rheumatisme, Fr. rheumatismus, Lat.] A painful distemper supposed to proceed from acrid humours.Is called the canine letter, because it is uttered with some resemblance to the growl or snarl of a cur: it has one constant sound in English, such as it has in other languages; as red, rose, more, muriatick: in words derived from the Greek, it is followed by an h, rhapsody: r is never mute, unless the second r may be accounted mute, where two rr are used; as myrrh.
RA′CKET. n.s. [of uncertain derivation; M. Casaubon derives it, after his custom, from ϱαχiα, the dash of fluctuation against the shore.]
1. An irregular clattering noise.
That the tennis court keeper knows better than I, it is a low ebb of linen with thee, when thou keepest not racket there. SHAKESPEARE’S HENRY IV. P. II.
2. A confused talk, in burlesque language.
Ambition hath removed her lodging, and lives the next door to faction, where they keep such a racket, that the whole parish is disturbed and every night in an uproar. SWIFT.
3. [Raquette, Fr.] The instrument with which players strike the ball. Whence perhaps all the other senses.
When we have matcht our rackets to these balls,
We will in France play a set,
Shall strike his father’s crown into the hazard. SHAKESPEARE.
The body, into which impression is made, either can yield backward or it cannot: if it can yield backward, then the impression made is a motion; as we see a stroke with a racket upon a ball, makes it fly from it. DIGBY ON THE SOUL.
He talks much of the motives to do and forbear, how they determine a reasonable man, as if he were no more than a tennis-ball, to be tossed to and fro by the rackets of the second causes. BRAMHALL AGAINST HOBBS.
To RA′DICATE. v.a. [radicatus, from radix, Lat.] To root; to plant deeply and firmly.
Meditation will radicate these seeds, fix the transient gleam of light and warmth, confirm resolutions of good, and give them a durable consistence in the soul. HAMMOND.
Nor have we let fall our pen upon discour agement of unbelief, from radicated beliefs, and points of high prescription. BROWN’S VULGAR ERROURS.
If the object stays not on the sense, it makes not impression enough to be remembered; but if it be repeated there, it leaves plenty enough of those images behind it, to strengthen the knowledge of the object: in which radicated knowledge, if the memory consist, there would be no need of reserving those atoms in the brain. GLANVILLE’S DEFENCE.
To RAFF. v.a. To sweep; to huddle; to take hastily without distinction.
Their causes and effects I thus raff up together. CAREW.
RA′FFLE. n.s. [rafle, Fr. from the verb.] A species of game or lottery, in which many stake a small part of the value of some single thing, in consideration of a chance to gain it.
The toy, brought to Rome in the third triumph of Pompey, being a pair of tables for gaming, made of two precious stones, three foot broad, and four foot long, would have made a fine raffle. ARBUTHNOT ON COINS.
RAGAMU′FFIN. n.s. [from rag and I know not what else.] A paltry mean fellow.179
I have led my ragamuffns where they were pepper’d; there’s not three of my hundred and fifty left alive; and they are for the town’s end to beg during life. SHAKESPEARE’S HENRY IV.
Shall we brook that paltry ass
And feeble scoundrel, Hudibras,
With that more paltry ragamuffin, Ralpho, vapouring and huffing. HUDIBRAS.
Attended with a crew of ragamuffins, she broke into his house, turned all things topsy-turvy, and then set it on fire. SWIFT.
RA′GEFUL. adj. [rage and full.] Furious; violent.
This courtesy was worse than a bastinado to Zelmane; so that again with rageful eyes she bad him defend himself; for no less than his life would answer it. SIDNEY, B. II.
A popular orator may represent vices in so formidable appearances, and set out each virtue in so amiable a form, that the covetous person shall scatter most liberally his beloved idol, wealth, and the rageful person shall find a calm. HAMMOND.
RA′GMAN. n.s. [rag and man.] One who deals in rags.
RAI′NDEER. n.s. [hranas, Saxon; rangifer, Latin.] A deer with large horns, which, in the northern regions, draws sledges through the snow.
RAKE. n.s. [rastrum, Lat. race, Sax. racche, Dutch.]
1. An instrument with teeth, by which the ground is divided, or light bodies are gathered up.
At Midsummer down with the brembles and brakes,
And after abroad with thy forkes and thy rakes. TUSSER.
O that thy bounteous deity wou’d please
To guide my rake upon the chinking sound
Of some vast treasure hidden under ground. DRYDEN.
He examines his face in the stream, combs his ruful locks with a rake. GARTH.
2. [Racaille, Fr. the low rabble; or rekel, Dutch, a worthless cur dog.] A loose, disorderly, vicious, wild, gay, thoughtless fellow; a man addicted to pleasure.
The next came with her son, who was the greatest rake in the place, but so much the mother’s darling, that she left her husband for the sake of this graceless youth. ADDISON.
Rakes hate sober grave gentlewomen. ARBUTHNOT.
Men, some to bus’ness, some to pleasure take;
But ev’ry woman is at heart a rake. POPE.
The sire saw smiling his own virtues wake;
The mother begg’d the blessing of a rake. POPE.
RA′KEHEL. n.s. [of this word the etymology is doubtful: as it is now written, it is apparently derived from rake and hell, and may aptly represent a wretch whose life is passed in places of lewdness and wickedness: Skinner derives it from racaille, French, the rabble; Junius, from rekel, Dutch, a mongrel dog.] A wild, worthless, dissolute, debauched, sorry fellow.
Out of the frie of these rakehell horse-boys, growing up in knavery and villainy, are their kern supplied. SPENSER.
The king, when he heard of Perkins’s siege of Exeter, said in sport, that the king of rakehells was landed in the West, and that he hoped now to see him. BACON.
A rakehell of the town, whose character is set off with excessive prodigality, prophaneness, intemperance and lust, is rewarded with a lady of great fortune to repair his own, which his vices had almost ruined. SWIFT.
RA′KEHELLY. adv. [from rakehell.] Wild; dissolute.
I scorn the rakehelly rout of our ragged rhimers, which without learning boast, without judgment jangle, and without reason rage and foam. SPENSER’S PASTORALS.
No breaking of windows or glasses for spight,
And spoiling the goods for a rakehelly prank. BEN JONSON.
RA′KISH. adj. [from rake.] Loose; lewd; dissolute.
There seldom can be peculiarity in the love of a rakish heart. CLARISSA.
RA′MOUS. adj. [from ramus, Latin] Branchy; consisting of branches.
Which vast contraction and expansion seems unintelligible, by feigning the particles of air to be springy and ramous, or rolled up like hoops, or by any other means than a repulsive power. NEWTON’S OPTICKS.
A ramous efforescence, of a fine white spar, found hanging from a crust of like spar, at the top of an old wrought cavern. WOODWARD ON FOSSILS.
To RANT. v.n. [randen, Dutch, to rave.] To rave in violent or high sounding language without proportionable dignity of thought.
Look where my ranting host of the garter comes; there is either liquor in his pate, or money in his purse, when he looks so merrily. SHAKESPEARE’S MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR.
Nay, an thou’lt mouth, I’ll rant as well as thou. SHAKESPEARE.
They have attacked me; some with piteous moans, others grinning and only shewing their teeth, others ranting and hectoring, others scolding and reviling. STILLINGFLEET.
RA′PPORT. n.s. [rappat, Fr.] Relation; reference; proportion. A word introduced by the innovator, Temple, but not copied by others.
’Tis obvious what rapport there is between the conceptions and languages in every country, and how great a difference this must make in the excellence of books. TEMPLE.
RA′REESHOW. n.s. [this word is formed in imitation of the foreign way of pronouncing rare show.] A show carried in a box.
The fashions of the town affect us just like a rareeshow, we have the curiosity to peep at them, and nothing more. POPE.
Of rareeshows he sung, and Punch’s feats. GAY.
RASP. n.s. [raspo, Italian.] A delicious berry that grows on a species of the bramble; a raspberry.
Sorrel set amongst rasps, and the rasps will be the smaller. BACON’S NATURAL HISTORY.
Now will the corinths, now the rasps supply
Delicious draughts, when prest to wines. PHILIPS.
To RASP. v.a. [raspen, Dutch; rasper, Fr. raspare, Italian.] To rub to powder with a very rough file.
Some authors have advised the rasping of these bones; but in this case it is needless. WISEMAN’S SURGERY.
Having prepared hard woods and ivory for the lathe with rasping, they pitch it between the pikes. MOXON.
RASP. n.s. [from the verb.] A large rough file, commonly used to wear away wood.
Case-hardening is used by file-cutters, when they make coarse files, and generally most rasps have formerly been made of iron and case-hardened. MOXON’S MECHANICAL EXERCISES.
RA′SPATORY. n.s. [raspatoir, Fr. from rasp.] A chirurgeon’s rasp.
I put into his mouth a raspatory, and pulled away the corrupt flesh, and with cauteries burnt it to a crust. WISEMAN’S SURGERY.
RA′THER. adv. [this is a comparative from rath; ra♂, Saxon, soon. Now out of use. One may still say, by the same form of speaking, I will sooner do this than that; that is, I like better to do this.]
1. More willingly; with better liking.
Almighty God desireth not the death of a sinner, but rather that he should turn from his wickedness and live. COMMON PRAYER.
2. Preferably to the other; with better reason.
’Tis rather to be thought, that an heir had no such right by divine institution, than that God should give such a right, but yet leave it undeterminate who such heir is. LOCKE.
3. In a greater degree than otherwise.
He sought through the world, but sought in vain,
And no where finding, rather fear’d her slain. DRYDEN.
4. More properly.
This is an art,
Which does mend nature, change it rather, but
The art itself is nature. SHAKESPEARE’S WINTER’S TALE.
5. Especially.
You are come to me in a happy time,
The rather for I have some sport in hand. SHAKESPEARE.
6. To have RATHER. [this is, I think, a barbarous expression of late intrusion into our language, for which it is better to say will rather.] To desire in preference.
