Footnotes


Chapter One: Baptism of Fire

fn1. Thomas Flatman, On the Death of the Illustrious Prince Rupert, A Pindarique Ode, (London: 1683) p. 2.

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fn2. Prince Rupert’s life story, probably written by his secretary, Colonel Bennet, quoted in Eliot Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert and the Cavaliers, Vol.1 (London: 1849) p. 447.

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fn3. Sir John Harington, Nugae Antiquae, vol. III (London: 1779) p. 156

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fn4. Ibid., vol. II, p. 237

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fn5. Ibid., pp. 239-40

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fn6. A. Le Fere de la Boderie, Ambassades (Paris: 1750), quoted in Carola Oman, The Winter Queen (London: 1938) p. 36

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fn7. Sir Walter Raleigh, Works vol.VIII, p. 234, quoted in Oman, The Winter Queen, p. 51

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fn8. The Spanish ambassador, Don Pedro Zuniga, to the King of Spain, 2 August 1612, quoted in M. A. Everett-Green, Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, (London: 1909) p. 28.

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fn9. James Medlus, ‘and one of his Majesties Chaplaines’, A Sermon, Preached before the two high borne and illustrious Princes, Fredericke the 5 Prince Elector Palatine, Duke of Bavaria. And the Princesse Lady ElizabethTogether with a short narration of the Prince Elector’s greatness, his Country …, (London: 1613) pp. 57-8.

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fn10. From p. 3 of ‘The Epistle to the Reader’ introducing A Full Declaration of the Faith and Ceremonies professed in the Dominions of the most Illustrious and noble Prince Fredericke 5, Prince, Elector Palatine, trans. John Rolte (London: 1614).

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fn11. A Vow of Teares, For the losse of Prince Henry, pp. iv-v of the Epistle Dedicatory by E. C., ‘publike Preacher’ to Bristol (London: 1612).

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fn12. Nichols, The Progresses, p. 464, quoted in Brennan C. Pursell, The Winter King (London: 2003) p. 18.

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fn13. Quoted in Pursell, The Winter King, p. 18.

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fn14. Journal of Sir Roger Wilbraham, quoted in The Camden Miscellany, vol. 10 (London: 1902) p. 110.

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fn15. Gardiner History, vol. II, p. 160 [quoted in ‘The Camden Miscellany’, vol. 10, p. 110 (London: 1902).

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fn16. John Beale, A SermonTogether with a short narration of the Prince Elector’s greatness, his Country, his receiving of her Hi ghnesse, (London: 1613) pp. 65-6.

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fn17. Letter of Doncaster to Naunton, 30 May/9 June 1619, in S. R. Gardiner, Letters and other Documents, vol. I, (London: 1865) p. 107

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fn18. A Briefe Description of the reasons that make the Declaration of the Ban made against the King of Bohemia, as being Elector Palataine, Dated the 22 of Januarie last past, of no value nor worth …, published by Arthur Meuris (London: 1621) p. 13.

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fn19. Letter from Prince Frederick Henry to James I, quoted in Elizabeth Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, (London: 1909) p. 35.

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fn20. Nathaniel Butter and Nicholas Bourne, The Swedish Intelligencer, ‘the third and fourth parts’, (London: 1633) p. 171.

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fn21. Newes from Sea, concerning Prince Rupert, Capt. Plunket, Capt. Munckel, And Others, printed by J. C. (London: 1650).

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fn22. Caricatures of the Winter King (Oxford: 1928), quoted in Gerhard Benecke, Germany in the Thirty Years’ War (London: 1978).

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Chapter Two: Childhood

fn1. Frederick to Elizabeth, 20/30 August 1622, in A Collection of Original Royal Letters, ed. Sir George Bromley (London: 1787) p. 16.

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fn2. John Evelyn’s Diary, 29 July 1641.

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fn3. Frederick Henry to Charles Louis, quoted in Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, p. 30.

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fn4. Frederick to Elizabeth, from The Hague, 30 September 1622, in A Collection of Original Royal Letters, p. 21.

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fn5. Sophie, Electress of Hanover to Charles Louis, Elector Palatine, 13 July 1667, in the French translation of Briefwechsel der Herzogin Sophie von Hannover mit ihrem Bruder, dem Kurfuersten Karl Ludwig von der Pfalz, ed. Eduard Bodemann (Leipzig: 1885) p. 121.

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fn6. Electress Sophie, quoted in Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, p. 42.

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fn7. Elector Frederick V’s instruction to Madame de Plessen, quoted in Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, p. 44.

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fn8. Princess Sophie’s recollections, quoted in Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, p. 55.

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fn9. Ibid.

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fn10. Quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert vol. I, p. 44.

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fn11. Elizabeth of Bohemia to Sir Thomas Rowe, quoted in Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, p. 49.

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fn12. Frederick Henry to James I, quoted in Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, p. 44.

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fn13. Frederick V to Charles I, 10/20 January 1629, PRO, SP, 81/35, f. 125, quoted in Pursell, The Winter King, p. 261.

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fn14. Frederick V to Charles I, quoted in Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, p. 49.

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fn15. Carlisle to Nethersole, 6/16 March 1627, Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Munich, Kasten Blau, 122/21, quoted in Pursell, The Winter King, p. 257.

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fn16. Frederick to Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, 7/17 May 1632, in A Collection of Original Royal Letters, p. 38.

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fn17. Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, to Charles I, 24 December 1624, in L. M. Baker (ed.), Letters of Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, (London: 1953) p. 86.

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fn18. Nathaniel Butter and Nicholas Bourne, The Swedish Intelligencer, ‘the third and fourth parts’, pp. 173-4.

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fn19. Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, to Charles I, 24 December 1624, in Baker, Letters of Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, p. 86.

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Chapter Three: Boy Soldier

fn1. Letter of Salvius to the Riksrad of Hamburg, May 1631, in Benecke, Germany in the Thirty Years’ War, p. 35

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fn2. Diary of William Crowne, Gent., quoted in Benecke, Germany in the Thirty Years’ War, p. 99.

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fn3. Elizabeth of Bohemia, quoted in Maurice Ashley, Rupert of the Rhine, (London: 1976) p. 10.

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fn4. Lansdowne MSS 817, f.157, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. I, p. 50.

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fn5. Charles Louis to Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, 16/26 September 1632, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 62.

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fn6. Charles I to Robert, Earl of Leicester, April 1638, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 65.

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fn7. Harl. MSS 6988.88: Charles I to Prince Maurice, 4 July 1643, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 68.

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fn8. Elizabeth of Bohemia to Sir Henry Vane, Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, Charles I, 1635-6, pp. 206-7.

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fn9. Sir Thomas Roe to Elizabeth of Bohemia, Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, Charles I, 1636-7, p. 71.

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fn10. Thomas Carew’s poem, in Poems (Oxford: 1949) p. 77; quoted in C. V. Wedgwood, The King’s Peace, (London: 1955).

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fn11. Martin Parker, A True Tale of Robin Hood, stanza 116 (London: 1632).

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fn12. Earl of Clarendon, History of the Rebellion, vol. I (of VI) (Oxford: 1732) p. 74.

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fn13. Prince Charles Louis to Elizabeth of Bohemia, from Oatlands, 22 September 1636, in A Collection of Original Royal Letters, p. 83.

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fn14. Archbishop Laud, Works, vol. V, p. 150.

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fn15. Sophie, Electress of Hanover, Memoires et Lettres de Voyage, ed. Dirk Van der Cruysse (Paris: 1990) p. 43.

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fn16. Mr Boothby, King’s Collection of Pamphlets, BL 266.17, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, pp. 59-60.

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fn17. Elizabeth of Bohemia, quoted in W. G. Perrin, The Autobiography of Phineas Pett, (1918) pp. 162-3.

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fn18. Sir Thomas Roe to Elizabeth of Bohemia, Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, Charles I, 1637, p. xxvi.

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fn19. Prince Charles Louis to Elizabeth of Bohemia, from Whitehall, 24 May 1637, in A Collection of Original Royal Letters, p. 86.

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fn20. Calendar of State Papers Domestic Series, Charles I, 1637, p. 82.

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Chapter Four: Prisoner of War

fn1. Bernard Fergusson, Rupert of the Rhine, (London: 1953) p. 19.

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fn2. Prince Rupert’s life story, probably written by Colonel Bennet, the prince’s secretary, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. I, p. 453.

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fn3. Quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 90.

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fn4. Pyne’s MS, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 90.

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fn5. Elizabeth of Bohemia, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 91.

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fn6. BL E 21 (24): London Post, No. 16, (London: 17 December 1644) pp. 2-3.

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fn7. Prince Rupert His Declaration, (Oxford: 1642) p. 5.

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fn8. Bennet MSS, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 93.

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fn9. Quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 96.

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fn10. Bennet MSS, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 97.

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fn11. Charles Louis to Elizabeth of Bohemia, 17 December 1638, quoted in A Collection of Original Royal Letters, p. 103.

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fn12. Letter of Countess de Lowenstein, from The Fairfax Correspondence, vol. I, p. 322, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 98.

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fn13. Sophie, Electress of Hanover, Memoires et Lettres de Voyage, p. 40.

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Chapter Five: To His Uncle’s Aid

fn1. BL E 164 (i I): A Revelation of Mr Brigtmans Revelation anon., 1641, p. 11.

