1. The game of love
1. Ricardo Pancho Gonzales, Man With A Racket: The Autobiography of Pancho Gonzales, as told to Cy Rice, London: Thomas Yozelof, 1959, p. 37.
2. Dan Maskell, From Where I Sit, London: Collins, 1988, p. 29.
3. A L Laney, Covering the Court: A Fifty Year Love Affair with the Game of Tennis, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1968, pp. 40–41.
4. Johnette Howard, The Rivals: Chris Evert vs. Martina Navratilova: Their Epic Duels and Extraordinary Friendship, London: Yellow Jersey Press, 2005, p. 129.
5. James W Pipkin, Sporting Lives: Metaphor and Myth in American Sports Biographies, Columbia: Missouri University Press, 2008, passim.
6. Frank Deford, Big Bill Tilden: The Triumphs and the Tragedy, London: Victor Gollancz, 1977, p. 76.
7. Helen Wills, Fifteen–Thirty, New York: Scribners, 1937, p. 194.
8. Gianni Clerici, Tennis, London: Octopus Books, 1976, p. 36.
2. Healthy excitement and scientific play
1. Roman Krznaric, The First Beautiful Game: Stories of Obsession in Real Tennis, Oxford: Ronaldson, 2006.
2. All quotes from Robert D Osborn, Lawn Tennis: Its Players and How to Play, London: Strahan and Company, 1881.
3. T Todd, The Tennis Players: From Pagan Rites to Strawberries and Cream, Guernsey: Vallancey Press, 1979, p. 38.
4. Helen Walker, ‘Tennis’, in Tony Mason, editor, Sport in Britain: A Social History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 248.
5. This is recorded by Helen Wills in her autobiography, op. cit., and the conversation occurred when she unexpectedly encountered Maud Watson, while staying in her hotel in preparation for Wimbledon.
6. See Lance Tingay, Tennis: A Pictorial History, London: Collins, 1977, for an account of the early years of British tennis.
7. A M Waser, ‘Tennis in France, 1880–1930’, International Journal of the History of Sport, Volume 13, no. 2, 1996, pp. 166–176.
8. Antoine (Coco) Gentien, Aventures d’un Jouer de Tennis, Paris-Genève: La Palatine, 1953, p. 9.
9. E Digby Baltzell, Sporting Gentlemen: Men’s Tennis from theAge of Honour to the Cult of the Superstar, New York: The Free Press, 1995, passim.
10. Anthony Wilding, On The Court and Off, London: Methuen, 1912, p. 205.
3. Real tennis and the scoring system
1. Heiner Gillmeister, Tennis: A Cultural History, London: Leicester University Press, 1997, passim. I have been reliant on Gillmeister’s invaluable history throughout this chapter.
2. Krznarik, op. cit., p. 43.
3. Ibid.
4. Gillmeister, op. cit., p. 40.
5. Clerici, op. cit., p. 36.
6. Vijay Amritraj with Richard Evans, Vijay! from Madras to Hollywood via Wimbledon, London: Librir Mundi, 1990, p. 54.
7. Richard Evans, Open Tennis The First Twenty Years: The Players, the Politics, the Pressures, the Passions and the Great Matches, London: Bloomsbury, 1988, pp. 26–32.
4. The growth of a sporting culture
1. See Norbert Elias and Eric Dunning, Quest for Excitement: Sport and Leisure in the Civilising Process, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.
2. See Neil Tranter, Sport, Economy and Society in Britain, 1750–1914, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, for an analytic summary of explanations for the growth of sport.
3. Dennis Brailsford, British Sport: A Social History, Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, 1992.
4. Steven Connor, A Philosophy of Sport, London: Reaktion Books, 2011, p. 22.
5. See Dominic Erdozain, The Problem of Pleasure: Sport Recreation and the Crisis of Victorian Religion, Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2010 for a discussion of Victorian evangelicalism.