’Tis with reluctancy he is provoked by our impenitence to apply the discipline of severity and correction; he had rather mankind should adore him as their patron and benefactor. ROGERS’S SERMONS.
RAU′CITY. n.s. [raucus, Lat.] Hoarseness; loud rough noise.
Inequality not stayed upon, but passing, is rather an encrease of sweetness; as in the purling of a wreathed string, and in the raucity of a trumpet. BACON’S NATURAL HISTORY.
RA′WHEAD. n.s. [raw and head.] The name of a spectre, mentioned to fright children.
Hence draw thy theme, and to the stage permit
Rawhead and bloody bones, and hands and feet,
Ragousts for Tereus or Thyestes drest. DRYDEN.
Servants awe children, and keep them in subjection, by telling them of rawhead and bloodybones. LOCKE.
To READ. v.a. pret. read, part. pass. read. [ræd, Saxon.]
1. To peruse any thing written.
I have seen her take forth paper, write upon’t, read it, and afterwards seal it. SHAKESPEARE’S MACBETH.
The passage you must have read, though since slipt out of your memory. POPE.
If we have not leisure to read over the book itself regularly, then by the titles of chapters we may be directed to peruse several sections. WATTS’S IMPROVEMENT OF THE MIND.
2. To discover by characters or marks.
An armed corse did lye,
In whose dead face he read great magnanimity. SPENSER.
3. To learn by observation.
Those about her
From her shall read the perfect ways of honour. SHAKESPEARE.
4. To know fully.
O most delicate fiend!
Who is’t can read a woman? SHAKESPEARE’S CYMBELINE.
To read. v.n.
1. To perform the act of perusing writing.
It shall be with him, and he shall read therein, that he may learn to fear the Lord. BIBLE DEUTERONOMY, XVII. 19.
2. To be studious in books.
’Tis sure that Fleury reads. TAYLOR.
3. To know by reading.
I have read of an eastern king, who put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence. SWIFT.
To rear. v.a. [aræran, Saxon.]
1. To raise up.
All the people shouted with a loud voice, for the rearing up of the house of the Lord. BIBLE 1 ESDRAS, V. 62.
Who now shall rear you to the sun, or rank
Your tribes. MILTON.
2. To lift up from a fall.
Down again she fell unto the ground,
But he her quickly rear’d up again. FAIRY QUEEN, B. I.
In adoration at his feet I fell
Submiss: he rear’d me. MILTON.
3. To move upwards.
Up to a hill anon his steps he rear’d,
From whose high top to ken the prospect round. MILTON.
4. To bring up to maturity.
No creature goeth to generate, whilst the female is busy in sitting or rearing her young. BACON’S NATURAL HISTORY.
They were a very hardy breed, and reared their young ones without any care. MORTIMER’S HUSBANDRY.
They flourish’d long in tender bliss, and rear’d
A numerous offspring, lovely like themselves. THOMSON.
5. To educate; to instruct.
He wants a father to protect his youth,
And rear him up to virtue. SOUTHERN.
They have in every town publick nurseries, where all parents, except cottagers and labourers, are obliged to send their infants to be reared and educated. SWIFT.
6. To exalt; to elevate.
Charity decent, modest, easy, kind,
Softens the high, and rears the abject mind. PRIOR.
7. To rouse; to stir up.
Into the naked woods he goes,
And seeks the tusky boar to rear,
With well-mouth’d hounds and pointed spear. DRYDEN.180
REA′RWARD. n.s. [from rear.]
1. The last troop.
He from the beginning began to be in the rearward, and before they left fighting, was too far off. SIDNEY.
The standard of Dan was the rearward of the camp. BIBLE NUMBERS.
2. The end; the tail; a train behind.
Why follow’d not, when she said Tybalt’s dead,
Thy father or thy mother?
But with a rearward following Tybalt’s death,
Romeo is banished. SHAKESPEARE’S ROMEO AND JULIET.
3. The latter part. In contempt.
He was ever in the rearward of the fashion. SHAKESPEARE.
To REBE′LLOW. v.n. [re and bellow.] To bellow in return; to echo back a loud noise.
He loudly bray’d with beastly yelling sound,
That all the fields rebellowed again. FAIRY QUEEN.
The resisting air the thunder broke,
The cave rebellow’d, and the temple shook. DRYDEN.
From whence were heard, rebellowing to the main,
The roars of lions. DRYDEN’S ÆNEIS.
REBOA′TION. n.s. [reboo, Lat.] The return of a loud bellowing sound.
REBU′KE. n.s. [from the verb.]
1. Reprehension; chiding expression; objurgation.
Why bear you these rebukes, and answer not? SHAKESPEARE.
If he will not yield,
Rebuke and dread correction wait on us,
And they shall do their office.
SHAKESPEARE’S HENRY IV.
The channels of waters were seen; at thy rebuk, O Lord, at the blast of the breath of thy nostrils. BIBLE PSALMS, XVIII. 15.
Thy rebuke hath broken my heart; I am full of heaviness. BIBLE PSALM LXIX. 21.
The rebukes and chiding to children,
should be in grave and dispassionate words. LOCKE.
Shall Cibber’s son, without rebuke,
Swear like a lord? POPE.
Should vice expect to ’scape rebuke,
Because its owner is a duke? SWIFT’S MISCELLANIES.
2. In low language, it signifies any kind of check.
He gave him so terrible a rebuke upon the forehead with his heel, that he laid him at his length. L’ESTRANGE.
RE′BUS. n.s. [rebus, Latin.] A word represented by a picture.
Some citizens, wanting arms, have coined themselves certain devices alluding to their names, which we call rebus: Master Jugge the printer, in many of his books, took, to express his name, a nightingale sitting in a bush with a scrole in her mouth, wherein was written jugge, jugge, jugge. PEACHAM.
RE′CEPTIVE. adj. [receptus, Lat.] Having the quality of admitting what is communicated.
The soul being, as it is active, perfected by love of that infinite good, shall, as it is receptive, be also perfected with those supernatural passions of joy, peace and delight. HOOKER.
The pretended first matter is capable of all forms, and the imaginary space is receptive of all bodies. GLANVILLE.
RE′CIPE. n.s. [recipe, Lat. the term used by physicians, when they direct ingredients.] A medical prescription.
I should enjoin you travel; for absence doth in a kind remove the cause, and answers the physicians first recipe, vomiting and purging; but this would be too harsh. SUCKLING.
Th’ apothecary train is wholly blind,
From files a random recipe they take,
And many deaths of one prescription make. DRYDEN.
RECI′PIENT. n.s. [recipiens, Latin.]
1. The receiver; that to which any thing is communicated.
Though the images, or whatever else is the cause of sense, may be alike as from the object, yet may the representations be varied according to the nature of the recipient. GLANVILLE.
2. [Recipient, Fr.] The vessel into which spirits are driven by the still.
The form of sound words, dissolved by chymical preparation, ceases to be nutritive; and after all the labours of the alembeck, leaves in the recipient a fretting corrosive. DECAY OF PIETY.
RECITA′TION. n.s. [from recite.] Repetition; rehearsal.
If menaces of scripture fall upon men’s persons, if they are but the recitations and descriptions of God’s decreed wrath, and those decrees and that wrath have no respect to the actual sins of men; why should terrors restrain me from sin, when present advantage invites me to it? HAMMOND.
He used philosophical arguments and recitations. TEMPLE.
RECI′TATIVE, RECITATIVO. n.s. [from recite.] A kind of tuneful pronunciation, more musical than common speech, and less than song; chaunt.
He introduced the examples of moral virtue, writ in verse, and performed in recitative musick. DRYDEN.
By singing peers upheld on either hand,
Then thus in quaint recitativo spoke. DUNCIAD, B. IV.
To RECI′TE. v.a. [recito, Lat. reciter, Fr.] To rehearse; to repeat; to enumerate; to tell over.
While Telephus’s youthful charms,
His rosy neck, and winding arms,
With endless rapture you recite,
And in the tender name delight. ADDISON.
The thoughts of gods let Granville’s verse recite,
And bring the scenes of op’ning fate to light. POPE.
If we will recite nine hours in ten,
You lose your patience. POPE’S EPISTLES OF HORACE.
To RECOGNI′SE. v.a. [recognosco, Lat.]
1. To acknowledge; to recover and avow knowledge of any person or thing.
The British cannon formidably roars,
While starting from his oozy bed,
Th’ asserted ocean rears his reverend head,
To view and recognise his ancient lord. DRYDEN.
Then first he recognis’d th’ æthereal guest,
Wonder and joy alternate fire his breast. POPE.
2. To review; to reexamine.
However their causes speed in your tribunals, Christ will recognise them at a greater. SOUTH.
RECO′RD. n.s. [record, Fr. from the verb. The accent of the noun is indifferently on either syllable; of the verb always on the last.] Register; authentick memorial.
Is it upon record? or else reported
Successively, from age to age? SHAKESPEARE’S RICHARD III.
It cannot be
The Volscians dare break with us.
—— We have record that very well it can;
And three examples of the like have been. SHAKESPEARE.
The king made a record of these things, and Mardocheus wrote thereof. BIBLE ESTHER, XII. 4.
An ark, and in the ark his testimony,
The records of his covenant. MILTON.
Of such a goddess no time leaves record,
Who burn’d the temple where she was ador’d. DRYDEN.
If he affirms such a monarchy continued to the flood, I would know what records he has it from. LOCKE.
Though the attested copy of a record be good proof, yet the copy of a copy never so well attested will not be admitted as a proof in judicature. LOCKE.
Thy elder look, great Janus! cast
Into the long records of ages past;
Review the years in fairest action drest. PRIOR.
RE′CREMENT. n.s. [recrementum, Lat.] Dross; spume; superfluous or useless parts.
The vital fire in the heart requires an ambient body of a yielding nature, to receive the superfluous serosities and other recrements of the blood. BOYLE.
