2451 (2000).INTRODUCTION—Do It Yourself
1. Damien Cave, “Rage for the Machine,” Salon.com, 12 April 2000, http://www.salon.com/tech/log/2000/04/12/joy_song/. See also Dave Hallsworth, “Mobius Dick vs. the Luddites,” Spiked-Online.com, 4 July 2001, http://www.spikedonline.com/Articles/00000002D16F.htm.
CHAPTER 1— The Change
1. Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 4-5 (Modern Library, 1937). Smith got some details wrong in his description but nothing that affects his point.
2. David L. Collinson, “Managing Humor,” Journal of Management Studies (May 2002), quoted in Daniel H. Pink, A Whole New Mind (Riverhead Books, 2005), 179.
3. Robert William Fogel, The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death: 1700–2100 (Cambridge University Press, 2004).
4. Fogel, 2.
5. John Kenneth Galbraith, The New Industrial State (Houghton Mifflin, 1966).
6. Neil Gershenfeld, Fab: The Coming Revolution on Your Desktop—From Personal Computers to Personal Fabrication (Basic Books, 2005).
7. See Glenn Reynolds, “Backyard Auteurs,” Popular Mechanics, October 2005, 56.
CHAPTER 2—Small Is the New Big
1. Jeff Jarvis, Buzzmachine blog. Available online at http://www.buzzmachine.com/index.php/2005/07/25/smallisthenewbighrdepartment/.
2. Louis Uchitelle, “Defying Forecast, Job Losses Mount for a 22nd Month,” New York Times , 6 September 2003. Available online at http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/06/business/06JOBS.html?ex=1378180800&en=81557ae4e610f624&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND.
3. Mickey Kaus, “Weaving the Gloom,” Slate . Available online at http://slate.msn.com/id/2087872/.
4. John Scalzi, Scalzi.com. Available online at http://www.scalzi.com/what-ever/archives/000483.html.
5. Daniel Pink, Free Agent Nation: The Future of Working for Yourself (Warner Business, 2002).
6. Virginia Postrel, The Substance of Style: How the Rise of Aesthetic Value Is Remaking Commerce, Culture, and Consciousness (HarperCollins, 2003), 164-67.
7. Ralph Kinney Bennett, “Car Country,” TechCentralStation, 5 September 2003. Available online at http://www.techcentralstation.com/090503A.html.
8. The FAQ on eBay’s program is available online here: http://pages.ebay.com/services/buyandsell/powerseller/healthcareprog.html. eBay doesn’t pay for the insurance, but does use its buying power to make a group plan available. Once qualified, power sellers get to keep the coverage even if their sales fall below the required minimum.
9. According to Wal-Mart’s website: “We insure more than 568,000 associates and more than 948,000 people in total, who pay as little as $17.50 for individual coverage and $70.50 for family coverage bi-weekly. Unlike many plans, after the first year, Wal-Mart’s Associates’ Medical Plan has no lifetime maximum for most expenses, protecting our associates against catastrophic loss and financial ruin.” They also match 401(k) contributions and subsidize child care. Available online at http://www.walmartfacts.com/associates/default.aspx#a42.
10. Virginia Postrel, “In New Age Economics, It’s More about the Experience Than about Just Owning Stuff,” New York Times, 9 September 2004, C2.
11. Virginia Postrel, “A Prettier Jobs Picture?” New York Times Magazine, 22 February 2004, 16.
CHAPTER 3—The Comfy Chair Revolution
1. Ray Oldenburg, The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee Shops, Bookstores, Bars, Hair Salons, and Other Hangouts at the Heart of a Community (Marlowe &Co., 1999).
2. Carol Anne Douglas, “Support Feminist Bookstores!” Off Our Backs, 31 December 2000, 1.
3. Nick Hornby, High Fidelity (Riverhead, 1996).
4. Linda Baker, “Urban Renewal: The Wireless Way,” Salon, 29 November 2004. Available online at http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2004/11/29/digital_metropolis/index_np.html.
5. “The Internet in a Cup,” The Economist, 18 December 2003. Available online at http://www.economist.com/World/europe/displayStory.cfm? story_id=2281736.
6. Virginia Postrel, The Substance of Style: How the Rise of Aesthetic Value Is Remaking Commerce, Culture, and Consciousness (HarperCollins, 2003).
