XI in Pisma (“Works”), arranged by A. Gorski, Vol. 2, Krakow, Gebethner und Wolff, 1908, p. 479
14 Round him a forest of cypress-. Ibid., Canto II, p. 270.
15 carries in it the seeds of madness: Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Tramontana, in Strange Pilgrims. Twelve Stories, translated by Edith Grossman, London, Cape, 1993, p. 135
15 drive the sunniest natures: Nicolas Bouvier , Journal d’Aran et d’autres lieux, Paris, Editions Payot, 1990.
ABOUT THE BRAIN
22 the skull fits the brain: Ian Glynn, An Anatomy of Thought. The Origin and Machinery of the Mind, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999, p. 169.
25 the “notch gene”: Nick Monk, Asymmetric Fixation, “Nature” 2004, Vol. 427, p. hi.
26 two conscious minds: Christof Koch, The Quest for Consciousness. A Neurobiological Approach, Englewood, Roberts and Co., 2004, p. 294.
29 long-term, declarative memory: Greg Miller, How Are Memories Stored and Retrieved?, “Science” 2005, Vol. 309, p. 92.
30 Like an actor: Christof Koch, The Quest for Consciousness, op. cit., p. 196.
30 epic poem of the night: Juliusz Kleiner, Wlodzimierz Macing, Zarys dziejow literatury polskiej (“An Outline of the History of Polish Literature”), Wroclaw, Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich, 1972, p. 256.
31 Gustavus obiit: Adam Mickiewicz, Forefathers’ Eve, Part III, in Polish Romantic Drama: Three Plays in English Translation, edited by Harold B. Segel, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1977, p. 82.
31 no one can either praise or criticize me: Stawomir Mrozek, Baltazar. Autobiografia (“Baltazar. An Autobiography”), Krakow, Noir sur Blanc, 2006, p. 248.
31 what makes us whole: Antoni Libera, introduction to Baltazar, Slawomir Mrozek, op. cit., p. 8.
31 identity split: Edgardo D. Carosella, Thomas Pradeu, Transplantation and Identity. A Dangerous Split?, “The Lancet” 2006, Vol. 368, p. 183.
32 distance is the essence of beauty: Czeslaw Milosz, The Land of Ulro, translated by Louis Iribarne, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1985, p. 11.
32 bountiful memory: Ibid.
32 in some material object. Vladimir Nabokov, Lectures on Literature, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1980, p. 222.
32 turn years, whole periods-. Czeslaw Milosz, The Land of Ulro, op. cit., p. 12.
32 is big screens-. Renata Gorczynska, Podrozny swiata. Rozmowy z Czeslawem Miloszem (“World Traveller. Conversations with Czeslaw Milosz”), Krakow, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1992, pp. 139-140.
33 One need not be a chamber: Emily Dickinson, “Ghosts,” in Collected Poems of Emily Dickinson, New York, Avenel Books, 1982, p. 208.
36 the most striking: Gyorgy Buzsaki, Rhythms of the Brain, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 370.
37 Studying and performing music. Nancy C. Andreasen, The Creating Brain. The Neuroscience of Genius, New York, Dana Press, 2005, p. 158.
41 transmutation of forms: Andrzej Szczeklik, Catharsis, translated by Antonia Lloyd-Jones, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2005, p. 24.
43 'What a cruel irony: Richard Rapport, Nerve Endings. The Discovery of the Synapse, New York, W.W. Norton and Co., 2005, p. 184.
43 Passions are like: Johann Christian August Heinroth, Lehrbuch des Seelengesundheitskunde (“Textbook of Mental Health”), Vol. 1, Leipzig, Vogel, 1823, pp. 591-592.
44 a pitiful city: Vittorino Andreoli, I miei mati: Ricordi e storie di un medico della mente (“My Madmen. Memoirs of a Doctor of the Mind”), Milan, Rizzoli, 2004.
44 that sleeps all the time: Edward Shorter, ibid.
44 For progressive paralysis: Tadeusz Boy-Zeleriski, Dziadzio (“Grandpa”), in Stowka (“Wordlets”), Warsaw, Ksiqzka i Wiedza, 1950, p. 17.
44 La paralyse generale: Marie Rivet, Les alienes dans la famille et dans la maison de la sante (“The Insane Within the Family and at the Sanatorium”), Paris, Mason, 1875, p. 145.
46 in which the patients basked: Edward Shorter, A History of Psychiatry. From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac, New York, John Wiley 8c Sons, 1997 . P- J 4 7
4 6 was not a true methodology: Theodore Millon, Masters of Mind. Exploring the Story of Mental Illness from Ancient Times to the New Millennium, Hoboken, John Wiley &c Sons, 2004, p. 326.
46 an interruption: Edward Shorter, A History of Psychiatry, op. cit., p. 145.
46 All sciences have to: Hans Eysenck, Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire, London, Viking, 1985, p. 207.