RECRIMINA′TION. n.s. [recrimination, Fr. from recriminate.] Return of one accusation with another.
Publick defamation will seem disobliging enough to provoke a return, which again begets a rejoinder, and so the quarrel is carried on with mutual recriminations. GOVERNMENT OF THE TONGUE.
RECRIMINA′TOR. n.s. [from recriminate.] He that returns one charge with another.
To RECRUI′T. v.a. [recruter, Fr.]
1. To repair any thing wasted by new supplies.
He was longer in recruiting his flesh than was usual; but by a milk diet he recovered it. WISEMAN’S SURGERY.
Increase thy care to save the sinking kind;
With greens and flow’rs recruit their empty hives,
And seek fresh forage to sustain their lives. DRYDEN.
Her cheeks glow the brighter, recruiting their colour;
As flowers by sprinkling revive with fresh odour. GRANVILLE.
This sun is set; but see in bright array
What hosts of heavenly lights recruit the day!
Love in a shining galaxy appears
Triumphant still. GRANVILLE.
Seeing the variety of motion, which we find in the world is always decreasing, there is a necessity of conserving and recruiting it by active principles; such as are the cause of gravity, by which planets and comets keep their motions in their orbs, and bodies acquire great motion in falling. NEWTON.
2. To supply an army with new men.
He trusted the earl of Holland with the command of that army, with which he was to be recruited and assisted. CLARENDON.
RECUBA′TION. n.s. [recubo, Latin.] The act of lying or leaning.
Whereas our translation renders it sitting, it cannot have that illation, for the French and Italian translations express neither position of session or recubation. BROWN.
RECU′MBENT. adj. [recumbens, Lat.] Lying; leaning.
The Roman recumbent, or more properly accumbent, posture in eating was introduced after the first Punick war. ARBUTHNOT.
RECURVA′TION, RECURVITY. n.s. [recurvo, Lat.] Flexure backwards.
Ascending first into a caspulary reception of the breast bone by a serpentine recurvation, it ascendeth again into the neck. BROWN’S VULGAR ERROURS.
RECU′RVOUS. adj. [recurvus, Lat.] Bent backward.
I have not observed tails in all; but in others I have observed long recurvous tails, longer than their bodies. DERHAM.
RE′DCOAT. n.s. A name of contempt for a soldier.
The fearful passenger, who travels late,
Shakes at the moon-shine shadow of a rush,
And sees a redcoat rise from ev’ry bush. DRYDEN.
RE′DSHANK. n.s. [red and shank.]
1. This seems to be a contemptuous appellation for some of the people of Scotland.
He sent over his brother Edward with a power of Scots and redshanks unto Ireland, where they got footing. SPENSER.
2. A bird. Ainsworth.
REDU′NDANT. adj. [redundans, Latin.]
1. Superabundant; exuberant; superfluous.
His head,
With burnish’d neck of verdant gold, erect
Amidst his circling spires, that on the grass
Floated redundant. MILTON’S PARADISE LOST, B. IX.
Notwithstanding the redundant oil in fishes, they do not encrease fat so much as flesh. ARBUTHNOT ON ALIMENTS.
2. Using more words or images than are useful.
Where the author is redundant, mark those paragraphs to be retrenched; when he trifles, abandon those passages. WATTS.
To REE. v.a. [I know not the etymology.] To riddle; to sift.
After malt is well rubbed and winnowed, you must then ree it over in a sieve. MORTIMER’S HUSBANDRY.
REFE′CTION. n.s. [refection, Fr. from refectio, Lat.] Refreshment after hunger or fatigue.
After a draught of wine, a man may seem lighter in himself from sudden refection, though he be heavier in the balance, from a ponderous addition. BROWN.
Fasting is the diet of angels, the food and refection of souls, and the richest aliment of grace. SOUTH.
For sweet refection due,
The genial viands let my train renew. POPE.
REFE′CTORY. n.s. [refectoire, Fr. from refect.] Room of refreshment; eating room.
He cells and refectories did prepare,
And large provisions laid of winter fare. DRYDEN.
To REFI′NE. v.a. [raffiner, Fr.]
1. To purify; to clear from dross and recrement.
I will refine them as silver is refined, and will try them as gold is tried. BIBLE ZECHERIAH, XIII. 9.
Weigh ev’ry word, and ev’ry thought refine. ANONYMOUS.
The red Dutch currant yields a rich juice, to be diluted with a quantity of water boiled with refined sugar. MORTIMER.
2. To make elegant; to polish; to make accurate.
Queen Elizabeth’s time was a golden age for a world of refined wits, who honoured poesy with their pens. PEACHAM.
Love refines the thoughts, and hath his seat
In reason. MILTON.
The same traditional sloth, which renders the bodies of children, born from wealthy parents, weak, may perhaps refine their spirits. SWIFT.
To REFI′NE. v.n.
1. To improve in point of accuracy or delicacy.
Chaucer refined on Boccace, and mended stories. DRYDEN.
Let a lord but own the happy lines;
How the wit brightens, how the sense refines! POPE.
The pure limpid stream, when foul with stains,
Works itself clear, and as it runs refines. ADDISON.
3. To affect nicety.
He makes another paragraph about our refining in controversy, and coming nearer still to the church of Rome. ATTERBURY.
REFI′NEMENT. n.s. [from refine.]
1. The act of purifying, by clearing any thing from dross and recrementitious matter.
The more bodies are of kin to spirit in subtilty and refinement, the more diffusive are they. NORRIS.181
2. Improvement in elegance or purity.
From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the corruptions in our language have not equalled its refinements. SWIFT.
3. Artificial practice.
The rules religion prescribes are more successful in publick and private affairs, than the refinements of irregular cunning. ROGERS.
4. Affectation of elegant improvement.
The flirts about town had a design to leave us in the lurch, by some of their late refinements. ADDISON’S GUARDIAN.
REFOCILLA′TION. n.s. [refocillo, Lat.] Restoration of strength by refreshment.
REFORMA′TION. n.s. [reformation, Fr. from reform.]
1. Change from worse to better.
Never came reformation in a flood
With such a heady current, scow’ring faults;
Nor ever Hydra-headed wilfulness
So soon did lose his seat, as in this king. SHAKESPEARE’S HENRY V.
Satire lashes vice into reformation. DRYDEN.
The pagan converts mention this great reformation of those who had been the greatest sinners, with that sudden and surprising change, which the christian religion made in the lives of the most profligate. ADDISON.
2.182 The change of religion from the corruptions of popery to its primitive state.
The burden of the reformation lay on Luther’s shoulders. ATTERBURY.
REFO′RMER. n.s. [from reform.]
1. One who makes a change for the better; an amender.
Publick reformers had need first practise that on their own hearts, which they purpose to try on others. KING CHARLES.
The complaint is more general, than the endeavours to redress it: Abroad every man would be a reformer, how very few at home. SPRAT’S SERMONS.
It was honour enough, to behold the English churches reformed; that is, delivered from the reformers. SOUTH.
2. Those who changed religion from popish corruptions and innovations.
Our first reformers were famous confessors and martyrs all over the world. BACON.
To REFRI′GERATE. v.a. [refrigero, re and frigus, Lat.] To cool.
The great breezes, which the motion of the air in great circles, such as the girdle of the world, produceth, do refrigerate; and therefore in those parts noon is nothing so hot, when the breezes are great, as about ten of the clock in the forenoon. BACON’S NATURAL HISTORY.
Whether they be refrigerated inclinatorily or somewhat equinoxically, though in a lesser degree, they discover some verticity. BROWN’S VULGAR ERROURS.
REFRIGERA′TION. n.s. [refrigeratio, Lat. refrigeration, Fr.] The act of cooling; the state of being cooled.
Divers do stut; the cause may be the refrigeration of the tongue, whereby it is less apt to move. BACON.
If the mere refrigeration of the air would fit it for breathing, this might be somewhat helped with bellows. WILKINS.
REFRI′GERATORY. n.s.
1. That part of a distilling vessel that is placed about the head of a still, and filled with water to cool the condensing vapours; but this is now generally done by a worm or spiral pipe, turning through a tub of cold water.Quincy.
2. Any thing internally cooling.
A delicate wine, and a durable refrigeratory. MORTIMER.
To REGE′NERATE. v.a. [regenero, Lat.]
1. To reproduce; to produce anew.
Albeit the son of this earl of Desmond, who lost his head, were restored to the earldom; yet could not the king’s grace regenerate obedience in that degenerate house, but it grew rather more wild. DAVIES ON IRELAND.
Through all the soil a genial ferment spreads,
Regenerates the plants, and new adorns the meads. BLACKMORE.
An alkali, poured to that which is mixed with an acid, raiseth an effervescence, at the cessation of which, the salts, of which the acid is composed, will be regenerated. ARBUTHNOT.
2. [Regenerer, Fr.] To make to be born anew; to renew by change of carnal nature to a christian life.
No sooner was a convert initiated, but by an easy figure he became a new man, and both acted and looked upon himself as one regenerated and born a second time into another state of existence. ADDISON ON THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION.
RE′GLET. n.s. [reglette, from regle, Fr.] Ledge of wood exactly planed, by which printers separate their lines in pages widely printed.
To REIMBO′DY. v.n. [re and imbody, which is more frequently, but not more properly, written embody.] To embody again.
Quicksilver, broken into little globes, the parts brought to touch immediately reimbody. BOYLE.
To REIMBU′RSE. v.a. [re, in and bourse, Fr. a purse.] To repay; to repair loss or expence by an equivalent.
Hath he saved any kingdom at his own expence, to give him a title of reimbursing himself by the destruction of ours? SWIFT’S MISCELLANIES.
RELA′TION. n.s. [relation, Fr. from relate.]
1. Manner of belonging to any person or thing.
Under this stone lies virtue, youth,
Unblemish’d probity and truth;
Just unto all relations known,
A worthy patriot, pious son. WALLER.
So far as service imports duty and subjection, all created beings bear the necessary relation of servants to God. SOUTH.
