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Abuari, 162, 164–166, 168–169, 172, 173, 179, 200
Adachi Hatazo, General, 108, 419, 475, 476, 481, 497
Advanced Land Headquarters (Landops, Brisbane) see Allied High Command
Advisory War Council, 96, 249, 258–259, 270, 271, 277
age of fighting troops, 27, 128, 210, 260, 320
Ahioma, 185
aircraft
airdrops, 41, 55–56, 337–340, 366–367 see also Myola drop zone
Allied, 9, 54, 145, 231–232, 301, 306–307, 444, 478
American, 334, 389
Dakotas, 385
evacuation of wounded, 207–208, 257–258
at Gona–Buna, 414
for home defence, 72, 84
Hudson, 10, 371
Kittyhawks, 183, 185, 190, 191
Moth aerial ambulance, 371, 373
P-400 Airacobra, 9
RAAF see Royal Australian Air Force
Spitfires, 9, 72
transport planes, 125, 138–139, 152–154
for troop carrying, 43
Zeros (Mitsubishi 97s), 10, 22, 26, 32–34, 82, 85, 138, 184, 443–444, 464
Akhurst, John, 531
Akiyama, First Lieutenant, 302
Albanese, Corporal Ralph, 402, 404
Allan, Lance-Corporal, 353
Allchin, Lieutenant-Colonel Frank, 188, 481, 499
Allen, Major-General Arthur (‘Tubby’)
Blamey, 250, 339–342, 354, 523
commands 7th Division, 152, 320, 325
Japanese atrocities, 331
MacArthur, 355–356, 366–367
military record and character, 325–326
Potts, 228–230, 243, 257–258, 280
Rowell, 256, 276, 354, 443
sacked, 366–367
supply lines and supplies, 336–340, 354–356, 366
Vasey, 366–367, 383
Allied High Command
Advanced Land Headquarters (Landops, Brisbane), 123
air evacuations, 371–373, 385
Allied Naval Forces, 444–445
annihilation campaign, 411
Commander-in-Chief, Allied Land Forces see Blamey, General Sir Thomas
ignorance of terrain, 34–35, 40, 132, 163, 252, 337, 341–342, 356, 522
ineptitude and illogic of, 522–523
intelligence see intelligence
supreme commander, Allied Forces see MacArthur, General Douglas
Alola, 164, 179, 199, 200, 211, 213, 219, 251, 256, 361, 379
ALP see Australian Labor Party
Ambasi, 43
Amboga River, 432
ANGAU (Australian New Guinea Administrative Unit), 39, 56, 124, 130, 149, 205, 213, 338, 384
anopheles mosquito, 6, 23, 153, 195, 306, 332, 435–440 see also disease: malaria
Anshun (Allied supply ship), 191
anthropophagy see cannibalism
Aotsu Kikutaro, Major-General, 348
Aquitania (troopship), 22, 30, 31, 33
arms see weapons
Armstrong, Sergeant Bob, 362
Arnold, Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur, 499–500
Atebrin (malarial suppressant), 436
atrocities, 184, 192–193, 331, 447, 509, 527, 529–530 see also POWs: bayoneting of
Auchinleck, General, 98
Austin, Sergeant Victor, 528
Australia–Japan Research Project, 120, 439
Australian Associated Press, 264
Australian defences
air defences, 34
austerity drive, 290–294
Australian Militia see also Australian Militia (‘chocos’)
Australian militia, 23–25
British assurances of support, 69–70, 74–78
brownouts, 292–293
civilians, 287–299
Curtin’s policies see Curtin
Darwin see Darwin
defence spending, 72–73
evacuations, 289
Menzies’ policies, 74
National Security (Emergency) Control Regulations Act, 212–213
propaganda campaign, 295–296
proposed parachute regiment, 223–224
relations with USA, 80, 82–83
relationship with US, 12–13, 18, 103, 107, 269–270
strategic importance of Papua, 519–520
subservience to Britain, 69–72, 75
Sydney shelled, 289
threat of Australian invasion, 10, 12–13, 20, 73–74, 85–86, 111, 122, 249, 287–288, 519
two-army system, 23, 24, 95–96, 168
Australian Imperial Force see Second
Australian Imperial Force (AIF)
Australian Labor Party, 30, 80, 83, 99, 269–270
Australian Militia (‘chocos’)
3rd Battalion, 251, 329, 388
14th Brigade, 38, 126
30th Brigade, 26, 38, 452
39th Battalion see 39th Battalion
49th Battalion, 26, 31–32
53rd Battalion, 26, 29–30, 152, 250, 426, 486 see also Isurava
55th Battalion, 250
AIF and, 23–24, 188, 426
‘chocos’, 24–25, 71–72
conscription, 23, 27, 29–30
home defence strength, 86, 259
at Isurava see Isurava
loot Port Moresby, 32–33
at Milne Bay, 184, 188
Porter commands, 35–39
at Sanananda, 485–487
volunteers, 28
Australian Red Cross, 512
Australian War Cabinet, 103, 249, 266, 431, 439
Australian War Memorial, 169, 282
Avery, Private Alan, 176
Awala, 44
AWOL, 36, 93, 127
Ayatozan Maru (transport ship), 9, 14
Bakunbari, 506
Barclay, Captain Peter, 362
Barnes, Don, 205
Basabua Point, 5, 7, 9, 14, 431, 454, 508
Basilisk Bay (Port Moresby), 22
Bataan (Philippines), 106, 353, 450 see also Philippines
Battle of Midway, 113, 270
Battle of the Bismarck Sea, 530–531
Battle of the Coral Sea, 12, 17, 37, 113, 185
Bear, Corporal Lindsay (‘Teddy’), 175, 202
Bennett, Cam, 528
Bennett, General Gordon, 527
Benson, Father James, 3–7, 10, 64, 220, 267, 412, 414, 515, 529
Berryman, Lieutenant-General Sir Frank, 489, 495
Biagi people, 221, 327–328, 332
Bidstrup, Captain, 56, 428
Binandere people, 3
Binga, 397
Bisiatabu, 326
Bissett, Lieutenant Harold (‘Butch’), 140, 150, 175, 177, 178
Bissett, Stan, 139–140, 150, 177
Black, Lieutenant Albert, 383
Advisory War Council, 258–259
Allen, 250, 339–342, 354, 523
attitude to American troops, 421–422, 449, 451–452, 456, 462
attitude to Japanese, 527
attitude to militia, 25, 452, 516
Brigade Hill, 239
Buna, 464, 479
career and character, 97–98, 100–102, 339–342, 367, 431–432, 487–488, 523–524
Christmas Day (1942), 474
Commander-in-Chief, Allied Land Forces, 36–37, 96, 101, 354, 530
Commander-in-Chief, Australian Military Forces, 98, 101
commands New Guinea Force, 269–270, 276
commands Second AIF, 95–96, 98
Curtin, 98, 101, 106, 249, 270, 271, 276–277, 451–452, 523–524
field library, 385
Forde, 266
Gona, 424
Gona–Buna, 412, 414, 417, 514
Herring, 456, 474
Honner, 250
The Jap Was Thrashed, 263
judgment, 54, 130, 132, 250, 283, 522–523
Koitaki speech, 281–283, 486
MacArthur, 101, 269–270, 338–339, 353–355, 366–367, 382, 422, 450, 484, 488, 530
malaria, 435, 437, 439
Milne Bay, 184, 188
Morris, 123–124
in New Guinea, 249–250, 319, 354
Potts, 100, 278–280, 282
promoted to field marshal, 531–532
Rowell, 99, 102, 124–125, 139, 152, 180, 228–229, 249, 258–259, 270–277, 342, 523
Sanananda, 482–483, 487, 488, 494
threat of Australian invasion, 288
uniforms, 153, 250, 278
US navy, 444–445
Vasey, 124, 132, 383, 395, 532
