* In 1959 Yokoyama was asked to explain his decision to retreat without orders: ‘On 17 January,’ he said, ‘the artillery attack became more severe…we tried to attack, but there were only about ten of us who were mobile…I had a high fever of forty degrees…In front of my men I had to crawl into the sea and stay in the water for about thirty minutes with diarrhoea. On the evening of 17 January…the artillery attacks became more incessant. Thunder and lightning brought drenching rain. Our fox holes were filled with water and there was no boundary between the sea and the ground.’ (See The Human Face of War—Unauthorised Retreat from Buna? Australia–Japan Research project, AWM.)