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fn2. BL E 18 (8): A Prophecie of the Life, Reigne, and Death of William Laud, printed for R. A. (London: 1644) p. 2.

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fn3. The Holy Rebell, printed by Stephen Bulkeley (York: 1642).

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fn4. BL E 196 (7): The Lord Digbyes Speech In The House of Commons, (London: January 1641) p. 24.

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fn5. Memoirs of Prince Rupert, Warburton, vol. I, p. 241.

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fn6. BL E 60 (I): Sir Francis Bacon, Cases of Treason (London: 1641).

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fn7. Edward Symmons, A Military Sermon, preached at Shrewsbury, March 1644 (Oxford: 1644) p. 33.

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fn8. BL E 238 (24): Two Declarations of the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament, printed by R. O. and G. D. for Joseph Hunscott (London: 1642) p. 3.

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fn9. BL E 402: John Corbet, A true and impartial History of the Military Government of the City of Gloucester (London: 1647).

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fn10. The Devotions and Formes of Prayer, Daily Used in the King of Sweden’s Army, printed for Nathaniel Butter and Nicholas Bourne (London: 1632) p. 1.

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fn11. A Collection of Original Royal Letters, p. 67.

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fn12. Prince Rupert His Declaration, p. 5.

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fn13. BL E 121 (10): Prince Robert’s Message to my Lord of Essex, printed for Thomas Banks (London: 6 October 1642) p. 5.

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fn14. BL E 238 (22): Some Speciall Passages from Westminster, London, Yorke, and other parts, No. 7, anon. (London: July 1642) p. 8.

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fn15. John Cruso, Militarie Instructions for the Cavallrie: or Rules and Directions for the Service of Horse, Rectified and Supplied, According to the Present Practice of the Low-Country Wars, (Cambridge: 1632) p. 1.

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fn16. Ibid., pp. 3-4.

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fn17. Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. III (of VI), p. 2.

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fn18. Ibid.

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fn19. BL E 48 (8): John Vernon, The Young Horse-man, or The Honest Plain-dealing Cavalier, (London: 1644) p. 10.

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fn20. Quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 383.

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fn21. Mas. 52, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 389.

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fn22. Clarendon, quoted in Mark Bence-Jones, The Cavaliers (London: 1976).

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fn23. Rupert to the Mayor of Leicester, 6 September 1642, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 394.

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fn24. Charles to the Mayor and Aldermen of Leicester, written from Nottingham, 8 September 1642, quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 395.

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fn25. An exact description of Prince Rupert’s Malignant She-Monkey, a great Delinquent …, quoted in Patrick Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, (London: 1976) p. 406.

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fn26. BL E 383 (5): The Character of a Cavalier, with his Brother Separatist, printed for W. H. (London: 1647) p. 3.

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fn27. ‘Propositions and Orders of both Houses for bringing in Money and Plate for maintaining Horse, &c.’, quoted in Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. II (of VI), p. 649.

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fn28. BL E 112 (39): Being Comfortable Tydings for Both Houses of Parliament: Exceeding Joyful Newes from the Prince, anon. (London: 19 August 1642).

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fn29. BL E 99 (I4): The Bloody Prince, or a Declaration of the Most Cruell Practises of Prince Rupert, I. W. (London: 1643) pp. 26-7.

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fn30. Henry Peacham, The Compleat Gentleman (London: 1622) p. 10.

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fn31. BL E 90 (4): A Warning-Piece To all His Majesties Subjects of England, anon. (Oxford: February 1643) p. 4.

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fn32. BL E 1186 (7): The Cavaliers Catechism, printed for Richard Burton (London: 1647) p. 3.

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fn33. Robert Plot, The Natural History of Staffordshire, (Oxford: 1686).

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fn34. Prince Rupert’s Disguises, anon. (London: 1643).

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fn35. John Taylor the Water Poet, All the Workes (London: 1630).

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fn36. BL E 121 (I0): Prince Robert’s Message to My Lord of Essex, pp. 4-5.

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fn37. BL E 402: John Corbet, A True and Impartial History of the Military Government of the City of Gloucester, p. 12.

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fn38. BL E 121 (26): True, But Sad and Dolefull Newes from Shrewsbury … anon. (London: 10 October 1642) p. 4.

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fn39. BL E 121 (22): A Letter Sent from the Lord Falkland unto the Rt Hon Henry, Earl of Cumberland (London: 7 October 1642).

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fn40. BL E 121 (26): op. cit., p. 5.

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fn41. Ibid., p. 7.

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fn42. BL E 402: op. cit., (London: 1647) p. 13.

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fn43. Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. III (of VI), p. 26.

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Chapter Six: Edgehill

fn1. Thomas Sprat, Lord Bishop of Rochester, The History of the Royal Society of London, For the Improving of Natural Knowledge (London: 1680) p. 73.

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fn2. BL E 117 (6): A Letter written from the Right Honorable the Earle of Bedford, to a Lord of the House of Peeres, printed for Hugh Perry (London: is September 1642) p. 2.

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fn3. BL E 121 (12): True Intelligence and Joyfull Newes from Ludlow, printed for Thomas Rider (London: 6 October 1642) p. 2.

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fn4. Thomas More, Utopia, from Complete Works, vol. 4, ed. Edward Surtz (New Haven: 1965) p. 64.

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fn5. BL E 117 (7): The Resolution of the Gentry and Commonalty in the County of Nottingham …, printed for Henry Fowler (15 September 1642) p. 3.

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fn6. BL E I 2 I (19): A Worthy Speech Spoken to the King’s most Excellent Majesty by the Recorder of Hereford, printed for Henry Hutton (London: 7 October 1642).

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fn7. BL E 117 (8): A Discourse upon the Questions in Debate between the King and Parliament, anon. (September 1642) p. 19.

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fn8. BL E 121 (16): A true Coppy of the Instructions agreed upon by the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament and sent to his Excellency the Earl of Essex, printed for Fr. Coles (London: 4 October 1642).

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fn9. BL ADD MS 6208 5A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, vol. V, p. 121.

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fn10. Quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. II, p. 12.

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fn11. Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. II (of VI), p. 673.

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fn12. Ibid., vol. III (of VI), p. 43.

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fn13. Quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 20.

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fn14. William Ranson, vicar of Barton, A Sermon preached in the Metropoliticall Church of York, upon the 19 Day of May …, (York: May 1644) p. 7.

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fn15. Sir Richard Bulstrode, Memoirs and Reflections upon the Reign and Government of Charles I and Charles II (London: 1720 p. 81.

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fn16. J. Vicars, Jehovah Jireh, God in the Mount (1644), p. 166, quoted in C. Scott, A. Turton, and Dr E. G. von Arni, Edgehill: The Battle Reinterpreted, p. 30.

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fn17. A Cavalry Officer, Cavalry Tactics (London: 1897) p. 31.

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fn18. Clarendon, vol. III (of VI), p. 48.

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fn19. Quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 21.

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fn20. Quoted in Bence-Jones, The Cavaliers, p. 40.

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fn21. J. Adair, By the Sword Divided (London: 2001) p. 15, quoted in Scott et al, Edgehill: The Battle Reinterpreted, p. 44.

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fn22. BL E 48 (8): Vernon, The Young Horse-man, or The Honest Plain-dealing Cavalier p. 3.

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fn23. Quoted in Warburton, vol. I, p. 426.

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fn24.Prince Rupert His Declaration’, p. 2.

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fn25. Quoted in Christopher Hill, God’s Englishman (London: 1970); pp. 64-5 and in Raymond South, ‘Royal Castle, Rebel Town’ (Birmingham: 1981) p.47.

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fn26. BL E 402: Corbet, A true and impartial History of the Military Government of the City of Gloucester, p. 13.

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Chapter Seven: The Curse of Parliament

fn1. BL E 123 (20): quoted in South, Royal Castle, Rebel Town, p. 31.

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fn2. BL E 127 (10): Exceeding Joyful News out of Surrey, Shewing the proceedings of Prince Robert and his mischievous Cavaliers, printed for John Johnson (London: 1642) p. 4.

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fn3. BL E 127 (12): Special Passages, anon. (November 1642) p. 119.

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fn4. Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. III (of VI), p. 80.

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fn5. BL E 121 (10): Prince Robert’s Message to my Lord of Essex, p. 6.

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fn6. BL E 127 (27): The Two Speeches of the Lord Wharton, Spoken in Guildhall, October 27 1642, printed for Samuel Gellibrand (London: 1642) final page.

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fn7. Prince Rupert His Declaration, p. 2.

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fn8. London’s Alacritie, printed for Thomas Lambert (London: 1643). Pamphlet on p. 8 of ‘Collection of Broadsides’, BL 74/1870 D 1 No. 8.

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fn9. BL E 127 (15): A true and perfect Relation of the chief Passages in Middlesex, printed for John Johnson (London: November 1642) pp. 4-6.

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fn10. His Majestie’s Speech Delivered the Twenty second of January 1643, at Oxford (Oxford: 1643) p. 3.

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fn11. Secretary Nicholas to Prince Rupert, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. II, p. 115.

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fn12. BL E 288.1 (3): Exchange Intelligencer, No. 4 anon. (London: June 1645) p. 28.

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fn13. BL ADD MS 62085A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, vol. V, p. 25.

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fn14. Prince Rupert’s Diary, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 169.

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fn15. King Charles to Prince Rupert, quoted in Warburton, vol. II. p. 168.