as Victorian police commissioner, 97, 101
Blythe, Private John, 202
Bomana Cemetary (Port Moresby), 157, 191, 519
Bonney, E.G., 319
Boreo, 465
Borneo, 491
Boston Maru (ship), 397
Bottcher, Herman J., 460–461
Bougainville, 305, 532
Boughton, Corporal Charles, 495
Bowen, Private ‘Yippee’, 392
Breakey, Private Jack, 425
Brett, Major-General George, 103
Brewer, Lieutenant Peter, 52
Bridges, Philippa, 131
Brigade Hill (Butcher’s Hill), 149, 234–239, 329–330, 378, 520
Brinkley, Captain, 392
Brisbane (‘Battle of Brisbane’), 294
Brisbane Line, 86, 126
Bruce, Stanley, 85, 92
Buckler, Captain Ben, 220–221, 222–224, 424
Bulletin, 103, 295
Buna
airfield, 40, 450–451, 467
Allied air raids, 380
American field hospital, 464
Americans at, 442, 484
attack on Buna village, 452–453
battle for, 446–455, 483
Bottcher, 460–461
Buna Government Station, 43, 446, 468, 476, 477
Gona–Buna see Gona–Buna
Government Gardens, 446, 472, 475
Japanese at, 453–454
Japanese field hospital, 465
Koiwai Battalion, 364–365
location of, 6
MacArthur, 106
Nankai Shitai, 14, 18, 117, 146, 300, 312
Rowell, 354
Triangle, 446, 471–473, 475
Warren Force, 415
Burke, Lieutenant Ken, 362
Burke, Private, 248
Burns, Corporal John, 130, 247–248
Burr, Sergeant Elmer, 473
Burston, Major-Genral Sir Samuel, 436–437
Burt, Padre Fred, 134, 282
Bury, Arthur, 27
Bushido (‘way of the warrior’), 117–118, 119, 477–478, 505–509
Butcher’s Hill see Brigade Hill
Buttrose, Lieutenant-Colonel Alfred, 316
Byers, Brigadier-General Clovis, 457
Cairns, 289
Cameron, Lieutenant-Colonel Alan, 54, 56, 57, 61, 253
Campbell, Corporal Terry, 350
cannibalism
Japanese, 344–348, 353, 501, 515–516
Papuan, 3–6, 11, 156, 344–345, 531
Cape Endaiadere, 411, 446, 448, 468
Cape Huon, 12, 17
Cape Killerton, 497–498
Carlyon, Lieutenant-Colonel Norman, 97, 272, 281–283, 417
Caro, Lieutenant-Colonel Albert, 226, 237, 239, 425
Carpender, Vice-Admiral Arthur, 444–445
Casey, Major-General Pat, 132, 257
Casey, Richard, 85
casualties
abandoned, 251, 396, 398
ADSO, 202
air evacuation, 371–374, 385, 519
Allen’s, 355–356
American, 518
Australian, 27, 53, 60, 157–158, 179, 226, 302, 326–327
BIA, 433
biscuit bombs, 337
at Brigade Hill, 237, 238, 246–248, 311, 329–330
at Buna, 448, 478–479, 518–519
as combatants, 484, 492–493
crawling case, 220–221
from disease see disease
Duropa Plantation, 468
at Efogi, 246–247
at Eora Creek, 357–358, 362–363, 369–370
in field hospitals see field hospitals
at Gona, 415–416, 422, 425–428, 430, 433–434, 518–519
at Gona Creek, 419–420
at Goodenough Island, 185
at Guadalcanal, 432
at Ioribaiwa, 253, 310
at Isurava, 167, 171, 172, 175, 177, 178, 181, 311
Japanese, 53, 57, 60, 204–205, 226, 314, 326–327, 330, 380–381, 385–386, 517
Japanese medical care, 305–306
Koitaki factor, 424–426, 486
at Milne Bay, 187, 189, 191–192, 194–195
mortar bombs, 352
at Oivi–Gorari, 389, 393
psychological damage, 206, 342–343, 406–408, 533–534
at Sanananda, 486, 494–495, 499, 516, 518–519
on Sanananda Track, 403–405
stretcher cases, 199–205, 215, 241, 245, 315
suicide see suicide (self-immolation)
‘Templeton’s Crossing’, 351–352
walk back to Port Moresby, 372–373
walking wounded, 136, 150, 158, 201–202, 207–208, 241, 244–245, 417
wounded shot, 305, 315
wounds, 205–206
Catterns, Captain Basil, 363, 365, 369, 402–405, 534–535
Ceylon (Sri Lanka), 93, 320
Chaforce, 11, 419–420
Challen, Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh, 423–424
Chamberlain, Neville, 70
Chifley, Ben, 293
Chilton, Colonel Fred, 183
China, 74, 88–90, 112, 119, 414, 510 see also Nanking; Shanghai
Chinese labourers, 479
‘chocos’ see Australian militia (‘chocos’)
Christian soldiers, 100
Christmas Day (1942), 473
Churchill, Winston
AIF, 78, 87–92
assurances to Menzies, 9, 77
Australian press, 80
Curtin, 81, 83–85, 89–94, 518–519
defence of Singapore, 75, 77, 91–92
Pearl Harbour, 82
Roosevelt, 89–90
siege of Tobruk, 76
cigarettes, 206, 290, 337, 442
civilians
Australian, 287–295
Japanese, 297–299
Clampett, Sergeant (‘Shaggy’), 129
Clark, Corporal, 227
Clift, Lieutenant Ken, 347
Clinton, Bill, 101
Clowes, Captain Tim, 350–351
Clowes, Major-General Cyril, 182–183, 185, 187–189, 195, 272, 276, 437
Clunies-Ross, Professor, 288
coastwatchers, 18, 43, 419
Cobb, Captain Henry, 485–486
code-breaking units, 16–17
colonialism, 73, 117
conditions see also terrain
at Buna, 14–15, 448, 458
at Cape Killerton, 497–498
at Eora Creek, 363
at Isurava, 170, 178
Kokoda Track, 326–327
Owen Stanley Ranges, 25, 139–140, 148–149
point-blank fighting, 181
at Port Moresby, 22–23
at Sanananda, 498–501, 516
Connell, Corporal Ed, 486
Connor, Private, 353
conscription
Australian, 23, 27, 29–30
Japanese, 114
native carriers, 213, 338
Cooper, Colonel Geoff, 229, 235, 242, 246–247, 424
Cops, George, 27–28, 30, 171
Cotton, Major Thomas, 337
Cowan, Pilot Officer Warren, 10
Cowey, Sergeant-Major Jim, 57
Cowra (NSW), 533
Cox, Captain Geoffrey, 321, 362, 370
Coy, Jim, 168
Crawford, Lieutenant Hercules, 60
Crisis of Command (Horner), 263
Crombie, Lieutenant William, 346
Crooks, Bill, 206, 251, 337, 342, 352, 438
Cullen, Major-General Paul, 321–322, 359, 361, 362, 365–367, 370, 378, 380, 484, 508, 519
Catterns, 401, 405
Japanese POWs, 529–530
Oivi–Gorari, 389, 392
Cuming, Captain Joe, 424
Cummings, Lieutenant-Colonel Clem, 465
Cunningham, Padre Charles, 364
Curtin, John
austerity drive, 289–290, 292–294
Blamey, 98, 101, 106, 249, 270, 271, 276–277, 451–452, 523–524
brings home AIF 7th Division, 24, 78, 90–94, 125, 159, 521
Britain, 76
Churchill, 81, 83–85, 89–94, 518–519
defence, 72, 86, 87, 96
Drakeford, 373
Gona, 431
health, 93
Hughes, 10–11
MacArthur, 80, 103, 106, 107, 259, 270
origins, 79–80
Pearl Harbour, 82
press censorship, 264–266
propaganda campaign, 295, 526
relations with USA, 80, 82–83
Roosevelt, 91, 107
Rowell, 275–277
unions, 294
White Australia Policy, 526
Daily Telegraph, 24, 262, 264, 295
Dalby, Lieutenant Hugh, 430
Daly, C.W., 134
Daniels, Lance-Corporal Cyril, 392
Daniels, Don, 27–30
Dark, Eleanor, 292
Daru, 256
Darwin
evacuation, 5, 22
Japanese attack, 18, 73, 87, 96, 289
looting, 33, 289
Davis, Arthur, 171
Dedman, John (and Dedmanism), 270, 291
Deniki, 47, 49, 50, 52, 55, 57, 61, 205