Our necessary relations to a family, oblige all to use their reasoning powers upon a thousand occasions. WATTS.
2. Respect; reference; regard.
I have been importuned to make some observations on this art, in relation to its agreement with poetry. DRYDEN.
Relation consists in the consideration and comparing one idea with another. LOCKE.
3. Connexion between one thing and another.
Augurs, that understand relations, have
By magpies, choughs and rooks brought forth
The secret’st man of blood. SHAKESPEARE’S MACBETH.
4. Kindred; alliance of kin.
Relations dear, and all the charities
Of fathers, son and brother first were known. MILTON.
Be kindred and relation laid aside,
And honour’s cause by laws of honour try’d. DRYDEN.
Are we not to pity and supply the poor, though they have no relation to us? no relation? that cannot be: the gospel stiles them all our brethren; nay, they have a nearer relation to us, our fellow-members; and both these from their relation to our Saviour himself, who calls them his brethren. SPRAT.
5. Person related by birth or marriage; kinsman; kinswoman.
A she-cousin, of a good family and small fortune, passed months among all her relations. SWIFT.
Dependants, friends, relations,
Savag’d by woe, forget the tender tie. THOMSON.
6. Narrative; tale; account; narration; recital of facts.
In an historical relation, we use terms that are most proper. BURNET’S THEORY OF THE EARTH.
The author of a just fable, must please more than the writer of an historical relation. DENNIS’S LETTERS.
RELA′Y. n.s. [relais, Fr.] Horses on the road to relieve others.
RE′LEVANT. adj. [French.] Relieving. Dictionaries.
RELI′GIONIST. n.s. [from religion.] A bigot to any religious persuasion.
The lawfulness of taking oaths may be revealed to the quakers, who then will stand upon as good a foot for preferment as any other subject; under such a motly administration, what pullings and hawlings, what a zeal and biass there will be in each religionist to advance his own tribe, and depress the others. SWIFT.
RELI′NQUISHMENT. n.s. [from relinquish.] The act of forsaking.
Government or ceremonies, or whatsoever it be, which is popish, away with it: this is the thing they require in us, the utter relinquishment of all things popish. HOOKER.
That natural tenderness of conscience, which must first create in the soul a sense of sin, and from thence produce a sorrow for it, and at length cause a relinquishment of it, is took away by a customary repeated course of sinning. SOUTH.
To RELU′ME. v.a. To light anew; to rekindle.
Relume her ancient light, nor kindle new. POPE.
To RELU′MINE. v.a. To light anew.
Once put out thy light;
I know not where is that Promethean heat,
That can thy light relumine. SHAKESPEARE’S OTHELLO.
To REMA′ND. v.a. [re and mando, Lat.] To send back; to call back.
The better sort quitted their freeholds and fled into England, and never returned, though many laws were made to remand them back. DAVIES ON IRELAND.
Philoxenus, for despising some dull poetry of Dionysius, was condemned to dig in the quarries; from whence being remanded, at his return Dionysius produced some other of his verses, which as soon as Philoxenus had read, he made no reply, but, calling to the waiters, said, carry me again to the quarries. GOVERNMENT OF THE TONGUE.
REMA′RKABLE. adj. [remarkable, Fr.] Observable; worthy of note.
So did Orpheus plainly teach, that the world had beginning in time, from the will of the most high God, whose remarkable words are thus converted. RALEIGH.
’Tis remarkable, that they
Talk most, who have the least to say. PRIOR.
What we obtain by conversation soon vanishes, unless we note down what remarkables we have found. WATTS.
REME′DIATE. adj. [from remedy.] Medicinal; affording a remedy. Not in use.
All you, unpublish’d virtues of the earth,
Spring with my tears; be aidant and remediate In the good man’s distress. SHAKESPEARE’S KING LEAR.
REME′MBERER. n.s. [from remember.] One who remembers.
A brave master to servants, and a rememberer of the least good office; for his flock he transplanted most of them into plentiful soils. WOTTON.
REMINI′SCENCE. n.s. [reminiscens, Latin.] Recollection; recovery of ideas.
I cast about for all circumstances that may revive my memory or reminiscence. HALE’S ORIGIN OF MANKIND.
For the other part of memory, called reminiscence, which is the retrieving of a thing at present forgot, or but confusedly remembered, by setting the mind to ransack every little cell of the brain; while it is thus busied, how accidentally does the thing sought for offer itself to the mind? SOUTH.
REMINISCE′NTIAL. adj. [from reminiscence.] Relating to reminiscence.
Would truth dispense, we could be content with Plato, that knowledge were but remembrance, that intellectual acquisition were but reminiscential evocation. BROWN.
REMI′TTANCE. n.s. [from remit.]
1. The act of paying money at a distant place.
2. Sum sent to a distant place.
A compact among private persons furnished out the several remittances. ADDISON’S REMARKS ON ITALY.
REMO′TION. n.s. [from remotus, Lat.] The act of removing; the state of being removed to distance.
All this safety were remotion, and thy defence absence. SHAKESPEARE.
This act persuades me,
’Tis the remotion of the duke and her. SHAKESPEARE.
The consequent strictly taken, may be a sallacious illation, in reference to antecedency or consequence; as to conclude from the position of the antecedent unto the position of the consequent, or from the remotion of the consequent to the remotion of the antecedent. BROWN’S VULGAR ERROURS.
To REMU′RMUR. v.a. [re and murmur.] To utter back in murmurs; to repeat in low hoarse sounds.
Her fate is whisper’d by the gentle breeze,
And told in sighs to all the trembling trees;
The trembling trees, in ev’ry plain and wood,
Her fate remurmur to the silver flood. POPE.
RENCOU′NTER. n.s. [rencontre, Fr.]
1. Clash; collision.
You may as well expect two bowls should grow sensible by rubbing, as that the rencounter of any bodies should awaken them into perception. COLLIER.
2. Personal opposition.
Virgil’s friends thought fit to alter a line in
Venus’s speech, that has a relation to the rencounter. ADDISON.
So when the trumpet sounding gives the sign,
The justling chiefs in rude rencounter join:
So meet, and so renew the dextrous fight;
Their clattering arms with the fierce shock resound. GRANVILLE.
3. Loose or casual engagement.
The confederates should turn to their advantage their apparent odds in men and horse; and by that means out-number the enemy in all rencounters and engagements. ADDISON.
4. Sudden combat without premeditation.
RENI′TENCY. n.s. [from renitent.] That resistance in solid bodies, when they press upon, or are impelled one against another, or the resistance that a body makes on account of weight. Quincy.
RENI′TENT. adj. [renitens, Lat.] Acting against any impulse by elastick power.
By an inflation of the muscles, they become soft, and yet renitent, like so many pillows, dissipating the force of the pressure, and so taking away the sense of pain. RAY.
RE′NNET. n.s. See RUNNET.
A putredinous ferment coagulates all humours, as milk with rennet is turned. FLOYER ON THE HUMOURS.
REPA′NDOUS. adj. [repandus, Lat.] Bent upwards.
Though they be drawn repandous or convexedly crooked in one piece, yet the dolphin that carrieth Arion is concavously inverted, and hath its spine depressed in another. BROWN.
RE′PARATION. n.s. [reparation, Fr. reparatio, from reparo, Lat.]
1. The act of repairing.
Antonius Philosophus took care of the reparation of the highways. ARBUTHNOT ON COINS.
2. Supply of what is wasted.
When the organs of sense want their due repose and necessary reparations, the soul exerts herself in her several faculties. ADDISON.
In this moveable body, the fluid and solid parts must be consumed; and both demand a constant reparation.
ARBUTHNOT.
3. Recompense for any injury; amends.
The king should be able, when he had cleared himself, to make him reparation. BACON.
I am sensible of the scandal I have given by my loose writings, and make what reparation I am able. DRYDEN.
REPARTEE′. n.s. [repartie, Fr.] Smart reply.
The fools overflowed with smart repartees, and were only distinguished from the intended wits, by being called coxcombs. DRYDEN’S DUFRESNOY.
Sullen was Jupiter just now:
And Cupid was as bad as he;
Hear but the youngster’s repartee. PRIOR.
To REPARTEE′. v.n. To make smart replies.
High flights she had, and wit at will,
And so her tongue lay seldom still;
For in all visits who but she,
To argue, or to repartee? PRIOR.
REPEA′TER. n.s. [from repeat.]
1. One that repeats; one that recites.
2. A watch that strikes the hours at will by compression of a spring.
REPE′RTORY. n.s. [repertoire, Fr. repertorium, Lat.] A treasury; a magazine; a book in which any thing is to be found.
REPO′RTER. n.s. [from report.] Relater; one that gives an account.
There she appear’d; or my reporter devis’d well for her SHAKESPEARE’S ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA.
Rumours were raised of great discord among the nobility; for this cause the lords assembled, gave order to apprehend the reporters of these surmises. HAYWARD.
If I had known a thing they concealed, I should never be the reporter of it POPE.
TO REPO’SITE. v.a. [repositus, Lat.] To lay up; to lodge as in a place of safety.
Others reposite their young in holes, and secure themselves also therein, because such security is wanting, their lives being sought DENHAM’S PHYSICO-THEOLOGY.
REPO’SITORY. n.s. [repositoire, Fr. repositorium, Lat.] A place where any thing is safely laid up.
The mind of man, not being capable of having many ideas under view at once, it was necessary to have a repository to lay up those ideas. LOCKE.
He can take a body to pieces, and dispose of them, to us not without the appearance of irretrievable confusion, but with respect to his own knowledge into the most regular and methodical repositories. ROGERS’S SERMONS.
REPRESE’NTATIVE. n.s. 1. One exhibiting the likeness of another.
A statue of rumour whispering an idiot in the ear, who was the representative of credulity. ADDISON’S FREEHOLDER.
2. One exercising the vicarious power given by another.
I wish the welfare of my country; and my morals and politicks teach me to leave all that to be adjusted by our representatives above, and to divine providence BLOUNT TO POPE.
