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Page numbers in italic refer to illustrations
Achilles xxi, 20, 29, 49, 64, 100, 147, 198, 226
and Agamemnon 17, 150–2, 179, 188, 191
armour 173
beauty 136–7
Briseis stolen from 149–50, 151, 189
capture of Hecamede 66
formulaic phrases 74, 75
in Hades 125–7
hands 138
and Hector’s death 138, 203–7
and horses 161, 176
isolation 142, 149–50
northern background 48, 117, 144, 148–52, 170
and Patroclus’s death 17–18, 30, 33, 60, 142, 149, 160, 167, 199–202
shield 136, 183
songs 139
Addison, Joseph 17
Aegean Sea 61, 65, 161, 192, 216, 218
Aegisthus 75
Aeneas 161, 172
Aeschylus, Oresteia 214
Aesop 49
Afghanistan 102, 115, 157, 194, 195
Agamemnon 48, 75, 99, 147, 148, 167, 171
and Achilles 17, 150–2, 179, 188, 191
brutality 108–9, 199
death 214
formulaic phrases 74, 106
isolation 142
Schliemann’s son named after 195
steals Briseis from Achilles 149–50, 151
tomb of 231
Agricola, Georgius 132
Ahhiyawa 221–2
Ajax 29, 106, 177, 200, 226
Akkadian language 216–17
Alaksandu 223
Albania 102, 116, 144
Alcinous 173, 176, 217–18, 237
Aleppo 247
Alexander the Great 46, 249
Alexandria 36, 38, 40–4, 45–7, 59, 76
Alexandros 223
alphabet, Phoenician 61
Alps 115
Amazons 99
Amurru 221
Anatolia 99, 104, 149, 168, 175, 187
bronze 114–15
Hittites 216–17, 219–23
importance of Troy 192
languages 55, 76, 210
Proto-Indo-Europeans 157
Trojans 161
writing instruments 103
Andalusia 124, 133
Andromache 205–6
Anglesey 114
Antiopē 239
Aphrodite 67, 198, 243
Apollinaire, Guillaume 70
Apulia 62
Aramaeans 62
Arcadia 52
Arceisius 228
Ares 149, 201, 218
Argolid 48
Argolis, Gulf of xxii
Argos 46
Aristarchus 44
Aristotle 41, 46
On Poets 49
Rhetoric 77
Armenia 157
Arnold, Matthew 6–7
Artemis 243
Arthurian legends 114
Aryans 157
Ashnan 51
Asinē xxii
Assyria 241
Astyanax 127
Atē 183
Athene 97, 198, 229, 237
cloth offering to 197
and the death of Hector 205
encourages violence 182
formulaic phrases 74
and horses 160–1
and Odysseus’s homecoming 241, 242, 246
protects Odysseus 21, 126, 136–7
and Telemachus’s search for Odysseus 32
temple in Emporio 57
Athens 41, 46, 48, 54–5, 59, 76, 106, 118
Athos, Mount 37
Atlantic Ocean 48, 128
Atreus 222
Attarissiya 222, 224
Attica 64
Auk (boat) 1–6, 233
Austria 115
Autolycus 228
Azores 48
Baal 120–3
Babylon 41
Bachelard, Gaston, The Poetics of Space 133
Bactria 157
Badajoz 134
Baghdad 183
Bagot, Rev. Walter 36
Bahrain 99, 156
Bajgorić, Halil 82–5
Balboa, Vasco Núñez de 24
Balkans 80–7, 117, 145
Baltic 47, 115, 157, 168
bards, hereditary 93
Barlow, Joel 249
Barra 95
Bašić, Ibrahim (Ibro) 85, 88–9
baths 214–16
Bavaria 115
beauty, male 136–7
Bellerophon 103–5
Benbecula 95
Bentley, Richard 69
Beowulf 57
Berkeley, University of California 71, 72
Berlin 208
Bernstorf 115
Beslan 246–7
Bible 3, 12, 45, 223–7
Biblioteca Marciana, Venice 37–8
Biblioteca Nazionale, Rome 48, 49
Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris 37
Bijelo Polje 81
birds 234–6, 246