6. See David Hilliard, ‘UnEnglish and Unmanly: Anglo-Catholicism and Homosexuality’, Victorian Studies, Winter, 1982, pp. 181–210, and Nick Watson, Stuart Weir and Stephen Friend, ‘The Development of Muscular Christianity in Victorian Britain and Beyond’, Journal of Religion and Society, Volume 7, 2005, no page nos.
7. George Hillyard, Forty Years of First Class Tennis, London: Williams and Norgate, 1924, p. 143.
8. Len and Shelley Richardson, Anthony Wilding: A Sporting Life, Canterbury: Canterbury University Press, 2005, p. 157.
9. A Wallis Myers, Memory’s Parade, London: Methuen, 1932.
10. Mabel Brookes, Crowded Galleries, London: Heinemann, 1956, p. 105.
1. Mary Blume, Côte d’Azur: Inventing the French Riviera, London: Thames and Hudson, 1992, passim.
2. Kenneth Clark, Another Part of the Wood: A Self Portrait, London: John Murray, 1974, p. 1.
3. Stéphen Liégeard, La Côte d’Azur, Paris: Maison Quintain, 1882, p. 66.
4. Brookes, op. cit., pp. 62–5.
5. Gentien, op. cit., p. 39.
6. Kenneth Silver, Making Paradise: Art, Modernity and the Myth of the French Riviera, Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001, p. 49.
7. Patrick Howarth, When the Riviera Was Ours, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977, p. 45.
8. Quoted in Howarth, op. cit., p. 123.
9. Cecil Beaton, The Glass of Fashion, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1954, p. 166.
10. Jacques Henri Lartigue, Mémoires sans Mémoire, Paris: Editions Robert Laffont, 1975.
11. Helen Wills, Fifteen–Thirty, New York: Scribners, 1937, pp. 72–79.
12. Howarth, op. cit., p. 146.
13. Teddy Tinling, Sixty Years in Tennis, London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1983, p. 40 et seq.
6. What’s wrong with women?
1. Jeffrey Pearson, Lottie Dod, Champion of Champions: The Story of an Athlete, Birkenhead: Countrywise Ltd., 1988.
2. Patricia Campbell Warner, ‘Taking up Tennis’, in When the Girls Came Out to Play: The Birth of American Sportswear, Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2008, p. 50, quoting Jeane Hoffman, ‘The Sutton Sisters’, in Allison Danzig and Patrick Schwed, eds., The Fireside Book of Tennis, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972, p. 74.
3. Todd, op. cit., p. 129.
4. Ibid., quoting A Wallis Myers, Lawn Tennis At Home and Abroad, 1903.
5. Herbert Chipp, Recollections, London: Merritt and Hatcher, 1898, p. 57.
6. Laney, op. cit., p. 49.
7. Phyllis Satterthwaite was a beneficiary of the ‘shamateurs’ system on the Riviera, described in the previous chapter, being, according to Tinling, ‘on the payroll of an important chain of Riviera hotels’. Tinling, op. cit. p. 40.
8. Helen Hull Jacobs, Beyond the Game, London: Marston, 1950, p. 95.
9. See David Gilbert, ‘The Vicar’s Daughter and the Goddess of Tennis: Cultural Geographies of Sporting Femininity and Bodily Practice in Edwardian Suburbia’, Cultural Geographies, vol. 18, no. 2, 2011, pp. 187–207.
10. Mrs Larcombe, ‘Chapter on Women’s Tennis’, in Wilding, op. cit., p. 236.
11. Gilbert, op. cit.
12. Tinling, op. cit., pp. 21–22.
13. See Gianni Clerici, Divina Suzanne Lenglen, la Piu Grande Tennista del Mondo, Roma: Fandango Libria, 2010, passim.
14. Mary Roberts, ‘Samson and Delila Revisited: The Politics of Fashion in 1920s France’, in Whitney Chadwick & Tirza True Latimer, eds., The Modern Woman Revisited: Paris Between the Wars, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2003, pp. 65–94. Originally published in American Historical Review, 98, no.3 (June), 1993, pp. 657–683.