3. That by which any thing is shown. Difficulty must cumber this doctrine, which supposes that the perfections of God are the representatives to us, of whatever we perceive in the creatures. LOCKE.
REPRESE’NTER. n.s. [from represent.]
1. One who shows or exhibits.
Where the real works of nature, or veritable acts of story, are to be described, art, being but the imitator or secondary representer, must not vary from the verity. BROWN.
2. One who bears a vicarious character; one who acts for another by deputation.
My muse officious ventures On the nation’s representers. SWIFT.
REPRI’SAL. n.s. [represalia, low Lat. represaille, Fr.] Something seized by way of retaliation for robbery or injury.
The English had great advantage in value of reprisals, as being more strong and active at sea. HAYWARD.
Sense must sure thy safest plunder be, Since no reprisals can be made on thee. pope.
REPRI’SE. n.s. [reprise, Fr.] The act of taking something in retaliation of injury.
Your care about your banks infers a fear Of threat’ning floods and inundations near; If so, a just reprise would only be Of what the land usurp’d upon the sea. DRYDEN.
REPTI’LE. n.s. An animal that creeps upon many feet.
Terrestial animals may be divided into quadrupeds or reptiles, which have many feet, and serpents which have no feet. LOCKE’S ELEMENTS OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Holy retreat! Sithence no female hither,
Conscious of social love and nature’s rites, Must dare approach, from the inferior reptile, To woman, form divine. PRIOR.
REPU’BLICAN. n.s. [from repub-lick.] One who thinks a common-wealth without monarchy the best government.
These people are more happy in imagination than the rest of their neighbours, because they think themselves so; though such a chimerical happiness is not peculiar to republicans. ADDISON.
TO REPU’LLULATE. v.n. [re and pullulo, Lat. repulluler, Fr.] To bud again.
Though tares repullulate, there is wheat still left in the field HOWEL’S VOCAL FOREST.
RE’REWARD.183 n.s. The rear or last troop.
To RESCRI’BE. v.a. [rescribo, Lat. rescrire, Fr.]
1. To write back.
Whenever a prince on his being consulted rescribes or writes back Toleramus, he dispenses with that act otherwise unlawful. AYLIFFE’S PARERGON.
2. To write over again.
Calling for more paper to rescribe them, he shewed him the difference betwixt the ink-box and the sand-box. HOWEL.
RE’SCRIPT. n.s. [rescrit, Fr. rescriptum, Lat.] Edict of an emperour.
One finding a great mass of money digged under ground, and being somewhat doubtful, signified it to the emperor, who made a rescript thus; Use it BACON’S APOPHTHEGMS.
The popes, in such cases, where canons were silent, did, after the manner of the Roman emperors, write back their determinations, which were stiled rescripts or decretal epistles, having the force of laws. AYLIFFE’S PARERGON.
RESE’NTFUL. adj. [resent and full.] Malignant; easily provoked to anger, and long retaining it.
RESE’RVATORY. n.s. [reservoir, Fr.] Place in which any thing is reserved or kept.
How I got such notice of that subterranean reservatory as to make a computation of the water now concealed therein, peruse the propositions concerning earthquakes. WOODWARD.
RESERVOI’R. n.s. [reservoir, Fr.] Place where any thing is kept in store.
There is not a spring or fountain, but are well provided with huge cisterns and reservoirs of rain and snow-water. ADDISON.
Who sees pale Mammon pine amidst his store, Sees but a backward steward for the poor; This year a reservoir, to keep and spare; The next, a fountain spouting through his heir. pope.
To RESI’DE. v.n. [resideo, Lat. resider, Fr.]
1. To have abode; to live; to dwell; to be present.
How can God with such reside? MILTON.
In no fix’d place the happy souls reside; In groves we live, and lie on mossy beds. DRYDEN’S ÆNEIS.
2. [Resido, Lat.] To sink; to subside; to fall to the bottom.
Oil of vitriol and petroleum, a drachm of each, turn into a mouldy substance; there residing in the bottom a fair cloud and a thick oil on the top. BOYLE.
RE’SIDENT. adj. [residens, Lat.resident, Fr.] Dwelling or having abode in any place.
I am not concerned in this objection; not
thinking it necessary, that Christ should be personally present or resident on earth in the millenium BURNET’S THEORY OF THE EARTH.
He is not said to be resident in a place, who comes thither with a purpose of retiring immediately; so also he is said to be absent, who is absent with his family. AYLIFFE’S PARERGON.
RE’SIDENT. n.s. [from the adj.] An agent, minister, or officer residing in any distant place with the dignity of an ambassador.
The pope fears the English will suffer nothing like a resident or consul in his kingdoms. ADDISON.
RESIPI’SCENCE. n.s. [resipiscence, Fr. resipiscentia, low Lat.] Wisdom after the fact; repentance.
RESI’STANCE, resistence.
n.s. [resistance, Fr. This word, like many others, is differently written, as it is supposed to have come from the Latin or the French.]
1. The act of resisting; opposition.
Demetrius, seeing that the land was quiet, and that no resistance was made against him, sent away all his forces BIBLE 1 MACCABEES.
2. The quality of not yielding to force or external impression.
The resistance of bone to cold is greater than of flesh; for that the flesh shrinketh, but the bone resisteth, whereby the cold becometh more eager. BACON.
Musick so softens and disarms the mind, That not an arrow does resistance find. WALLER.
The idea of solidity we receive by our touch, and it arises from the resistance which we find in body to the entrance of any other body into the place it possesses. LOCKE.
But that part of the resistance, which arises from the vis inertiæ, is proportional to the density of the matter, and cannot be diminished by dividing the matter into smaller parts, nor by any other means, than by decreasing the density of the medium. NEWTON’S OPTICKS.
RESO’RT. n.s. [from the verb.]
1. Frequency; assembly; meeting.
Unknown, unquestion’d in that thick resort. DRYDEN.
2. Concourse; confluence.
The like places of resort are frequented by men out of place SWIFT’S MISCELLANIES.
3. Act of visiting.
Join with me to forbid him her resort. SHAKESPEARE.
4. [Ressort, Fr.] Movement; active power; spring.184
Some know the resorts and falls of business, that cannot sink into the main of it. BACON’S ESSAYS.
In fortune’s empire blindly thus we go, We wander after pathless destiny, Whose dark resorts since prudence cannot know,
In vain it would provide for what shall be DRYDEN.
RESPIRA’TION. n.s. [respiration, Fr. respiratio, from respiro, Lat.]
1. The act of breathing.
Apollonius of Tyana affirmed, that the ebbing and flowing of the sea was the respiration of the world, drawing in water as breath, and putting it forth again. BACON.
Syrups or other expectoratives do not advantage in coughs, by slipping down between the epiglottis; for, as I instanced before, that must necessarily occasion a greater cough and difficulty of respiration. HARVEY ON CONSUMPTIONS.
The author of nature foreknew the necessity of rains and dews to the present structure of plants, and the uses of respiration to animals; and therefore created those correspondent properties in the atmosphere. BENTLEY’S SERMONS.
2. Relief from toil.
Till the day Appear of respiration to the just, And vengeance to the wicked MILTON’S PARADISE LOST, B. XII.
RESTA’GNANT. adj. [restagnans, Lat.] Remaining without flow or motion.
Upon the tops of high mountains, the air, which bears against the restagnant quicksilver, is less pressed by the less ponderous incumbent air. BOYLE.
RESTAURA’TION. n.s. [restauro, Lat.] The act of recovering to the former state.
Adam is in us an original cause of our nature, and of that corruption of nature which causeth death; Christ as the cause original of restauration to life HOOKER, B. V. S. 56.
O my dear father! restauration hang Thy medicine on my lips; and let this kiss Repair those violent harms, that my two sisters
Have in thy reverence made SHAKESPEARE’S KING LEAR.
Spermatical parts will not admit a regeneration, much less will they receive an integral restauration. BROWN.
RESTI’FF. adj. [restif, Fr. restivo, Ital.]
1. Unwilling to stir; resolute against going forward; obstinate; stubborn. It is originally used of an horse, that, though not wearied, will not be driven forward.
All, who before him did ascend the throne, Labour’d to draw three restive nations on. ROSCOMMON.
This restiff stubborness is never to be excused under any pretence whatsoever. L’ESTRANGE.
Some, with studious care,
Their restiff steeds in sandy plains prepare. DRYDEN.
The archangel, when discord was restive, and would not be drawn from her beloved monastery with fair words, drags her out with many stripes DRYDEN’S DEDICATION TO JUVENAL.
So James the drowsy genius wakes Of Britain, long entranc’d in charms, Restiff, and slumb’ring on its arms. DRYDEN.
The pamper’d colt will discipline disdain, Impatient of the lash, and restiff to the rein. DRYDEN.
2. Being at rest; being less in motion. Not used.
Palsies oftenest happen upon the left side; the most vigorous part protecting itself, and protruding the matter upon the weaker and restive side BROWN’S VULGAR ERROURS.
RESTORA’TION. n.s. [from restore; restauration, Fr.]
1. The act of replacing in a former state. This is properly restauration
Hail, royal Albion, hail to thee, Thy longing people’s expectation! Sent from the gods to set us free From bondage and from usurpation: Behold the different climes agree, Rejoicing in thy restoration. DRYDEN’S ALBION.
The Athenians, now deprived of the only person that was able to recover their losses, repent of their rashness, and endeavour in vain for his restoration. SWIFT.
2. Recovery.
The change is great in this restoration of the man, from a state of spiritual darkness, to a capacity of perceiving divine truth. ROGERS.
RESTO’RATIVE. n.s. [from restore.] A medicine that has the power of recruiting life.
I will kiss thy lips; Haply some poison yet doth hang on them, To make me die with a restorative. SHAKESPEARE’S ROMEO AND JULIET.