Black Sea 46, 59, 102, 145, 148, 157, 161, 168–70, 192
Blackwood’s Magazine 25
Blake, William 249
Blegen, Carl xix–xx, 28, 84, 100–1, 192, 195–6
Boardman, John 57–8
Bodleian Library, Oxford 37, 39
Bodrum 103, 118
Bogaskale 216
Bohemia 115, 217
Bosnia 82–3
Boston 118
Boston Museum of Fine Arts 194
Briseis 149–50, 151, 189
British Council 93
British Museum, London 208
British School, Athens 57
bronze 102, 114–15
Bronze Age xviii, 115–20
burial mounds 29, 156, 165–8
copper mining 131–2, 133
iron 100
lyres 138–9
population mobility 115–16
ships 115, 127–8
stone stelae 134–43
trade 115, 116
Troy’s importance in 194
Ulu Burun wreck 102–3
warriors 117–20, 135–43
weapons 117–20, 118, 128
Broodbank, Cyprian 175, 177
Buchner, Giorgio 62
Bulgaria 102
burials
Bronze Age 29, 156, 165–8
burial mounds 98–9
early Greek 144
Ischia 65
kurgans 157–8, 160, 165–8
Mycenaean Shaft Graves 106–12, 117, 144, 165, 193
Pithekoussai 62–3
rock-cut tombs 231
Sintashta 159–60
stone stelae 135–43
tumuli 168–70
Butler, Samuel 47
Byblos 62
Byzantium 35–6, 37–8, 40, 41, 192, 194
Calabria 62
Calliope 49–50
Calvert, Frank 195
Calypso 2, 5, 29, 32, 48, 61, 229, 230, 232, 234, 236
Cambridge 37
Cambridgeshire 48
Campania 62
Canaan 102, 215, 224
canoes 175
Caravaggio 227
Caribbean 48
Carlyle, Thomas 251
Carpathians 157
Carthage 62, 63
Caspian Sea 63, 117, 145, 157
Cassiopeia (constellation) 232–3
Castelluccio 194
Caucasus 116, 157, 168, 192
Cebriones 184–5
Celtologists 93–4
Chalcondyles, Demetrius 37
Chania 100
Chapman, George 19–24, 84
chariots 159–60, 161, 172–5
Charybdis 48, 228, 240
China 116, 152–3, 156
Chinflón 131–3
Chios 46, 48, 54–9, 58, 76
Cicones 218
Circe 2, 34, 127–8, 129, 215–16, 238–9, 241
cities 116, 180–1, 190, 191–8, 202–7
Clare, County 156
Clarke, Charles Cowden 15, 16, 19–24, 25, 84
clay tablets 100–1, 216, 217
Cliffsend, Thanet 116
Clutorix 170
Clytemnestra 75, 214, 231
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 19–20
Collins, Lieutenant-Colonel Tim 44–5
Columbus, Christopher 128
composition-in-performance 77–86, 94–5
Congreve, William 17
Constant, Benjamin 9
Constantinople 38, 192, 194
copper 114, 116, 129, 131–3, 165
Cordoba 128, 140
Corinth 63, 103–4
Cornwall 115, 128, 129, 132–3
Cortez, Hernando 24, 25
Courbet, Gustave, Origine du Monde 229
Cowper, William 36, 46
Crete 46, 113, 136, 194, 228
baths 215
clay tablets 100–1
kidnapping of General Kreipe 89–93
Minoan civilisation 106, 175, 214, 242–3
Mycenaeans 221
songs 89–90
Crusaders 194
cummings, e.e. 70
Cyclades 48, 49, 52, 175
Cyclops 27, 218, 219, 228
Cyprus 46, 102, 175, 222, 224, 230
Czech Republic 115
dactyls 73
Daedalus 173
dance 49
Dante 37, 69, 77
Danube, river 145, 157, 169, 192
Dardanelles 192
Dark Ages xxi
David, King of Israel 225–7
De Quincey, Thomas 36
death, Hades 124–8
see also violence
Deïphobus 162, 163
Delos 46, 49
Delphi 48
Demodocus 163–4
Denmark 115, 165, 168
Devon 115
Diodorus Siculus 230
Diomedes 43, 97–8, 103, 188–9, 211, 245
Dolon 188–9, 245