15. Tinling, op. cit., p. 25.
16. Ibid., pp. 34–5.
7. A match out of Henry James
1. The events are described in detail in Larry Engelmann, The Goddess and the American Girl: the Story of Suzanne Lenglen and Helen Wills, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988; and also by numerous other writers, including Teddy Tinling and A L Laney.
2. Dan Maskell, op. cit., pp. 58–9.
3. Helen Wills, op. cit., p. 21.
4. Helen Wills, op. cit., p. 192.
5. Catherine Horwood, ‘Dressing Like a Champion: Women’s Tennis Wear in Interwar England’, in Christopher Breward, Becky Conekin and Caroline Cox, eds., The Englishness of English Dress, Oxford: Berg, 2002, p. 54.
6. Ibid., pp. 45–60.
7. Engelmann, op. cit. pp. 328–9.
8. The lonely American
1. Frank Deford, Big Bill Tilden: The Triumphs and the Tragedy, London: Victor Gollancz, 1977. I have been extensively reliant on Deford’s biography in this chapter.
2. Dan Maskell, op. cit., p. 251.
3. A L Laney, op. cit. p. 42, 43.
4. Gentien, op. cit., p. 66.
5. Deford, op. cit. p. 60.
9. The Four Musketeers
1. Alexandre Dumas, The Three Musketeers, London: Harper Collins, 2008, p. 15.
2. Yann Le Faou, ‘Les “Mousquetaires”, Ambassadeurs de la France’, in Patrick Clastres and Paul Dietschy, eds., Paume et Tennis en France XV–XX Siècle, Paris: Nouveau Monde, 2009.
3. Jean Michel Faure, ‘National Identity and the Sporting Champion: Jean Borotra and French History’, International Journal of the History of Sport, vol. 13, no. 1, 1996, pp. 86–100.
4. Ibid.
5. See David Gautier, ‘Tennis et Politique: l’example de Jean Borotin’, in Clastres and Dietschy, op. cit.
10. Working-class heroes
1. See Dan Maskell, op. cit., passim.
2. Ibid., p. 71.
3. Fred Perry, Fred Perry: An Autobiography, London: Hutchinson, 1984, p. 9. See also, Jon Henderson, The Last Champion: the Life of Fred Perry, London: Yellow Jersey Press, 2009.
4. Fred J Perry, My Story, London: Hutchinson & Co., n.d., Chapter XXV ‘Fred’ – by his father (Mr S F Perry fills in some gaps in his son’s story).
5. Perry, op. cit., 1984, pp. 63, 59.
6. Perry, op. cit., 1984, p. 42.
7. Ibid., p. 44.
8. Ibid., p. 45.
9. Ibid., p. 85.
11. Tennis in Weimar – and after
1. Deford, interview with Gottfried von Cramm, op. cit., p. 160.
2. Erik N Jensen, Body by Weimar: Athletes, Gender and German Modernity, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 22.
3. See throughout this chapter, Egon Steinkampf, Gottfried von Cramm: Der Tennis Baron, München: Herbig, 1990.
4. Allison Danzig and Peter Schwed, eds., The Fireside Book of Tennis, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972, p. 655.
5. Don Budge, Don Budge: A Tennis Memoir, New York: The Viking Press, 1969, p. 89.
6. Tatiana Metternich, Bericht eines Ungewöhnlichen Lebens, München: Langen Müller, 1987.
7. Budge, op. cit., p. 7; Steinkampf, op. cit. Marshall Jon Fisher, A Terrible Splendor, New York: Three Rivers Press, 2009.
12. As a man grows older
1. Paul Gallico, ‘Funny Game’, in A Farewell to Sport, London: Simon & Schuster, 1988, pp. 137–150.
2. Steve Tignor, High Strung: Bjorn Borg, John McEnroe, and the Untold Story of Tennis’s Fiercest Rivalry, London: Harper Collins, 2011, p. 48.