7. Beth Mattson, “Where Town Square Meets the Mall,” Minneapolis-St. Paul Business Journal, 27 August 1999. Available online at http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/1999/08/30/focus3.html?page=1.
8. Scott Morris, “A Third Place for Camano,” Daily Herald (Everett, WA), 5 September 2003. Available online at http://www.heraldnet.com/Stories/03/9/5/17437484.cfm.
9. For much more on the subject of malls, private property, and free speech, see Jennifer Niles Coffin, “The United Mall of America: Free Speech, State Constitutions, and the Growing Fortress of Private Property,” Volume 33, University of Michigan J.L., Reform 615 (2000).
10. Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665, 794 (1972).
11. Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844, 870 (1997).
12. Charles L. Black Jr., “He Cannot Choose but Hear: The Plight of the Captive Auditor,” Volume 53, Columbia Law Review (1953), 960.
CHAPTER 4—Making Beautiful Music, Together
1. “Mandela Steals the Show from Live 8 Rockers,” Cape Argus (Cape Town), 4 July 2005. Available at http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=126&art_id=vn20050704112543593C157427.
2. Telephone interview with Ali Partovi, 6 July 2005.
3. Walter Mossberg, “Podcasting Is Still Not Quite Ready for the Masses,” Wall Street Journal, 6 July 2005, D5.
4. Lawrence Lessig, “The Same Old Song,” Wired, July 2005, 100.
5. Jesse Walker, “Free Your Radio: Three Liberties We’ve Lost to the FCC,” Reason, December 2001. Available online at http://www.reason.com/0112/cr.jw.radio.shtml.
6. Available online at http://www.diymedia.net/archive/0703.htm#071103.
7. James Plummer, “Real Media Reform,” TechCentralStation, 20 June 2003. Available online at http://www.techcentralstation.com/062003F.html.
8. For more on this, see J.D. Lasica, Darknet: Hollywood’s War Against the Digital Generation (Wiley, 2005).
CHAPTER 5—A Pack, Not a Herd
1. Galt’s original website is at http://www.geocities.com/johnathanrgalt/; the newer version of his movement, Internet Haganah, is at http://haganah.us/ haganah/index.html.
2. John Hawkins, “An Interview with Jon David.” Available online at http://www.rightwingnews.com/interviews/jondavid.php.
3. Hawkins.
4. Brad Todd, “109 Minutes,” originally published on FrankCagle.com. Available online at http://web.archive.org/web/20041010182414/http://216.111.31.12/details.asp?PRID=32.
5. Richard Aichele, “A Shining Light in Our Darkest Hour,” Professional Mariner, December/January 2002. Available online at http://www.fireboat.org/press/prof_mariner_jan02_1.asp.
6. Mark Steyn reports one example of missing some pretty obvious warning signs: With hindsight, the defining encounter of the age was not between Mohammed Atta’s jet and the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, but that between Mohammed Atta and Johnelle Bryant a year earlier. Bryant is an official with the US Department of Agriculture in Florida, and the late Atta had gone to see her about getting a $US650,000 government loan to convert a plane into the world’s largest cropduster. A novel idea.
The meeting got off to a rocky start when Atta refused to deal with Bryant because she was but a woman. But, after this unpleasantness had been smoothed out, things went swimmingly. When it was explained to him that, alas, he wouldn’t get the 650 grand in cash that day, Atta threatened to cut Bryant’s throat. He then pointed to a picture behind her desk showing an aerial view of downtown Washington—the White House, the Pentagon, et al—and asked: “How would America like it if another country destroyed that city and some of the monuments in it?”
Fortunately, Bryant’s been on the training course and knows an opportunity for multicultural outreach when she sees one. “I felt that he was trying to make the cultural leap from the country that he came from,” she recalled. “I was attempting, in every manner I could, to help him make his relocation into our country as easy for him as I could.”
Mark Steyn, “Mugged by Reality?” The Australian, 25 July 2005. Available online at http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,16034303%5E7583,00.html. Even government employees are likely to be more sensitive to the warning signs nowadays.
7. Jim Henley, “Unqualified Offerings,” http://www.highclearing.com/uoarchives/week_2002_10_20.html#003796. Henley is quoting an anony-mous bystander.