Dörpfeld, Wilhelm 192
Dover 168
Dué, Casey 47
Duntulm 93
Durham, County 132
Düsseldorf 112
Easton, Donald 193
Edinburgh 118
Egypt 48, 92, 103, 106, 113, 129, 192, 241
jewellery 102, 194
in the Odyssey 228
papyrus rolls 38–40
pottery 63
The Tale of Sinuhe 208–14
trade 59, 175
El Pozuelo 131
Elba 62
Eliot, T.S. 70, 77
Elpenor 125
Emporio 57–9, 58, 100
England 115, 116, 168
Enlightenment 20, 249
epic xix–xxi, 72–6, 170–1
Epirus 168
Epomeo, Mount 61
Escorial, Madrid 37, 48, 51
Eteocles 222
Etruria 62
Euboea 62, 66
Euphorbus 200
Eurasia
burial mounds 99
metalwork 114–15
steppe culture 144–75
warrior culture xviii, 117
Euripides 28
Eurycleia 13–14
Eustathius 54
Evans, Sir Arthur 100, 101, 242
Examiner 18
Extremadura 124, 133–5
Fagles, Robert 1–6, 22, 176, 185, 218
Fairhurst, George 1, 3–4
Faroe Islands 48
Fates 182
fatherhood/fatherland 182
Fayum depression 38
Fermor, Patrick Leigh 90–1
Finucane, Ronald 132
fish 27 and n., 184, 185–6
Florence 37, 48
food 27 and n., 153–4
formulaic verse 74–5, 78–9, 82, 86, 95
Fundy, Bay of 48
funerals 160
Galicia 116
Gamarrillas 140
gang culture 179–80, 187–91, 208
Gauguin, Paul 76
Gautier, Théophile 8
Gaza 224
Genesis 215
genetics 116
Geometric pottery 65
Germany 89–93, 115, 117, 132, 157, 165
ghosts 132–3, 239–40
Gibraltar, Straits of 127, 128
Gilgamesh 215, 216
Glaucus 97–8, 103–4, 139, 140
gods 155–6, 181, 239–40, 250
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 12
Gog Magog hills 48
gold 106–8, 111, 194
Goliath 224–7
Goncourt, Jules and Edmond de 8–12, 14
Gorgythion 42
grain, winnowing 145–7, 146
graves see burials
Greece
Greek Renaissance xvii
Homeric poems as foundation myth xviii–xix
omission from Iliad 181–2
origins of the Greeks 144–5, 147–60
Greek language 152, 171
Guadalquivir 128
guslari (singers) 80–7, 88–9
Hades 3, 29, 34, 124–30, 133, 145, 238–9
Hadrian, Emperor 48
hair 136–7
hammer-axes 194–5
Harris 29
Harrison, Richard 115, 134, 141–2
Harvard Homer multitext project 47
Hatti 216
Hattusa 216, 217, 222
Hawara papyrus 38–40, 40, 41
Hayasa 219, 221
Heaney, Seamus 119–20
Hebrides 29, 87–8, 93–5
Hecabe 204
Hecamede 66
Hector 33, 100, 127, 149, 152, 167, 226
compared to a horse 161
death 111–12, 128, 138, 186, 203–7
funeral 160
hair 137
hands 138
isolation 142
kills Patroclus 17, 200, 201
returns to Troy 180
speech to Trojans 42–4, 45
Heidelberg 37
Helen 149, 162, 174, 181, 189, 196–7, 205, 250
Hell 125
helmets 100
Hephaestus 136, 173, 183
Hera 74, 170, 197–8, 199
Heracles 170, 239
Herakleion 90, 92
Hermes 2, 231–2, 238
Herodotus 193
heroes
beauty 136–7
fame 170–1
formulaic phrases 72, 74–5
isolation 142–3
see also warriors
Herzegovina 85
hexameters 72–6
High Pasture Cave, Skye 139
Hippothoos 200
Hissarlik 195
Hitler, Adolf 92
Hittites 103, 216–17, 219–23
Homer
Alexandrian editors 40–4, 45–7
and Athens 54–5
biographies of 48–50, 51–3
blindness 50, 52
dates of 105–6, 107–8
eccentrics and 47–8
epitaph 52, 53
formulaic phrases 74–5
as half human 49
hexameters 72–6