Dickenson, Private, 425
disease see also casualties; health (fighting condition)
among Australians, 23, 31, 35, 36, 163, 184, 204–205, 342, 388, 433
among Japanese, 304–305, 332
blindness from starvation, 514–516
dengue fever, 438, 518
dysentery, 206–207, 209, 342, 388, 437, 518
malaria, 6, 23, 128, 184, 195, 305, 332, 342, 364–365, 388, 408, 412, 435–440, 484, 518
scrub typhus, 412, 438, 484, 518
Dobodura air base, 414, 442, 455–456, 489, 519
Doe, Colonel Jens, 488, 498, 500
Donnan, Captain, 344
Dorobisolo, 222–223
Dougherty, Brigadier Ivan, 280, 283, 421–423, 425–426, 429
Douglas, Irvine, 264
Drakeford, Arthur (Minister for Air), 373
Dunstan, William, 271
Duropa Plantation, 446, 465, 467–468
Dutch East Indies see Indonesia
Dyer, Private John, 403
dysentery see disease: dysentery
East Timor, 74
Eather, Brigadier Ken, 252–253, 257–259, 340, 350, 352, 379, 425–426
Gona, 415
Kokoda Government Station, 380
Efogi, 51, 131, 136, 150, 228–229, 231–232, 234, 238, 246–247, 326, 337, 422
Efogi North, 340
Eichelberger, General Robert, 442–443, 447, 456–458, 461–464, 471–472, 474–476, 479, 488, 489, 494–495, 522
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 104, 107
Elliott, Sergeant Jack, 351
Elliott-Smith, Major Sydney, 56
Ellis, Sergeant Stan, 430
Elms, Colonel George, 498
Embogi (Papuan collaborator), 64
Endo Torahei, Regimental Commander, 521
Entrance Creek, 446, 471–472, 475
Eora Creek
Fiawani Creek, 49
Japanese at, 225–227, 340, 357–373, 521
location of, 136, 162
native carriers to, 211
‘Templeton’s Crossing’, 46, 52, 156, 202, 211, 227, 340
village, 203
equipment see uniforms and kit
Evatt, Dr H.V., 78, 85, 192, 194, 290
Ewoki (village chief), 221
Fabian, Lieutenant Rudi, 16–17
Fairbairn, Corporal Russ, 202
Fairfax Snr, Warwick, 265
Fairley, Colonel N. Hamilton, 437
Far Eastern Liaison Office (FELO), 429
Faria (village chief), 221
Fayle, Lieutenant Dalrymple, 319–320, 372
Feldt, Eric, 18
Fergusson, Brigadier Maurice, 460
Fergusson, Lieutenant Terence, 460
Fiawani Creek, 49
Field, Brigadier John, 528
field hospitals
American, 464
attacked, 464–465, 474
Australian Red Cross, 512
at Buna, 465
casualties at, 201, 204–206, 208–209
at Eora Creek, 156–157, 179, 200, 201, 356
Giruwa Line of Communication Hospital, 358, 386, 398, 406–408, 411, 473–474, 478, 500, 506, 514–515
at Gona, 358
at Kokoda, 178, 204–205, 380, 385, 439–440
leaflets, 465
Myola, 371–374, 385
Rouna Falls, 208–209
Yokoyama, 416–417
Fisher, Tom, 444
Flanagan, Jack, 163
Fleay, Lieutenant-Colonel Norman, 530
Fletcher, Lance-Corporal John, 404–405
Fletcher, Private Thomas, 221, 223, 389
flora and fauna, 140, 150–151, 326, 328, 385
Forde, Frank (Minister for the Army), 102, 249, 259, 265–266, 319–320
Formosan troops, 13, 218, 300–301, 348
French, John, 191
FRUMEL (Fleet Radio Unit Melbourne), 16–17, 184
Fujita Motoshige, First Lieutenant, 144
Fukuoka Shigeji, Private, 398–399, 506–507, 510
Fusei Iawataro, 493
fuzzy wuzzy angels (Papuan stretcher bearers), 39–40, 51–52, 199, 200, 208, 210–218, 366, 384, 533 see also native carriers
Gallipoli, 70, 76, 97, 260, 473
Gama River, 188, 189
Gamble, Private Allan, 403, 404
gangs, 22, 28, 129
The Gap, 132, 150, 163
Garing, Group Captain William Henry, 32, 190–191, 530
Gates, Private George, 392
Gellibrand, Major, 97
Germany, 74, 77, 325, 417, 473, 519
GHQ Brisbane see Allied High Command
Gili Gili, 185
Gill, Private, 237
Giropa Point, 461, 476
Giruwa, 491, 496, 501, 506
Giruwa Line of Communication Hospital, 358, 386, 398, 406–408, 411, 473–474, 478, 500, 506, 514–515
Golden Stairs (Imita Ridge), 137, 256, 314
Goldsmith, Captain Douglas, 237
Gona, 282, 415–416, 421–434, 451, 483, 496
Gona Anglican Mission, 3–10, 45, 412, 414, 424, 434
Gona Creek, 414–415, 419–420, 425, 431
Gona–Buna, 411–419
Gorari see Oivi–Gorari
Gorari Creek, 45
Grahamslaw, Tom, 131
Great Depression, 27–28
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, 10, 64, 74, 108, 115, 116, 299
Greece (AIF withdrawal from), 271, 275, 322, 341–342, 374–375, 377, 423
Greene, Lieutenant Edward, 472
Grose, Colonel John, 462
Grout, Private Ronald, 361
Gruennert, Sergeant Kenneth, 473
Guadalcanal, 9, 108, 145, 170, 252, 272, 279, 300–302, 311, 348, 380, 412, 496, 518–520
American marines, 432, 442, 443
Guam, 111, 144
Guest, Bill, 33
Gyokusai (glorious sacrifice for the Emperor), 490
Haddy, Lieutenant Alan, 419–420
Haddy’s village, 419–420, 432
Hagino Mitsuo, 502–503
The Hague Convention, 192–193
Halbert, Jessie Mary, 376, 532
Halsey, Admiral William, 527
Hamada, Corporal, 59
Hanai, Captain, 406–408
hara-kiri (death as ritual), 118–120, 241, 492, 508 see also suicide (self-immolation)
Harcourt, Major, 450–451
Harding, Major-General Edwin, 442–444, 448–450, 455–456, 458–459
Harding, Vera, 294
Harper, Sergeant Barry, 43
Harris, Hamlyn, 215
Hartley, Chaplain Francis, 482
Hasluck, Sir Paul, 23, 70
Hatanaka Seizo, First Lieutenant, 165, 173
Havala Laula, 210–211, 214, 216, 533
Hayashi Hiroyuki, Lieutenant, 253, 310, 380–381, 397–398
Hayman, May, 5–7, 64–65
Hazelton, Jack, 403
health (fighting condition) see also casualties;
disease
American, 458–459, 485
Australian, 230, 243–244, 254, 260, 484–487
Japanese, 432–433
at Sanananda, 485–487
Heap, Lieutenant D.A., 495
Hedlich, Rev. Vivian, 65
Henderson, Captain Horace, 485
Herring, Lieutenant-General Ned, 101, 276, 278, 282, 338–340, 354, 395, 430–431, 434, 445, 456, 458, 459, 462, 464, 472–474, 485, 488, 489
Hetherington, John, 124, 375
Hicks, Lieutenant George, 424
High Command (Horner), 263
Hinchcliffe, Keith, 187
Hirano, Second Lieutenant, 58–59, 164–165, 173
Hirohito, Emperor, 108–109, 115–117, 165, 267, 312–313, 464
Hiromitsu Iwamoto, 217
Hirose, First Class Private, 59
Hisaeda Akiyoshi, Private, 112–113
Hitler, Adolf, 325
Hogan, Captain Allan, 205
Holland, Rev. Henry, 65
Hollingworth, Lieutenant Lance, 365
Hong Kong, 82
Hongo Hiroshi, 478
Honner, Brian, 136
Honner, Lieutenant-Colonel Ralph, 422
B Company, 167
Blamey, 250, 282
career and character, 428
commands 2/14th Battalion, 530
commands 39th Battalion, 29, 61, 99, 163, 426
Gona, 429, 434
Isurava, 169–171
medical claims of 39th, 534
no-prisoner policy, 529