8. Colby Cosh, ColbyCosh.com, available online at http://www.colbycosh.com/old/october02.html#sscd.
9. Kathleen Tierney, “Strength of a City: A Disaster Research Perspective on the World Trade Center Attack,” Social Science Research Council. Available online at http://www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/tierney.htm. See also Monica Schoch-Spana, “Educating, Informing, and Mobilizing the Public,” in Barry S. Levy and Victor Sidel, Terrorism and Public Health: A Balanced Approach to Strengthening Systems and Protecting People (Oxford University Press, 2003), 118. (Describes spontaneous organization in response to 9/11 attacks and recommends strategies to encourage such responses in the future).
10. Tierney; Schoch-Spana.
11. David Brin, “The Value—and Empowerment—of Common Citizens in an Age of Danger.” Available online at http://www.futurist.com/portal/future_trends/david_brin_empowerment.htm.
12. J. B. Schramm, “The Best Anti-Terror Force: Us,” Washington Post, 23 June 2004, A21. Available online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/articles/A624542004Jun22.html.
13. Jeff Cooper, Principles of Personal Defense (Paladin, 1989).
14. Sara Miller, “In War on Terror, an Expanding Citizens’ Brigade,” Christian Science Monitor, 13 August 2004. Available online at http://www.csmonitor. com/2004/0813/p01s02ussc.html.
15. The homepage is at http://www.americaswaterwaywatch.org/index.htm.
16. The homepage is at http://public.afosi.amc.af.mil/eagle/index.asp.
17. The homepage is at http://www.highwaywatch.com/.
18. Lisa Zagaroli, “Nation’s 3 Million Truckers Enlist in War on Terrorism,” Detroit News, 5 June 2002. Available online at http://www.detnews.com/2002/nation/0206/05/a05506969.htm.
19. Neil Samson Katz, “Amateur Astronomers Help NASA Find Killer Asteroids,” Columbia News Service, 5 April 2004. Available online at http://www.jrn.columbia.edu/studentwork/cns/20040405/664.asp.
20. Katz.
21. S. M. Stirling, Dies the Fire (Roc, 2004).
22. The homepage is at http://www.legionxxiv.org/Default.htm.
23. The homepage is at http://albionswords.com/armor/roman/lorica.htm.
24. Allan Breed, “French Quarter Holdouts Create ‘Tribes,’” Associated Press, 4 September 2005. Available online at http://www.wwltv.com/sharedcon-tent/nationworld/katrina/stories/090405cckatrinajrfrenchquarter. 26851646.html.
25. This didn’t get much press attention, but Houston blogger John Little posted a report with photos. It’s available online at http://www.blogsofwar.com/loot-ers_strike_in_advance_of_rita.
CHAPTER6—From Media to We-dia
1. Eric Hoffer, The Ordeal of Change (Harper & Row, 1963), 109.
2. Zeyad’s original blog post can be found at http://healingiraq.blogspot.com/archives/2003_12_01_healingiraq_archive.html#107107940577248 802. A blog report from another Iraqi blogger can be found at http://iraqthemodel.blogspot.com/2003_12_01_iraqthemodel_archive.html#10 7107057634357719.
3. Pro-democracy rallies in Iraq and more. Weekly Standard, 22 December 2003. Available online at http://weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/003/494vhvue.asp.
4. Wagner James Au, “Silence of the Blogs: Why Did the New York Times Ignore Baghdad Blogger Announcements and Accounts of a Big Pro-Democracy Demonstration?” Salon.com, 23 January 2004. Available online at http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2004/01/23/baghdad_gamer_two/index_np.html.
5. Kennedy School of Government, Case Study No. C-14-04-1731.0, “‘Big Media’ Meets ‘The Bloggers’: Coverage of Trent Lott’s Remarks at Strom Thurmond’s Birthday Party,” http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/presspol/Research_ Publications/Case_Studies/1731_0.pdf. See also Howard Kurtz, “Why So Late on Lott?” Washington Post , 10 December 2002, http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A34186-2002Dec10¬Found=true; Noah Schachtman, “Blogs Make Headlines,” Wired News , 23 December 2002. (“It’s safe to assume that, before he flushed his reputation down the toilet, Trent Lott had absolutely no idea what a blog was.”)
6. The original of this now-famous saying is available online at http://web.archive.org/web/20011214072915/http://kenlayne.com/2000/2001_1 2_09_logarc.html.
7. James C. Bennett, “The New Reformation?” Available online at http://www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=281220010507337164r.