48 wanders astray easily: Edward Shorter, A History of Psychiatry, op. cit., p. 288.
48 Despite its anchoring: Edward Shorter, ibid.
48 walking mines: Vittorino Andreoli, I miei mati, op. cit.
48 A clear light: Theodore Millon, Masters of Mind, op. cit., p. 588.
IN SEARCH OF THE SOUL
51 It is only because life is: Roberto Calasso, The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony, translated by Tim Parks, London, Cape, 1993, p. 117.
51 Cattle and sheep: Homer, The Iliad, Book IX, verses 406-409, translated by Richmond Lattimore, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1951, p. 209.
52 whenever somebody: Calasso, The Marriage ..., op. cit., p. 117.
52 O shining Odysseus: Homer, The Odyssey, Book XI, verses 488-491, translated by Richmond Lattimore, New York, HarperCollins, 1965, p. 180.
5 2 On this point: James George Frazer, The Belief in Immortality and the Worship of the Dead, Vol. 1, London, Macmillan, 1913, p. 33.
53 causing pain, distress and torment: Jan Parandowski, Mitologia. Wierzenia i podania Grekow i Rzymian (“Mythology. Beliefs and Tales of the Greeks and Romans”), Warsaw, Czytelnik, 1950, p. 102.
54 it drop of alien blood: Erwin Rohde, Die Religion der Griechen (“The Religion of the Greeks”), cited in E.R. Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1951, p. 139.
54 In the seventh century bc: Dodds, op. cit., p. 140.
5 5 Total, agonizing silence: Waclaw Sieroszewski, Dwanascie lat w kraju Jakutow (“Twelve Years in the Land of the Yakuts”), Vol. 17, Krakow, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1961, pp. 327-328, cited in Maria Magdalena Kosko, Szamanizm. Teatr jednego aktora (“Shamanism. One-Man Theater”), Poznan, Muzeum Narodowe w Poznaniu, 2002, p. 20.
56 Orpheus is a Thracian: Dodds, The Greeks ..., op. cit., p. 147.
The work of the following Poznan-based ethnologists is a rich source of information on the Siberian shamans: Maria Magdalena Kosko, Mitologia ludow Syberii (“Mythology of the Peoples of Siberia”), Warsaw, Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe, 1990; Kosko, Szamanism, op. cit.; Andrzej Rozwadowski and Maria Magdalena Kosko, Spirits and Stones. Shamanism and Rock Art in Central Asia and Siberia, Poznan, Instytut Wschodni KAM, 2002; Andrzej Szyjewski, Szamanizm (“Shamanism”), Krakow, WAM, 2005.
57 or at least to lack irreversible time: Krzysztof Michalski, The Flame of Eternity. An Interpretation of Nietzsche’s Thought, translated by Benjamin Paloff, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2012, p. 151.
57 took hold in European thought: Ibid., p. 152.
57 We can compare time: Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, Vol. 1, translated by E.F.J. Payne, Mineola, New York, Dover, 1969, p. 276, quoted in Michalski, p. 153.
5 8 I shall not altogether die: Horace, Odes III, 30, line 6, Odes and Epodes, translated by C.E. Bennett, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1952, p. 278-279.
58 desolate times: Friedrich Holderlin, Bread and Wine, in Poems of Holderlin, translated by Michael Hamburger, London, Nicholson & Watson, 1943, p. 171.
58 But that which endures: Friedrich Holderlin, Remembrance, ibid., p. 187.
5 8 who knew the secret: Zbigniew Herbert, To Ryszard Krynicki. A Letter, in The Collected Poems 1956-1998, translated by Alissa Valles, New York, Ecco, 2007, p. 356.
58 the value of human life: John Paul II, Canonizzazione del Beato Francesco Antonio Fasani (“Canonization of Blessed Francesco Antonio Fasani”), Homilies, 13 April 198 6, Vatican, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1986.
58 And if indeed: Natalya Gorbanevskaya, Still am Meer (“[translation of Still am Meer]”), In Angel dereviannyi (“Wooden Angel”), Ann Arbor, Ardis, 1982.
58 in the form of a little doll: Parandowski, Mitologia, op. cit., p. 11.
59 Kore: To find the sources and history of the words kore and symbiosis (which appear in the chapter entitled “Conjunction”), I relied mainly on H.G. Liddell and R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1996. I was also given invaluable advice and pointers by Professor Stanislaw Stabryla, director of the Latin Philology Faculty at the Jagiellonian University, to whom my sincere thanks are due. I also wish to thank Mary R. Lefkowitz, Mellon Professor in the Humanities Emerita, of Wellesley College, Massachusetts.
60 pounced from the shadows: Calasso, The Marriage op. cit., p. 210.
60 drama of the reflection: Ibid.
6 1 do not permit the sight to wander: Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, XL5 5, edited and translated by John Bostock and H.T. Riley, London, Taylor & Francis, 1855.
