Index

Adolphe (Constant), 118

The Age of Capital (Hobsbawm), 32, 187n9

Alberti, Leon Battista, 104

Americanization, 88–90, 134, 168–69, 172–73, 175

American Nervousness (Beard), 90–91

Amherst College, 181n1

Amish, 6, 7

The Ancien Régime and the Revolution (Tocqueville), 136–37, 210n26

ancients and moderns

on liberty, 116, 125–26

quarrel over nature, 104–5

quarrel over variety, 104–5, 201n27

Anderson, Benedict, 55–56

And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street (Seuss), 92

anti-Semitism, 164–65

Arab language, 54

Ariès, M. Philippe, 61–62, 63, 65, 192n2

Arz, Frederick B., 208n9

Asian American actors, 6, 7

Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 43

Autobiography (Mill), 149

Babel, Tower of, 41, 42, 189n38

Barére, Bertrand, 112

Beard, George Miller, 90–91

Beaumont, Gustave de, 134–35

Beckert, Sven, 31, 32

Beckett, Samuel, 27, 186n51

Bell, Daniel, 22

Benjamin, Walter, 65, 91, 193n11

“Berlin Childhood around 1900,” 71

on boredom and storytelling, 67, 72

on childhood, 71

on decline of storytelling, 12, 66–70

industry of, 71, 194n24

McMurtry and, 68–72, 194n24

scholarship on works of, 70, 71

“The Storyteller” (Benjamin), 12, 67–70, 72

Berlin, Isaiah, 113, 203n58, 204n61

“Berlin Childhood around 1900” (Benjamin), 71

Binswanger, Ludwig, 90

biodiversity, 123, 151. See also variety

cultural diversity and, 44, 45

Darwin on, 10, 93–94

language diversity and, 44, 45, 48, 50 biodiversity loss

biological homogenization and, 45–48

human diversity and, 10

language diversity decline and, 44, 45, 48, 50

species extinction and, 9, 45, 48

biological homogenization, 45–48, 59

blue jeans, 29–30, 38

Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon Bonaparte

boredom

childhood and, 91

curiosity and, 91–92

experience and, 67–68, 72

history of, 72–73

modern society and, 73

old and new types, 88

play and, 73–74, 87, 88

storytelling and, 67–68, 72

US and European, 88

Bourne, Randolph, 168–69, 171, 172

Brave New World (Huxley), 80

British Quarterly Review, 147–48

Brown, Stuart, 79

Browning pistol, 121, 206n87

Bruegel, Pieter, 62, 193n3

Burckhardt, Jacob, 155–59, 214n91

Burke, Edmund, 122, 123

Butler, Judith, 184n37

Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Piketty), 24

capitalism, 27, 30, 56–57

Americanization and, 89–90

clothing and, 30, 186n2

conservatives and, 177

liberal, 22

Carlyle, Jane, 152–53, 213n73

Carlyle, Thomas, 30–31, 152, 177

celebration of diversity. See diversity supporters

Centuries of Childhood (Ariès), 61

The Century of the Child (Key), 64, 193n8

Chekhov, Anton, 73

childhood. See also play and activities

Benjamin and, 71

boredom and, 91

of common people, 63–64

emergence of, 63, 64

experience and, 12–14, 65, 71

experiential diversity and, 12–14, 71, 74

experiential openness in, 92

fetishization of, 64

historical transformation of, 62–65

medieval society and, 61, 62, 65

middle class, 65–66

modern society and, 61–62, 65–66, 71

nervousness in, 91

threats to, 13–14

travel to school, 84–85, 197n76

of wealthy, 63

childhood, diversity and, 11, 62

closing of experiential diversity and eclipse of, 12–14

modern society and, 71

play and, 74, 76, 79, 82

transformation of, 63

childhood, eclipse of, 65. See also play, decline of unsupervised and unstructured