8. See generally James Fallows, Breaking the News: How the Media Undermine American Democracy (Pantheon Books, 1996); Andrew Kreig, Spiked: How Chain Management Corrupted America’s Oldest Newspaper (Peregrine Press, 1987); Ben Bagdikian, The New Media Monopoly (Beacon Press, 2004).
9. Kennedy School of Government; pro-democracy rallies in Iraq and more, supra.
10. Available online at http://jimtreacher.com/archives/001281.html.
11. Alex Beam, “Standing Alone against Apple,” Boston Globe, 24 May 2005. Available online at http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2005/05/24/standing_alone_against_apple/.
12. See Robert Pierre and Ann Gerhart, “News of Pandemonium May Have Slowed Aid: Unsubstantiated Reports of Violence Were Confirmed by Some Officials, Spread by News Media,” Washington Post, 5 October 2005, A08. Available online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2005/10/04/AR2005100401525.html; Matt Welch, “Echo Chamber in the SuperDome,” Reason.com, 4 October 2005, http://www.reason. com/links/links100405.shtml.
13. Garrett Hardin, “The Tragedy of the Commons,” 162, a>Science , 1243 (1968).
14. Nick Denton, “Comments and Communities,” Nickdenton.com, http://www.nickdenton.org/archives/004219.html.
15. Jeff Jarvis, “Exploding Porn,” Buzzmachine.com, http://www.buzzmachine.com/archives/2004_10_22.html#008254.
16. Jonathan Peterson, “Breaking Down Peter Chernin’s Comdex Keynote,” Way.nu,http://www.way.nu/archives/000493.html.
17. Daniel Lyons, “Attack of the Blogs,” Forbes.com, 14 November 2005. Available online at http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2005/1114/128.html.
18. Dan Gillmor, We the Media (O’Reilly, 2004).
19. Joe Trippi, The Revolution Will Not Be Televised: Democracy, The Internet, and the Overthrow of Everything (ReganBooks, 2004).
20. Hugh Hewitt, Blog: Understanding the Information Revolution That’s Changing Your World (Nelson Books, 2005).
INTERLUDE—Good Blogging
1. Available online at http://web.archive.org/web/20021113004102/http://www.lileks.com/bleats/archive/02/1002/100202.html.
CHAPTER 7—Horizontal Knowledge
1. The Hephthalite, or “White” Huns, ruled Central Asia in the fifth and sixth centuries, until they were exterminated by the Persians. For more information, visit http://www.silkroad.com/artl/heph.shtml.
2. The rocket equation tells how high a rocket can fly and how great a velocity it can achieve, given its exhaust velocity, fuel, etc. For more information, visit http://web.media.mit.edu/~sibyl/projects/cognition/science/rocket.html.
3. As I write this, Biden has received $75,150 from the TV/movies/music indus-tries for the 2006 election cycle. More information is available at http://opensecrets.org/politicians/indus.asp?CID=N00001669&cycle=2006.
4. That’s actually true. I looked up all these things in under five minutes total while writing this. At least so long as “draw me a beer” means “draw me a beer and bring it to my table.”
5. Nick Denton, “Organizational Terrorism,” Nickdenton.org, http://www.nickdenton.org/archives/006004.html#006004.
6. William J. Broad, “At Los Alamos, Blogging Their Discontent,” New York Times, 1 May 2005.
7. JoAnn S. Lublin, “The Open Inbox,” Wall Street Journal, 10 October 2005, B1. Available online at http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB112890006139064049PNxxU56QuvTOicPmJSXQnDrVmn8_20061010.html? mod=blogs. Excerpt: “Technology has really made this staff dialogue possi-ble,” observes Henry A. McKinnell Jr., CEO of New York-based Pfizer Inc., the world’s largest drug maker. While being driven to meetings, the 62-year-old executive reports, “I don’t look out the window. I use my BlackBerry and answer my email.” He calls the roughly seventy-five internal emails he gets every day “an avenue of communication I don’t otherwise have.” He adds, “I really consider this an early-warning system.” I think he’s right to look at it that way.
8. Julia Scheeres, “Pics Worth a Thousand Protests,” Wired News, 17 October 2003, http://wired-vig.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,60828-2,00.html? tw=wn_story_page_next1.
9. Jesse Walker, “Is That a Computer in Your Pants? Cyberculture Chronicler Howard Rheingold on Smart Mobs, Smart Environments, and Smart Choices in an Age of Connectivity,” Reason.com, April 2003. Available at http://www.reason.com/0304/fe.jw.is.shtml.