Porter, 167
terrain, 140
views on losses, 136, 200, 202
Horibe, Lieutenant, 145
Horiguchi Tsugio, First Lieutenant, 121
Horii Tomitaro, Major-General
Brigade Hill, 235, 240
carriers, 217–218
commands Nankai Shitai, 12–13, 111
criticism of, 333
death of, 399
Efogi, 232
Eora Creek, 364–365, 369
grave, 533
horse, 331
Hyakutake, 108, 113
invasion of Moresby, 252, 302–303, 306, 310–311
Ioribaiwa, 255–256, 300–302
Isurava, 165–167, 172–173
judgment, 180–181
Kokoda Government Station, 154
Kumusi River, 396–400, 417
Milne Bay, 195
Oivi–Gorari, 380–382, 387
Papuans, 63
reputation, 107–108
‘South Seas Marching Song’, 118
strategy, 144–145
supply line see supply lines and supplies
withdrawal, 256, 311–314, 316–317
Hoshino Kazuo, 517
Hosier, Sergeant Jim, 189
Howard, Lieutenant-Colonel, 232
Howson, Laurie (‘Smoky’), 21–23, 25, 28, 53, 60, 129, 163, 181, 203, 209, 533–534
Hozumi, Lieutenant-Colonel, 509
Huggins’ roadblock, 482, 485
Hughes, William Morris (‘Billy’), 5, 10–11, 259
Humphries, Richard, 131
Hunt, Lance-Corporal John, 362
Hunter, Private, 221
Huon Gulf, 12, 17
Hutchison, Major Ian, 367
Hyakutake Harukichi, Lieutenant-General, 12, 108–109, 113
Iawarere, 247
Ilimo, 381
Ilolo, 39–40, 51, 135, 208
Ilomo, 222
Imamura Hitoshi, General, 312, 412
Imanishi Sadaharu, 8–9, 13, 15, 42, 45, 46, 49, 110, 112, 156, 510, 517
Kochi New Guinea Association, 120, 232, 398, 532–533
Imita Ridge, 137, 254, 256–259, 314
Imperial Defence College (Britain), 124
Imperial Japanese Army
Seventeenth Army, 108, 113
Eighteenth Army, 108, 348, 419, 507
26th Division, 507
in China, 8–9 see also Nanking; Shanghai
criticism of officers, 333, 490–491, 493–494
desertions, 492
evacuation order, 497, 500, 505–507
Gona–Buna, 411–419
Handling of Natives, 216–217 see also Papua: Japanese in
HQ in Tokyo, 109, 111, 113, 143, 312–313
Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors, 66, 115
letters home, 512–513
military training, 119
Nankai Shitai see Nankai Shitai (South Seas Detachment)
national colours, 498
officers in, 146–147
propaganda campaign, 295
quinine supply, 436, 439 see also disease: malaria
South East Area Armies, 412
strategy in New Guinea, 12–15
surrender, 511–512
Yokoyama Advance Force see Yokoyama Advance Force
Inagaki Riichi, Lieutenant, 303, 510, 515
India, 75, 90, 376
Indonesia (Dutch East Indies), 74, 87–88, 436
Ingraham (ship’s steward), 33
Innisfail, 289
Ino, First Lieutenant, 333
intelligence, 16–20, 130–131, 147, 184, 189, 273, 276–277, 369, 382, 413, 447, 489 see also Ultra (Allied code-breaking system)
Ioribaiwa, 131, 136, 139, 240, 244, 252–256, 300–302, 310, 316, 381
Isaachsen, Lieutenant Alan, 166, 168
Iskov, Bob, 206
Isurava
2/14th Battalion, 168, 176–178
2/16th Battalion, 173, 179
39th Battalion, 54, 61, 93, 126, 130, 135, 150, 151, 154, 160–161, 163, 168, 520
53rd Battalion, 161, 164–166, 168–169, 179, 258
Australian evacuation from, 199–200
Battle of, 45, 158, 161, 166–181
Isurava Memorial, 131, 176
Isuravan people, 214
Key, 219
‘Kingsbury’s Rock’, 176
new location, 136, 162
Italy, 74
Itiki, 248
Iwasa Koji, Superior Private, 216
Jackson, Lieutenant George, 495
James, Captain John, 482
James Fenimore Cooper (troop ship), 126–127
James Wilson (troop ship), 126–127
The Jap Was Thrashed (pamphlet), 263
Japan
ashes of the dead, 517–518
civilians, 297–299
Constitution, 117
family attitudes, 120
mutual cooperation pact with Germany, 74
schools, 118
women, 493
Japanese Army see Imperial Japanese Army
Japanese Government, 10, 66, 194, 294–299
Japanese Navy, 111, 113, 185, 193–194
Jaure, 222
Jaure Track, 441–442
Jenat, 5
Jenkins, Sergeant Bill, 484
Jesser, Lieutenant Harold, 131
Johns, Sergeant Robert, 529
Johnston, George, 333, 344
Johnston, Mark, 347
Johnston, Lieutenant Stewart, 179
Johnston, Brigadier William Wallace, 372
Jones, Scott, 321
Juki machine-gun see weapons
Kagi Gap, 55
Kagi village, 210–211
Kaile, 166, 168
kamikazes (suicide missions), 115, 507 see also suicide squads (‘human bullets’)
Kanga Force, 11, 530
Kawano Susumu, 515
KB Mission, 185, 187–190
Keiko Tamura, 217
Keishin Tsuno, 219
Keneally, Tom, 24–25, 526
Kenmotsu, Major, 509
Kenney, General George, 259, 306–307, 414, 444, 451, 457, 525, 530
Key, Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur, 219–220, 226
Kienzle, Bert, 39–43, 55–56, 151–153, 199, 200, 217, 326, 331, 337, 383–384, 399, 533
Kila Kila, 302
Killerton Junction, 495, 497
Killerton village, 498
King, Admiral, 107
King, Captain Cuthbert, 168–169
Kingsbury, Private Bruce, 176–177, 191, 354
‘Kingsbury’s Rock’ (Isurava), 176
Knights, Sergeant, 221
Kochi City (Japan), 8, 110–111, 120, 510
Kochi New Guinea Association, 120, 232, 399, 532–533
Koiari people, 131, 149, 212
Koitaki, 260, 281–283
Kokoda airfield, 19, 40, 380, 383–385, 414, 442
Kokoda Day, 215
Kokoda field hospital see field hospitals: Kokoda
Kokoda Frontline (film), 371
Kokoda Government Station, 13, 19, 45–50, 56–60, 113, 130, 131, 153–154, 379–380, 382–383, 519
Kokoda Track, 25, 34, 40–41, 49, 50, 127, 130–132, 135–138, 318, 326–327, 522 see also Owen Stanley Ranges
Korean labourers, 218, 301, 307–308
Korean women, 493
Kumusi River, 12, 45, 303, 388–389, 391, 396–400, 417, 419, 497, 500, 506 see also Oivi–Gorari
Kunisawa Yuki, Private, 120
Kuroko Toshiro, Lieutenant, 492
Kuru, 222
Kusunose Butai, 120, 146, 165, 303, 333, 507
Kusunose Masao, Colonel, 107, 144, 232, 477, 509, 517
Kuwada Battalion, 172, 315, 380–381, 393
Lae, 5, 11, 113, 234, 413, 530–531
Langridge, Captain Bret, 238, 330
Larr Report, 450, 455
Lavarack, Lieutenant-General John, 93, 99, 124
League of National Security, 97
Leaney’s Corner, 389, 391
Lewis, Essington, 72, 84
Leyte, 13, 507
Liberal Party, 75, 83
‘Lightning Ridge’ Dysentery Hospital, 209
Lindbergh, Charles, 347, 529
Lloyd, Major-General C.E.M., 283
Lloyd, Jack, 49
Lloyd, Brigadier John Edward, 324–325, 340, 342–343, 352, 359, 361, 362, 365–366, 370, 383, 401
Lloyd, Lieutenant Paul, 495
loads see also uniforms and kit
Australian, 39, 42, 133
Japanese, 9, 15, 44, 146
native carriers see native carriers
Longman, Dr Herbert, 385
looting, 32–33, 289
Lost Troops (Okada Seizo), 266–267, 406
Lott, Lloyd, 531
Lubini Helia, 211, 213, 216