closing of experiential diversity and, 12–14

modern society and, 13–14

Children’s Games, 62, 193n3

Chinese homogeneity, 145, 155

Chomsky, Noam, 40

Chrysippus, 94

Chudacoff, Howard P., 76

Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (Burckhardt), 155, 156–57

class

middle, 65–66

uniformity of dress and, 37, 38–39

working, 25–26, 37–39

clothing

capitalism and, 30, 186n2

class and, 37, 38–39

cotton, 31–32, 36–38

history, 30–39, 186n3, 187n20

for men, 33–34

poverty and, 38–39

ready-to-wear, 33–34

West and, 32–39, 187n20

for women, 33

clothing, diversity and, 11, 29. See also uniformity of dress

history, 33–39, 187n20

commercial society, 135, 136, 141–42, 159

Common Language Guide (Amherst College), 181n1

common people, childhood of, 63–64

Connell, Bruce, 43

conservatives

capitalism and, 177

on diversity and uniformity, 122–25

Mannheim on, 123

modern society and, 122

on uniformity, 122–25

universities, diversity and, 3, 176

Constant, Benjamin, 126, 205n68, 207n98, 209n15

Adolphe, 118

“On the Liberty of the Ancients Compared with that of the Moderns,” 116

The Spirit of Conquest and Usurpation and Their Relation to European Civilization, 116–17

Tocqueville and, 132, 209n13

on uniformity, 115–18, 124–25, 127, 175

Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds, (Fontenelle), 95, 199n9

Copernicus, 95

corporations, diversity and, 5, 8, 176

cotton

clothing, 31–32, 36–38

Empire of Cotton, 31, 32

khadi, 36–37

counter-Enlightenment, 121–22, 125

Cowen, Tyler, 162–63

Crystal, David, 43, 49

cult of diversity, 1, 46, 120

cultural diversity, 49

biodiversity and, 44, 45

economic inequality and, 50–51

language diversity and, 59

loss of, 50–51

cultural homogenization, 47, 59

cultural pluralism, 171–73, 217n138

culture

language and, 51

liberal rights and, 120–21

loss of, 50

mass, 178, 179

play and, 74

ugly and suppressive, 50

universities, diversity and, 3

Curtis, Henry, 82

Dalby, Liza, 34

Dargan, Amanda, 79

Darwin, Charles, 10, 93–94, 98–99

decline of diversity. See eclipse of diversity

decline of storytelling. See storytelling, decline of

Defoe, Daniel, 38, 64

Degas, Edgar, 32, 187n9

democracy

dictatorship and, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132

diversity and, 131, 135–36

education for, 183n27

fall of, 128–29, 130, 179

fragility of, 18, 19, 128

individuality and, 17, 19, 128, 131, 132, 135–36

masses and, 20, 128, 157

Nazism and, 128–29

play and, 15, 87

Tocqueville on, 133, 135–36, 140–42, 210n25

uniformity and, 128, 135–36, 179

Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 133, 135, 136, 138–41, 210n25, 211n29