3. See Elizabeth Wilson, Bohemians: The Glamorous Outcasts, London: IB Tauris, 2000.
4. Deford, op. cit., p. 60.
5. Bill Tilden, a descendant, (his great grandfather was the brother of Tilden’s grandfather) told me that the tennis player’s name was never mentioned in the family.
13. Three women
1. Nancy Spain, “Teach” Tennant: The Story of Eleanor Tennant, The Greatest Tennis Coach in the World, London: Werner Laurie, 1953. I have made extensive use of the biography throughout this chapter.
2. Alice Marble with Dale Leatherman, Courting Danger, New York: St Martins Press, 1991, passim; Sue Davidson, Changing the Game: The Stories of Tennis Champions Alice Marble and Althea Gibson, Seattle: Seal Press, 1997, passim.
1. Raphael Samuel, The Lost World of British Communism, London: Verso, 2006, p. 9.
2. Baltzell, op. cit., Chapter 15, ‘Indian Summer of a Golden Age: Riggs, Kramer, Gonzales and the Pro Tour’, pp. 303–322.
3. Ibid., p. 307, quoting Bobby Riggs (with George McGann), Court Hustler, New York, Lipppincott, 1973.
4. Jack Kramer with Frank Deford, The Game: My Forty Years in Tennis, London: André Deutsch, 1979, p. 64.
5. William Talbert, Playing For Life: Billy Talbert’s Story, London: Victor Gollancz, 1959.
6. The obituary, by Jim Murray for the Los Angeles Times, is reprinted in Baltzell, op. cit., p. 242.
7. Kramer, op. cit., p. 36. See also Julius D Heldman, ‘The Style of Jack Kramer’, in Danzig and Schwed, eds., op. cit., pp. 279–282.
8. Laney, op. cit., p. 248.
9. Quoted in Kramer, op. cit.
15. Gorgeous girls
1. Kevin Starr, Embattled Dreams: California in War and Peace: 1940–1950, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 127.
2. Although Blunt’s involvement only became public knowledge in the late 1970s.
3. Tinling, op.cit., p. 126.
4. Ibid., p 119.
5. See Tinling, op. cit., chapters 16 and 17, for his account of this episode.
6. Mandy Merck, ‘Hard Fast and Beautiful’, in Mandy Merck, In Your Face: 9 Sexual Studies, New York: New York University Press, 2000, pp. 52–70.
7. My thanks to Mandy Merck for this information. In Patricia Highsmith’s novel Guy Haines is an architect, slowly corrupted and destroyed by the relationship with Bruno. Hitchcock altered the plot to create a happy ending, positioning Haines more as a victim. The decision to make him a tennis player – a simple sportsman – references his naivety, but in choosing the ‘sissy’ game Hitchcock also slyly underlines the ‘queer’ undertones of the tale.
16. Opening play
1. David Gray, Shades of Gray: Tennis Writings of David Gray, ed., Lance Tingay, London: Collins, 1988, p. 32.
2. Ibid., p. 140. The events surrounding the coming of open tennis are covered in detail both by Gray and by Richard Evans op. cit.
3. Ibid., p. 68.
4. Gordon Forbes, A Handful of Summers, London: Heinemann, 1978, p. 29.
17. Those also excluded
1. Sundiata Djata, Blacks at the Net Vol. I, Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2006, to which I am indebted throughout this chapter.
2. Ibid., p. 8.
3. Ibid., p. 18.
4. Ibid., pp. 25–27.
5. Ibid., p. 30.
6. Davidson, op. cit., p. 131.
7. Herbert Warren Wind, Game Set and Match: The Tennis Boom of the Sixties and Seventies, New York: C P Dutton, 1979, p. 126.
8. Peter Bodo, Courts of Babylon: Tales of Greed and Glory in the Harsh New World of Professional Tennis, New York: Scribner, 1995, pp. 259–271.