imperfect scanning 105–6
medieval manuscripts 37–8, 41
Milman Parry on 70–8, 86–7
as multiple poets 36–7, 46–7, 69
name 50
and oral tradition 68–9, 77–80, 95–6
papyrus rolls 38–40, 40, 41
unfitted for ordinary world 51–3
as a woman 47
see also Iliad; Odyssey
Homer Hymn to Delian Apollo 55
‘Homeric Question’ 36–7
Homeridae 55
Homerophiles 37
Homerophobes 37
horses 158–63, 159, 165, 166–7, 171–3
Huelva 128–31
Hugo, Victor 11
Hungary 157, 194
Hunt, Leigh 18, 19
Huqqana 219–21
Hutchinson, Sara 19
Iaa 211
Icarus 173
Iceland 143
Ida, Mount (Crete) 91, 92
Iliad
Alexandrian edition 40–4, 45–7
composition-in-performance 86
date of 105–6, 107
deaths in 183
eccentrics and 47–8
Greece omitted from 181–2
internal contradictions 69
medieval manuscripts 37–8
on memory 97–8
multiple authorship 36–7, 46–7
and Mycenae 107–8
Panathenaia festival 54
papyrus roll 39–40, 40, 41
relationship to the Odyssey 60–1
unusual words 76
Ilios 223
India 152, 159, 170, 217
Indian Ocean 175
Indo-European languages 152–7
Indus valley 116
Ingul, river 169
Ion 28–9
Ionian Sea 65
Ionic language 55
Ios 48, 49, 52
Iphidamas 109
Iphimedeia 239
Iran 170
Iraq 44–5, 50–1, 215
Ireland 1–3, 29, 117, 142–3, 152–3, 156, 170, 233
iron 100, 130, 132–3
Iron Age xvii, 62
Isaiah 52
Ischia 61–7
Isle of Wight 48
Ismarus 218
Israelites 224–7
Italy 37–8, 47, 62
Ithaca 3, 13, 29, 48, 145, 219, 229, 240–8
Jacob 215, 216
Jacobs, Bruce 187, 189, 190
Japan 217
Jesse 225
Jesus Christ 49
jewellery 193–4, 193
Jews 224–7
Johnson, Dr 18, 19
jokes 52, 65–7
Jonah 64
Judea 224
Kadmos 222
Kafkalas, Andreas 90–2
Karagod 165–8
Karians 198
Kaş 102
Kazakhstan 99, 159
Keats, John 15–16, 18–26, 23, 40, 71, 84
Endymion 25–6
‘On first looking into Chapman’s Homer’ 22–5, 23
Kennie (shepherd) 87–8
Kent 116
King James Bible 45
Knockers 132–3
Knossos 92, 100–1, 103, 136, 194, 242
Korfmann, Manfred 193
Kreipe, General Heinrich 90–3
Kreipiad 92–3
Kundera, Milan 240
kurgans 157–8, 160, 165–8
Kuwait 44–5
Laertes 219, 244
Laforgue, Jules 70
language
Akkadian 216–17
gang culture and 191
Greek 152, 171
hexameters 72–6
Indo-European 152–7
Linear B tablets 101, 105–6
links between chariots and ships 174–5
pre-verbs 105
Proto-Uralic 154
unusual words 76–7
unwritten 68
Latin mass 77
Latium 62
Lattimore, Richard 22, 26, 146, 186
Laurentian Library, Florence 37
Lawrence, T.E. 47
lead mines 132
Lebanon 210, 216, 221
Leipzig 37
Lesbos 48, 50, 150
Leucothea 236
Levant 175, 192
Lewis 93–4
libraries 37–8, 40–4, 45–7
Linear A 101
Linear B 57, 101, 105–6, 115
Lithuania 152–3
Llandissilio 170
Lochaber 95
Logue, Christopher xxi, 185–6
London 37, 118
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth 73
Lord, Albert 80, 83–4, 87, 89
Los Angeles 190, 191
Lycaon 202
Lycia 97, 102, 103–4, 210
lyres 138–9
Macdonald, Duncan 93–5
Macdonald, John 95
MacIntyre, Duncan Ban 95
Macleod clan 29
McMillan, Angus 95
MacNed, Roderick 95
MacRury family 93
Madduwatta 222
Madrid 48, 51, 128, 134
Magny restaurant, Paris 8–11, 8