61 so complete a mirror: Ibid.
61 the eye became: Calasso, The Marriage ..., op. cit., p. 210.
61 is to see itself: Pseudo-Plato, Alcibiades 1.133b, 2-3 and 7-10, Plato in Twelve Volumes, Vol. 8, translated by W.R.M. Lamb, London, William Heinemann, Ltd., 1955, also available from the Perseus Digital Library, www.perseus.tufts, edu.
61 Or rather I shall say: Juliusz Sfowacki, Los mig juz zaden nie maze zatrwozyc (“Fate Can Trouble Me No More”) in Waclaw Borowy, Od Kochanowskiego do Staffa. Antologia lyriki polskiej (“An Anthology of Polish Poetry from Kochanowski to Staff”), PIW, Warsaw 1958, p. 258.
62 O sleep, that teaches: Jan Kochanowski, Do snu (“To Sleep”), translated by Michael J. Mikos, in Trifles on Jan Rybicki’s Modern Polish Poetry website, http://www.ap.krakow.pl/nkja/literature/polpoet/kochtrif.htm.
62 On tankard, plate and sirloin: Adam Mickiewicz, Pan Tadeusz, Book VIII, verses 804-805, translated by Kenneth R. MacKenzie, London, Polish Cultural Foundation, 1986, p. 376.
62 Take me into your dream: Ryszard Krynicki, Wez mnie (“Take Me”) in Kamieh, szron (“Stone, Rime”), Krakow, Wydawnictwo a5, 2004.
64 Logos, the invisible spider’s thread: Imre Kertesz, Liquidation, translated by Tim Wilkinson, New York, Knopf, 2004, p. 97.
64 Of soul thou shalt never find: Heraclitus, preserved in Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Book IX, 6-8, translated by R.D. Hicks, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1958, Vol. II, p. 415.
64 the shaman must die: Mircea Eliade, in Szyjewski, Szamanizm, op. cit.
64 a seasoned expert: Szyjewski, op. cit., p. 10.
65 demanded not studying, but exercising: Wladyslaw Tatarkiewicz, Historia filozofii (“A History of Philosophy”), Vol. 1, Warsaw, PWN, 2004, p. 169.
66 They ask nothing: Henri Bergson, The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, translated by R. Ashley Audra and Cloudsley Brereton, London, Macmillan, 1935, pp. 23-24.
66 it will never be pure ecstasy: Pierre Hadot, Plotinus, or the Simplicity of Vision, translated by Michael Chase, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1993, p. 113.
For more on Plotinus, see Lev Shestov, In Job’s Balance, translated by Camilla Coventry and C.A. Macartney, London, Dent & Sons, 1932.
66 Even if this phenomenon: Hadot, Plotinus ..., op. cit., p. 112.
66 most vital experience: Barbara Skarga, Kwintet Metafizyczny (“A Metaphysical Quintet”), Krakow, Universitas, 2005, p. 144.
67 often less pious: Jean-Noel Vuarnet, Extases feminines (“Women’s Ecstasies”), Paris, Arthaud, 1980.
68 a cataplasm of nine leaves: Jacques Attali, Blaise Pascal ou le genie frangais (“Blaise Pascal or the French genius”), Paris, Fayard, 2000, p. 28.
70 According to the logic of cogito, ergo sum: John Paul II, Memory and Identity: Personal Reflections , London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005, pp. 10-11.
71 weighed as much: Len Fisher, Weighing the Soul. The Evolution of Scientific Beliefs, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2004, p. 14.
72 Otherwise, it was: Szczeklik, Catharsis, op. cit., p. 58.
72 Do not come out into the world: Saint Augustine, cited in Tatarkiewicz, Historia filozofii, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 195.
72 a high-ranking officer. Tomas Hah'k, Co je bez chveni, nempevne. Labyrintem sveta a virou a pochybnosti (“If It Doesn’t Wobble, It Isn’t Certain. The Labyrinth of the World, Faith and Doubt”), Prague, Lidove Noviny, 2002.
72 except the coup de grace: Ibid.
73 In our earthly house: Vladimir Nabokov, The Gift, translated by D. Nabokov and Michael Scammell with the collaboration of the author, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1981, p. 283.
73 to credit marvels: Seamus Heaney, Fosterling, in Seeing Things, London, Faber & Faber, 1991, p. 50.
74 We know — or at least we have been told: Adam Zagajewski, The Soul, translated by Clare Cavanagh, “Agni Magazine,” No. 54, Boston University.
75 Christof Koch, The Quest for Consciousness, op. cit.
75 Douglas Hofstadter, 7 Am a Strange Loop, New York, Basic Books, 2007.
75 a mirage, a myth: Susan Blackmore, A Strange Sense of Self. Am I a Mirage f, “Nature” 2007, Vol. 447, p. 29.