9. Until Kim Clijsters won the US Open in 2010 and the Australian Open in 2011.
10. Amritraj, op. cit., p. 24.
11. Ibid., p. 77.
12. Ibid., p. 164 et. seq.
18. Tennis meets feminism
1. See Susan Ware, Game, Set, Match: Billie Jean King and the Revolution in Women’s Sports, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011.
2. Billie Jean King with Frank Deford, The Autobiography of Billie Jean King, London: Granada, 1982, pp. 146–148.
3. Quoted in Susan Ware, op cit., p. 25.
4. Kramer, op. cit.
5. Howard, op. cit., p. 38.
6. Warren Wind, op. cit., ‘Texas and the New Entrepreneurs’, pp. 60–70.
7. There are many accounts of this event as all the tennis correspondents covered it. For an insightful recent interpretation see Edward D Miller, ‘Billie Jean King: the Tomboy versus the Nerd-Jock’, in Tomboys, Pretty Boys and Outspoken Women, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2011. See also Susan Ware, op. cit.; and Warren Wind, ‘Mrs King Versus Mr Riggs’, in Warren Wind, op cit., pp. 114–120.
8. Pearson, op. cit., p. 51.
9. Gentien, op. cit.
10. Pat Griffin, Strong Women, Deep Closets: Lesbians and Homophobia in Sport, Champagne, Ill: Human Kinetics, 1998, p. 17.
11. Bodo, op. cit., pp. 280–281.
12. Ware, op. cit.
19. Bad behaviour
1. See Warren Wind, op cit., ‘The Tennis Explosion’, pp. 181–197, for an account of the tennis boom.
2. Tim Adams, On Being John McEnroe, London: Yellow Jersey Press, 2003, p. 66.
3. Bodo, op. cit., p. 262.
4. Hitchcock created a murderous tennis star in Dial M for Murder, as well as associating tennis and murder in Strangers on a Train. The murderer in Woody Allen’s Match Point is also an (ex) tennis pro. However, in spite of the crime fiction association between the two, only one real life tennis player has ever been convicted of murder: In 1908 Vere St Thomas Leger Gould was convicted in France, with his wife, of the murder of Emma Levin. He committed suicide in prison on Devil’s Island a year later.
5. Ibid., Bodo, op. cit., p. 19.
6. Amritraj, op. cit., pp. 97–98.
7. Bodo., op. cit., p. 385.
8. Dick Hebdige, Subculture: The Meaning of Style, London: Methuen, 1979, p. 107.
9. Evans, op. cit., p. 188.
10. Quoted in Tim Adams, op. cit., p. 39.
11. Steve Tignor, op. cit., p. 2.
12. David Foster Wallace, ‘Democracy and Commerce at the U S Open’, in David Foster Wallace, Both Flesh and Not: Essays, London: Hamish Hamilton, 2012, pp. 127–162. (orig. publ. 1996).
20. Corporate tennis
1. Donald Katz, Just Do It: The Nike Spirit in the Corporate World, New York: Random House, 1994, p. 7.
2. Ibid., p. 11.
3. Walter Lefeber, Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism, New York: WW Norton, 1999, p. 50 et. seq.
4. Emmanuel Bayle, ‘Le Dévelopment de la Féderation Française de Tennis Sous la Présidence de Philippe Chatrier, 1975–1993: Un Modèle Stratégique pour le Mouvement Sportif et Olympique, in Clastres & Dietschy, op. cit., pp. 219–248.
5. Amritraj, op. cit., p. 204.
6. Tim Adams, op. cit., p. 98.
7. Richard Evans, McEnroe: A Rage for Perfection, London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1982, p. 36.
