225 For details of treating lower limb ischemia with stem cell transplantation, see Rafal Nizankowski et al., The Treatment of Advanced Chronic Lower Limb Ischaemia with Marrow Stem Cell Autotransplantation, “Kardiologia Polska”
2005, Vol. 63, pp. 351-360.
226 I shall cite an unusual example: See P. Macchiarini et al.. Clinical Transplantation of a Tissue-Engineered Airway, “The Lancet” 2008, Vol. 372, p. 2023-2030.
227 Mixed cells give mixed results: Anthony Rosenzweig, Cardiac Cell Therapy. Mixed Results from Mixed Cells, “The New England Journal of Medicine”
2006, Vol. 355, p. 1274.
228 we should still be surprised: Ian Wilmut, quoted in Erika Check, Dolly. A Hard Act to Follow, “Nature” 2007, p. 445, p. 802.
228 Cloning is still essentially a black box: Robert Lanza, quoted in Erika Check, Dolly. A Hard Act to Follow, op. cit.
229 The breakthrough discovery about reprogramming mature cells is described by Kazutoshi Takahashi et al., Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adult Human Fibroblasts by Defined Factors, “Cell” 2007, Vol. 131, p. 861; Junying Yu et al., Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells, “Science” 2007, Vol. 318, p. 1917; In-Hyun Park et al., Reprogramming of Human Somatic Cells to Pluripotency with Defined Factors, “Nature” 2008, Vol. 451, p. 141.
230 People working on ethics: Gretchen Kogel and Constance Holden, Field Leaps Forward with New Stem Cell Advances, “Science” 2007, Vol. 318, p. 1225.
230 the road to clinical application: See E. Dolgin, Flaw in Induced-Stem-Cell Model, “Nature” 2011, Vol. 470, p. 13.
230 genetic and epigenetic abnormalities: M.F. Pera, Stem Cells: The Dark Side of Induced Pluripotency, “Nature” 2011, Vol. 471, p. 46.
230 In music, the linear passage of time: See K. Berger, Bach’s Cycle, Mozart’s Arrow, Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 2007.
3 D
232 To make a Toad or Serpent : John Locke, quoted in William R. Newman, Promethean Ambitions. Alchemy and the Quest to Perfect Nature, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2004, p. 164.
236 to move in all dimensions and directions: Ibid., p. 297.
236 tendency to the beautiful : Ibid., p. 298.
236 a symbol for the human intellect: Ibid.
238 Nature did well: Dante’s Inferno, Canto XXXI, verses 49-54, translated by J.G. Nichols, London, Hesperus Poetry, 2005, p. 323.
242 keep the mythical blood in circulation: Roberto Calasso, The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony, op. cit., p. 281.
242 like faint apparitions out of dreams: Jan Parandowski, Mitologia. Wierzenia i podania Grekow i Rzymian (“Mythology. The Beliefs and Tales of the Greeks and Romans”), London, Wydawnictwo Puls, 1992, p. 45.
243 You think you freed him?: Ted Hughes, Alcestis, London, Faber & Faber, 2000,