God saw it necessary by such mortifications to quench the boundless rage of an insatiable intemperance, to make the weakness of the flesh, the physick and the restorative of the spirit. SOUTH’S SERMONS.
Asses milk is an excellent restorative in consumptions. MORTIMER.
He prescribes an English gallon of asses milk, especially as a restorative. ARBUTHNOT.
RE’STY. adj. [restiff, Fr.] Obstinate in standing still. See restiff.
Come, our stomachs Will make what’s homely savoury, weariness Can snore upon the flint, when resty sloth Finds the down pillow hard. SHAKESPEARE’S CYMBELINE.
Men of discretion, whom people in power may with little ceremony load as heavy as they please, find them neither resty nor vicious. SWIFT.
RESUPINA’TION. n.s. [resupino, Lat.] The act of lying on the back.
RETAI’LER. n.s. [from retail.] One who sells by small quantities.
From these particulars we may guess at the rest, as retailers do of the whole piece, by taking a view of its ends. HAKEWILL.
RETE’CTION. n.s. [retectus, Lat.] The act of discovering to the view.
This is rather a restoration of a body to its own colour, or a retection of its native colour, than a change. BOYLE.
RE’TICLE. n.s. [reticulum, Lat.] A small net. Dictionaries
RETI’CULAR. adj. [from reticulum, Lat.] Having the form of a small net.
RETI’CULATED. adj. [reticulatus, Lat.] Made of network; formed with interstitial vacuities.
The intervals of the cavities, rising a little, make a pretty kind of reticulated work. WOODWARD ON FOSSILS.
RE’TIFORM. adj. [retiformis, Lat.] Having the form of a net.
The uveous coat and inside of the choroides are blackened, that the rays may not be reflected backwards to confound the sight; and if any be by the retiform coat reflected, they are soon choaked in the black inside of the uvea. RAY.
RETROCE’SSION. n.s. [retrocessum, Lat.] The act of going back.
RETROCOPU’LATION. n.s. [retro and copulation.] Post-coition.
From the nature of this position, there ensueth a necessity of retrocopulation. BROWN’S VULGAR ERROURS.
RETROGRADA’TION. n.s. [retrogradation, Fr. from retrograde.] The act of going backward.
As for the revolutions, stations, and retrogadations of the planets, observed constantly in most certain periods of time, sufficiently demonstrates, that their motions are governed by counsel RAY ON THE CREATION.
RETROMI’NGENT. adj. [retro and mingens, Lat.] Staling backward.
By reason of the backward position of the feminine parts of quadrupeds, they can hardly admit the substitution of masculine generations, except it be in retromingents. BROWN.
RETROSPE’CTIVE. adj. [from retrospect.] Looking backwards. In vain the grave, with retrospective eye, Would from the apparent what conclude the why. POPE.
RETU’RNABLE. adj. Allowed to be reported back. A law term.
It may be decided in that court, where the verdict is returnable. HALE.
He shall have an attachment against the sheriff, directed to the coroner, and returnable into the king’s bench. AYLIFFE.
RETU’RNER. n.s. [from return.] One who pays or remits money.
The chapmen, that give highest for this, can make most profit by it, and those are the returners of our money. LOCKE.
revenue. n.s. [revenu, Fr. Its accent is uncertain.] Income; annual profits received from lands or other funds.
They privily send over unto them the revenues, wherewith they are there maintained SPENSER’S STATE OF IRELAND.
She bears a duke’s revenues on her back, And in her heart scorns our poverty. SHAKESPEARE’S HENRY VI.
Only I retain The name and all th’ addition to a king; The sway, revenue, beloved sons, be yours. SHAKESPEARE.
Many offices are of so small revenue, as not to furnish a man with what is sufficient for the support of his life. TEMPLE.
If the woman could have been contented with golden eggs, she might have kept that revenue on still. L’ESTRANGE.
His vassals easy, and the owner blest, They pay a trifle, and enjoy the rest: Not so a nation’s revenues are paid; The servant’s faults are on the master laid. SWIFT.
To REVE’RB. v.a. [reverbero, Lat.]
To strike against; to reverberate. Not in use.
Reserve thy state, with better judgment check
This hideous rashness:
The youngest daughter does not love thee least;
Nor are those empty hearted, whose loud sound
Reverbs no hollowness SHAKESPEARE’S KING LEAR.
RE’VERENCER. n.s. [from reverence.] One who regards with reverence.
The Athenians quite sunk in their affairs, had little commerce with the rest of Greece, and were become great reverencers of crowned heads. SWIFT.
To REVE’RT. v.n. [revertir, old Fr.] To return; to fall back.
My arrows, Too slightly timbred for so loud a wind, Would have reverted to my bow again. SHAKESPEARE’S HAMLET.
If his tenant and patentee shall dispose of his gift without his kingly assent, the lands shall revert to the king. BACON.
REVE’RT. n.s. [from the verb.] Return; recurrence. A musical term.
Hath not musick her figures the same with rhetorick? what is a revert but her antistrophe? peacham of musick.
To REVE’ST. v.a. [revestir, revˆetir, Fr. revestio, Lat.]
1. To clothe again.
Her, nathless, Th’ enchanter finding fit for his intents, Did thus revest, and deckt with due habiliments. SPENSER.
When thou of life renewest the seeds, The withered fields revest their chearful weeds. WOTTON.
2. To reinvest; to vest again in a possession or office.
REVE’STIARY. n.s. [revestiaire, Fr. from revestio, Lat.] Place where dresses are reposited.
The effectual power of words the Pythagoreans extolled; the impious Jews ascribed all miracles to a name, which was ingraved in the revestiary of the temple CAMDEN’S REMAINS.
REVI’CTION. n.s. [revictum, Lat.] Return to life.
If the Rabines prophecy succeed, we shall conclude the days of the phenix, not in its own, but in the last and general flames, without all hope of reviction. brown.
To REVI’CTUAL. v.a. [re and victual.] To stock with victuals again.
It hath been objected, that I put into Ireland, and spent much time there, taking care to revictual myself and none of the rest. RALEIGH’S APOLOGY.
REVIE’W. n.s. [reveue, Fr. from the verb.] Survey; re-examination.
We make a general review of the whole work, and a general review of nature; that, by comparing them, their full correspondency may appear BURNET’S THEORY OF THE EARTH.
The works of nature will bear a thousand views and reviews; the more narrowly we look into them, the more occasion we shall have to admire ATTERBURY’S SERMONS.
REVI’SAL. n.s. [from revise.] Review; reexamination.
The revisal of these letters has been a kind of examination of conscience to me; so fairly and faithfully have I set down in them the undisguised state of the mind. POPE.
REVI’SE. n.s. [from the verb.]
1. Review; reexamination.
The author is to be excused, who never, in regard to his eyes and other impediments, gives himself the trouble of corrections and revises. BOYLE.
2. Among printers, a second proof of a sheet corrected.
REVI’SION. n.s. [revision, Fr. from revise.] Review.
To REVIVI’FICATE. v.a. [revivifier, Fr. re and vivifico, Lat.] To recall to life.
REVO’LTER. n.s. [from revolt.] One who changes sides; a deserter; a renegade.
Fair honour that thou dost thy God, in trusting He will accept thee to defend his cause, A murderer, a revolter, and a robber. MILTON’S AGONISTES.
He was not a revolter from the truth, which he had once embraced. ATTERBURY’S SERMONS.
Those, who are negligent or revolters, shall perish. swift.
REVU’LSION. n.s. [revulsion, Fr. revulsus, Lat.] The act of revolving or drawing humours from a remote part of the body.
Derivation differs from revulsion only in the measure of the distance, and the force of the medicines used: if we draw it to some very remote or contrary part, we call it revulsion; if only to some neighbouring place, and by gentle means, we call it derivation. WISEMAN OF TUMOURS.
There is a way of revulsion to let blood in an adverse part BACON’S NATURAL HISTORY.
I had heard of some strange cures of frenzies, by casual applications of fire to the lower parts, which seems reasonable enough, by the violent revulsion it may make of humours from the head. TEMPLE’S MISCELLANIES.
RHABA’RBARATE. adj. [from rhabarbara, Lat.] Impregnated or tinctured with rhubarb.
The salt humours must be evacuated by the sennate, rhabarbarate, and sweet manna purgers, with acids added, or the purging waters. FLOYER ON THE HUMOURS.
RHA’BDOMANCY. n.s. [’ ϱάΒδoς and μαντεíα ia.] Divination by a wand.
Of peculiar rhabdomancy is that which is used in mineral discoveries, with a forked hazel, commonly called Moses’s rod, which, freely held forth, will stir and play if any mine be under it. BROWN’S VULGAR ERROURS.
RHA’PSODIST. n.s. [from rhap-sody.] One who writes without regular dependence of one part upon another.
Ask our rhapsodist, if you have nothing but the excellence and loveliness of virtue to preach, and no future rewards or punishments, how many vicious wretches will you ever reclaim
watts’s improvement of the mind.
RHA’PSODY. n.s. [ϱΑψωδíΑ to sew, and a song.]
Any number of parts joined together, without necessary dependence or natural connection.
Such a deed, as sweet religion makes A rhapsody of words. SHAKESPEARE’S HAMLET.
This confusion and rhapsody of difficulties was not to be supposed in each single sinner. HAMMOND.
He, that makes no reflexions on what he reads, only loads his mind with a rhapsody of tales fit for the entertainment of others. LOCKE.
The words slide over the ears, and vanish like a rhapsody of evening tales WATTS’S IMPROVEMENT OF THE MIND.
hath admirably discoursed in a little compass LOCKE’S THOUGHTS ON READING.
RHE’TORICK. n.s. [’ϱητoϱiϰή; rhetorique, Fr.]
1. The act of speaking not merely with propriety, but with art and elegance.
We could not allow him an orator, who had the best thoughts, and who knew all the rules of rhetorique, if he had not acquired the art of using them. DRYDEN’S DUFRESNOY.