Dewey, John, 183n27

dictatorship

democracy and, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132

of Napoleon, Louis, 130, 131, 132

The Disappearance of Childhood (Postman), 14, 65

discrimination, diversity and, 8

diversitarianism, 120

diversity. See also variety; specific topics

complexity of roadmap of, 3

encyclopedias and handbooks on, 2

increase as self-evident, 5

as negative, 121

as objective, 11, 29

religion of, 4

vastness of enterprise of, 2

diversity, as subjective, 11, 29, 62. See also childhood, diversity and

diversity crisis, 44–45

diversity criticism, 1, 4–5, 8, 177–78

diversity supporters and, 9, 45, 49–50

of 19th-century thinkers, 16, 18, 179

diversity ideology

criticism of, 177

distortions of, 11

fraternity and, 9

diversity jargon, 4, 8, 20–21

diversity studies, in universities

books, 2, 182n7

NADOHE, 181n1

projects, programs and officers, 1, 181n1

diversity supporters

biological homogenization and, 47–48

diversity criticism and, 9, 45, 49–50

Enlightenment philosophers as, 106, 113–15

in modern society, 97, 100, 101, 103–4, 113–15, 175

19th-century thinkers as, 99–100, 106, 119, 121

diversity talk

jargon, 4, 8, 20–21

without praise, 182n16

The Division of Labor in Society (Durkheim), 158, 160–61, 163, 215n108

Dreyfus Affair, 164, 165, 166

Duhamel, Georges, 88–89

Durkheim, Émile, 158, 160–65

eccentricity

Mill on, 147–48

Stephen, James, on, 148

eclipse of childhood. See childhood, eclipse of

eclipse of diversity

biological homogenization and, 46, 47

cultural homogenization and, 47

dangers of, 45

diversity jargon and, 20

evidence of, 9

as fact, 9

identity and, 4

populism and, 19

religion of diversity and, 4

rise of masses and, 130, 157, 167

social foundations, 46

Tocqueville on, 16–17, 19, 127, 130, 132–33, 135–38

travel and, 87–88, 89

eclipse of individual diversity. See individual diversity, eclipse of

Eco, Umberto, 41, 42

ecolinguistics, 48

economic inequality

cultural diversity and, 50–51

diversity and, 23–24

Piketty on, 24

value of, 24, 185n45

working class and, 25–26

education. See also universities

children’s nervousness and, 91

decline of US foreign language, 57–58

for democracy, 183n27

play and progressive, 183n27

elites

masses and, 178

populism and, 178

Emile (Rousseau), 64, 105

Empire of Cotton (Beckert), 31, 32

Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2

England, 56, 57, 135, 141, 152

English language

French and, 52–54

predominance of, 52–57, 59

Enlightenment, 207n92

counter-Enlightenment, 121, 122, 125

Herder on, 122

Enlightenment philosophers, 98

as diversity supporters, 106, 113–18

on uniformity, 99–100, 106, 112–18

Epicurus, 95

equality. See also economic inequality

diversity as, 7

Tocqueville on eclipse of individual diversity and, 135–36, 137–38

uniformity and, 135–36, 137–38

West, markets and, 56–57

Erasmus, 96–97

Erector Sets, 77, 78

Europe

Americanization of, 88–89, 90

boredom in, 88

diversity of, 133–34, 145–46, 150

uniformity of, 161–62

Evans, Richard J., 208n5

experience

boredom and, 67–68, 72

childhood and, 12–14, 65, 71

play and, 92

storytelling and, 12, 67–68

experiential diversity

atrophy of, 12

childhood and, 12–14, 71, 74

eclipse of childhood and closing of, 12–14

experiential openness and, 14–15, 92

experiential openness

in childhood, 92

contraction across time of, 14–15

diversity as relying on, 11–13

experiential diversity and, 14–15, 92

travel and, 11

“The Family of Man” exhibition (1955), 9, 183n18

fascism. See also Nazism

counter-Enlightenment and, 122

Lovejoy on, 120

masses and, 131, 167

Mayer on, 19–20, 131

Napoleon, Louis, and, 131, 208n9, 208n11

Tocqueville and, 20, 129

Feldman, Deborah, 6–7

Ferguson, Niall, 29–30, 38

Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 23, 185n42

Fitzgerald, William, 94

Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier de, 95, 98, 104–5, 199n9