10. Clive Thompson, “On the Media,” WNYC, 20 December 2002. Transcript available at http://www.onthemedia.org/transcripts/transcripts_122002_mobs.html.
CHAPTER 8—How the Game Is Played
1. “Violent Video Games under Attack,” Wired News, 4 July 2004, http://wired.com/news/games/0,2101,64101,00.html?tw=wn_tophead_3.
2. See her website at www.violentkids.com for more information.
3. James Dunnigan, “Troops Game Their Way out of Ambushes,” StrategyPage.com, 5 July 2004, http://www.strategypage.com/dls/articles/200475.asp.
4. Frank Vizard, “Couch to Combat: A Popular Computer Game Called ‘America’s Army’ Has Evolved into a High-Tech Tool for Training Today’s Soldiers,” Popular Mechanics, June 2005, 80.
5. Dave Kopel and Glenn Reynolds, “Computer Geeks and War,” NationalReview.com, 1 October 2001, http://www.nationalreview.com/kopel/kopel100101.shtml.
6. Andrew Leonard, “Gun Mad,” Salon.com, 18 April 1998, http://archive. salon.com/21st/feature/1998/04/cov_20feature2.html.
7. B. H. Liddell Hart, Strategy (Praeger, 1967).
8. See James Glassman, “Good News! The Kids Are Alright,” TechCentralStation.com, http://techcentralstation.com/071604E.html. (Summarizes results of National Youth Survey and related studies.)
9. It’s dangerous to make too much of any one study, of course, and studies of sexual behavior—and in particular teen sexual behavior—are probably less trustworthy than most. Another study suggests that teens are having more oral sex—which may account for the lowered pregnancy rates. See National Center for Health Statistics, “Sexual Behavior and Selected Health Measures: Men and Women 15-44 Years of Age,” 2002. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/ad/361-370/ad362.htm. See also Laura Sessions Stepp, “Study: Half of Teens Have Had Oral Sex,” Washington Post , 16 September 2005, A07. Available online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/15/AR2005091500915.html.
On the other hand, perhaps online porn—which often emphasizes oral sex—is behind this change as well. While some may feel that oral sex without pregnancy is no improvement over traditional sex with the risk of pregnancy, I suppose I regard this substitution, to the extent it’s genuine, as some degree of progress. At any rate, there seems to be no disagreement about the decline in the pregnancy rate, regardless of cause.
CHAPTER 9—Empowering the Really Little Guys
1. Richard P. Feynman, There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom, ed. Horace D. Gilbert (1961), 295-96.
2. On the artificial kidneys, see “Nanotechnology Used to Help Develop Artificial Kidney,” ABC News Online, http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200509/s1461541.htm.
3. Information on the National Nanotechnology Initiative can be found at its website, http://www.nano.gov—but information on classified Defense Department work is, of course, classified.
4. Robert J. Freitas, Nanomedicine, Volume I: Basic Capabilities (Landes Bioscience, 1999). See also Robert J. Freitas, Nanomedicine, Volume IIA: Biocompatibility (Landes Bioscience, 2003). On enhanced cognition, see Kelly Hearn, “Future Soldiers Could Get Enhanced Minds,” UPI, 19 March 2001, LexisNexis Library, UPI File (describing planned use of nanotechnology to enhance soldiers’ cognition and decision-making under stress).
5. National Science and Technology Council (2004), available online at http://nano.gov/nni04_budget_supplement.pdf.
6. National Science and Technology Council, 27.
7. National Science and Technology Council.
8. National Science and Technology Council, 33.
9. For a summary of this debate, see Judith P. Swazey, et al., “Risks and Benefits, Rights and Responsibilities: A History of the Recombinant DNA Research Controversy,” Volume 51, Southern California Law Review (1978), 1019.
10. Available online at http://www.dnafiles.org/PDFs/therapy.pdf.
11. See David Whitehouse, “First Synthetic Virus Created,” BBC News, 11 July 2002. Available online at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2122619.stm.
12. Available online at http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/MultimediaFiles/Live/FullReport/5886.pdf.
13. Available online at http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/MultimediaFiles/Live/FullReport/5886.pdf.