Of the passions, and how they are moved, Aristotle, in his second book of rhetorick, hath admirably discoursed in a little compass. LOCKE’S THOUGHTS ON READING.
Grammar teacheth us to speak properly, rhetorick instructs to speak elegantly. BAKER’S REFLECTIONS ON LEARNING.
2. The power of persuasion; oratory. The heart’s still rhetorick, disclos’d with eyes. SHAKESPEARE.
His sober lips then did he softly part, Whence of pure rhetorick whole streams outflow. FAIRFAX.
Enjoy your dear wit and gay rhetorick, That hath so well been taught her dazling fence. MILTON.
TO RHETO’RICATE. v.n. [rhet-oricor, low Lat. from rhetorick.] To play the orator; to attack the passions.
’Twill be much more seasonable to reform, than apologize or rhetoricate; not to suffer themselves to perish in the midst of such solicitations to be saved DECAY OF PIETY.
RHEU’MATISM. n.s. [ rheumatisme, Fr. rheumatismus, Lat.] A painful distemper supposed to proceed from acrid humours.
Rheumatism is a distemper affecting chiefly the membrana communis musculorum, which it makes rigid and unfit for motion; and it seems to be occasioned almost by the same causes, as the mucilaginous glands in the joints are rendered stiff and gritty in the QUINCY.
The throtling quinsey ’tis my star appoints, And rheumatisms I send to rack the joints. DRYDEN.
RHINO’CEROS. n.s. [‘ϱiéν and rhinocerot, Fr.] A vast beast in the East Indies armed with a horn in his front.
Approach thou like the rugged Russian bear,
The arm’d rhinoceros, or Hyrcanian tyger;
Take any shape but that, and my firm nerves Shall never tremble SHAKESPEARE’S MACBETH.
If you draw your beast in an emblem, shew a landscape of the country natural to the beast; as to the rhinoceros an East Indian landscape, the crocodile, an Egyptian. PEACHAM.
RI’BALD. n.s. [ribauld, Fr. ribaldo, Italian.] A loose, rough, mean, brutal wretch.
That lewd ribbald, with vile lust advanced, Laid first his filthy hands on virgin clean,
To spoil her dainty corse so fair and sheen FAIRY QUEEN.
Your ribauld nag of Egypt, The breeze upon her, like a cow in June, Hoists sails, and flies SHAKESPEARE’S ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA.
The busy day, Wak’d by the lark, has rous’d the ribald crows, And dreaming night will hide our joys no longer. SHAKESPEARE.
Ne’er one sprig of laurel grac’d these ribbalds,
From flashing Bentley down to pidling Tibbalds. POPE.
TO RI’BROAST. v.n. [rib and roast.] To beat soundly. A burlesque word.
That done, he rises, humbly bows, And gives thanks for the princely blows; Departs not meanly proud, and boasting Of his magnificent ribroasting. BUTLER.
I have been pinched in flesh, and well ribroasted under my former masters; but I’m in now for skin and all. L’ESTRANGE.
RI’DDANCE. n.s. [from rid.]
1. Deliverance.
Deliverance from sudden death, riddance from all adversity, and the extent of saving mercy towards all men. HOOKER.
2. Disencumbrance; loss of something one is glad to lose.
I have too griev’d a heart To take a tedious leave: thus losers part. —— A gentle riddance. SHAKESPEARE’S MERCHANT OF VENICE.
By this, the cock had a good riddance of his rival. L’ESTRANGE.
3. Act of clearing away any encumbrances.
Those blossoms, and those dropping gums, That lie bestrown, unsightly and unsmooth, Ask riddance, if we mean to tread with ease. MILTON.
RI’DINGCOAT. n.s. [riding and coat.] A coat made to keep out weather.
When you carry your master’s ridingcoat in a journey, wrap your own in it. SWIFT’S DIRECTIONS TO THE GROOM.
RI’DINGHOOD. n.s. [riding and hood.] A hood used by women, when they travel, to bear off the rain.
The palliolum was like our ridinghood, and served both for a tunick and a coat. ARBUTHNOT ON COINS.
Good housewives all the winter’s rage despise,
Defended by the ridinghood’s disguise GAY.
right. interject. An expression of approbation.
Right, cries his lordship, for a rogue in need To have a taste, is insolence indeed: In me ’tis noble, suits my birth and state POPE.
ring. n.s. [hring, Saxon.]
1. A circle; an orbicular line.
In this habit Met I my father with his bleeding rings,
Their precious gems new lost SHAKESPEARE.
Bubbles of water, before they began to exhibit their colours to the naked eye, have appeared through a prism girded about with many parallel and horizontal rings. NEWTON.
2. A circle of gold or some other matter worn as an ornament.
A quarrel. —— About a hoop of gold, a paltry ring. SHAKESPEARE.
I have seen old Roman rings so very thick about, and with such large stones in them, that ’tis no wonder a fop should reckon them a little cumbersome in the summer. ADDISON.
3. A circle of metal to be held by.
The rings of iron, that on the doors were hung,
Sent out a jarring sound, and harshly rung. DRYDEN.
Some eagle got the ring of my box in his beak, with an intent to let it fall, and devour it. GULLIVER.
4. A circular course.
Chaste Diana, Goddess presiding o’er the rapid race, Place me, O place me in the dusty ring, Where youthful charioteers contend for glory. SMITH.
5. A circle made by persons standing round.
Make a ring about the corps of Cæsar, And let me shew you him, that made the will. SHAKESPEARE.
The Italians, perceiving themselves almost environed, cast themselves into a ring, and retired back into the city. HAYWARD.
Round my arbour a new ring they made, And footed it about the secret shade. DRYDEN.
6. A number of bells harmonically tuned.
A squirrel spends his little rage, In jumping round a rowling cage; The cage as either side turn’d up, Striking a ring of bells a-top. PRIOR.
7. The sound of bells or any other sonorous body.
Stop the holes of a hawk’s bell, it will make no ring, but a flat noise or rattle. BACON.
Hawks bells, that have holes, give a greater ring, than if the pellet did strike upon brass in the open air. BACON.
Sullen Moloch fled, Hath left in shadows dread His burning idol all of blackest hue; In vain with cymbals ring, They call the grisly king. MILTON.
8. A sound of any kind.
The king, full of confidence, as he had been victorious in battle, and had prevailed with his parliament, and had the ring of acclamations fresh in his ears, thought the rest of his reign should be but play
RIVA’LITY, rivalry. n.s.
[rivalitas, Lat. from rival.] Competition; emulation.
It is the privilege of posterity to set matters right between those antagonists, who, by their rivalry for greatness, divided a whole age. ADDISON.
RI’VER. n.s. [riviere, Fr. rivus, Lat.] A land current of water bigger than a brook.
It is a most beautiful country, being stored throughout with many goodly rivers, replenished with all sorts of fish. SPENSER.
The first of these rivers has been celebrated by the Latin poets for the gentleness of its course, as the other for its rapidity. ADDISON’S REMARKS ON ITALY.
To rob. v.a. [rober, old Fr. robbare, Italian.]
1. To deprive of any thing by unlawful force, or by secret theft; to plunder. To be robbed, according to the present use of the word, is to be injured by theft secret or violent; to rob, is to take away
by unlawful violence; and to steal, is to take away privately.
Is’t not enough to break into my garden, And, like a thief, to come to rob my grounds, But thou wilt brave me with these sawcy terms? SHAKESPEARE.
Our sins being ripe, there was no preventing of God’s justice from reaping that glory in our calamities, which we robbed him of in our prosperity KING CHARLES.
I have not here designed to rob him of any part of that commendation, which he has so justly acquired from the whole author, whose fragments only fall to my portion. DRYDEN.
The water nymphs lament their empty urns, Bœotia, robb’d of silver Dirce, mourns ADDISON.
2. To set free; to deprive of something bad. Ironical.
Our house is hell, and thou, a merry devil, Did’st rob it of some taste of tediousness. SHAKESPEARE.
3. To take away unlawfully.
Better be disdained of all, than fashion a carriage to rob love from any. SHAKESPEARE.
Procure, that the nourishment may not be
robbed and drawn away BACON’S NATURAL HISTORY.
Nor will I take from any man his due; But thus assuming all, he robs from you DRYDEN.
Oh double sacrilege on things divine, To rob the relick, and deface the shrine! DRYDEN.
ROBE’RSMAN, ROBERTSMAN. n.s. In the old statutes, a sort of bold and stout robbers or night thieves, said to be so called from Robinhood, a famous robber.
RO’CKET. n.s. [rochetto, Italian.] An artificial firework, being a cylindrical case of paper filled with nitre, charcoal, and sulphur, and which mounts in the air to a considerable height, and there bursts.
Every rocket ended in a constellation, strowing the air with a shower of silver spangles. ADDISON.
When bonefires blaze, your vagrant works shall rise In rockets, till they reach the wond’ring skies. GARTH.
RO’GUY. adj. [from rogue.] Knavish;
wanton. A bad word. A shepherd’s boy had gotten a roguy trick of crying a wolf, and fooling the country with false alarms. L’ESTRANGE.
ROI’STER, or roisterer. n.s. [from the verb.] A turbulent, brutal, lawless, blustering fellow.
RO’LLER. n.s. [rouleau, Fr. from roll.]
1. Any thing turning on its own axis, as a heavy stone to level walks.
When a man tumbles a roller down a hill, the man is the violent enforcer of the first motion; but when it is once tumbling, the property of the thing itself continues it. HAMMOND.
The long slender worms, that breed between the skin and flesh in the isle of Ormuz and in India, are generally twisted out upon sticks or rollers. RAY ON THE CREATION.
They make the string of the pole horizontal towards the lathe, conveying and guiding the string from the pole to the work, by throwing it over a roller. MOXON’S MECHANICAL EXERCISES.
Lady Charlotte, like a stroller, Sits mounted on the garden roller. SWIFT’S MISCELLANIES.