75 which are a light: H. Nusbaum, lecture, “On the Influence of Spiritual Functions on Matters of Illness,” given at the VII Polish Doctors and Naturalists Congress in 1894 in Lwow, quoted in Bartlomiej Dobroczyriski, Idea nieswiadomosci w polskiej mysli psychologicznej przed Freudem (“The Idea of the Unconscious Mind in Polish Psychological Thought Before Freud”), Krakow, Universitas, 2005, p. 268.
75 lack the glow of the conscious mind: Ibid.
76 deep epistemological problems: Colin Blakemore, In Celebration of Cerebration, “The Lancet” 2005, Vol. 366, p. 2035.
77 consciousness itself cannot have evolved: Ibid.
77 Antonio Damasio, The Person Within, “Nature” 2003, Vol. 423, p. 227.
THE REFLECTED WORLD INSIDE US
81 continuously ... inhaling: Sheldon G. Cohen, Cooke and Vander Veer on Heredity and Sensitization, “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” 2002, Vol. no, p. 674.
81 I put as much adrenalin: Ibid., p. 676.
82 First be a doctor: Cited in Andrzej Szczeklik, The Robert Cooke Memorial Lectureship: Aspirin-Induced Asthma, Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, New Orleans 2001.
82 if he could find a metabolite: Sheldon G. Cohen, Max Samter, Excerpts from Classics in Allergy, Carlsbad, Symposia Foundation, 1992, p. 132.
83 hair soup: Jack Howell, Roger Altounyan and the Discovery of Cromolyn (Sodium Cromoglycate), “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” 2005, Vol. 115, pp. 882-885; Alan M. Edwards, The Discovery of Cromolyn Sodium and Its Effect on Research and Practice in Allergy and Immunology, “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” 2005, Vol. 115, pp. 885-888; and also Alan M. Edwards, Jack Howell, The Chromones: History, Chemistry and Clinical Development. A Tribute to the Work of Dr. R.E.C. Altounyan, “Clinical and Experimental Allergy” 2000, Vol. 30, pp. 756-774.
88 placed in the hands of the physician: Marvin J. Stone, Monoclonal Antibodies. Designer Medical Missiles, “The Lancet” 2006, Vol. 368, pp. S48-S49.
88 the immune substances: Paul Ehrlich, quoted in Stone, ibid.
88 drugs are a delusion: George Bernard Shaw, The Doctor’s Dilemma, Act One, London, Constable and Company, Ltd., 1930, p. 24.
93 Quotation from Kierkegaard modified by Jerne, in Thomas Soderqvist, Science as Autobiography. The Troubled Life of Niels feme. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 2003, p. 186.
94 Gradually it has become clear to me: Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil, translated by Walter Kaufmann, New York, Vintage, 1966, p. 13.
94 built the edifice: Tatarkiewicz, Historia filozofii, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 184.
94 Understand that you are another world: Juan Eduardo Cirlot, A Dictionary of Symbols, translated by Jack Sage, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962, p. 187.
94 Perhaps all the dragons: Rainer Maria Rilke, Letters to a Young Poet, translated by Reginald Snell, London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1945, p. 39.
94 Perhaps the world was created: Czeslaw Milosz, Coffer in Second Space, translated by the author and Robert Hass, New York, Ecco, 2004, p. 27.
THE ARCANA OF ART AND THE RIGORS OF SCIENCE
97 What is truth?: Mikhail Bulgakov, The Master and Margarita, translated by Michael Glenny, London, Harvill, 1988, pp. 33-34.
98 A correctly uttered magic spell: Andrzej Szczeklik, Catharsis, op. cit., p. 9.
99 Apuleius, Metamorphoses, Book XI, 5, in Pierre Hadot, The Veil of Isis. An Essay on the History of the Idea of Nature, translated by Michael Chase, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2006, p. 236.
100 the word <pv<Tl<;: Ibid., p. 9.
to 1 under the torture of experiments: Francis Bacon, Novum organum, quoted in Hadot, The Veil of Isis, op. cit., p. 93.
101 Nature the Sphinx: Johann W. von Goethe, in Hadot, The Veil of Isis, op. cit., p. 249.
101 One should have more respect: Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science, edited by Bernard Williams, translated by Josefine Nauckhoff and Adrian Del Caro, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 8.
101 Perhaps truth is a woman: Ibid.
101 one cannot know anything certain: Hippocrates, On Ancient Medicine, 20, in The Genuine Works of Hippocrates, translated by Francis Adams, London, Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, 1939, p. 15.
102 without damage: Hippocrates, On Art, Book XII, 3, in Hadot, The Veil of Isis, op. cit., p. 93.
102 In Brueghel’s Icarus: W.H. Auden, Musee des Beaux Arts, in W.H. Auden: A Selection By the Poet, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1958, p. 61.
103 the phenomenon of the world’s indifference: Leszek Kolakowski, The Presence of Myth, translated by Adam Czerniawski, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2001, p. 69.