Malta 230
‘The Man of the Habit’ 93–4
manuscripts 37–8, 41
Marathon 165
Marie-Antoinette, Queen of France 9
Mariya 220–1
masks 108, 112, 169
Massalia 46
Medici family 48
Medjédović, Avdo 81
Melanthius 245
Meles, river 50
Melesigenes 50, 51
memory xix, 68–9, 77–87, 93–6, 97–8, 99
Menelaus 162, 163, 167, 177, 200, 201, 222, 226
Meriones 173–4
Mertz, Henriette 48
Mesopotamia 63, 113, 114, 192, 194, 215, 216
metalworking 114–15
Michelangelo 37, 227
Milan 37
Milton, John 15, 69
Paradise Lost 86
minerals 129–33
mining 130–3
Minoans 106, 175, 214, 242
Mnemosyne 49
Mongols 158
Montenegro 81
Montoro 128
Moscow 37, 195
Moss, Billy 90–1
Motion, Andrew 15, 25
Muir, Edwin 166–7
Müller, Max 107
Munich 37
Murray, A.T. 22
Museo Arqueológico Provincial, Cordoba 140
Muses 49–50, 231
music 73, 77, 80–7, 88–93, 138–9
Mycenae 48, 102–3, 115, 192, 215
clay tablets 100–1
and the Hittites 221–3
Linear B 57
masks 108, 112, 169
palaces 105
Philistines 224
pottery 230
Shaft Graves 106–12, 117, 144, 165, 193
and Spain 128
tholos tombs 231
weapons 119
Myrine 99
Myrmidons 199
Nafplion 118
Naples 37, 117
Naples, bay of 61
Nastes 198
nature, images of 167
Nausicaa 29, 48, 237
Nazis 157, 195
Near East xviii, 61, 62, 66, 102, 116
Nebra sky disc 115
Neolithic Age 158
Neoptolemos 126–7
Nestor 66–7, 110–11, 161, 171, 172–3, 181, 214
Newfoundland 48
Nicolson, Ben 3–4
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm 251
Nikshitch, Bégan Lyútsa 80, 81
Nineveh 41
nomads 147, 154, 158, 165
Nona (shepherd) 87–8
Norway 116
Notopoulos, James 89–91, 93
Odessa 168–9
Odysseus
baths 215–16
on Circe’s island 127–8, 238–9
formulaic phrases 74, 75–6
in Hades 145
hands 138
homecoming 29, 145–7, 232–48
and horses 161
imprisoned by Calypso 32, 229, 230, 231–2
isolation 142
in the palace of the Phaeacians 42, 217–18
and Penelope 239–40, 247–8
as a pirate-king 218–19
on Scheria 175–6
on sea shores 29–30
shipwreck 20–2, 236–7
and the Sirens 4–6, 5
slipperiness 150–1, 228–9
songs 139
and The Tale of Sinuhe 214
tested by Palamedes 147–8
tries to reconcile Agamemnon and Achilles 150–2
and the Trojan Horse 162–3
and violence 141, 188–9
visits Hades 124–8
wisdom 177
Odyssey
AN rediscovers 1–7
composition-in-performance 86
eccentrics and 47–8
internal contradictions 69
medieval manuscripts 37
palace culture 100, 107
Panathenaia festival 54
relationship to the Iliad 60–1
unusual words 76
Oedipus 239
Ogygia 229
Old Testament 223–7
Olympia xviii
Olympus 181, 198
oral tradition 68–9, 77–86, 93–6
Orchomenos 151
Orion (constellation) 232–3
Oswald, Alice, Memorial 251
Ovid 233
Oxford 37, 39
Pacific Ocean 24
Paine, Thomas 249
palaces 100, 101, 107, 241–2
Palamedes 147–8
Palestine 224
Palmyra 120–3
Panathenaia festival 54
papyrus rolls 38–40, 40, 41, 208
paradise, images of 167
Paris (son of Priam) 137, 142, 162, 174, 196, 198, 223, 226
Paris, France 8–11, 8, 33, 37, 72, 118
Parry, Milman 69–78, 70, 80–7, 88–9, 93, 95
Parys Mountain 114
pastoralists 147, 154, 157, 158