14. Howard Lovy, Nanobot blog, http://nanobot.blogspot.com/2003_07_20_nanobot_archive.html#105905157013774164.
15. Testimony of Dr. Vicki L. Colvin, director, Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology (CBEN), and associate professor of chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science, in regard to “Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003,” 9 April 2003. Available online at http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/full03/apr09/colvin.htm.
16. Ian Bell, “Upgrading the Human Condition,” Sunday Herald (Glasgow), 1 August 2004. Available online at http://www.sundayherald.com/43701.
17. “China’s Nanotechnology Patent Applications Rank Third in World,” InvestorIdeas.com, 3 October 2003, http://www.investorideas.com/Companies/Nanotechnology/Articles/China’sNanotechnology1003,03.as. See also Dennis Normile, “China’s R&D Power, Truth about Trade &Technology,” 2 September 2005, http://www.truthabouttrade.org/article.asp?id=4364. (“Ernest Preeg, senior fellow in trade and productivity for the Manufacturers Alliance/MAPI, warns in his just released book, The Emerging Chinese Advanced Technology Superstate (jointly published by the Manufacturers Alliance/MAPI and the US Hudson Institute in June 2005) that ‘China is right up there with the US in nanotechnology and coming on strong in biotech and in genetically modified agriculture.’”)
18. “Indian Scientists Should Make Breakthrough in Nano Technology: Kalam,” IndiaExpress.com, 1 July 2004, http://www.indiaexpress.com/news/technology/20040701-0.html.
19. Daniel Headrick, The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century (Oxford University Press, 1981).
20. Ray Kurzweil, The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology (Viking, 2005), 415.
21. Kurzweil.
CHAPTER 10—Live Long—and Prosper!
1. Robert Fogel, The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700-2100: Europe, America, and the Third World (Cambridge University Press, 2004), 40.
2. Richard A. Miller, “Extending Life: Scientific Prospects and Political Obstacles,” in Stephen G. Post and David Binstock, eds., The Fountain of Youth: Cultural, Scientific, and Ethical Perspectives on a Biomedical Goal (Cambridge University Press, 2004), 228-29.
3. Gemma Casadesus, et al., “Eat Less, Eat Better, and Live Longer: Does It Work and Is It Worth It? The Role of Diet in Aging and Disease,” in The Fountain of Youth, 201, 203-4.
4. Casadesus, 235.
5. Jonathan Swift’s “struldbrugs” lived a very long time, but aged all the while, with deeply unfortunate results. See Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels, ed., Paul Turner (Oxford University Press, 1998), 199-206.
6. Robert Arking, “Extending Human Longevity: A Biological Probability,” in The Fountain of Youth, 177, 191-92.
7. Arking, 192-93.
8. Aubrey D.N.J. de Grey, “An Engineer’s Approach to Developing Real Anti-Aging Medicine,” in The Fountain of Youth, 249.
9. Leon Kass, “L’Chaim and Its Limits: Why Not Immortality?,” in The Fountain of Youth, supra note 2, at p. 304, 309, 312.
10. Centers for Disease Control, “Ten Great Public Health Achievements: United States, 1900-1999,” Volume 48, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (1999), 241. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/epo/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056796.htm.
11. Karen Wright, “Staying Alive,” Discover, November 2003, 11.
12. S. Jay Olshansky, Leonard Hayflick, and Thomas Perls, “Anti-Aging Medicine: The Hype and the Reality—Part I,” Volume 59, J. Gerontology: Biological Sciences (2004), 513.
13. Gregory Stock and Daniel Callahan, “Point-Counterpoint: Would Doubling the Human Life Span Be a Net Positive or Negative for Us Either as Individual or as a Society?” Volume 59, J. Gerontology: Biological Sciences (2004), B554, B558. (“[T]o run a society, you have to both say no to people and to require people to do what they don’t want to do. There are some higher goods than what we personally want.”)
14. Stock and Callahan, 557: “[W]e could get a pretty good sense of likely possibilities based on our present experience. For instance, I’ve become interested in universities: What happens now in universities that don’t have mandatory retirement? First of all, some people stay beyond seventy, between 5 percent and 10 percent in the universities I’ve looked at. . . . Most importantly, they block the entry of young people onto the faculty.”
15. On the abolition of mandatory environment, both within and without the academic world, see Pamela Perun, “Phased Retirement Programs for the Twenty-First Century Workplace,” Volume 35, John Marshall Law Review (2002), 633.
16. Perun, 559.
17. 539 U.S. 558 (2003).