8. Arthur Ashe, Portrait in Motion, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1975.
9. Allen Guttmann, From Ritual to Record: The Nature of Modern Sports, New York: Columbia University Press, 1978.
10. George Ritzer, The McDonaldization of Society, London: Sage, 2004.
21. Women’s power
1. Howard, op. cit., p. 28.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid, p. 55.
4. Martina Navratilova with George Vecsey, Being Myself, London: Harper Collins, 1985.
5. Bodo, op. cit., p. 185.
6. Martin Amis, ‘Tennis: The Women’s Game’, in Visiting Mrs Nabokov and Other Excursions, London: Cape, 1993, pp. 60–68.
1. See Barry Smart, The Sport Star: Modern Sport and the Cultural Economy of Sporting Celebrity, London: Sage, 2005.
2. Peter Maxton, From Palm to Power: The Evolution of the Racket, London: Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Museum, 2008, p. 34.
3. Ibid., p. 37.
4. Ibid., p. 57.
5. Bodo, op. cit., p. 37.
6. Warren Wind, op. cit., pp. 202–203.
7. Chris Jones, ‘Nadal’s London Calling’, Evening Standard, 24 October, 2013, World Tour Finals supplement, p. 3.
8. Anon., ‘La face obscure d’un champion: Rafael Nadal, l’ère du soupçon’, L’illustré, July, 2009, pp. 32–35.
9. Paul Hayward, ‘Forget purity, sport has never been innocent’, Observer, sports section, 20 October, 2009, p. 11.
10. Owen Gibson, ‘Doping: now it’s worse than it’s ever been’, Guardian, sports section, 16 February, 2013, pp. 1–4.
23. Celebrity stars
1. Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class, London: George Allen and Unwin, 1949, Chapter x. (Originally published 1899.)
2. George Orwell, ‘The Sporting Spirit’, 1945, in George Orwell, The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, Volume 4: In Front of Your Nose, 1945–1950, Harmonsdworth: Penguin, 1968, pp. 61–62.
3. Steven Connor, op. cit., p. 33.
4. Sylvain Villaret and Philippe Tétart, ‘Yannick Noah au Miroir des Médias’, in Clastres and Dietschy, pp. 249–270.
5. See Boris Becker with Robert Lübenoff and Helmut Sorge, The Player: The Autobiography, London: Bantam Books, 2005.
6. S L Price, ‘Boris Becker: Broken Promise’, Time, http://www.time.com, accessed 3 June, 2013.
7. Andrews and Jackson, eds., Sports Stars: The Cultural Politics of Sporting Celebrity, London: Routledge, 2001, pp. 7–8. See also Barry Smart, op. cit.
8. Smart, op. cit., p 82.
9. Andre Agassi, Open: An Autobiography, London: Harper Collins, 2009, passim. In his acknowledgements, Agassi writes of the help he was given in the writing by JR Moehringer; and James W Pipkin devotes a section of his book to the very real but often despised skill of the ‘ghost’ writer, as a genuine craftsman.
10. Kyle W Kusz, ‘Andre Agassi and Generation X: Reading White Masculinity in 1992 America’, in Andrews and Jackson, eds., op. cit., pp. 51–69.
11. Agassi, p. 152.
12. Ibid., p. 168.
13. See Pipkin, op. cit., who writes insightfully of this ‘sense of an ending’.
14. Personal communication, Tariq Ali.
15. Monica Seles, Getting a Grip: On My Game, My Body, My Mind . . . Myself, London: JR Books, 2009. See also, Tim Adams, http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport//2009/jul05/monica-seles-interview. Accessed 12 March, 2013.
16. Karen Farrington, Anna Kournikova, London: Unanimous, 2001, p. 7.
17. Ibid., p. 23.
18. Michael D Giardina,‘Global Hingis: flexible citizenship and the transnational celebrity’, in David L Andrews and Steven J Jackson, op. cit., pp. 201–217.
24. Millennium tennis
1. Derek Birley, Land of Sport and Glory: Sport and British Society 1887–1910, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995.
2. By 2013 Novak Djokovic was clad in subtler and closer fitting outfits by the Japanese mass fashion company, Uniqlo; Tomas Berdych was dressed by the Swedish fast fashion firm, H & M.