Patroclus 150
death 17–18, 60, 111–12, 142, 149, 199–202
funeral 30, 33, 160, 167
tomb 159
violence 184–6
Peloponnese 46, 100–1, 229
Penelope 173, 250
in Odysseus’s dream 239–40
and Odysseus’s return 243–4, 247–8
suitors 13, 189, 229, 243
weaving 14, 244
Penisola Magnisi 229–30
Persephone 127, 128, 130, 239
Petrarch 37
Petrie, William Flinders 38–40
Phaeacians 42, 139, 162–4, 175–6, 178, 217–19, 233, 241
Phereclus 173–4
Philistines 224–7
Phoenicians 54, 61, 62, 63, 129
Phthia 199, 206
Pieria 231
Pithekoussai 62–7, 100
Plato 28, 41, 46, 86, 148
Republic 42
Pleiades 233
the Plough (constellation) 232
Plutarch 48, 49
poetry
earliest 50–1
and fame of heroes 170–1
formulaic phrases 74–5, 78–9
guslari 80–7, 88–9
hexameters 72–6
as memorialisation 99
oral tradition 68–9, 77–87, 93–6
Poland 157
Polyphemus 218, 219
Pope, Alexander xxi, 24–5, 29, 40, 46, 69, 249
on poetry 74
preface to the Iliad 6, 16–17, 18
translation of Homer 16, 17–18, 21–2, 71
Porter, James L. 76
Porto 134
Portugal 134
Poseidon 20, 29, 146, 147, 160–1, 171–2, 202, 233–6, 239
Poseidon Hippios 162
pottery 63–7, 64, 66, 112, 230
Pound, Ezra 34
Priam 42, 180, 184, 202–3, 217
confrontation with Achilles 138, 206–7, 231
death of 127
and death of Hector 128, 203–4, 206
and Helen 196–7
Pripiat marshes 157
Proto-Indo-Europeans 153–71
Proto-Uralic language 154
Ptolemaic library, Alexandria 40–4, 45–7
Pylos xix–xxi, xix, 13, 29, 100–1, 103, 110, 191, 214, 215, 229, 231, 241
fresco of a poet xix–xx, xix
Pythia 48
Renaissance 37, 40
Renan, Ernest 8, 10, 11, 14, 71–2, 75
Le Repas Magny, Paris 8–11, 8
Retjenu 210–13
revenge 187
Rexroth, Kenneth 14–15
Rhodes 65
Rieu, E.V. 22
Rio Odiel 128, 129–30
Rio Tinto 128, 129–31
rock carvings 136
Rodakino 91
Romania 102
Romans 40, 48
Romantics 16, 20
Rome 38, 48, 49
Rorty, Richard 250–1
Rousseau, Jean Jacques 52
Royal Irish Regiment 44–5
Russia 145, 157, 192, 195
St Catherine’s Monastery, Sinai 38
St Louis, Missouri 187–9, 190, 191
St Petersburg 118
Saint-Victor, Comte de 8–11, 14
Sainte-Beuve, Charles 8, 11, 14
Salisbury Plain 165
Samothrace 218
San Martín de Trevejo 134
Sánchez-Jankowski, Martín 190–1
Sansovino, Jacopo 38
Santa Maria de la Rábida 128
Sardinia 62
Sarpedon 182, 211
Saul 224–5
Saxons 57
Sayce, Rev Archibald 38–9
Scamander, river 161
Scandinavia 194
Scheria 175–6, 233, 236–7
Schliemann, Agamemnon 195
Schliemann, Heinrich 100, 107–8, 111, 151, 192–5, 231
Schliemann, Sophie 193
Schulten, Adolf 124, 127, 128
Scotland 29, 31–3, 68, 93–5, 116
Scylla 48, 228, 240
Scythians 158
sea-as-land metaphor 171–5
sea shores 29–32
Seferis, George xxii
Serbia 84, 88–9
sexuality 181, 189, 191
Sfakia 89, 91, 92
Shaft Graves, Mycenae 106–12, 117, 144, 165, 193
Shakespeare, William 3, 15, 26, 45, 233
sheep 87–8, 150, 153–4, 158
Shelley, Percy Bysshe 19, 39
Sherratt, Andrew and Susan 192
shields 100, 106, 135–6
ships
Bronze Age 115, 127–8
canoes 175
Odysseus’s raft 232–6
on Pithekoussai bowl 64–5, 64
rudders 47 and n.