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fn16. BL ADD MS 18982: Rupert Correspondence, quoted in Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, p. 113.

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fn17. Ibid. pp. 113-4.

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fn18. BL ADD MS 6208 5A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, vol. V, p. 25 (obverse).

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fn19. Ibid.

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fn20. Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. III (of VI), p. 237.

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fn21. Bishop of Derry, A Sermon, preached in Yorke Minster, Before his Excellence the Marquess of Newcastle, Being then ready to meet the Scotch Army (York: 1643) p. 9.

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fn22. Cruso, Militarie Instructions for the Cavallrie, p. 89.

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fn23. His Highness Prince Rupert’s late beating up the Rebels’ quarters at Postcomb and Chinnor, p. 7, quoted in Morrah, pp. 117-8.

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fn24. BL E 402: Corbet, History of the Military Government of the City of Gloucester, p. 14.

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fn25. ‘Quip’ (aka Phil Barnes), ‘Unbeaten Tracks of the West’, 25 January 1938 (unpublished), quoted in ‘Forgotten Tales’, West Country Life, 2 July 2005, pp. 18-19.

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fn26. A True Relation of the Taking of Bristol, the Several Circumstances as it was sent in a letter by an eye-witness to the Governor at Oxford, July 30, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 264.

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fn27. Baron de Gomme, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, pp. 258-9.

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fn28. The Earl of Sunderland to his wife, 25 August 1643, from Gloucester, quoted in Charles Spencer, The Spencer Family (London: 1999), p. 44.

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fn29. Baron de Gomme, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 262.

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fn30. Colonel Nathaniel Fiennes, A Relation made to the House of Commons, 5 August 1643, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 267.

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fn31. BL ADD MS 6208 5A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, p. 7 [obverse]: King Charles to Prince Rupert, from Oxford, 28 July 1643.

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fn32. ‘Memoirs of Richard Atkyns’ in Military Memoirs: The Civil War, ed. Peter Young (1967), p. 28.

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fn33. Cleveland, aupertismus’, from Poems, ed. 168 1, p. 51.

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fn34. The Earl of Newcastle to Prince Rupert, from Lincoln, 7 August 1643.

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Chapter Eight: Faction Fighting

fn1. Memoirs of Sir Philip Warwick, p. 227, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. I, p. 367.

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fn2. Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. III (of VI), p. 43.

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fn3. Warburton, vol. II, p. 307.

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fn4. Clarendon, vol. II (of VI), p. 311.

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fn5. Ibid., p. 344.

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fn6. Ibid., vol. III (of VI), p. 385.

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fn7. Ibid., vol. I (of VI), p. 3.

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fn8. Bishop of Derry, A Sermon, preached in Yorke Minster, Before his Excellence the Marquess of Newcastle, p. 8.

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fn9. Clarendon, op. cit., vol. II (of VI), p. 426.

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fn10. Bellum Civile: Hopton’s Narrative of the Campaign in the West, p. 59, quoted in Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, p. 125.

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fn11. Clarendon, op. cit., vol. III (of VI), p. 309.

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fn12. Thomas Carte, An History of the Life of James, Duke of Ormonde, vol. VI, p. 277, quoted in Morrah, p. 404.

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fn13. Clarendon, op. cit., vol. III (of VI), pp. 198-9.

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fn14. The Ladies Parliament, quoted in Morrah, p. 403.

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fn15. Saunderson’s Charles the First, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 110.

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fn16. BL E 402 (4): Verses on the Siege of Gloucester and Colonel Massey (London: August 1647).

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fn17. Earl of Sunderland to his wife, 25 August 1643, from Gloucester, quoted in Spencer, The Spencer Family, p. 44.

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fn18. BL E 401 (12): The Declaration of General Massey and Colonel General Poyntz, (London: 1647) p. 2.

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fn19. Clarendon: Selections from ‘The History of the Rebellion’ and ‘The Life by Himself, ed. Gertrude Huehns, (Oxford: 1978) pp. 58-9.

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fn20. BL Clarendon MS: 1738, quoted in John Barratt, Cavalier Generals, (Barnsley: 2004) p. 125.

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fn21. Clarendon, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 306.

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fn22. The Best News That Ever Was PrintedPrince Rupert’s resolution to be gone to his Mother, who has sent for him, printed for I. A. (London: 1643), Thomason Tracts, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 148.

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fn23. A Nest of Perfidious Vipers, printed for G. Bishop, September 1644, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 118.

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fn24. An Answer to ‘Prince Rupert’s Declaration, 16 February 1643, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 125.

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fn25. BL E 160 (8): Calybute Downing, A Discoverie of the false Grounds the Bavarian party have layd, to settle their own Faction, and shake the Peace of the Empire, (London: 1641) p. 7.

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Chapter Nine: Rushing to Defeat

fn1. Carte, An History of the Life of James Duke of Ormonde, vol. V, pp. 520-1, quoted in Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, p. 133.

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fn2. Ranson, A Sermon preached in the Metropoliticall Church of York, upon the 19 Day of May …, p. 8.

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fn3. Prince Rupert’s Diary, quoted in Morrah, p. 136.

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fn4. Carte, An History of the Life of James Duke of Ormonde, vol. V, pp. 337-8, quoted in Barratt, Cavalier Generals, pp. 32-3.

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fn5. Baker’s Chronicle, 551, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. II, p. 395.

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fn6. The king to Prince Rupert, from Oxford, 25 March 1644, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, pp. 397-8.

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fn7. Clarendon, History of the Rebellion, vol. III (of VI), p. 466.

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fn8. The Marquess of Newcastle to Prince Rupert, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 397.

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fn9. BL ADD MS 62085A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, p. 11 (a).

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fn10. ‘The Tickenhill Letter’, Charles I to Prince Rupert, 15 June 1644.

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fn11. The king to Prince Rupert, probably 16 June 1644, quoted in Malcolm Wanklyn and Frank Jones, A Military History of the English Civil War (London: 2005) p. 179.

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fn12. The Countess of Derby, quoted in Warburton, vol. II, p. 429.

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fn13. Sir John Meldrum, quoted in Barratt, Cavalier Generals.

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fn14. Carte, An History of the Life of James Duke of Ormonde, vol. V, p. 15i, quoted in Morrah, p. 149.

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fn15. BL E 2: Simon Ash, A Continuation of True Intelligence from the English and Scottish Forces, in the North for the service of King and Parliament, and now beleaguering York, 16 June-10 July 1644, p. 2.

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fn16. Scottish Dove, No. 39,5-13 July 1644, p. 306.

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fn17. The Marquess of Newcastle to Prince Rupert, from York, 1 July 1644, Pythouse Papers, p. 19.

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fn18. BL E 2: op. cit., p. 3.

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fn19. Newcastle to Prince Rupert, quoted in Bence-Jones, The Cavaliers, p. 30.

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fn20. Cholmley’s Narrative: English Historical Review, vol. V, p. 348/

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fn21. Quoted in Maurice Ashley, England in the Seventeenth Century (London: 1952) 81.

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fn22. Cholmley’s Narrative: English Historical Review, vol. V, p. 348.

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fn23. BL E 2: op. cit., p. 5.

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fn24. Cholmley’s Narrative: English Historical Review, vol. V, p. 348.

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fn25. BL E 2: op. cit., p. 6.

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fn26. Mercurius Britannicus, Mon. 8 -Mon. 15 July 1644, p. 339.

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fn27. Scottish Dove, No. 39,5-13 July 1644, p. 308.

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fn28. BL E 2: op. cit., p. 7.

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fn29. Ibid. p. 8.

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fn30. Ibid. p. 7.

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fn31. Quoted in Bence-Jones, The Cavaliers, p. 59.

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fn32. BL E 3 (17): A Dogge’s Elegie, or Rupert’s Tears anon. (London: 27 July 1644) p. 5.

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fn33. Ibid., p. 3.

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Chapter Ten: Commander of the King’s Forces

fn1. True Informer, No. 38, 6-13 July 1644, p. 275.

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fn2. BL SLOANE MS 1519, Plut. XC.G: f.25, Charles I to George Goring (3 March 1644).

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fn3. Quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. II, p. 475.

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fn4. Ibid. vol. III, p. 8.

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fn5. Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. IV (of VI), p. 482.

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fn6. Ibid.

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fn7. Warburton, vol. III, p. 10 (fn).

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fn8. Charles I to Prince Rupert, from Boconnock, 30 August 1644, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 23.

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fn9. Lord Digby to Prince Rupert, from Exeter, 23 September 1644, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 26.

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fn10. Prince Rupert to Colonel Will Legge, from Bristol, 16 October 1644, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 28.

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fn11. BL E 18 (6): Parliament Scout, No. 73 (London: November 1644) p. 590.

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fn12. Prince Rupert’s Diary, 6 November 1644, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 31.

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fn13. Clarendon, vol. IV (of VI), p. 554.

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fn14. BL E 18 (7): Scottish Dove, No. 57, (November, 1644), p. 448.

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fn15. BL E 21 (25): Kingdomes Weekly Intelligencer, No. 85 (London: 17 December 1644).

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fn16. BL E 21 (23): Mercurius Britannicus, No. 61 (London: December 1644) p. 480.

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fn17. Ibid., p. 481.

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fn18. BL E 21 (24): London Post, No. 16, printed for G. B. (London: 17 December, 1644) p. 2.