18. 381 U.S. 479 (1965).
19. Douglas Clement, “Why 65?” FedGazette , March 2004, http://minneapolisfed.org/pubs/fedgaz/04-03/65.cfm.
20. See, for example, Alan Greenspan, “U.S. Must Pare Retirement Benefit Promises,” Washington Post, 29 February 2004, A3. (“Greenspan again recommended gradually raising the eligibility age for both Medicare and Social Security, to keep pace with the population’s rising longevity.”)
21. Sebastian Moffett, “For Ailing Japan, Longevity Begins to Take its Toll,” Wall Street Journal, 11 February 2003, A1. See also Phillip Longman, “The Coming Baby Bust,” Foreign Affairs, May/June 2004, 64.
22. Longman, 64.
23. Ronald Bailey, Liberation Biology: The Scientific and Moral Case for the Biotech Revolution (Prometheus Books, 2005), 242.
24. Bailey, 18.
25. Bailey, 132.
CHAPTER 11—Space: It’s Not Just for Governments Anymore
1. Webb Wilder, “Rocket to Nowhere,” Acres of Suede (Watermelon Records, 1996).
2. Holman W. Jenkins, “NASA’s Coming Crackup,” Wall Street Journal, 5 October 2005, A21. Available online at http://online.wsj.com/article_print/SB112847638707060287.html.
3. NASA Contests and Prizes: How Can They Help Advance Space Exploration, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, 15 July 2004 (testimony of Peter Diamandis). Available online at http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/science/hsy94832.000/hsy94832_0.htm.
4. Alan Boyle, “NASA Announces Prizes for Space Breakthroughs,” MSNBC.com, 24 March 2005, http://msnbc.msn.com/id/7280483/.
5. For more on space elevator technology, see Bradley Carl Edwards, “A Hoist to the Heavens,” IEEE Spectrum, 21 August 2005, http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/aug05/1690.
6. Pub. L. 100-685, Title II 217, 102 Stat 4094 (1988), codified at 42 USC 2451 (2000).
7. Kucinich’s bill is discussed in Glenn Harlan Reynolds, “Moonstruck,” TechCentralStation.com, 25 September 2002, http://www.techcentralstation.com/092502A.html.
8.Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (1967), 18 UST 2410 (1969).
9. National Research Council, “Task Group on Issues in Sample Return, Mars Sample Return: Issues and Recommendations: The Significance of Martian Meteorites,” available at http://www.nap.edu/books/0309057337/html/17.html.
10. Martyn Fogg, Terraforming: Engineering Planetary Environments (SAE International, 1995).
11. Robert Zubrin, Entering Space: Creating a Spacefaring Civilization (Tarcher, 1999), 227.
12. Robert Pinson, “Ethical Considerations for Terraforming Mars,” 32, Environmental Law Reporter, 11333, 11341 (2002).
13. John A. Ragosta Jr. and Glenn H. Reynolds, “In Search of Governing Principles,” Volume 28, Jurimetrics: Journal of Law, Science, and Technology (1988), 473.
14. William Wu, “Taking Liberties in Space,” Ad Astra, November 1991, 36. This point is reinforced by recent movies, such as Outland and Total Recall, that depict life in space colonies as harshly controlled.
15. “Governance in Space Project, Declaration of First Principles for the Governance of Space Societies,” reprinted in Glenn H. Reynolds and Robert P. Merges, Outer Space: Problems of Law and Policy (Westview Press, 1997), 401–2.
16. Andrew Lawler, Lessons from the Past: Toward a Long-Term Space Policy, in Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the Twenty-First Century (Lunar & Planetary Institute, W.W. Mendell ed., 1985), 757, 762-63.
17. George Robinson and Harold White, Envoys of Mankind: A Declaration of First Principles for the Governance of Space Societies (Smithsonian Institute, 1986).
18. Bob Zubrin, “The Significance of the Martian Frontier.” Available online at http://www.newmars.com/archives/000026.shtml.
19. George Dyson, Project Orion: The True Story of the Atomic Spaceship (Henry Holt & Co., 2002).
20. In addition, the 1957 Pascal-B underground nuclear test accidentally launched a manhole cover at speeds that may have exceeded escape velocity, though it isn’t clear whether Orion researchers knew about this. The story of this test, often misnamed “Operation Thunderwell,” which was actually the name of another nuclear-spacecraft project, has sparked many Internet legends.