104 open up spaces for mercy: John Paul II, Rise, Let Us Be on Our Way, London, Jonathan Cape, 2004, p. 75.
110 we see... Galileo’s finger: Peter Atkins, Galileo’s Finger. The Ten Great Ideas of Science, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003, p. 1.
hi he sat in them himself : Wladyslaw Szumowski, Historia medycyny filozofcznie uj§ta (“The History of Medicine Philosophically Expressed”), Sanmedia, 3 rd ed., Krakow 1994, p. 477.
hi universal architecture : Evelyn Fox Keller, A Clash of Two Cultures, “Nature” 2007, Vol. 445, p. 603.
112 quantum canticle: Marc Lachieze-Rey and Jean-Pierre Luminet, Celestial Treasury. From the Music of the Spheres to the Conquest of Space, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 62.
113 the world was an organism: Michal Heller, Filozofia przyrody (“The Philosophy of Nature”), Krakow, Wydawnictwo Znak, 2004, p. 21.
113 If ever any beauty: John Donne, The Good-Morrow, in Poems of John Donne, Vol. I, edited by E.K. Chambers, London, Lawrence & Bullen, 1896.
115 the physics of creative processes: Michal Heller in Struktura i emergencja (“Structure and Emergence”), edited by Michal Heller and Janusz M^czka, Krakow-Tarnow, PAU i Biblos, 2006, p. 33.
115 by night they devote themselves: Andrzej Bialas, Wprowadzenie (“Introduction”) in Struktura i emergencja, op. cit., p. 33.
116 There is no such thing as consensus science: Michael Crichton, “Aliens Cause Global Warming,” Caltech Michelin Lecture, 17 January 2003, http://brinnonprosperity.org/ cricht0n2.html.
116 like a sewer. Ruth Richardson, Chance Favours the Prepared Mind, “The Lancet” 2006, Vol. 368, pp. S46-S47.
116 For the history of the discovery of Hwang’s fraud, see “Science” 2006, Vol. 313, p. 22 and “Nature” 2006, Vol. 439, p. 122.
116 On the fraud concerning treatment of cancer of the mouth, see “Nature” 2006, Vol. 439, p. 122.
117 On Jacques Benveniste, see his obituary by Caroline Richmond, The Guardian, 21 October 2004.
118 On the controversy between Hooke and Hevelius, see Naukowa Liga Mistrzow (“The Scientists’ League Championship”), an interview with Lord May of Oxford, “Academia” 2005, No. 3, p. 42.
119 These days success is an idol: Cyprian Kamil Norwid, Omylka (“Mistake”) in Poezja i dohroc. Wybor z utworow (“Poetry and Goodness. A Selection from His Works”), edited by Marian Piechal, Warsaw, PIW, 1977, p. 658.
119 Here we have a real: Andrzej Staruszkiewicz, Istota sukcesu naukowego (“The Essence of Scientific Success”) in Sukces w nauce (“Success in Science”), Warsaw, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2006, p. 44.
120 Vanity is so anchored in the heart of man: Blaise Pascal, Pensees, translated by W.F. Trotter, London, J.M. Dent, 1931, p. 46.
120 The Old Masters: Zbigniew Herbert, Old Masters, in The Collected Poems, op. cit., p. 345.
121 the principle of limited sloppiness: Inspiring Science. Jim Watson and the Age of DNA, edited by John R. Inglis, Joseph Sambrook and Jan A. Witkowski, New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2003, p. 126.
125 conception of Nature: Robert J. Richards, The Romantic Conception of Life. Science and Philosophy in the Age of Goethe, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2002, p. 516; and also Manfred D. Laublicher, A Premodern Synthesis, “Science” 2003, Vol. 299.
126 I am at present fit only to read Humboldt: Charles Darwin, Beagle Diary, quoted in Richards, op. cit., p. 514.
126 I never forget: Charles Darwin, in a letter to Joseph Hooker dated 10 February 1845, quoted in Richards, op. cit., p. 514.
126 You have without perceiving it: Letter from Caroline Darwin to Charles Darwin dated 28 October 1833, quoted in Richards, op. cit., p. 521.
126 organic crystallography: Olaf Breidbach, Visions of Nature. The Art and Science of Ernst Haeckel, New York, Prestel, 2006, p. 105.
127 Their very beauty betrays them: Philip Ball, Painting the Whole Picture ?, “Nature” 2007, Vol. 445, p. 486.
127 life navigates to precise end-points: Simon Conway Morris, Life’s Solution. Inevitable Humans in a Lonely Universe, Cambridge and New York, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Preface, p. xiii.
128 the best example of convergent evolution in human beings: Erika Check, How Africa Learned to Love a Cow, “Nature” 2006, Vol. 444, pp. 994-996.
GENETICS AND CANCER
131 an apparent end: Franz Kafka, Diaries, quoted in Guido Ceronetti, The Silence of the Body: Materials for the Study of Medicine, translated by Michael Moore, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1993, p. 203.