foreign languages. See also specific languages

decline of proficiency and study of, 57–59

France, 156

anti-Semitism in, 164–65

Dreyfus Affair, 164, 165, 166

Jews in, 111

under Napoleon, Louis, 130–31, 151–52, 208n9, 219n11

under Napoleon Bonaparte, 115, 116, 117

Nazi occupation, 180, 219n12

revolution of 1848, 130, 151–52

Tocqueville on, 137

uniformity and, 137, 162

Frankfurt, Harry G., 185n45

Frantz, Constantin, 132, 208n11

Frederick the Great, 52, 113

free speech

First Amendment, 21–22

leftists and, 21–22, 184n37, 185n39

universities and, 21–22, 184n37, 185n39

French language, 52–54, 111–12, 203n57

French liberalism, 115

French Revolution, 101–2, 115, 122, 130

language uniformity and, 111–12, 203n57

measurement, decimalization and, 109–10

uniformity and, 111–12, 116, 117, 203n57

Freud, Sigmund, 58–59, 90

Frost, Joe L., 13

Fukuyama, Francis, 22, 24

Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 122

Gaelic, 55–56

Galileo, 98, 99, 180

Galston, William A., 203n58

games. See also play and activities

adult designed, 13–14, 74–75, 76, 80

Children’s Games, 62, 193n3

costs of contemporary, 80

markets and, 79–80

urban street, 78–80, 81

Gandhi, 36

German language, 52, 58–59, 113

Germany, 123, 158. See also fascism; Nazism

revolution of 1928, 121

World War I, 167, 168

Ginsburgh, Victor, 51–52, 191n73

globalization

diversity and, 1, 59, 162–63

individuality and, 1, 4, 162–63

uniformity and, 162–63

global world

Americanization of, 88

uniformity of dress in, 29–30

Gossman, Lionel, 156–57

Gray, Peter, 86

The Great Chain of Being (Lovejoy), 100, 120, 121

Greek Stoics, 94

Greenberg, Joseph H., 42

Grégoire, Abbé, 111–12, 124, 202n53

group diversity, 5–6, 8, 176

cultural pluralism and, 173

individual diversity and, 7, 173

groups

diversity and, 176

individuals and, 5

outside mainstream, 6–7

prosperity as shared goal of, 5–6

underrepresentation of, 6

Hammond, Darell, 83

Hansen, Marcus Lee, 4

Harrington, Michael, 38

Harvard College, 2–3

Hasidic Jews, 6–7

Hegel, G. W. F., 25

hegemony, 186n50

Hemingway, Ernest, 23, 185n42

Herder, Johann Gottfried, 203n58, 204n61, 205n68, 205n69

on Enlightenment, 122

on uniformity, 112–15

Herzen, Alexander, 151–53

Hessler, Peter, 54

Hett, Benjamin C., 129

Higham, John, 172

historicism, 203n58

history

of boredom, 72–73

of clothing, 30–39, 186n3, 187n20

of diversity and clothing, 33–39, 187n20

Empire of Cotton, 31, 32

Hegel on, 25

of language diversity, 40–41

of play and activities, 74–81

poverty and agents of, 24–25

of transformation of childhood, 62–65

of uniformity of dress, 33–39, 187n20

viewing past through present lens, 127–28

Hitler, Adolph, 20, 128–29, 208n5

Hobsbawm, Eric, 32, 37, 38, 187n9

Holland, 155

homogeneity, Chinese, 145, 155

homogenization. See also uniformity

biological, 45–48, 59

cultural, 47, 59

Homo Ludens (Huizinga), 74–75

Horkheimer, Max, 50–51

Horwitz, Steven, 15, 183n27

How Many Languages Do We Need? The Economics of Linguistic Diversity (Ginsburgh and Weber), 51–52