21. Dyson, Project Orion.
22. For Freeman Dyson’s firsthand account, see “Saturn by 1970” in Freeman Dyson, Disturbing the Universe (Harper & Row, 1979), 107.
23. Dyson, Project Orion, 119.
24. Multilateral Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water (1963), 14 UST 1313 (1963). For more on this, see Glenn H. Reynolds and Robert P. Merges, Outer Space: Problems of Law and Policy, 2nd edition (Westview Press, 1997).
25. Quoted in Jack H. McCall, “The Inexorable Advance of Technology: American and International Efforts to Curb Missile Proliferation,” Volume 32, Jurimetrics: Journal of Law, Science, and Technology (1992), 387, 426.
26. McCall.
27. 14 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1135, 1136 (20 June 1978). (“Purposeful inter-ference with space systems shall be viewed as an infringement upon sovereign rights.”)
28. J. Storrs Hall, Nanofuture: What’s Next for Nanotechnology (Prometheus Books, 2005), 284.
CHAPTER 12—The Approaching Singularity
1. Vernor Vinge, “What Is the Singularity?” Available online at http://www.ugcs. caltech.edu/~phoenix/vinge/vingesing.html.
2. Joel Garreau, Radical Evolution: The Promise and Peril of Enhancing Our Minds, Our Bodies, and What It Means to be Human (Doubleday, 2005), 21. For more on this topic, see Ramez Naam, More than Human: Embracing the Promise of Biological Enhancement (Broadway Books, 2005); Ron Bailey, Liberation Biology: The Scientific and Moral Case for the Biotech Revolution (Prometheus Books, 2005); Gregory Stock, Redesigning Humans: Choosing Our Genes, Changing Our Future (Mariner Books, 2003).
3. Erik Baard, “Cyborg Liberation Front: Inside the Movement for Posthuman Rights,” Village Voice , 30 July/5 August 2003. Available online at http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0331,baard,45866,1.html.
4. Isaac Asimov, Foundation (Doubleday, 1966), 112.
5. Jonathan Leake, “‘Miracle Mouse’ Can Grow Back Lost Limbs,” Times (London) , 28 August 2005. Available online at http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-1754008,00.html.
6. See Mark Honigsbaum, “Maverick Who Believes We Can Live Forever,” Guardian, 10 September 2005. Available online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,5282378-103690,00.html.
7. “Nanotechnology and Health,” Nature, 10 September 2005. Available online at http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050905/full/050905-2.html.
8. “Diamonds Are Not Forever,” PhysicsWeb.org, http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/9/8/16/1?rss=2.0.
9. Ray Kurzweil, “The InstaPundit Interview,” InstaPundit.com, 2 September 2005, http://instapundit.com/archives/025289.php.
10. James Branch Cabell, Jurgen: A Comedy of Justice (IndyPublish.com, 2004), 292.
CONCLUSION—The Future
1. Joel Miller, Size Matters: How Big Government Puts the Squeeze on America’s Families, Finances, and Freedom (Nelson Current, 2006).
2. This topic actually gets some attention from Gene Sperling in his book, The Pro-Growth Progressive: An Economic Strategy for Shared Prosperity (Simon &Schuster, 2005), which calls for empowering individuals as a substitute for restricting markets.
3. Glenn Harlan Reynolds, “Horizontal Knowledge,” TechCentralStation.com, 4 June 2003, http://www.techcentralstation.com/060403A.html.
4. Kevin Kelly, “We Are the Web,” Wired, August 2005. Available online at http://wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/tech.html.
5. For some extended thoughts on the pluses and minuses of democracy, and its role in American constitutional thought, see Glenn Harlan Reynolds, “Is Democracy Like Sex?” Volume 48, Vanderbilt Law Review (1995), 1635.
6. This is known in some circles as Sturgeon’s Law. According to the Wikipedia entry, there are multiple anecdotes regarding the origins of this observation. See “Sturgeon’s Law,” Wikipedia. Available online at http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturgeon’s_law.
7. Bill Quick, “Book Sales,” DailyPundit.com, http://www.dailypundit.com/newarchives/005081.php#005081.
8. Charles Krauthammer doesn’t like that one bit. See Charles Krauthammer, “A Flu Hope, or Horror?” Washington Post, 14 October 2005, A19. Available online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/13/AR2005101301783.html.