Lyon, Major Geoffrey, 126, 140, 175, 242, 243
MacArthur, General Douglas
Allen, 355–356, 366–367
American cowardice, 451–452, 455–456
attitude to Australian troops, 25, 126, 259–260, 373, 451
Bataan Gang, 106, 457
Battle of the Coral Sea, 37
Blamey, 101, 269–270, 338–339, 353–355, 366–367, 382, 422, 450, 484, 488, 530
Brisbane Line, 86
Buna, 443–445, 450, 463, 464, 479
character, 103–106, 524–525
Curtin, 80, 103, 106, 107, 259, 270
Doug’s Communiqués, 105, 262–266, 338, 468, 494–495
Dugout Doug, 106
Eichelberger, 456–458
Gona, 424
Gona–Buna, 414, 417
intelligence reports, 16–19
judgment, 18–19, 34, 130, 232–233, 522–523
Milne Bay, 183, 184, 188, 189
in New Guinea, 269, 318–320, 325, 449–450, 457
Philippines, 106, 353, 450, 483
Potts, 279
Roosevelt, 104, 188
Rowell, 275, 277
Sanananda, 483
supreme commander, Allied Forces, 102
McAulay, Lex, 289
McCallum, Corporal Charlie, 177
McClean, Lieutenant Doug, 44, 428
McCreary, Colonel M.C., 459, 472
McDonald, Lieutenant-Colonel Warren, 400
MacDonald, Private (2/14th Battalion), 221
McDonald, Private (appendicitis operation on), 322
McDonald’s Corner, 136
MacDougal, Lieutenant Bruce, 367, 369
McGee, 172
MacGraw, Private, 164
MacGregor, Sergeant Ken, 495
Mackay, Lieutenant-General Sir Iven, 86, 95
Maclaren King (mission boat), 4–5
McLean, Corporal Frank, 128, 235, 246, 532
McLean, Frank, 434
Madigan, Sergeant Edwin (‘Meggsie’), 365
Magarey, Captain Rupert, 201, 203–204, 206, 208, 214, 215, 371
Maguli Range, 148, 244
malaria see disease: malaria
Malone, Corporal Brian (‘Bluey’), 244
Mambare River, 47, 49, 419, 432, 497
Manchuria, 414
Manchurian Incident, 73–74
Manol, Sergeant John, 168
Manunda (Allied hospital ship), 191
Manusa, Private Guy, 363
maps, 19, 55, 130, 163, 251–253, 337, 338, 350
Maroubra Force (combined militia and AIF)
Blamey addresses, 281–283
Eather commands, 252
Porter commands, 158, 243–244, 252
Potts commands, 130, 152, 158
Marshall, General George C., 107, 233
Martin, Colonel Clarence, 459
Martin, Private Stanley, 451
Masanobu Tsuji, Lieutenant-Colonel, 109
Maskiel, Private Clarrie, 243
Mason, Lieutenant, 175
Masters, Olga, 294
Matsuoka Kazuo, Superior Private, 120–121
Matsuyama, Rear Admiral, 185
Matthews, Dr Tony, 64
Mayberry, Lieutenant Leo, 425
Mayne, Private, 221
Menari, 131, 149, 239–242, 327, 337, 533
Menzies, Robert, 69–74, 77, 84, 87–88, 249, 296–297, 526
Merritt, Captain Bill, 33, 169–171
Metson, Corporal John, 220–221, 223, 389
military honours, 352, 369, 425, 473, 494 see also Victoria Cross (VC)
Miller, Captain Larry, 304
Miller, Colonel Jim, 401, 448
Milne Bay, 166, 179, 183–192, 234, 273, 274, 307, 311, 394, 437, 439, 519, 520, 527–528
Missima, 166–169
Mission Ridge, 149, 234
Monash, General Sir John, 97
Moore, Major Chaplain Albert, 127, 244–245, 314
Morimoto, Major, 348
Morison, Rear-Admiral Samuel, 531
Morita Masura, Sergeant, 232, 533
Morris, Major-General Basil, 19–20, 26, 31, 33, 36, 40, 43, 95, 123–124, 344–345
mosquito see anopheles mosquito
Moteo, 193
Mott, Colonel John, 452, 456, 459
Mount Victoria, 149
Murdoch, Sir Keith, 72, 88, 258, 265, 271
Murdoch, Lieutenant-Colonel Ken, 279
Murie, Sister, 209
Murray, Lieutenant Don 346, 403
Murrell, Len, 531
Musita Island, 446, 472
Myola drop zone, 56, 125, 133–134, 138–139, 152–154, 207, 211–213, 227–229, 233, 257, 327–328, 337, 340
Nada Ozo, 491
Nagano, Lieutenant, 317, 333
Naka Masao, 510–511
Nakahashi, Captain, 255, 313, 396–397, 398
Nakajima, Private, 453
Nakashima, Captain, 315
Nankai Shitai (South Seas Detachment)
15th Independent Engineers Regiment, 13, 110, 303
41st Infantry Regiment, 110, 173, 348, 517
44th Infantry Regiment, 8–9
55 Mountain Artillery, 146
144th Infantry Regiment, 110–112, 118, 120, 144, 146, 232, 477, 517 see also Tsukamoto Battalion
casualty rate, 517 see also casualties
desertions, 333
fate of, 509–510
Horii commands see Horii Tomitaro, Major-General
horses, 399
Hyakutake, 113
at Isurava, 164–181
Koiwai Battalion, 146, 364–365, 380–381, 398
launch overland invasion, 109, 142, 146
Moto Butai, 453
Nankai Transport Corps, 308–309
Naval Pioneers, 386
non-combatants, 382, 416–417
Oda commands, 432
Rabaul garrison, 113
Sakigawa Transport Unit, 14
soldiers, 44, 113–119
suicides see suicides (self-immolation)
Tomita Battalion, 303
Yokoyama Advance Force see Yokoyama Advance Force
Nanking, 9, 73, 114, 194, 510, 527
Naro Ridge, 49, 162, 164–167
native carriers
for Australians, 39–41, 43, 51, 125, 135, 148, 152, 153, 157, 179, 211–212, 221, 248, 326, 331, 337–338, 347, 383–384
collaboration, 213–214
conscription, 213, 338
contracts, 213
desertions, 18, 19, 153, 200, 203, 212, 214, 246, 307, 338, 340
Formosan troops as, 303
fuzzy wuzzy angels see fuzzy wuzzy angels (Papuan stretcher bearers)
for Japanese, 216–217, 358–359
loads, 211–212, 214
numbers, 142–143, 146, 211–212
Rabaul carriers, 13, 18, 62, 146, 216, 301, 307–308, 331, 353, 399
reward, 257, 384
troops as stretcher bearers, 481–482
native police, 32, 47
Nauro, 131, 136, 149, 229, 243, 244, 315, 320, 326, 337
Nelson, Hank, 131, 136, 354
New Britain, 193, 491 see also Rabaul (New Britain)
New Guinea, 5, 212 see also Papua
New Guinea Force
Herring commands, 269–270, 276, 338, 354
Morris commands, 19–20, 26
Porter commands, 35–39
Rowell commands, 124–125, 233–234
New Guinea Veterans’Association (Japan), 120, 232, 399
New Guinea Volunteer Rifles, 530
New Strip runway (Cape Endaiadere), 446
New Zealand, 70
Nishimura Kokichi, 143, 507, 509, 533
Nishio Shiro, 513
Noda Hidetaka, Lieutenant, 53, 145, 172, 238
Norris, Colonel Kingsley, 137–138, 208, 371–372, 379, 400, 534
Norrish, Keith, 227
numbers (fighting strength)
Allied, 301, 320
American, 451–452
at Brigade Hill, 241–242
at Buna, 447
comparative, 258–259, 356
Duropa Plantation, 467–468
at Gona, 430, 432–433, 434
at Gona–Buna, 413–414, 419
at Isurava, 45, 143, 163
Japanese, 517
at Milne Bay, 183, 187
at Myola, 230
Nankai Shitai, 14, 146, 228, 255, 260, 380–381
Nankai Shitai survivors, 510
in Port Moresby, 252
at Sanananda, 484, 485–489
Nye, Captain Claude, 171, 237, 330
Oda Kensaku, Major-General, 108, 432, 496–497, 501, 503, 505–507
Odell, Lieutenant Robert, 452