sailing ships 175–8
sea-as-land metaphor 172–5
Ulu Burun wreck 102–3
Sicily 47, 102, 115, 194, 228, 229–31
Sidon 62
Sierra de Aracena 133
Simpson, Colton 190
Sinai 38
Sinope 46
Sintashta 159–60
Sinuhe 208–14, 215, 216, 221
Sirens 4–6, 5, 228, 240
Sistine Chapel 227
Skye 93, 139
Smyrna (Izmir) 48, 50
Socoh 224
Socrates 27, 28, 42
Sokos 141
songs 71, 77, 80–7, 88–93, 138–9
Sontag, Susan 250
Sophocles 147–8
Sorbonne University, Paris 72, 77
soul 112
South Uist 93
Spain 48, 116, 124, 127, 128–32, 133–41, 152
Sparta 13, 41, 48, 229, 241
speeches, composition-in-performance 77–80
Spenser, Edmund, Faerie Queene 15
spirits 132–3
spondees 73
Srebrenica 246–7
stars, navigating by 232–3
Steele, Sir Richard 17
stelae, stone 134–43
steppe culture 144–75
Stone Age 114, 135
stone stelae 134–43
Stonehenge 115
Stoppard, Tom 124
storms 233–6
Stornoway 93
Stravinsky, Igor 76
Stuttgart 37
Sumer 50–1
Sussex 99
Sweden 99, 115, 116, 136, 152
Swift, Jonathan 17
swords 100, 118, 119
Syracuse 118, 229
Syria 62, 63, 114, 120–3, 183, 210
Taine, Hippolyte 11, 14
The Tale of Sinuhe 208–14, 221
Tambakis, Lefteris 92
Tawagalawas 222
Telemachus 13–14, 32, 147–8, 162, 214, 229, 246
Tenochtitlan 217
Thanet, Kent 116
Thapsos 229–31
Thebes 100, 151, 208, 211–12, 222, 236, 239
Thessalonica 54
Thessaly 48, 76
Thestor 185–6
Thomas, Martin 30–1
Thrace 161
tin 102, 114–15, 128, 132, 194
Tiresias 34, 124, 125, 145–7, 148, 166
Tiryns 100, 106, 215
Titian 227
Toby (shepherd) 87–8
Tocharian B language 153
Tolo xxii
Tolstoy, Leo 165
trade, Bronze Age 115, 116
translations 16–22, 35–7, 35
Transylvania 192, 194
Trapani 47
Trojan Horse 43, 60, 126, 162–3, 242
Troy 180–1
archaeology 107, 192–3, 195–6
burial mounds 165
cloth-making 195–8
and the death of Hector 204–7
in Hittite tablets 223
Iliad and 60
origins of Trojans 161
siege of 187
strategic importance 116, 191–2
treasure 192, 193–5, 193
tumuli 99, 168–70
Turkestan 153
Turkey 46, 48, 102, 194, 195
Tuscany 62
tusks, boars’ 100
Tyre 62
Tyro 239
Ukraine 145, 165–8, 169
Ulu Burun wreck 102–3
Ulysses see Odysseus
Unitarians 69
United States of America 133, 187–91
Ur 51, 194
Urals 157, 159
Uruk 215
Usatovo 168–7
Vatican 38
Venetus A manuscript 38, 40, 41
Venice 35–6, 37–8
Ventris, Michael 57
Vermeule, Emily 105, 111, 112
Vesuvius, Mount 61
Vico, Monte 62
Vienna 37
Vikings 57, 194
Villoison, Jean-Baptiste Gaspard d’Ansse de 35–7, 35, 38
violence 108–9, 182–91, 199–202, 249
Virgil 17, 29, 44, 56, 69, 233
Aeneid 16, 86, 163
Vujnović, Nikola 80, 84–5, 86
Vulci 5
Wales 116, 170
warfare 182–6
warriors
beauty 136–7
Bronze Age 117–20
gang culture 187–91
and horses 161–2
Proto-Indo-European 155
Sintashta 159–60
stone stelae 135–43
The Tale of Sinuhe 211–12
wax tablets 103–5
weapons 117–20, 118, 128, 136, 159
weaving 195–8, 205–6, 244
‘The Wedding of Mustajbey’s Son Bećirbey’ 82–3, 84
Weil, Simone 182, 250
‘The Poem of Force’ 164
White Mountains, Crete 89
Wiltshire 115, 117
Wilusa 223
winds 32–4
wine cup, Pithekoussai 65–7, 66, 68
winnowing 145–7, 146
Wolf, Friedrich August 36
women 196–8, 220–1, 239–40, 249, 250
Wordsworth, William 15
World War II 89–91, 101
Wright, Richard 187, 189, 190
writing xviii, 86
Greek 65–6, 66
Hittite 216, 223
Linear A 101
Linear B 100–1, 115
wax tablets 103–5
Xanthos 161
Yeats, W.B. 45, 86
Young, Douglas 95
Yugoslavia 80–7
Zenodotus 43–4
Zeus 49, 155, 161, 184, 199, 231, 239