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fn19. BL ADD MS 18982: Rupert Correspondence, 1645-1658, f. 386: Letter from Dudley Wyatt to Prince Rupert, from Shropshire, 5 January 1645.

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fn20. BL SLOANE MS 1519, Plut. XC.G: Original Letters, 1574-1667, f. 34: Sir John Byron to Prince Rupert, 3 April 1645, written from Chester.

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fn21. BL ADD MS 18982: Rupert Correspondence, 1645-1658, f. 706: Letter from Lorentz Gamb to Prince Maurice, 9 March 1645.

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fn22. BL E 21 (I5): Parliament Scout, No. 77, London: December 1640) p. 620.

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fn23. The Devotions and Formes of Prayer, Daily Used in the King of Sweden’s Army printed for Nathaniel Butter and Nicholas Bourne.

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fn24. Bishop of Derry, A Sermon, preached in York Minster, Before his Excellence the Marquess of Newcastle, Being then ready to meet the Scotch Army, p. 9.

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fn25. BL E 1238 (572): John Cook, Chief Justice of the Province of Munster, Monarchy No Creature of Gods Making, (Westminster: February 1650) p. 115.

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fn26. ‘Articles of War’, quoted in South, Royal Castle, Rebel Town, p. 52.

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fn27. BL E 288.2 (49): A Perfect Relation of the Taking of Leicester, Mercurius Britannicus, 16-23 June 1645).

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fn28. BL E 288.1 (4): A Perfect Relation of the Taking of Leicester pp. 2-3 printed for John Wright (London: 1645) pp. 2-3.

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fn29. Ellis’s Collection, vol. IV, p. 243, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 90.

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fn30. Prince Rupert to Will Legge, from Daventry, 8 June 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 100.

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fn31. BL E 288.1 (7) Moderate Intelligencer, No. 15, anon. (London: June 1645), p. 118.

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fn32. BL E 288.2 (22): A True Relation of a Victory obtained over the Kings Forces …, printed for Robert White (London: June 1645) p. 3.

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fn33. King’s Collection (E) No. 212, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 106.

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fn34. L E 288.2 (33): Weekly Account, anon. (London: 18 June 1645) p. 2.

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fn35. BL E 288.2 (26): An Ordinance of the Lords and Commons, printed for Edward Husband (London: 17 June 1645) p. 4.

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fn36. Ibid., p. 5.

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fn37. Ibid., p. 2.

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fn38. Vicars, Jehovah Jireh, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 108-9.

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fn39. Quoted in Bence-Jones The Cavaliers, p. 17.

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fn40. BL E 838 (19): A Modest Narrative of Intelligence, No. 16, (London: July 1649) p. 125.

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fn41. BL E 353 (3): Kingdomes Weekly Intelligencer, No. 163 (London: September 1646) p. 220.

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fn42. BL E 288.2 (26): op. cit., p. 4.

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fn43. Ibid., p. 3.

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fn44. Ibid., p. 5.

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fn45. Quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. III.

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Chapter Eleven: No Hope of Better Things

fn1. Prince Rupert to Colonel Legge, from Bewdley, 18 June 1645, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. III, pp. 119-21.

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fn2. BL E 21 (15): Parliament Scout, No. 77 (London: December 1644) p. 620.

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fn3. Lord Digby to Colonel Legge, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 125-8.

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fn4. Colonel Legge to Lord Digby, 3o June 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III. pp. 128-31.

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fn5. Quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 114.

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fn6. Quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 149; and in Wanklyn and Jones, A Military History of the English Civil War, p. 259.

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fn7. Charles I to Prince Rupert, Historical Collections, vol. VI, p. 132, ed. J. Rushworth (1721). Also: Part History, p. 95, quoted in Wanklyn and Jones, op. cit., p. 260.

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fn8. Prince Rupert to Colonel Legge, from Bristol, 28 July 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 151.

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fn9. Charles I to Prince Rupert, from Cardiff, 4 August 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 152.

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fn10. Prince Rupert to Colonel Legge, from Bristol, 29 July 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 156.

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fn11. BL E 264 (3): Perfect Occurrences of Parliament, No. 37, printed by Jane Coe (London: August 1645) p. 4.

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fn12. Ibid.

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fn13. Sir John Oglander, A Royalist’s Notebook, ed. Francis Bamford (London: 1936) p. 118.

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fn14. Warburton, vol. III, p. 63.

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fn15. A Declaration of His Highness Prince Rupert, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 169.

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fn16. Ibid.

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fn17. BL E 264 (8): A Diary, or an Exact Journall, Faithfully communicating the most remarkable proceedings of both Houses of Parliament, No. 68, printed for Mathew Walbancke (London: September 1645) p.5.

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fn18. BL E 264 (7): Perfect Passages of Each Dayes Proceedings in Parliament, (London: September 1645) p. 358.

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fn19. BL E 264 (8): op. cit., p. 4.

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fn20. BL E 264 (13): Perfect Occurrences of Parliament, No. 38, (London: 1645) ‘A Letter from Sir Thomas Fairfax’s Quarters’, p. 6.

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fn21. Sir Thomas Fairfax’s Summons, 4 September 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 173.

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fn22. Ibid., p. 174.

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fn23. BL E 264 (13): op. cit, pp. 6-7.

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fn24. BL E 264 (16): A Diary, or an Exact Journall, Faithfully communicating the most remarkable proceedings of both Houses of Parliament, No. 69, printed for Mathew Walbancke (London: September 1645) p. 4.

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fn25. BL E (King’s College Pamphlet 226, No. 3), quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 181.

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fn26. Moderate Intelligencer, 12 September 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 182-3.

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fn27. Nicholas Papers, vol. I, p. 65, quoted in Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, pp. 195-6.

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Chapter Twelve: A Matter of Honour

fn1. Moderate Intelligencer, 12 September 1645, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. III, p. 182.

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fn2. Notes to Prince Rupert’s Diary quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 193-4.

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fn3. Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. IV (of VI), pp. 694-5.

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fn4. Perfect Passages of Each Dayes Proceedings in Parliament, 22 September 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 183-4.

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fn5. Prince Rupert to Charles I, September 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 187.

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fn6. Clarendon, vol. IV (of VI), p. 715.

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fn7. Memoirs of John Evelyn, 1641 to 1705-6, vol. II ed. William Bray (London: 1819) p. 169.

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fn8. Prince Rupert’s Diary quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 194.

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fn9. BL E 307 (3): Colonel Rossiter, A Letter Concerning a great Victory obtained by Colonel Rossiter, against Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice, neer Belvoyr Castle in Leicestershire, (London: October 1645) p. 6,

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fn10. Prince Rupert’s Diary, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 194.

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fn11. Ibid. p. 195.

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fn12. Mercurius Britannicus, 10 November 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 200.

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fn13. BL E 266 1 (I7): Perfect Occurrences of Parliament (14 November 1645) p. 2.

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fn14. Oglander, A Royalist’s Notebook, p. 117.

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fn15. Quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 201.

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fn16. Newark Court Martial’s verdict, 21 October 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 202.

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fn17. Sir Edward Walker, p. 149, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 204.

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fn18. Ibid.

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fn19. Memoirs of John Evelyn, vol. II, p. 110.

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fn20. Quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 205.

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fn21. BL E 313 (29): The Humble Desires of Prince Rupert, Prince Maurice, and others their Adherents, To the Kings most Excellent Majestie; To Be tried at a Counsell of War, printed for Edward Husband, Printer to the Honourable House of Commons (London: December 1645) pp. 3-5.

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fn22. Clarendon State Papers MSS, Bodleian, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 207.

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fn23. BL E 313 (I): Scottish Dove, No. 113 (10-17 December 1645) p. 891.

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fn24. Princess Elizabeth to Rene Descartes, winter of 1645, quoted in Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, p. 151.

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fn25. Colonel Henry Osborne to Prince Rupert, 1 November 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 209.

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fn26. BL E 313 (3): Moderate Intelligencer, No. 41 (London: i i—i8 December 1645) p. 224.

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fn27. Colonel Will Legge to Prince Rupert, 21 November 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 211-2.

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fn28. Colonel Will Legge to Prince Rupert, 26 November 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 212.

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fn29. BL E 313 (3): op. cit.

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fn30. The Earl of Dorset to Prince Rupert, 25 December 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 213.

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fn31. The Elector Palatine to Elizabeth of Bohemia, 9 January 1646, in A Collection of Original Royal Letters, p. 136.

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fn32. Prince Rupert’s Diary, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 196.

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fn33. BL E 313 (3): op. cit. p. 225.

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fn34. BL E 307 (2): A Looking-Glasse for the Popish Garrisons, W. W. (London: 24 October 1645) p. 2.

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fn35. Oglander, A Royalist’s Notebook, p. 117.

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fn36. BL SLOANE MS 1519, Plut. XC.G: Original Letters, 1574-1667,1.64, Commissary Henry Ireton to Sir Thomas Fairfax, 25 April 1645.

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fn37. Prince Rupert’s Diary, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 196.

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fn38. Ibid. pp. 196-7.

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fn39. John Rushworth, Historical Collections, Part IV, vol. I, (1659-1701) pp. 280-1.

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fn40. BL SLOANE MS 1519, Plut. XC.G: Original Letters, 1574-1667, f. 64, Prince Rupert to Sir Thomas Fairfax, 9 May 1645.