Ogawa, Sergeant, 469
Ohara Kizuchi, 506
Oidobi Rest House, 222
Oivi, 46, 47
Oivi–Gorari, 45, 380, 382–383, 387–395, 414, 521
Okabe, Major-General, 117
Okada Seizo, 44, 255, 266–267, 300, 302, 312–315, 334, 406–408
Okamato Shigeo, 116
Okinawa, 112 see also Formosan troops
Okino Jiro, 333–334
Okubo Fukunobo, First Lieutenant 305, 386
Old Strip runway (Cape Endaiadere), 446, 470
Oldham, Captain John, 206
Onishi Ko, Private, 465
Ono Nobuyuki, Private, 510
Onogawa, Lieutenant, 60
Oro Bay, 465
Orokaivan people, 3–6, 12, 62, 332
Otomo no Yakamochi (poet), 115–116
Owen, Lieutenant-Colonel William, 44, 46, 47, 49–50, 52, 53
Owen Stanley Ranges, 13, 17, 18, 25, 34, 139–140, 148–149, 207 see also Kokoda Track
Owers’ Corner, 40, 127, 136, 158, 208, 211–212, 318, 325
Pacific War Council, 88
Page, Sir Earle, 85, 88
Papaki, 398
Papua
Australia and, 11–12, 212, 215, 345, 533
carriers see native carriers
head-hunters, 3–6, 11, 156, 344–345, 531
Japanese in, 11–12, 62–64, 189, 192–193, 195, 216–217, 327–328, 515
population, 5
rubber crop, 432
Papuan Infantry Battalion (PIB), 7, 19, 51, 131, 201, 210
Parer, Damien, 207, 262, 264, 371
Parker, Major David, 448
Parkinson, Mavis, 5–7, 64–65
Parr, ‘Snowy’, 52, 53
Parry-Okeden, Major William, 499
Paull, Raymond, 515
Pearl Harbour, 73, 82
Perambata, 65
Percival, General Arthur, 87
Petersen, Val, 531
Pett, Corporal Lester (‘Tarzan’), 369
Philippines, 17, 19, 82, 87–88, 104, 259, 305, 461, 491
Pirivi, 57, 60
Pollitt, Lieutenant Bill, 362
Pongani, 441–442
Popondetta, 7, 414, 422, 441, 442, 458, 474
Port Moresby
air raids on, 32–34
Allied High Command, 16–17
Australian General Hospital, 282
Bomana Cemetary, 157, 191, 519
looting of, 32–33
Seven-Mile drome, 26, 34, 125, 127, 138–139, 233–234, 255
threat of Japanese invasion, 12–14, 87, 256
troops in, 31–32, 35–37
Porter, Brigadier Selwyn
commands 53rd Battalion, 161
commands Maroubra Force, 243–244
commands New Guinea Force, 35–39
critiques, 336, 415
Gona, 425–426
Honner, 167
Imita Ridge, 254
Ioribaiwa, 253
jungle training, 126
at Sanananda, 485, 486–487
Potts, Brigadier Arnold
Allen, 228–230, 243, 280
Blamey, 100, 278–280, 282
Brigade Hill, 237–239, 327, 329
Caro, 226
commands Maroubra Force, 130, 152, 158
53rd Battalion, 168–169
Honner, 428
at Isurava, 163–166, 178–179
MacArthur, 279
at Menari, 242
military record and character, 158–161, 325
Myola drop zone, 133–134, 138–139, 148, 152–154
no-prisoner policy, 529
relieved of command, 243, 257–258
Rowell, 152, 160–161, 180
withdrawal from Eora, 226–230, 244, 280
withdrawal from Myola, 228–229, 520, 522–523
Power, Lieutenant Kevin, 351
POWs
Allied, 119, 171, 220, 453, 529–530
American airmen, 7, 64
bayoneting of, 65, 111–112, 121–122, 155, 189–190, 193, 199, 223, 327–329, 347 see also atrocities
Buna, 479
Japanese, 119–122, 331, 333–334, 347–348, 394, 493, 508, 510, 515–516, 527–530
Milne Bay, 189, 192–195
Sanananda, 494, 501
surrender, 511–512
Toriko (captive), 346
press
American, 261–262
Australian, 262
Blamey, 98, 282
British subservience, 24, 88
censorship laws, 72, 262–266, 278, 282
Curtin, 80, 96
editors, 264, 291
foreign correspondents, 264
Japanese, 266–268
letters pages, 288–289
MacArthur, 103, 457–458
Press Advisory Committee, 265
propaganda campaign, 295–296
rural, 293
war correspondents, 19, 263–265, 318–319, 444 see also Okada Seizo; White, Osmar
press gangs, 13, 29–30, 62, 216, 217, 331
Prince of Wales (warship), 84
Pulfer, ‘Bunny’, 53
quinine, 436
Quinn, Colonel Lawrence, 223–224
Rabaul (New Britain), 12, 13, 32, 70, 85, 108, 111, 113, 144, 193, 300, 306 see also native carriers: Rabaul carriers; Tol Plantation massacre
brothels, 493
Japanese survivors, 478
malaria, 439
Rabi, 185
racial hatred, 295–297, 525–527
Rangoon (Burma) see Burma
rape, 112, 332
rations
American, 458–459
Australian, 148, 152–154, 224, 247
Gona, 416
Japanese, 146, 155, 185, 225–226, 241, 256, 301
Japanese starvation, 305–306, 332–333, 386, 491–492, 497, 501–504, 514–515
native carriers see native carriers
theft and sabotage, 229, 301, 307–308
Reed, Frank (‘Runt’), 129
Rennie, John, 131
Repulse (warship), 84
Retreat from Kokoda (Paull), 262
Reynold, Quentin, 200
Rhoden, Captain Phil, 149, 150, 168, 175, 177, 181, 226
Rinzo Kanemoto, Second Lieutenant 438, 491
Roach, Sergeant Reg, 425
Roberts, Lieutenant Merv, 330
Robertson, Lieutenant-Colonel William, 455–456
Rogers, Brigadier John, 260
Roosevelt, President, 81, 82, 84–85, 88–91, 104, 106, 107, 188
Rowell, Lieutenant-General Sydney
AIF, 135
Allen, 256, 276, 354, 443
Blamey, 99, 102, 124–125, 139, 152, 180, 228–229, 249, 258–259, 270–277, 342, 523
Clowes, 183
commands New Guinea Force, 124–125, 233–234
Curtin, 275–277
The Gap, 132
judgment, 130, 239
MacArthur, 275, 277
Myola drop zone, 133
Potts, 152, 160–161, 180, 243, 257–258
relieved of command, 275
Retreat from Kokoda (Paull), 262
transport planes, 138–139
Vasey, 188, 233, 239
Royal Air Force, 71
Royal Australian Air Force, 9, 10, 34, 71 see also aircraft
32 Squadron, 10
75 Squadron, 34, 183, 307
76 Squadron, 183, 307
Wirraways, 444
Royal Australian Navy, 71
Royal Military College, Duntroon, 375
Russell, Major Bill, 133, 433–434
Ryoyo Maru (transport ship), 14, 145
Saburo Sakai, 10
Sadahiro, Warrant Officer, 145, 165, 167
St George–Ryder, Corporal Harrowby, 393
Saipan, 491
Sakaki Minoru, First Class Seaman, 185, 195
Sakamoto Eizo, 119
Sakomoto, Lieutenant, 168–169, 229, 235, 237, 239, 252, 253, 301, 306, 313, 314, 316–317, 332, 333, 335
anthropophagy, 345–346
dies fighting, 391
Salamaua, 5, 11, 113, 234, 413, 530
Salmon, Lieutenant Alf, 158, 206, 531
Salvaris, Lance-Corporal Alex, 200
Salvation Army, 127, 244–245
samurai (warrior class), 114, 119–120
Sanananda, 6, 43, 375, 386, 411, 432, 452, 456, 465, 478, 514
Sanananda Track, 401–405
Sanananda village, 501
Sanananda–Giruwa, 480–489, 491, 494–495, 498–500
Sanderson, Captain, 361, 394
Sangai, 221, 223
Sangara, 65
Sasebo 5 Special Naval Landing Party, 13, 65–66, 111, 146, 193–194, 447
Sato (journalist), 315
Sato Tetsuro, 465
Sato Toshio, 65
Saunders, Harry, 129
Sawatari Zengoro, Dr, 517–518
Schroeder, Major Edmund, 475
Scott, Sergeant Lew, 509
Sebring, Lewis, 223