3. John McEnroe with James Kaplan, Serious: The Autobiography, London: Time Warner, 2003, p. 87.
4. Peter Bodo, ‘Sprezzatura’, http://tennis.com/tennisworld/2009/06/sprezzatura.html; accessed 9 September, 2009.
5. René Stauffer, The Roger Federer Story: Question for Perfection, New York: New Chapter Press, 2006, p. 194.
6. Bodo, op. cit. 2009.
7. David Foster Wallace, ‘Federer Both Flesh and Not’, in Foster Wallace, op. cit., pp. 7–33.
8. Charles Baudelaire, ‘Landscape’, in The Mirror of Art: Critical Studies, London: Phaidon, 1955, p. 276.
9. Lynn Barber, ‘Anyone for Tension?’, Sunday Times, Magazine, 5 June, 2011, pp. 14–20.
10. Giles Hattersley, ‘New Balls Please’, Sunday Times, Style, 16 December, 2012, pp. 26–28.
11. Jon Henderson, ‘Grisly, ghastly and gripping is just how Andy likes it’, Evening Standard, 28 January, 2013, p. 59.
12. Gonzales, op. cit., p. 40.
13. Kevin Mitchell, ‘You’re going through so much pain, but you still enjoy it’, Guardian, Sport, 30 January, 2012, p. 3.
14. Elizabeth Kaye, ‘The Power and the Glory’, Observer, Magazine, June, 2009.
15. Stuart Jeffries, ‘Is Germany too Powerful for Europe?’, Guardian, G2, 1 April, 2013, p. 11.
16. Martin Amis, ‘Tennis Personalities’, in David Remnick, ed., The Only Game in Town . . . Sports Writing from the New Yorker, NY: Random House, 2010, pp. 374–376, orig. pub. 1994.
25. The rhetoric of sport
1. McEnroe, op. cit., p. 126.
2. Neil Harman, Court Confidential: Inside the World of Tennis, London: The Robson Press, 2013, pp. xi–xii.
3. Howard, op. cit., p. 78.
4. Tara Magdalinski, Sport, Technology and the Body: The Nature of Performance, London: Routledge, 2009.
5. Laney, op. cit., p. 251.
6. Mihir Bose, The Spirit of the Game: How Sport Made the Modern World, London: Constable, 2011, p. 565.
7. Ibid., p. 564.
8. Joe Humphreys, Foul Play: What’s Wrong With Sport, Cambridge: Icon Books, 2008, pp. 231–232.
9. Johan Huizinga, Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play Element in Culture, London: Temple Smith, 1970, (1949), passim.
26. Back to the future
1. Larry Elliot, ‘What if, this time, the party really is over?’, Guardian, 6 May, 2013, p. 21.
2. Harman, op. cit., p. xix.
3. Steve Tignor, ‘The Rally: The Life and Legacy of Brad Drewett’, http://www.tennis.com/pro-game//2013/05/rally-life-and-legacy-brad/drewett/47346, accessed 5 June, 2013.
4. Kevin Mitchell, ‘Wimbledon raises prize money to record levels for winners and losers’, Guardian, 24 April, 2013, p. 43.
5. David Walsh, ‘Sponsorship? I get free contact lenses from my optician in Sheffield’, The Sunday Times, 15 July, 2012, p. 13.
6. Peter Walker, ‘Wimbledon women’s Quarter-final is Suddenly Not the Name of the Game’, Guardian, 3 July, 2013, p. 6.
7. See Robert Lake, Social Exclusion in British Tennis: A History of Privilege and Prejudice, unpublished PhD., Brunel University, 2008.
8. Ware, op. cit., pp. 171–172.
9. Laney, op. cit., p. 269.
10. Harman, op. cit., p. 49.
11. Pat Cash, ‘Pat Cash in Melbourne’, Sunday Times, 12 January, 2014, sports section, p. 13.
12. Kevin Mitchell, ‘Djokovic hopes Becker’s change of mindset can bring net gains’, in Guardian, 13 January, 2014, sports section, p. 8.