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fn41. Scottish Dove, July 1646, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 230.

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fn42. BL E 266 (I): Perfect Occurrences of Parliament (14 November 1645) p. 3.

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fn43. BL ADD MS 6208 5A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, vol. V, p. 120 (over page).

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Chapter Thirteen: French General

fn1. Charles Louis to Elizabeth of Bohemia, 10 July 1646, quoted in Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, pp. 158-9.

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fn2. BL ADD MS 6208 5A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, vol. V, p. 120 (over page).

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fn3. Ibid.

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fn4. BL E 383 (8): Moderate Intelligencer (London: April 1647) p. 994.

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fn5. BL E 372: Mercurius Diutinus (London: 27 January 1647) p. 67.

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fn6. Prince Rupert to Sir John Owen, from Paris, 10 April 1647, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. III, p. 237.

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fn7. BL E 372 (15): Moderate Intelligencer (London: January 1646) pp. 875-6.

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fn8. BL ADD MS 6208 5A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, vol. V, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 238.

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fn9. Ibid.

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fn10. Ibid., p. 239.

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fn11. Prince Rupert’s Diary, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 240-1.

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fn12. BL E 401 (34): Moderate Intelligencer (London: August 1647) p. 1209.

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fn13. Ibid.

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fn14. BL E 372: Mercurius Diutinus, (London: January 1647) p. 67.

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fn15. BL E 401 (34): Moderate Intelligencer (London: August 1647) p. 1208.

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fn16. Hamilton Papers, p. 178.

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Chapter Fourteen: General at Sea

fn1. BL E 400 (14): The Lamentation of the Ruling Lay-Elders (July 1647) p. 7.

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fn2. BL E 1186 (7): The Cavaliers Catechism, printed for Richard Burton (London: January 1647).

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fn3. BL E 423 (I I): Heads of Chicle Passages in Parliament, anon. (London: January 1648) p. 9.

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fn4. BL E 423 OW: Moderate Intelligencer, No. 148 (London: January 1648).

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fn5. BL E 423 (20: Mercurius Pragmaticus, No. 19, verse 4.

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fn6. Prince Rupert to Charles I, September 1645, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. III, p. 188.

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fn7. Hamilton Papers, p. 234.

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fn8. BL E 452 (33): A Declaration of the Lords and Commons Assembled in Parliament: Concerning the reducing of the late Revolted Ships to the obedience of Parliament, printed for John Wright (London: 14 July 1648) pp. 3-4.

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fn9. BL E 452 (32): Prince Charles Sailing from Callice, towards the North of England (London: July 1648) p. 2.

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fn10. Prince Rupert’s Papers, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 250.

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fn11. Ibid.

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fn12. Warburton, vol. III, p. 468.

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fn13. BL ADD MS 62085A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, vol. V, p. 114.

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fn14. Prince Rupert’s Papers, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 252.

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fn15. Clarendon, History of the Rebellion, vol. VI (of VI), p. 155.

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fn16. Ibid., p. 193.

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fn17. Prince Rupert’s Papers, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 261.

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fn18. Quoted in Bence-Jones, The Cavaliers, p. 183.

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fn19. Prince Rupert’s Papers, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 264.

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fn20. BL E 452 (33): op. cit., p. 4.

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fn21. Princess Elizabeth to Charles Louis, autumn of 1648, quoted in Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, pp. 194-5.

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fn22. The Earl of Arundel to Prince Charles Louis and Prince Rupert, 6 February 1633, quoted in David Howarth, Lord Arundel and His Circle (New Haven and London: 1985) p. 201.

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fn23. A Collection of Original Royal Letters, p. xiii, quoting Granger, Biographical History of England, vol. II, p. 106.

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fn24. Samuel Pepys’s Diary, 5 September 1664.

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fn25. Quoted in Bence-Jones, The Cavaliers, p. 70.

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fn26. Ibid.

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fn27. Prince Rupert’s Papers, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 274.

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fn28. Sir Edward Hyde (Clarendon) to Sir R. Fanshaw, 21 January 1649, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 279-80.

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fn29. BL ADD MS 63743 (unbound): Thomas Webb to Lord Craven (12 January 1649).

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fn30. Quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 258.

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fn31. Ibid. p. 275.

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Chapter Fifteen: Pirate Prince

fn1. Descartes to Princess Elizabeth of the Rhine, quoted in Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, pp. 197-8.

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fn2. Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. V (of VI), p. 256.

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fn3. Sir Edward Hyde (Clarendon) to Prince Rupert, 28 February 1649, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. III, p. 283.

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fn4. BL E 1217: On the Martyrdom of his late Majesty (March 1649).

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fn5. R. Long to Prince Rupert, 1649, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 286.

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fn6. ‘Taafe’ to Prince Rupert, 2 February 1649, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 291.

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fn7. Prince Rupert’s Diary, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 293.

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fn8. BL E 565 (2): Perfect Weekly Account (London: July 1649) p. 545.

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fn9. BL E 838 (I9): A Modest Narrative of Intelligence: For the Republique of England Ireland, No. 16 (July 1649) p. 124.

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fn10. BL E 565 (I 3): A Bloudy Fight in Harordshire, printed for R. W. (1649)

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fn11. Quoted in E. T. Page, Robert Blake, Admiral and General At Sea (London: 1900) p. 19.

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fn12. Ibid., p. 26.

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fn13. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘The Voyage from Ireland’, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 299.

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fn14. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘The Proceedings in Portugal’, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 301.

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fn15. Newes from Sea, concerning Prince Rupert, Capt. Pluncket, Capt. Munckel. And others: with some Transactions betwixt the King of Portingal, And Them; printed for J. C. (London: 1650) p. 2.

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fn16. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘The Proceedings in Portugal’, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 303.

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fn17. Ibid. p. 305.

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fn18. Ibid. p. 313

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fn19. Ibid.

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fn20. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘The Voyage Into the Straits (Michaelmas-Day, 1650, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 317-8.

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Chapter Sixteen: Suffering for the Cause

fn1. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘The Proceedings at Toulon’, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. III, p. 320.

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fn2. Ibid., p. 322.

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fn3. Ibid., p. 323.

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fn4. Ibid., p. 324.

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fn5. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘The Voyage out of the Straits’, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 325.

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fn6. ‘The Good Sea Captain’, in Thomas Fuller, The Holy State and the Profane State (1642).

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fn7. Letter of Pitts to ‘Sir’ [Mr Carteret?], undated, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 532.

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fn8. Ibid.

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fn9. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘The Voyage out of the Straits’, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 327.

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fn10. Ibid., p. 331.

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fn11. Letter of Pitts to ‘Sir’ [Mr Carteret?], undated, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 533.

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fn12. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘The Voyage out of the Straits’, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 341.

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fn13. Ibid., p. 335.

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fn14. Letter of Pitts to ‘Sir’ [Mr Carteret?], undated, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 534-5.

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fn15. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘The Voyage out of the Straits’, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 335-6.

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fn16.

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Chapter Seventeen: Maurice

fn1. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘The Proceedings at Cape Blanco in Argin’, Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. III, p. 344.

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fn2. Letter of Pitts to ‘Sir’ [Mr Carteret?], undated, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 537.

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fn3. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘The Proceedings at Cape Blanco in Argin’, Warburton, vol. III, pp. 348-9.

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fn4. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘From Cape Blanc to the Islands of Cape de Verd’, Warburton, vol. III, p. 353.

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fn5. ‘Extracted out of a Journal Kept of the Prince’s Own Ship’, 1 February 1652, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 541.

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fn6. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘From Cape Blanc to the Islands of Cape de Verd’, Warburton, vol. III, p. 360.

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fn7. Ibid., p. 362

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fn8. Ibid., p. 366.

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fn9. Ibid., p. 366-7.

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fn10. Prince Rupert’s Diary, ‘The Voyage to the Indies’, Warburton, vol. III, p. 371.

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fn11. Ibid., pp. 374-5.

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fn12. Ibid., p. 379.

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fn13. Ibid., pp. 380-1.

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fn14. Ibid., p. 382.

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fn15. Ibid.

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fn16. Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. III (of VI), p. 274.

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fn17. Ibid., vol. VII, p. 16.

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fn18. The Earl of Leicester, quoted in Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, p. 149.

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fn19. BL ADD MS 18982: Rupert Correspondence, 1645-1658, Letter from John Byron to Prince Rupert, from Chester, 9 April 1644.

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fn20. BL: Edward Symmons A Military Sermon, Preached at Shrewsbury, March 3 1643 (Oxford: 1644) p. 43.

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fn21. Clarendon, vol. III (of VI), p. 396

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fn22. Prince Maurice to Prince Rupert, 29 January 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 54.

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fn23. BL E 353 (13): Anon., A true Copy of the Welch Sermon Preached Before the two Princes, Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice at Dover (London: 1646) p. 6.

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fn24. Prince Maurice to Prince Rupert, 7 July 1645, from Worcester, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 133.

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fn25. Charles I to Prince Maurice, 20 September 1645, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 189.

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fn26. Granger, Biographical History of England, vol. II, pp. 106-7.

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fn27. J. Thurloe, State Papers, (London: 1742), quoted in Oman, The Winter Queen, p. 392.

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fn28. BL ADD MS 6208 5A: Prince Rupert’s Logbook, aka Pythouse Papers, p. 110.