131 souls are all exempt from power of death: Ovid, Metamorphoses, translated by Brookes More, Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co., 1922, Book 15, line 158.
131 I am the family face: Thomas Hardy, Heredity, in The Complete Poems of Thomas Hardy, edited by James Gibson, London, Macmillan, 1976, p. 434.
132 gemmules: Charles Darwin, The Variation of Plants and Animals Under Domestication, London, John Murray, 1868, quoted in Tim Lewens, Science Undermined by Our Limited Imagination?, “Science” 2006, Vol. 313, p. 1047.
133 we will know what it is to be human: W. Gilbert, cited in Richard Lewontin, The Triple Helix, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2001, p. 11.
133 We have the sequence now: J. Michael Bishop, How to Win the Nobel Prize, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2003, p. 217.
133 The fact that the genome was “decoded": See D.A. Wheeler et al., The Complete Genome of an Individual by Massively Parallel DNA Sequencing, “Nature” 2008, Vol. 452, p. 877.
134 on what Watson wrote: M.V. Olson, Dr. Watson’s Base Pair, “Nature” 2008, Vol. 452, p. 819.
134 “ personalized" colors: See F.R. Collins, The Language of Life. DNA and the Revolution in Personalised Medicine, London, Profile Books, 2010.
135 an individual’s risk: Ibid., p. 90.
135 an all-inclusive price: L.J. Kricka et al., Ethics Watch. Direct Access Genetic Testing. The View from Europe, “Nature Reviews, Genetics” 2011, Vol. 12, p. 670.
136 the clinical repercussions of the discovery: See H. Varmus, Ten Years On. The Human Genome and Medicine, “New England Medicine” 2010, Vol. 362, pp. 2028-9.
137 ( non-baryonic ) matter that is different from ours: Stanislaw Bajtlik, The Beginning of the Universe, “Academia” 2004, No. 1, pp. 5-7.
137 black: The Dark Side, “Science” (special edition) 2003, Vol. 300, p. 1893.
137 junk: Christian Biemont, Cristina Vieira Junk DNA as an Evolutionary Force, “Nature” 2006, Vol. 443, p. 521.
137 nature’s evolutionary experiments: Wojciech Makalowski, Not Junk After All, “Science” 2003, Vol. 300, p. 1246.
140 On the new definition of a gene, see Helen Pearson, What Is a Gene?, “Nature” 2006, Vol. 441, p. 398.
144 For more on Hermann Joseph Muller, see Elof Axel Carlson, Genes, Radiation and Society. The Life and Work of H.J. Muller, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1981, p. 174.
144 my period of usefulness: J. Michael Bishop, How to Win a Nobel Prize, op. cit., p. 150.
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144 And finally : Theodor Boveri, The Origin of Malignant Tumors, Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1929, pp. 26-27.
145 landmark conclusions: J. Michael Bishop, How to Win a Nobel Prize, op. cit., p. 152.
145 22,910 somatically acquired substitutions: E.D. Pleasance et al., A SmallCell Lung Cancer Genome with Complex Signatures of Tobacco Exposure, “Nature” 2010, Vol. 463, p. 184.
145 this number totaled 33,345: E.D. Pleasance et al., A Comprehensive Catalogue of Somatic Mutations from a Human Cancer Genome, “Nature” 2010, Vol. 463, p. 191.
147 In experience, understood as: Boguslaw Maciejewski, in Dobry zawod. Z lekarzami rozmawiajq, Krystyna Bochenek i Dariusz Kortko (“A Good Profession. Conversations with Doctors by Krystyna Bochenek and Dariusz Kortko”), Krakow, Wydawnictwo Znak, 2006, p. 305.
149 five hundred and eighteen genes: See Christopher Greenman et al., Patterns of Somatic Mutation in Human Cancer Genomes, “Nature” 2007, Vol. 446, p. 153.
149 drivers .. .passengers: See Daniel A. Haber, Jeff Settleman, Drivers and Passengers, “Nature” 2007, Vol. 446, p. 145.
THE TRUTHS OF BIOLOGY AND FAITH
151 There are two popular myths about Charles Darwin: John Gribbin, The Scientists, New York, Random House, 2002, p. 339.
151 the most important event of my life: Charles Darwin, quoted in Niles Eldredge, Darwin. Discovering the Tree of Life, New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 2005, p. M
152 I always feel as if: John Gribbin, The Scientists, op. cit., p. 346.
153 literally made plants sexy: Ibid., p. 332.
154 like confessing a murder: Charles Darwin, quoted in Niles Eldredge, Darwin, op. cit., p. 43.
156 omnis cellula e cellula: Rudolf Virchow’s famous sentence.
156 Nothing in biology makes sense: Theodosius Dobzhansky, cited in Niles Eldredge, Darwin, op. cit., p. 16.
156 essentially a historical theory: Paul Nurse, The Great Ideas of Biology, “Clinical Medicine” 2003, Vol. 3, pp. 560-568.