2. Bandage; fillet.
Fasten not your roller by tying a knot, lest you hurt your patient WISEMAN’S SURGERY.
Bandage being chiefly to maintain the due situation of a dressing, surgeons always turn a roller with that view. SHARP.
ROLLYPOOLY. n.s. A sort of game, in which, when a ball rolls into a certain place, it wins. A corruption of roll ball into the pool Let us begin some diversion; what d’ye think of roulypouly or a country dance? ARBUTHNOT’S HISTORY OF JOHN BULL.
ROMA’NCE. n.s. [roman, Fr. romanza, Italian.]
1. A military fable of the middle ages; a tale of wild adventures in war and love.
What resounds In fable or romance of Uther’s son MILTON.
A brave romance who would exactly frame, First brings his knight from some immortal dame. WALLER.
Some romances entertain the genius; and strengthen it by the noble ideas which they give of things; but they corrupt the truth of history. DRYDEN’S DUFRESNOY.
2. A lie; a fiction. In common speech.
ROMA’NCER. n.s. [from romance.] A lier; a forger of tales.
The allusion of the daw extends to all impostors, vain pretenders, and romancers. L’ESTRANGE.
Shall we, cries one, permit This leud romancer, and his bantering wit. TATE’S JUVENAL.
ROMA’NTICK. adj. [from romance.]
1. Resembling the tales of romances; wild.
Philosophers have maintained opinions, more absurd than any of the most fabulous poets or romantick writers. KEIL.
Zeal for the good of one’s country a party of men have represented, as chimerical and romantick. ADDISON.
2. Improbable; false.
3. Fanciful; full of wild scenery.
The dun umbrage, o’er the falling stream, Romantick hangs. THOMSON’S SPRING.
ROMP. n.s.
1. A rude, awkward, boisterous, untaught girl.
She was in the due mean between one of your affected courtesying pieces of formality, and your romps that have no regard to the common rules of civility. ARBUTHNOT.
2. Rough rude play.
Romp loving miss Is haul’d about in gallantry robust THOMSON.
roomage. n.s. [from room.] Space; place.
Man, of all sensible creatures, has the fullest brain to his proportion, for the lodging of the intellective faculties: it must be a silent character of hope, when there is good store of roomage and receipt, where those powers are stowed. WOTTON.
ROO’MINESS. n.s. [from roomy.] Space; quantity of extent.
RO’PEDANCER. n.s. [rope and dancer.] An artist who dances on a rope.
Salvian, amongst other publick shews, mentions the Petaminarii; probably derived from the Greek 
which signifies to fly, and may refer to such kind of ropedancers. WILKINS’S MATHEMATICAL MAGICK.
Statius, posted on the highest of the two summits, the people regarded with the same terror, as they look upon a daring ropedancer, whom they expect to fall every moment. ADDISON’S GUARDIAN.
Nic bounced up with a spring equal to that of one of your nimblest tumblers or ropedancers, and fell foul upon John Bull, to snatch the cudgel he had in his hand. ARBUTHNOT.
RO’STRATED. adj. [rostratus, Lat.] Adorned with beaks of ships.
He brought to Italy an hundred and ten rostrated gallies of the fleet of Mithridates. ARBUTHNOT.
RO’TGUT. n.s. [rot and gut.] Bad beer.
They overwhelm their panch daily with a kind of flat rotgut, we with a bitter dreggish small liquor. HARVEY.
ROTU’NDIFOLIOUS. adj. [rotundus and folium, Lat.] Having round leaves.
RO’VER. n.s. [from rove.]
1. A wanderer; a ranger.
2. A fickle inconstant man.
3. A robber; a pirate.
This is the case of rovers by land, as some cantons in Arabia. BACON’S HOLY WAR.
4. At ROVERS. Without any particular aim.
Nature shoots not at rovers: even inanimates, though they know not their perfection, yet are they not carried on by a blind unguided impetus; but that, which directs them, knows it GLANVILL’S SCEPSIS SCIENTIFICA.
Providence never shoots at rovers: there is an arrow that flies by night as well as by day, and God is the person that shoots it. SOUTH’S SERMONS.
Men of great reading show their talents on the meanest subjects; this is a kind of shooting at rovers. ADDISON.
TO ROU’GHWORK. v.a. [rough and work.] To work coarsely over without the least nicety.
Thus you must continue, till you have roughwrought all your work from end to end
MOXON’S MECHANICAL EXERCISES.
ROU’NDABOUT. adj. [This word is used as an adjective, though it is only an adverb united to a substantive by a colloquial license of language, which ought not to have been admitted into books.]
1. Ample; extensive.
Those sincerely follow reason, but for want of having large, sound, roundabout sense, have not a full view of all that relates to the question LOCKE ON UNDERSTANDING.
2. Indirect; loose.
Paraphrase is a roundabout way of translating, invented to help the barrenness, which translators, overlooking in themselves, have apprehended in our tongue. FELTON.
ROU’NDHOUSE. n.s. [round and house.] The constable’s prison, in which disorderly persons, found in the street, are confined.
They march’d to some fam’d roundhouse. POPE.
RU’BRICK. n.s. [rubrique, Fr. rubrica, Lat.] Directions printed in books of law and in prayer books; so termed, because they were originally distinguished by being in red ink.
No date prefix’d, Directs me in the starry rubrick set. MILTON’S PARADISE REGAIN’D.
They had their particular prayers according to the several days and months; and their tables or rubricks to instruct them. STILLINGFLEET.
RUDIME’NTAL. adj. [from rudi-ment.] Initial; relating to first principles.
Your first rudimental essays in spectator
ship were made in my shop, where you often practised for hours SPECTATOR.
RU’FFIAN. n.s. [ruffiano, Italian; ruffien, Fr. a bawd; roffver, Danish, to pillage; perhaps it may be best derived from rough.] A brutal, boisterous, mischievous fellow; a cut-throat; a robber; a murderer.
Ruffian, let go that rude uncivil touch, Thou friend of an ill fashion! SHAKESPEARE’S TWO GENTLEMEN OF VERONA.
Have you a ruffian that will swear? drink? dance?
Revel the night? rob? murder? SHAKESPEARE’S HENRY IV.
Sir Ralph Vane’s bold answers termed rude and ruffian like, falling into ears apt to take offence, furthered his condemnation HAYWARD.
The boasted ancestors of these great men, Whose virtues you admire, were all such ruffians,
This dread of nations, this almighty Rome, That comprehends in her wide empire’s bounds All under heaven, was founded on a rape ADDISON’S CATO.
RUGO’SE. adj. [rugosus, Lat.] Full of wrinkles.
It is a relaxation of the sphincter to such a degree, that the internal rugose coat of the intestine turneth out, and beareth down. WISEMAN’S SURGERY.
RU’MMER. n.s. [roemer, Dutch.] A glass; a drinking cup.
Imperial Rhine bestow’d the generous rummer. PHILIPS.
RU’MOURER. n.s. [from rumour.] Reporter; spreader of news.
A slave Reports, the Volscians, with two several powers, Are entered into the Roman territories. —— Go see this rumourer whipt: it cannot be. SHAKESPEARE.
RU’NAGATE. n.s. [corrupted from renegat, Fr.] A fugitive; rebel; apostate.
The wretch compel’d, a runagate became, And learn’d what ill a miser state doth breed. SIDNEY.
God bringeth the prisoners out of captivity; but letteth the runagates continue in scarceness. BIBLE PSALMS, LXVIII. 6.
I dedicate myself to your sweet pleasure, More noble than that runagate to your bed. SHAKESPEARE.
As Cain, after he had slain Abel, had no certain abiding; so the Jews, after they had crucified the son of God, became runagates. RALEIGH’S HISTORY OF THE WORLD.
RU’NNET. n.s. [gerunnen, Saxon, coagulated.] A liquor made by steeping the stomach of a calf in hot water, and used to coagulate milk for curds and cheese. It is sometimes written rennet
The milk of the fig hath the quality of runnet to gather cheese BACON’S NATURAL HISTORY.
It coagulates the blood, as runnet turns milk. more.
The milk in the stomach of calves, coagulated by the runnet, is rendered fluid by the gall in the duodenum. ARBUTHNOT.
ruse. n.s. [French.] Cunning; artifice; little stratagem; trick; wile; fraud; deceit. A French word neither elegant nor necessary.
I might here add much concerning the wiles and ruses, which these timid creatures use to save themselves. RAY.
rush-candle. n.s. [rush and candle.] A small blinking taper, made by stripping a rush, except one small stripe of the bark which holds the pith
together, and dipping it in tallow.
Be it moon or sun, or what you please;
And if you please to call it a rush-candle, Henceforth it shall be so for me. SHAKESPEARE.
If your influence be quite dam’d up With black usurping mists, some gentle taper, Though a rush-candle from the wicker hole Of some clay habitation, visit us MILTON.
RU’STICK. adj. [rusticus, Lat.]
1. Rural; country.
By Lelius willing missing was the odds of the Iberian side, and continued so in the next by the excellent running of a knight, though fostered so by the muses, as many times the very rustick people left both their delights and profits to harken to his songs. SIDNEY, B. II.
2. Rude; untaught; inelegant.
An ignorant clown cannot learn fine language or a courtly behaviour, when his rustick airs have grown up with him till the age of forty. WATTS’S LOGICK.
3. Brutal; savage.
My soul foreboded I should find the bow’r Of some fell monster, fierce with barb’rous pow’r; Some rustick wretch, who liv’d in heav’n’s despight, Contemning laws, and trampling on the right. POPE.
4. Artless; honest; simple.
5. Plain; unadorned.
An altar stood, rustick, of grassy sord MILTON.
With unguents smooth the polish’d marble shone,
Where ancient Neleus sat, a rustick throne. POPE.
RU’STICK. n.s. A clown; a swain; an inhabitant of the country.
As nothing is so rude and insolent as a wealthy rustick, all this his kindness is overlooked, and his person most unworthily railed at. SOUTH.