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Chapter Eighteen: Wilderness Years

fn1. ‘Extracted out of a Journal kept on the Prince’s own Ship’, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. III, p. 546.

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fn2. Prince Charles to Prince Rupert, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 419.

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fn3. Sir Edward Hyde (later the Earl of Clarendon) to Sir Richard Browne, 22 March 1653, quoted in Memoirs of John Evelyn, pp. 207-8.

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fn4. Ibid., 12 April 1653, p. 209.

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fn5. Sir Edward Hyde (later the Earl of Clarendon) to Sir Edward Nicholas, quoted in Memoirs of John Evelyn, pp. 210-211.

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fn6. Ibid., p. 211.

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fn7. Quoted in Memoirs of John Evelyn.

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fn8. CARTE MS 50: Ormonde to Captain Mathew, 10 June 1682.

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fn9. Elizabeth of Bohemia to Mr Secretary Nicholas, from The Hague, 2 October 1654, quoted in Memoirs of John Evelyn, vol. II (of II), p. 150.

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fn10. BL E 234 (5): Champianus Northtonus The Younger Brother’s Advocate, (London: 1654).

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fn11. S. P. German States, endorsed ‘Feb. 1610 a memorial delivered by the Duke of Bouillon of the state of the Elector Palatine’, quoted in Everett-Green, Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, p. 31.

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fn12. Clarendon State Papers, vol. III, p. 245.

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fn13. BL E 230 (8): Perfect Diurnall, printed by Francis Leach (London: July 1654) p. 3661.

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fn14. BL E 230 (32): Perfect Diurnall, No. 243, printed by Francis Leach (London: August 1654) p. 3726.

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fn15. Sophie, Electress of Hanover, Memoires et Lettres de Voyage, p. 67.

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fn16. Ibid., p.68.

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fn17. Princess Elizabeth Palatine to Descartes, quoted in Godfrey, A Sister of Prince Rupert, p. 194.

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fn18. Quoted in Fergusson, Rupert of the Rhine, p. 120.

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fn19. Count A. Hamilton, Memoirs of Count Grammont, (London: 1965) p. lxviii.

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fn20. A Collection of Original Royal Letters, pp. xviii-xix.

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fn21. Orovida C. Pissarro, Prince Rupert and the Invention of Mezzotint, The Walpole Society (1956-8).

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fn22. The Evelyn Papers, MSS 52, p. 308.

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fn23. P. H. Hulton, Prince Rupert: Artist and Patron of the Arts (1960) p. 9.

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fn24. John Evelyn, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 435.

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fn25. BLE 233.1: Perfect Diurnall, No. 18, printed for F. Coles, (London: September 1654) p. 140.

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fn26. BL E 236 (I): Severall Proceedings in Parliament, No. 265, printed for Robert Ibbitson (London: October 1654) p. 4197.

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fn27. BL E 233.2 (42): Certain Passages of Every dayes Intelligence, anon., (London: September 1654) p. 2.

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fn28. BL E 236 (9): Severall Proceedings in Parliament, No. 266, printed for Robert Ibbitson (London: November 1654) p. 4199.

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fn29. BL E 237 (9): The Faithful Scout, No. 206, printed by Robert Wood (London: December 1654) p. 1688.

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fn30. BL E 838 (17): A Perfect Account of the daily Intelligence from the Armies in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the Navy at Sea, No. 227, printed by E. Alsop (London: 16 May 1655) p. 1816

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fn31. Hamilton, Memoirs of Count Grammont, p. 90.

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fn32. BL E 230 (I) Perfect Diurnall, No. 238, printed by Francis Leach (London: July 1654) p. 3653.

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fn33. BL E 230 (4): Severall Proceedings of State Affairs, printed for Robert Ibbitson (London: July 1654) p. 3.

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fn34. Thurloe Papers, vol. III, p. 459: Mr Manning to Thurloe, 1 June 1655.

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Chapter Nineteen: Restoration

fn1. The Life of James II, Written by Himself, prefixed to James Macpherson, Original Papers, containing The Secret History of Great Britain, From the Restoration to the Accession of the House of Hanover, vol. I (London: 1775) p. 16.

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fn2. Dryden, Poems, I, 24.

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fn3. John Evelyn’s Diary, 29 May 1660.

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fn4. John Ogilby, Relation of His Majestie’s Entertainment PassingTo His Coronation (1661).

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fn5. CARTE MS 50, f. 303: The Duke of Ormonde to the Earl of Arran, from Whitehall, 2 December 1682.

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fn6. BL E 765 (15): The Earle of Bristoll His Speech in the House of Lords (London: July 1660).

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fn7. A Sermon Preached before Sir Marmaduke Langdale At his entrance into Barwick, I. K. (1648) p. 22.

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fn8. John Evelyn’s Diary, 17 October 1660.

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fn9. BL E 192 (18): Kingdom’s Weekly Intelligencer (London: February 1660 p. 72.

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fn10. Samuel Pepys’s Diary: 23 September 1660.

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fn11. BL ADD MS 63744, fl. 85: Letter to Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, 5 October 1660.

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fn12. BL ADD MS 63744, fl. 9: Letter to Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, 9 November 1660.

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fn13. Quoted in Maria Kroll, Sophie, Electress of Hanover (London: 1973) p. 103.

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fn14. Hamilton, Memoirs of Count Grammont, p 96.

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fn15. Lord Cornbury to the Duchess of Beaufort, 10 June 1662, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. III, p. 462.

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fn16. Prince Rupert to Will Legge, from Vienna, 22 June 1661, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 450-1.

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fn17. Prince Rupert to Will Legge, from Vienna, 6 August 1661, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 453.

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fn18. Electress Sophie of Hanover to Charles Louis, Elector Palatine, 26 September 1661, in the French translation of Briefivechsel der Herzogin Sophie von Hannover mit ihrem Bruder, dem Kurfuerstin Karl Ludwig von der Pfalz, p. 45.

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fn19. Prince Rupert to Will Legge, from Vienna, 22 June 1661, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 451.

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fn20. Prince Rupert to Will Legge, from Vienna, 9 September 1661, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 456.

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fn21. Prince Rupert to Will Legge, from Vienna, 24 September 1661, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 457.

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fn22. Lord Orford’s ‘Catalogue of Engravers’, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 491.

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fn23. Quoted in Sir Henry Lyons, Royal Society, 1660-1940 (Cambridge: 1944) p. 4.

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fn24. Thomas Sprat, Lord Bishop of Rochester, The History of the Royal Society of London, For the Improving of Natural Knowledge (London: 1680) p. 53.

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fn25. Quoted in Dorothy Stimson, Scientists and Amateurs: A History of the Royal Society (New York: 1948) p. 20.

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fn26. ‘The Epistle Dedicatory’ of the Royal Society, quoted in Sprat, The History of the Royal Society of London.

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fn27. Sprat, The History of the Royal Society of London p. 61.

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fn28. Ibid., p. 40.

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fn29. Memoirs of the Life and Death of Prince Rupert, anon. (1683) p. 80.

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fn30. Royal Society minutes for 14 August 1661, quoted in Stimson, Scientists and Amateurs: A History of the Royal Society, p. 81.

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fn31. Samuel Butler, Hudibras, part II, canto 2, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 444.

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fn32. Thomas Streete, quoted in Bence-Jones, The Cavaliers, p. 63.

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fn33. Richard Nichols, Robert Hooke and the Royal Society (Chippenham: 1999) p. 19, quoting from a biography of Thomas Sydenham.

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fn34. Sprat, The History of the Royal Society of London p. 132.

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fn35. Quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 432.

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fn36. CLP/3i/r I: Prince Rupert (2 March: 1663), Manuscripts of the Royal Society.

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fn37. RB0/2i/64: Prince Rupert (22 July 1663), Manuscripts of the Royal Society.

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fn38. Lectures of the Royal Society, quoted in Sprat, The History of the Royal Society of London, pp. 173-305.

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Chapter Twenty: Man of War

fn1. William de Britaine, The Dutch Usurpation (London: 1672) p. 15.

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fn2. Duke of Buckingham, A Letter to Sir Thomas Osborn, One of His Majesties Privy Council, Upon the reading of a Book, called ‘The present Interest of England Stated (London: 1672) p. 15.

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fn3. BL E 121 (30): A Letter Sent from Both Houses of Parliament, to his Excellence, the Earl of Essex, Lord generall of the Army for the King and Parliament printed by John Franc (London: 11 October 1642).

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fn4. Coventry MSS vol. 102, f. 12: N. A. M. Rodger, quoted in Sir William Coventry, from Longleat, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649-1815 (London: 2004) p. 66.

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fn5. BL ADD MS 63744: Letter from The Hague to Elizabeth of Bohemia, 12/22 July 1661.

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fn6. The Life of James II, Written by Himself, in Macpherson, The Secret History of Great Britain, vol. I, p. 25.

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fn7. Samuel Pepys’s Diary, 6 September 1664.

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fn8. Prince Rupert to the States-General, February 1649, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. III, p. 288.

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fn9. Samuel Pepys’s Diary, 5 October 1664.

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fn10. Coventry MSS vol. 102, f.12: op.cit, p. 67.

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fn11. The Life of James II, Written by Himself in Macpherson, vol. I, p. 28.

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fn12. John Dryden, Essay of Dramatic Poesy: account of 3 June 1665.

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fn13. Sir John Denham, Poems on Affairs of State, p. 26, quoted in Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, p. 328.