Second Australian Imperial Force (AIF)
2/1st Battalion, 294, 320, 359, 363, 519, 534
2/2nd Battalion, 320, 352–353, 405
2/3rd Battalion, 316, 320, 346, 367, 369, 405
2/6th Armoured Regiment, 465
2/6th Cavalry Regiment, 489
2/6th Field Ambulance, 201, 372
2/6th Field Company, 364
2/7th Cavalry Regiment, 482, 485
2/9th Australian General Field Hospital, 208–209
2/12th Battalion, 499
2/28th Battalion, 324
2/33rd Battalion, 304, 337, 388, 391
6th Division, 93, 320, 321–322, 366–367
7th Division, 90–94, 125–130, 518–519
9th Division, 93–94, 452
16th Brigade, 254, 259, 319–323, 325, 331, 340, 343, 347, 352, 359, 380, 388, 401–405, 484
18th Brigade, 184–185, 189–190, 462, 465, 469–470, 474, 479, 488–489, 495, 501
21st Brigade, 125–130, 260, 281–283, 421, 423, 425, 430, 431, 451, 484, 530 see also 2/14th Battalion (AIF); 2/16th Battalion (AIF); 2/27th Battalion (AIF)
25th Brigade, 250–252, 259, 301, 316, 320, 323, 324, 329–330, 340, 342, 383, 388–389, 414–415, 426
Blamey commands see Blamey, General Sir Thomas
cavalry battalion, 460
Churchill, 87–92
field library, 385
Great War, 76
Milne Bay, 187–188
overseas, 23–24, 70
runners, 363–364, 392
training, 34
volunteer army, 27
Seekamp, Lieutenant Arthur, 44, 45
Seibu 34 Butai, 454
Sengai, 389
Senninbari Haramaki (1000-stitch belt), 147
Sepik region, 11–12
Seventh-Day Adventists, 5, 131, 211
Shanghai, 9, 13, 73, 111, 510
Shedden, Sir Frederick, 74–75, 81, 179, 431
Shera, Captain John, 52
Sherlock, Canon Charles, 65
Shibata Yukio, Lieutenant, 63
Shigeru Sugiyama, 531
Shikoku (Japan), 13
Shimada Yuki, Warrant Officer, 120, 142, 144, 156, 178, 510, 517, 528, 532–533
Shin Shunji, 65
Shintoism, 117, 314, 430, 464, 469
Siai region, 7
Silk, Captain Thomas, 401
Silk, George, 262, 264
Simemi Creek, 446, 448, 469–470
Simmonds, Ralph, 264
Simpson, Captain, 361
Singapore, 69, 73–75, 77–78, 86–87, 259
Sinopa, Lance-Corporal, 47
Skipper, Captain Justin, 424
Slessor, Kenneth, 101
Sly, Lieutenant-Colonel Stan, 487, 501
Small Creek, 424
Smith, Lieutenant-Colonel Herbert A., 448–449
Smith, Major Herbert M., 448–449
Smythe, Private Vic, 60
Snelgar, Private, 221
Solomon Islands, 9, 142, 252, 272, 311, 325, 380, 519–520
Somare, Michael, 63
Soputa, 14, 401, 411, 441, 481, 488
South West Pacific Area, 86, 102
South-West Pacific Area—First Year (McCarthy), 262–263
Special Naval Landing Parties, 185, 193–194, 334, 386, 477 see also Sasebo 5 Special Naval Landing Party
peight, Colonel, 195
Spencer, Bill, 467
sport (Australia attitude to), 287–288, 291
Spry, Colonel Charles, 355–356
Sri Lanka (Ceylon), 93, 320
Stalin, Josef, 100
Stantke, Major-General Victor, 385
Steel, Captain Henry, 263
Stevenson, Lieutenant-Colonel John, 359
Steward, Major Henry (‘Blue’), 200–203, 206, 238, 241, 243, 254, 281, 534
Strang, Captain Roderick, 484
strength see numbers (fighting strength)
stretcher bearers see fuzzy wuzzy angels (Papuan stretcher bearers)
Sturdee, Lieutenant-General Vernon, 32
Subitana, 248
Sublet, Major Frank, 151, 172, 206, 237, 281, 423, 484
Suganuma, First Lieutenant, 453–454
suicide see also hara-kiri (death as ritual)
suicide missions (kamikazes), 115
suicide (self-immolation), 45, 107, 195, 232, 305, 433, 507–511
suicide squads (‘human bullets’), 45, 115, 164, 172, 244, 424, 495, 507
Sumatra, 447
supply lines and supplies
abandoned, 214, 242
Allen’s, 336–340, 354–356, 366
Australian, 22–23, 43, 125, 326
Churchill supplies, 143, 225, 334
destroyed, 225, 227
Horii’s, 142–143, 217–218, 225–226, 240, 260, 272, 300–301, 303, 309, 334–335, 439
Japanese, 109, 154–155, 164, 181, 183
Myola drop zone see Myola drop zone
native carriers see native carriers
native gardens and plantations, 213, 217, 247, 303–304, 315, 332, 334–335
Susuki (interpreter), 10
Sutherland, Jack, 531
Sutherland, Lieutenant-General Richard, 443, 456
Suweri, 222
Sword, Lieutenant, 171, 179
Sydney Morning Herald, 24, 96
Sydney (shelling of eastern suburbs), 289
Symington, Captain, 56–59
tactics (Japanese)
bodies as sandbags, 434
bunkers and foxholes, 369, 389, 412–414, 419, 444, 446
encirclement, 378
machine-gun pits, 349–356
night attacks, 42, 45, 49–50, 144–145
singing, 13, 187
taunts, 170, 200, 224
Takaki Yoshijo, First Lieutenant, 396–397
Takasago see Formosan troops
Takenaka Company, 496
Takita Kenji 204–205, 313, 515
Takushiro, Colonel, 109
Tanaka, Corporal, 507
Tanaka Kengoro, Lieutenant-Colonel, 143, 155, 311–313, 398–399, 491
Tanaka Yuki, 501
Tarakena, 495
Taylor, Frank, 227, 412
Tedder, Air Marshal Arthur, 98
Templeton, Captain Sam, 42–46, 53, 155
‘Templeton’s Crossing’ (Eora Creek), 46, 156, 202, 211, 227, 340, 345, 349–356
terrain, 141, 144–145, 148, 162–163, 191, 337, 341–342, 356, 357–358, 378, 388–389, 481 see also conditions
Thailand, 82
39th Battalion (Australian Militia)
age of troops, 27
AIF and, 203
B Company, 42–44, 46–47, 167
Blamey, 249–250
camaraderie in, 28–29
at Deniki, 55, 520
disbanded, 531
formation, 21–22
at Gona, 209, 426, 428–431, 433
Honner commands see Honner, Lieutenant-Colonel Ralph
at Ilolo, 208
at Isurava see Isurava
at Kokoda Government Station, 40, 49–53, 58–60, 520
medical claims, 534
in Port Moresby, 22–23, 25–26, 32, 33, 36, 37
at Sanananda, 485, 497
Seekamp’s platoon, 44–46
survivors, 519
Thompson, Private George, 424
Thompson submachine-gun (‘Tommy guns’) see weapons
Those Ragged Bloody Heroes (Brune), 263
Tobruk, Siege of, 26, 76, 98, 191, 324, 365, 423, 465
Tojo Hideki, Premier, 12, 82, 85, 289, 412, 531
Tokyo Rose, 26
Tol Plantation massacre, 111–112, 193, 393, 527
Tomita Yoshinobu, Lieutenant-Colonel, 506–507
Tongs, Sergeant Bede, 316, 329, 351–352
Tonkin, Private Kevin, 238
Tori Me (night blindness), 516
Torres Strait, 17
trade unions, 80–81, 290–291, 293–294
training
American, 442
Australian, 486
beach landings, 110
combat efficiency, 39, 43
Empire Air Training Scheme, 71
Japanese, 44, 112, 155, 324, 480
jungle, 33, 38, 126, 144, 185, 226–227, 320–321, 323, 393
manuals, 126, 155–156, 377
Traise, Cecil, 389
Treacy, Captain Maurice, 175, 220–221, 424
Trobriand Islands, 344, 521
Trothe, Private, 60
Truscott, ‘Bluey’, 190
Truscott, Corporal James, 430
Tsukamoto Battalion (1st Battalion, 144th Regiment), 7, 13–15, 44, 49–50, 58–61, 108, 172, 346, 439