158 symbiogenesis: Lynn Margulis, Symbiotic Theory of the Origin of Eukaryotic Organelles, in Symbiosis Symposium 29 of the Society for Experimental Biology, edited by D.L. Lee and D.H. Jennings, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1975, pp. 21-38; and Lynn Margulis and Dorion Sagan, Acquiring Genomes. A Theory of the Origins of Species, New York, Basic Books, 2002.
158 one of the greatest enigmas: James A. Lake, Disappearing Act, “Nature” 2007, Vol. 446, p. 983.
158 one of the most mysterious questions : Christian de Duve, The Origin of Eukaryotes. A Reappraisal, “Nature Reviews, Genetics” 2007, Vol. 8, p. 395.
158 is not due to random events: Axel Mayer, Viewing Life as a Cooperation. Can Symbiosis and Genome Acquisition Account for All Speciation?, “Nature” 2002, Vol. 418, p. 275.
159 albeit with some novelties: Sean Nee, The Great Chain of Being, “Nature” 2005, Vol. 435, p. 429.
160 the Indo-European languages: See William Jones in Robert Claiborne, The Life and Times of the English Language, London, Bloomsbury, 1990, p. 22.
160 The resemblance between German and Dutch: Richard Dawkins, The Ancestor’s Tale, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 2004, p. 25.
160 ring of life: Maria C. Rivera, James A. Lake, The Ring of Life Provides Evidence for a Genome Fusion Origin of Eukaryotes, “Nature” 2004, Vol. 431, p. 152.
161 more than DNA: Elizabeth Culotta, What Genetic Changes Made Us Uniquely Human, “Science” 2005, Vol. 309, p. 91.
161 Thus, from the genomic perspective: Svante Paabo, The Mosaic That Is Our Genome, “Nature” 2003, Vol. 421, p. 409.
161 On the Neanderthal genome, see Richard E. Green et ah, Analysis of One Million Base Pairs of Neanderthal DNA, “Nature” 2006, Vol. 444. p. 330.
162 We are survival machines: Cited in Dan Sperber, Evolution of the Selfish Gene, “Nature” 2006, Vol. 441, p. 151.
162 The Selfish Gene has been, and remains: Ibid.
163 Many of the fundamental questions about evolution: Tom Kirkwood, Thank God for Richard Dawkinsf, “The Lancet” 2006, Vol. 368, p. 1955.
163 a special difficulty: Charles Darwin, cited in Oliver Curry, One Good Deed. Can a Simple Equation Explain the Development of Altruism f, “Nature” 2006, Vol. 444, p. 683.
164 costly acts : Ernst Fehr, Urs Fischbacher, The Nature of Human Altruism, “Nature” 2003, Vol. 425, p. 785.
164 posterior superior temporal cortex: Dharol Tankersley, C. Jill Stowe, Scott A. Huettel, Altruism Is Associated with an Increased Neural Response to Agency, “Nature Neuroscience” 2007, Vol. 10, pp. 150-151.
164 Current gene-based evolutionary theories: Ernst Fehr, Urs Fischbacher, The Nature of Human Altruism, op. cit., p. 785.
164 Fifty-four percent of U.S. adults: David Sloan Wilson, Evolution for Everyone. How Darwin’s Theory Can Change the Way We Think About Our Lives, New York, Delacorte Press, 2007, p. 2.
165 Darwin made it possible: Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker. Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without Design, New York, Norton, 1986, cited in Michael Shermer, The Blind Godmaker, “Science” 2005, Vol. 308, pp. 205-206.
165 I’m a Darwinist: Richard Dawkins in The Third Culture, edited by John Brockman, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1995, pp. 75-95, cited in Michael Shermer, The Blind Godmaker, op. cit.
165 The universe we observe: Richard Dawkins, River Out of Eden. A Darwinian View of Life, London, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1995, cited in Michael Shermer, The Blind Godmaker, op. cit.
166 Have we really lost faith in that other space?: Czeslaw Milosz, Second Space, op. cit., p. 3.
166 in our serfdom, in our defenselessness: Renata Gorczyriska, Podrozny s'wiata (“World Traveller”), op. cit., 139.
166 Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion, London, Bantam Press, 2006. Polemic with Dawkins’s theses aiming to speak in favor of the non-existence of God has been undertaken by Alister E. McGrath and Joanna Collicutt McGrath in The Dawkins Delusion, London, SPCK, 2007.
166 so easily in opposition: Tom Kirkwood, Thank God for Richard Dawkins ?, op.
cit., p. 1955
167 Darwinian fundamentalist: This was how Stephen Jay Gould described Richard Dawkins, cited in Michael Shermer, The Blind Godmaker, op. cit.
167 Francis S. Collins, The Language of God, New York, Free Press, 2006.
167 makes man His confidant: Jozef Zyciriski, Bog i ewolucja (“God and Evolution”), Lublin, TN KUL, 2002, p. 197.
