4. SeeThe Advancement of Learning (1605), II.10.13. In 1623, in the corresponding passage in the Latin translation (De Augmentis Scientiarum, IV. 2), Bacon still wants some of the arts suppressed, but he concedes that music and painting are virtuous pleasures for the ear and eye, and he distinguishes these from the voluptuary arts like cooking, and making perfumes and ‘stimulants of lust’ (Works, IV-395).

5. It appears, writes Bacon, ‘that logic differeth from rhetoric, not only as the fist from the palm, the one close, the other at large; but much more in this, that logic handleth reason exact and in truth, and rhetoric handleth it as it is planted in popular opinions and manners. And therefore Aristotle doth wisely place rhetoric as between logic on the one side, and moral or civil knowledge on the other, as participating of both: for the proofs and demonstrations of logic are toward all men indifferent and the same; but the proofs and persuasions of rhetoric ought to differ according to the auditors’ (Advancement of Learning, II. 18.4). A good place to begin studying rhetoric (classical, Renaissance, and modern) is the brief introduction by Peter Dixon in the Critical Idiom series. There is a learned book on its relationship with logic in Bacon’s day by W. S. Howell, Logic and Rhetoric in England, 1500–1700, Princeton, 1956 (see especially pp. 364–75). See also note 27, p. 34 below.