Tsukamoto Hatsuo, Lieutenant-Colonel, 14, 57, 396, 492, 495–496
Tsukioka Torashigo, 66
Tsuno Keishin, 121, 394
Tsutomu (Adachi’s chief of staff), 476
Tufi, 221
Tulagi, 311
Turnbull, Squadron Leader Peter, 190
2/14th Battalion (AIF)
Blamey, 282
at Brigade Hill, 241–242
formation, 129–134
at Gona, 423–424, 433
Isurava, 164
Key commands, 219–220
on Kokoda Track, 201, 202, 213, 254, 260, 302
Rhoden commands, 149, 226
2/16th Battalion (AIF)
Blamey, 282
at Brigade Hill, 237, 241–242
formation, 93, 129, 132–134
at Gona, 423, 424, 425–426, 430
at Isurava, 169
on Kokoda Track, 156, 201, 260
at Myola, 227
at Sanananda, 484–485
2/27th Battalion (AIF)
at Brigade Hill, 234–235, 242, 330
formation, 128, 129, 134
at Gona, 415, 422, 424, 425–426, 434
at Isurava, 166, 180
lost, 246–248
at Myola, 226, 229–230
at Sanananda, 484–485
Uberi, 40, 136, 243–245, 318
Uchiyama Seiichi, Private, 468–469
Ueda Masami, 305
Uehara Tetsunosuke, Private, 255
Ultra (Allied code-breaking system), 16–17, 36, 189, 233 see also intelligence
uniforms and kit see also loads
Australian, 128, 153, 250, 278, 322–323
Blamey, 153, 250, 278
equipment, 33, 39, 132–133
Japanese, 147, 384
unions, 80–81, 290–291, 293–294
United States of America
32nd Division, 439, 442, 451–452, 456, 479
41st Division, 451
43rd Bombardment Group, 307
126th Regiment, 222–224, 462
127th Regiment, 456, 489
128th Regiment, 448, 460
163rd Regiment, 488, 489
American cowardice, 451–452, 455–456, 462, 516, 520
arrive in New Guinea, 441–445
Australian relationship, 12–13, 18, 103, 107, 269–270
Australian women and American servicemen, 294–295
black troops, 75–76
cases of malaria, 439
Christmas hampers, 474
evacuation plan, 443
exports to Japan, 74
‘Germany First’ policy, 84–85, 107
at Gona–Buna, 414
Guadalcanal, 520
Milne Bay, 183
troops, 106, 259–260, 263, 278
Urbana Force, 447, 448–449, 459
US navy, 443–445
Warren Force, 415, 447, 459
‘Unwrapped Chocolate Soldier’ (ballad), 25
Valli, Private Maurice, 424
Van Der Graff, General, 432
Varnum, Private Arnold, 404
Vasey, Major-General George
Allen, 341, 366–367, 383
Allied High Command, 233
Australian Militia, 39
Blamey, 124, 132, 383, 395, 532
‘Butcher George’, 485
character and career, 374–378, 488, 532
commands 6th Division, 366–367, 378
flying foxes, 400
Gona, 421, 423, 425
Gona–Buna, 412
Japanese ‘tiger’, 323–324
Kokoda Government Station, 379–380, 382–383
Kumusi River, 400
native carriers, 384
no-prisoner policy, 529
Oivi–Gorari, 387–389, 394–395
Owen Stanley Ranges, 132
Rowell, 188, 233, 239
at Sanananda, 449, 482, 485, 488–489, 495–497, 501, 518
Vernon, Captain Geoffrey, 40, 49–52, 136, 157, 161, 199, 207, 213, 241, 257, 327–328, 384, 533
Victoria Cross (VC), 76, 176–177, 191, 251, 402 see also military honours
Viner-Smith, Captain Keith, 246–247
Wada Kiyoshi, Private, 492, 501–504
Waga Waga, 193
Wairopi Bridge, 45, 150, 307, 399
Wakefield, Private, 175
Waldron, Major-General Albert, 444, 462
Wallman, Captain, 201
Wamai, 302
Wanadela, 193
Wanigela, 273, 442
war crimes, 184, 192–193, 331, 509, 529–530 see also POWs: bayoneting of
Ward, Private Bert, 237
Ward, Eddie, 71, 86
Ward, Lieutenant-Colonel Kenneth H., 166, 168–169
Watanabe Fukuichi, Second-Lieutenant, 119, 146–147, 398, 492, 512
Watanabe Toshio, Private, 15, 58, 310
Watson, Ray, 231
Watson, Major W.T., 52
Wau, 274, 413, 529, 530
Waugh, Evelyn, 321
Wavell, General, 88
Weakley, Ron, 531
weapons
abandoned, 179, 313
aerial snipers, 413
anti-tank, 495
artillery, 444–445, 448, 470
Australian, 132–133, 153, 313–314
booby traps, 164, 301, 304, 327, 347
corpses as decoys, 164
explosive bullets, 361
flamethrowers, 412
food as bait, 253
fused bombs, 429
grenades, 45, 235, 301, 327
Japanese, 45, 146–147, 417 see also suicide squads (‘human bullets’)
Juki machine-gun, 45, 146–147, 167, 235, 237–238, 349, 358, 401–402, 405, 415–416, 423–424
leaflets, 429, 454, 483, 492, 532
mortar bombs, 352, 363, 365–366
mountain artillery, 45, 205–206, 391
phosphorus grenades, 467
‘sticky bombs’, 187–188
tanks, 183, 187, 444, 465–470, 477, 489, 495–496
Thompson submachine-gun (‘Tommy guns’), 33, 55, 133
troop carriers, 460
Vickers machine-guns, 73, 133, 231, 257, 337, 467
Webb Royal Commission Report, 184, 192–193
Wewak, 63, 535
Whelan, Private Kevin (‘Spud’), 209
White Army, 97
White Australia Policy, 75–76, 526
White, Lieutenant Charles, 424
White, Osmar, 11, 22, 125, 127–128, 202, 207–208, 262
Whitehead, Brigadier-General Ennis, 138
Wilkinson, Colonel G.H., 104
Wilkinson, Warrant Officer Jack, 43, 50, 54, 60–61
Wilkinson, Private John, 202
Williams, Corporal, 247–248
Willoughby, Brigadier-General Charles, 18–19, 130, 522
Wilmot, Chester, 16, 19, 102, 153, 200, 213, 214, 240, 262, 278–279
Wingate, Orde, 11, 223
Winkle, Lieutenant Fred, 380
women, 288–289, 292, 294–295, 493
Wootten, Brigadier George, 172, 183, 189, 452, 462, 465, 467, 476, 479, 488–489, 495, 497–499
Wootten, Roy, 30
World War I, 76, 104, 251, 375–376, 423, 473
World War II, 98, 100, 124
Wynd, Private Gavin, 361
Yamada Kuzuo, 146
Yamagata Tsuyuo, Major-General, 419, 453, 477, 496–497, 500–501, 505, 507
Yamamoto Battalion, 414, 447, 470
Yamamoto Kiyoshi, Private, 394
Yamamoto Shigeaki, Colonel, 414, 447, 470, 477–478, 509
Yamasaki (survivor of 144th Regiment), 120, 142, 156, 178, 517, 528, 532–533
Yanagizawa Eiichi, 348
Yasuda Naval Landing Force, 477
Yasuda Yoshitatsu, Colonel, 476–478
Yasuoka Fumitoshi, 346
Yazawa Butai, 53, 119, 146, 173, 391, 416–417, 512
Yazawa, Colonel, 364, 396–397, 477, 492, 500
Yeo, Private, 221
Yodda goldfield, 131, 384
Yokoyama Advance Force
15th Independent Engineers Regiment see Nankai Shitai (South Seas Detachment)
Formosan troops see Formosan troops
Kokoda Track, 44, 62, 109, 110, 113, 146, 152
lands at Gona, 4–7, 13–15, 32, 38, 43, 134, 496
Rabaul natives see native carriers: Rabaul natives
Sasebo 5 see Sasebo 5 Special Naval Landing Party
Yokoyama Battalion, 53
Yokoyama Hospital, 416–417
Yokoyama Yosuke, Colonel, 8, 9, 13–14, 432, 464, 492, 496
Yoshihara Tsutomu, 507
Yoshikawa, Sergeant, 507
Yoshimoto Yoshihiro, First Class Private, 493
Zanker, Private Alf, 247–248
Zuikaku (ship), 13