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fn14. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 1664-5, p. 420, quoted in Morrah, p. 325.

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fn15. Quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 472.

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fn16. Edmund Gayton, The Glorious and Living Cinque-Ports of Our Fortunate Island (Oxford: 1666) p. 3.

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fn17. Prince Rupert’s Narrative (1666), quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 480-1.

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fn18. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 1664-5, p. 420, letter of James Hickes to Joseph Williamson.

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fn19. Samuel Pepys’s Diary, 3 June 1665.

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fn20. John Evelyn’s Diary, 1 July 1666.

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Chapter Twenty-One: Joint Command

fn1. Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albermarle to Sir Thomas Allen, 24 April 1666, quoted in The Rupert and Monck Letter Book, 1666, eds. Rev. J. R. Powell and E. K. Timings (London: 1969) p. 11.

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fn2. Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albermarle to Dennis Gauden, 5 April 1666, quoted in The Rupert and Monck Letter Book, 1666, p. 20.

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fn3. Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albermarle to the Commissioners of the Ordnance, 28 April 1666, quoted in The Rupert and Monck Letter Book, 1666, p. 27.

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fn4. John Evelyn’s Diary, 8 May 1666.

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fn5. ‘The Division of the English Fleet in 1666’, in Roland J. A. Shelley, Mariner’s Mirror (1939) p. 182, quoted in Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, p. 334.

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fn6. CARTE MS 46 1310: Arlington to Ormonde, from Whitehall, 29 May 1666.

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fn7. Bruce Ingram, Three Sea Journals (London: 1936) p. 48, quoted in Rodger, The Command of the Ocean.

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fn8. CARTE MS 46 (317): Thomas Clifford to Ormonde, from on board the Royal Charles, 5 June 1666.

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fn9. Prince Rupert’s Narrative (1666), quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 482.

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fn10. CARTE MS 46 (315): Thomas Clifford to Ormonde, from on board the Royal Charles, 5 June 1666.

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fn11. John Evelyn’s Diary, 3 June 1666.

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fn12. John Dryden, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. III, p. 476 and p. 478.

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fn13. CARTE MS 46 (317): Sir Thomas Clifford to Ormonde, from on board the Royal Charles, 9 June 1666.

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fn14. ‘A True Narrative of the Engagement between His Majesties Fleet and that of Holland’ in A. W. H. Pearsall, The Second Dutch War, Described in Pictures and Manuscripts (1967) p. 22, quoted in Morrah, p. 338.

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fn15. CARTE MS 46 (318): Sir Thomas Clifford to Ormonde, from on board the Royal Charles, 5 June 1666.

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fn16. Rodger, The Command of the Ocean, p. 72.

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fn17. Wiquefort, Histoire de Provinces Unies, vol. XIV, quoted in Dr John Campbell, Admirals, vol. II (London: 1818) p. 110.

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fn18. John Evelyn’s Diary, 6 June 1666.

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fn19. John Evelyn’s Diary, 17 June 1666.

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fn20. Quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 478-9.

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fn21. CARTE MS 46 (321): Arlington to Ormonde, from Whitehall, 19 June 1666.

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fn22. CARTE MS 46 (337): Arlington to Ormonde, from Whitehall, 21 July 1666.

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fn23. The Tell-Tale, 2 vols (London: 1776), quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 469.

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fn24. The Rupert and Monck Letter Book, 1666, p. 277.

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fn25. CARTE MS 46 (355): Arlington to Ormonde, from Whitehall, 18 August 1666.

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fn26. Gayton, The Glorious and Living Cinque-Ports of our fortunate Island, pp. 5-6.

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fn27. Prince Rupert’s Narrative, quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 484-5.

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Chapter Twenty-Two: ‘Sadtroublesome Times’

fn1. John Evelyn’s Diary, 7 September 1665.

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fn2. The Life of James II, Written by Himself in Macpherson, The Secret History of Great Britain, vol. I, p. 36.

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fn3. Ibid.

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fn4. CARTE MS 51 (4): The Marquess of Ormonde to the Earl of Anglesey, October 1666.

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fn5. Gayton, The Glorious and Living Cinque-Ports of our fortunate Island, p. 11.

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fn6. Samuel Pepys’s Diary, 24 June 1663.

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fn7. Ibid. 2 January 1668.

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fn8. Ibid. II January 1666.

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fn9. Ibid. 4 February 1665.

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fn10. Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albermarle to the Duke of York, 22 August 1666, quoted in The Rupert and Monck Letter Book, 1666, p. 138.

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fn11. Prince Rupert’s Narrative, quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. III, p. 483.

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fn12. Henry B. Wheatley (ed.), Diary of Samuel Pepys, vol. VII, pp. 311-12, quoted in Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, p. 347.

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fn13. John Evelyn’s Diary, 3 June 1667.

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fn14. Prince Rupert’s Narrative (1667), quoted in Warburton, vol. III, pp. 483-4.

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fn15. Commissioner Captain John Taylor to Samuel Pepys, 4 April 1667, in Further Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, 1662-1679, ed. J. R. Tanner (London: 1929) p. 172; quoted in Rodger, The Command of the Ocean, pp. 100-1.

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fn16. Samuel Pepys’s Diary, 15 January 1665.

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fn17. John Brown, A Compleat Discourse of Wounds (London: 1678) p. 132.

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fn18. Ibid., pp. 142-3.

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fn19. John Evelyn’s Diary, 3 May 1650.

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fn20. Newsletter of Henry Muddiman, in Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series 1665-6, p. 523.

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fn21. Samuel Pepys’s Diary, 3 April 1667.

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fn22. Warburton, vol. III, p. 492.

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fn23. Samuel Pepys’s Diary, 10 June 1667.

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fn24. CARTE MS 46 (490): Arlington to Ormonde, from Whitehall, 15 June 1667.

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fn25. Warburton, vol. III, p. 493.

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fn26. John Evelyn’s Diary, 14 June 1667.

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fn27. CARTE MS 51 (52): Ormonde to the Earl of Anglesey, from Dublin, 22 June 1667.

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fn28. Samuel Pepys’s Diary, July 1667, quoted in Rodger, The Command of the Ocean, p. 78.

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Chapter Twenty-Three: The Happiest Old Cur in the Nation

fn1. John Morris, Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers 1872-77, vol. I, p. 392.

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fn2. Diary of Samuel Pepys, ed. Wheatley, vol. VI, p. 151.

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fn3. Memoirs of John Evelyn, vol. I, p. 359.

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fn4. Quoted in Morrah, p. 411 (Was in Surrey County Archives).

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fn5. Eva Scott, Rupert, Prince Palatine, p. 361, quoted in Morrah, p. 411.

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fn6. Original letter from Sophie, Electress of Hanover, to Prince Rupert, quoted in Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine p. 411.

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fn7. James, Duke of York to Prince Rupert, from Whitehall, 27 October 1667, in ‘Bromley Collections’, p. 486.

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fn8. Richard Oneley, General Account of Tunbridge Wells and its Environs (1771) p. 37, quoted in Hamilton, Memoirs of Count Grammont, p. lxviii.

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fn9. Hamilton, Memoirs of Count Grammont, p. 296.

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fn10. Ibid.

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fn11. Ibid., p. lxviii.

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fn12. Ibid., pp. 297-8.

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fn13. Philip H. Highfill et al. (eds.), A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800, vol. 6 (Southern Illinois University Press: 1978) p. 462.

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fn14. Hamilton, Memoirs of Count Grammont, p. 298.

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fn15. Samuel Pepys’s Diary, vol. VII, p. 7.

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fn16. Ibid., vol. VIII, p. 463.

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fn17. Tom Brown, Second Part of the Letters from the Dead to the Living (1708) p. 166, quoted in Elizabeth Howe, The first English Actresses (Cambridge: 1992) p. 32.

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fn18. ‘A Prologue to introduce the first Woman that came to Act on the Stage in the Tragedy, call’d the Moor of Venice’, in Thomas Jordan, A Royal Arbor of Loyal Poesie, (1664) pp. 21-2.

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fn19. John Evelyn’s Diary, 18 October 1666.

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fn20. A poem found in Bridgewater House by John Payne Collier, quoted in Highfill, A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses …, vol. 8, p. 24.

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fn21. Samuel Pepys’s Diary, quoted in Highfill, A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses …, vol. 8, p. 24.

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fn22. K. Hauk, Die Briefer der Kinder des Winterkoenigs (Heidelberg: 1908) p. 302.

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fn23. Sophie, Electress of Hanover to Charles Louis, Elector Palatine, 24 January 1674, in the French translation of Briefwechsel der Herzogin Sophie von Hannover mit ihrem Bruder, dem Kurfuersten Karl Ludwig von der Pfalz, p. 175.

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fn24. Hauk, Die Briefer der Kinder des Winterkoenigs, p. 346.

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fn25. Highfill, A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses …, vol. 8.

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fn26. Mr Crown, The Countrey Wit (London: 1675) p. 58.

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fn27. Thomas Durfey, Squire Oldsapp or, The Night-Adventurers (London: 1679) p. 11.

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fn28. Lady Chaworth to Lord Roos, quoted in Highfill, A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses …, vol. 8, p. 24.

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Chapter Twenty-Four: Windsor Castle

fn1. Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion, vol. VI (of VI), p. 260.