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167 anti-scientific. Erika Check, Genomics Luminary Weighs In on U.S. Faith Debate, “Nature” 2006, Vol. 442, p. 114.
168 What does Athens have in common with Jerusalem?: Tertullian, De praescriptione haereticorum. Book VII, 9: “Quid ergo Athenis et Hierosolymisf Quid academiae et ecclesiae?,” cited in John Paul II, Fides et Ratio (“Faith and Reason”) (Encyclicals), Vatican, Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1998, Chapter IV, 41.
168 meaning ... comes only from the sacrum: Leszek Kolakowski, cited in Father Jozef Sadzik, Inne niebo, inna ziemia (“Another Heaven, Another Earth”), introduction to the Polish edition of The Land of Ulro by Czeslaw Milosz, Ziemi Ulro, Krakow, Wydawnictwo Znak, 2000.
168 Faith and reason (fides et ratio) are like two wings ... : John Paul II, Fides et Ratio, op. cit.
THE BORDERLANDS
172 particle ... cell: Steven Salzberg et A., Journal Club, “Nature” 2005, Vol. 438, p. 133.
172 mimivirus: D. Raoult et al., The 1.2-Megabase Genome Sequence of Mimivirus, “Science” 2004, Vol. 306, p. 1344.
175 usually had numerous other infections: Roberto C. Gallo, Luc Montagnier, The Discovery of HIV as the Cause of AIDS, “The New England Journal of Medicine” 2003, Vol. 349, p. 2283.
177 Only one fifth of people: Kent A. Sepkowitz, One Disease, Two Epidemics. AIDS at 27, “The New England Journal of Medicine” 2006, Vol. 354, p. 2411.
178 hepatitis developed in: J. Garrott Allen et al., Blood Transfusions and Serum Hepatitis, “Annals of Surgery” 1959, Vol. 150, p. 455.
179 The benefits were instantaneous: Jacalyn Duffin, Lovers and Livers. Disease Concepts in History, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2005, p. 92.
182 theory of cyclooxygenase aspirin-induced asthma: Andrzej Szczeklik, Ryszard Gryglewski, Grazyna Czerniawska-Mysik, Relationship of Inhibition of Prostaglandin Biosynthesis by Analgesics to Asthma Attacks in Aspirin-Sensitive Patients, “British Medical Journal” 1975, Vol. 1, pp. 67-69; and Andrzej Szczeklik, Donald D. Stevenson, Aspirin-Induced Asthma: Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management, “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” 2003, Vol. hi, pp. 913-921.
185 the number of cells produced: J. Michael Bishop, How to Win the Nobel Prize, op. cit., p. 143.
186 it was the virus that invented DNA : Patrick Forterre, The Two Ages of the RNA World, and the Transition to the DNA World. A Story of Viruses and Cells, “Biochimie” 2005, Vol. 87, pp. 793-803.
186 the RNA world: John Withheld, Base Invaders, “Nature” 2006, Vol. 439, p. 130.
188 the rough, ropelike tail: Robert M. Hazen, Genesis. The Scientific Quest for Life’s Origin, Washington, D.C., Joseph Henry Press, 2005, p. xvii.
188 an agreed-upon definition of the term life: Gerald Joyce, Foreword, in Origins of Life. The Central Concepts, edited by David W. Deamer, Gail R. Fleischaker, Boston, Jones and Bartlett, 1994, pp. xi-xii.
189 the oldest, primordial bacteria ... the Loch Ness monster. The famous controversy of 2002 between William Schopf, the discoverer of life at the oldest excavations dating back more than 3.7 billion years, and Martin William Brasier, who denied the accuracy of these discoveries, was described in a book by Andrew H. Knoll, Life on a Young Planet. The First Three Billion Years of Evolution on Earth, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2003, pp. 60-65.
190 a number of pieces were collected: Robert M. Hazen, Genesis, op. cit., p. 69.
190 a primitive Earth: Ibid., p. 87.
191 primordial or prebiotic soup: The soup metaphor was introduced by J.B.S. Haldane in The Origin of Life, “The Rationalist Annual” 1929, pp. 3-10.
192 Gunter Wachtershauser, Life As We Don’t Know It, “Science” 2000, Vol. 289, p. 1307.
192 Albert Eschenmoser, Chemical Etiology of Nucleic Acid Structure, “Science” 1999, Vol. 284, p. 2118; and The TNA-Family of Nucleic Acid Systems: Properties and Prospects, “Origins of Life and Evolution of Biosphere” 2004, Vol. 34, p. 277.
192 could be that quantum mechanics: Paul Davies, A Quantum Recipe for Life, “Nature” 2005, Vol. 437, p. 819.
193 attempts to define life: Carol Cleland, Christopher Chyba, quoted in Robert M. Hazen, Genesis, op. cit., p. 30.