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fn2. Quoted in Christopher Hibbert, The Court at Windsor: A Domestic History (London: 1964) p. 66.

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fn3. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 1651-2, p. 546.

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fn4. John Evelyn’s Diary, 8 June 1654.

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fn5. BL E 237 (10): Perfect Diurnall, No. 263, printed by Francis Leach (London: December 1654).

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fn6. BL ADD MS 16370: Plans of the Fortified Towns of England, p. 54.

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fn7. MS RA GEO/Add 52/1: Windsor Castle Governor’s Book, 1668-1671, ‘His Majesty’s Patent to his Highness Prince Rupert, 19 October 1668’.

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fn8. The Life of James II, Written by Himself in Macpherson, The Secret History of Great Britain, vol. I, p. 49.

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fn9. MS RA GEO/Add 52/I: Windsor Castle Governor’s Book, 1668-1671, ‘Certain Particulars Relating to the Office of Constable of Windsor’, Sir Bulstrode Whitlock, (c. 1661).

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fn10. MS RA GEO/Add 52/ I: loose-leaf letter from the Duke of Monmouth and Thomas Chicheley to Colonel William Legge, 8 December 1669.

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fn11. MS RA GEO/Add 52/1: Windsor Castle Governor’s Book, 1668-1671, p. 59, ‘Orders Established by his Highness, Prince Rupert’ (1668).

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fn12. John Evelyn’s Diary, 28 August 1670.

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fn13. MS RA GEO/Add 52/1: Windsor Castle Governor’s Book, 1668-1671, p. 59, ‘Letter from Prince Rupert to Sir Thomas Foster and other JPs in the Chertsey area’. Date unknown.

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fn14. Quoted in Warburton, Memoirs Prince Rupert, vol. III, p. 495.

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fn15. Warburton, vol. III, p. 460.

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fn16. John Evelyn’s Diary, 28 August 1670.

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fn17. Quoted in Hibbert, The Court at Windsor: A Domestic History, p. 73.

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fn18. John Evelyn’s Diary, the summer of 1683, quoted in Hibbert, The Court at Windsor: A Domestic History’, p. 71.

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fn19. Quoted in Hibbert, The Court at Windsor: A Domestic History, p. 75.

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fn20. Calendar of State Papers, 1672-1675, 20 May 1675, p. 744.

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fn21. MS RA GEO/Add 52/1: Windsor Castle Governor’s Book, 1668-1671, ‘Certain Particulars Relating to the Office of Constable of Windsor’, Sir Bulstrode Whitlock (c. 1661) p. 7.

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Chapter Twenty-Five: Hudson’s Bay

fn1. ‘The Strange and Dangerous Voyage of Captain Thomas James’, quoted in Peter C. Newman, Empire of the Bay (Toronto: 1989) p. 30.

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fn2. Quoted in George Woodcock, The Hudson’s Bay Company (New York: 1970) p. 20.

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fn3. W. R. Scott, Constitution and Finance of English, Scottish and Irish Joint-Stock Companies to 1730 (1910) p. 17.

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fn4. Sir John Clapham, Minutes of the Hudson’s Bay Company, 1671-1674, p. 131, quoted in Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, p. 385.

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fn5. Quoted in Woodcock, The Hudson’s Bay Company, p. 23.

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fn6. Founding document, quoted in Newman, Empire of the Bay p. 41.

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Chapter Twenty-Six: The Wrong Enemy

fn1. BL ADD MS 16370: Plans of the Fortified Towns of England, p. 7.

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fn2. BL ADD 63743, f. 56: Princess Sophie, Prince Rupert’s sister, to the Earl of Craven, from Heidelberg, July 1667.

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fn3. MSS STT 625: John Doddington to Joseph Williamson, 27 June 1670, Huntingdon Library, quoted in Steven Pincus, ‘Republicanism, Absolutism and Universal Monarchy: English Popular Sentiment During the Third Dutch War’, Ch. 12 of Culture and Society in the Stuart Restoration, ed. Gerald Maclean (CUP: 1995) p. 25.

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fn4. The Lift of James II, Written by Himself, in Macpherson, The Secret History of Great Britain, vol. I, p. 55.

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fn5. William de Britaine, The Dutch Usurpation, p. 31.

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fn6. John Evelyn, Easter 1673, quoted in Maurice Ashley, James II, (London: 1977) p. 110.

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fn7. An exact relation of the several Engagements and Actions of his Majesty’s fleet, under the command of his Highness Prince Rupert (1673), quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, vol. III, p. 497.

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fn8. Thomas Jordan, London Triumphant, or the City in Jollity and Splendour, (London: 1672) p. 12.

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fn9. Prince Rupert, quoted in J. R. Jones, The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century (New York: 1996) p. 203.

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fn10. An exact relation of the several Engagements and Actions of his Majesty’s fleet, under the command of His Highness Prince Rupert (1673), quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 498.

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fn11. Rodger, The Command of the Ocean, p. 224.

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fn12. Nathaniel Brooke, A Just Vindication of the Principal Officers of His Majesties Ordnance, (London: 1674) p. 4.

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fn13. An exact relation of the several Engagements and Actions of his Majesty’s fleet, under the command of His Highness Prince Rupert (1673), quoted in Warburton, vol. III, p. 502.

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fn14. Spragge’s Journal, Journals and Narratives of The Third Dutch War, ed. R. C. Anderson, NRS, vol. 86, 1946, quoted in Rodger, The Command of the Ocean, p. 83.

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fn15. Prince Rupert, quoted in Rodger, The Command of the Ocean, p. 219.

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fn16. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 22 June 1672, p. 264: William, Bishop of Lincoln, to Williamson, 22 June 1672.

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fn17. Sir William Coventry (1667), quoted in Claire Tomalin, Pepys: The Unequalled Self (London: 2002) p. 193.

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fn18. STOWE MS 203: A Relation of the French Squadron sent to his Highness Pr. Rupert by Mons. de Martell their Vice-Admirall (1673) p. 16.

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fn19. Ibid.

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fn20. Prince Rupert, quoted in Jones, The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century, p. 209.

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fn21. Sir Thomas Player to Williamson, 9 September 1673, Christie, ed., Letters, volume II, p. 16, quoted in Pincus, ‘Republicanism, Absolutism and Universal Monarchy: English Popular Sentiment During the Third Dutch War’, p. 265 in Maclean (ed.), Culture and Society in the Stuart Restoration.

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fn22. Bishop Burnet, History, vol. 2, page 15, quoted in ibid., p. 265.

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fn23. MS STOWE 203: vol. IV, September—December 1673: William Bridgeman to the Earl of Essex, from Whitehall, 6 September 1673, in Correspondence of Arthur Capel, Earl of Essex, 1672-1679., p. 72.

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fn24. STOWE MS 203: vol. IV, September—December 1673, p. 152: A Relation of the French Squadron sent to his Highness Pr. Rupert by Mons. de Martell their Vice-Admirall, (1673).

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fn25. Werbum Sapienti’ (January 1674), quoted in Pincus, ‘Republicanism, Absolutism and Universal Monarchy: English Popular Sentiment during the Third Dutch war’, p. 253.

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fn26. Henry Ball to Williamson, 19 September 1673, quoted in Pincus, ‘Republicanism, Absolutism and Universal monarchy: English Popular Sentiment During the Third Dutch War’ p. 265.

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fn27. William Coventry, 11 May 1678, from Grey ‘Debates’, vol. 5, p. 387, quoted in Pincus, ‘Republicanism, Absolutism and Universal monarchy: English Popular Sentiment During the Third Dutch War’, p. 256.

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Chapter Twenty-Seven: Death of a Cavalier

fn1. Dr John Campbell, The Naval History of Great Britain, (London: 1818) pp. 310-311.

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fn2. Thomas Flatman, On the Death of the Illustrious Prince Rupert, A Pindarique Ode, p. 5.

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fn3. Quoted in Hibbert, The Court at Windsor: A Domestic History, p. 73.

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fn4. The Lift of James II, Written by Himself in Macpherson, The Secret History of Great Britain, vol. I. pp. 139-140.

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fn5. Ibid., vol. I, pp. 100-1.

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fn6. Ibid., vol. I, p. 101.

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fn7. Ibid., vol. I, p. 10.

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fn8. Ibid., vol. I, p. 136.

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fn9. Sir John Clapham, Minutes of the Hudson’s Bay Company, 1679-1684, p.xxiii, quoted in Morrah, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, p. 386.

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fn10. The Lift of James II, Written by Himself, vol. I, pp. 83-4.

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fn11. Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors, vol. II, p. 25, quoted in Hamilton, Memoirs of Count Grammont, p. xlvii.

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fn12. Sophie, Electress of Hanover to Charles Louis, Elector Palatine, 5 January 1678, in the French translation of Briefwechsel der Herzogin Sophie von Hannover mit ihrem Bruder, dem Kurfuersten Karl Ludwig von der Pfalz, p. 309.

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fn13. Electress Sophie to Charles Louis, 20 June 1679, ibid., p. 361.

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fn14. Electress Sophie to Charles Louis, 12 February 1680, ibid., p. 408.

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fn15. J. Gough Nichols and J. Bruce, Wills from Doctors’ Commons (London: 1863) pp. 143-4.

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fn16. Quoted in Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert.

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fn17. Sir Philip Warwick, Memoires of the reigne of King Charles I (London: 1701) pp. 227-8.

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