Huizinga, Johan, 74–75, 87, 195n38

human diversity. See also diversity; specific topics

biodiversity loss and, 10

language and, 40, 42

plurality of behavior, 97

Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 39, 40, 48

on individual development, 16, 102, 103, 146

on individual diversity, 102–4

The Limits of State Action, 101–2, 105, 201n31

Mill and, 16, 102, 143, 145, 146, 212n47

on uniformity, 104, 105

Huxley, Aldous, 80

identity

eclipse of diversity and, 4

immigrants’ ethnic, 4

identity politics, diversity and, 7

Imagined Communities (Anderson), 55

immigration

ethnic identity of immigrants, 4

US, 168, 171, 173

Indian dress, 36–37

individual development

Humboldt on, 16, 102, 103, 146

Mill on, 16, 146

de Staël on, 119

individual diversity

cultural pluralism and, 173

group diversity and, 7, 173

Humboldt on, 102–4

Mill on, 16–17, 102, 127, 132–33, 140, 142–50, 153–54

social uniformity as danger to, 16–17, 19, 29, 133–34, 176

Tocqueville on, 16, 17, 127, 130, 132–33, 135–37

uniformity of dress and, 29

individual diversity, eclipse of, 87

equality and, 135–36, 137–38

Mill on, 16–17, 127, 132–33, 140, 142, 143, 145–47, 149–50, 153–54

modern society and, 89–90, 103–7, 127, 157, 164, 175

19th-century thinkers on, 132–33, 147, 154, 175

Tocqueville on, 16–17, 127, 132–33, 135–37

in US, 89, 136

individualism

as extolled, 17–18

19th-century thinkers on individuality and, 18, 210n26

Soviet communism on, 17

Tocqueville on individuality and, 18, 210n26

individuality

Burckhardt on, 156, 157

democracy and, 17, 19, 128, 131, 132, 135–36

division of labor and, 163, 165

endangerment by masses, 115–16, 157

endangerment by uniformity, 115–16, 133–34, 157, 179

globalization and, 1, 4, 162–63

groups and individuals, 5

individualism and, 18, 210n26

liberty and, 115–18

mass individual, 130

mass marketing and, 1

Mill on, 16–17, 102, 127, 132–33, 140, 142–48

Mill on threats to, 16–17, 127, 132, 140, 142, 143, 145–47

19th-century thinkers on, 18, 99, 102, 115–19, 128, 156, 157

specialization and, 162, 163

threats to, 16–18, 20, 89, 127, 130, 132, 135–36, 140

Tocqueville on, 16, 17, 18, 20, 127, 130, 132–33, 135–37, 210n26

uniformity as increasing, 162

uniformity of dress and, 179

uniformity transition to, 160

intellectualism, fragmented, 9

Islamic fundamentalism, 23

Italians, 155, 156

Jahren, Hope, 94

James, William, 169–71, 217n138

Japanese dress, 34–35

Japanese language, 52–53, 54, 57

Jefferson, Thomas, 108

Jews

anti-Semitism, 164–65

in France, 111

Hasidic, 6–7

Kallen and, 173, 218n153

Johnson, Samuel, 57

Kallen, Horace, 169–73, 217n138, 218n152–53

Key, Ellen, 64, 193n8

khadi (hand-spun cotton), 36–37

Kierkegaard, Soren, 73

Kloocke, Kurt, 205n68

Kraus, Karl, 178

Kroto, Harry, 77

Ku Klux Klan, 171, 172

labor, division of

diversity and, 162, 165

The Division of Labor in Society, 158, 160–61, 163, 215n108

individuality and, 163, 165

suicide and, 164

language. See also specific languages

Common Language Guide, 181n1

culture and, 51

How Many Languages Do We Need? The Economics of Linguistic Diversity, 51–52

multilingualism, 55

nationalism and, 55

structure, 39–40, 41

language death, 43–45, 49

Language Death and Language Maintenance (Janse and Tol), 43

language diversity, 11

biodiversity and, 44, 45, 48, 50

critics of, 51–52

cultural diversity and, 59

decline of, 41, 42–45, 48, 51–59

diversity and, 40, 42, 57, 59

history, 40–41

human diversity and, 40, 42, 59

language uniformity and, 41, 42

as negative, 41, 51–52

scholars on, 39–41

socioeconomics and, 42

supporters of, 113

language uniformity

critics of, 57–58, 113

in developed world, 52

English predominance and, 52–57, 59

French Revolution and, 111–12, 203n57

growth of, 42

language diversity and, 41, 42

nationalism and, 55, 110–12

as negative, 42, 52–59

search for perfect, 41–42

world peace and, 41

Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 107–8

laws, diversity of, 107

Laws of Imitation (Tarde), 158, 159–60

Le Bon, Gustave, 166, 167

Lederer, Emil, 166–67

leftists, 176. See also liberalism

criticism of leftism by, 8, 182n17

criticism of “The Family of Man” exhibition by, 183n18

diversity and, 20–21

free speech and, 21–22, 184n37, 185n39

of German revolution of 1928, 121

on mass culture, 179

populism and, 178–79

Lego, 77–78

Leibniz, Gottfried, 97

Leontyev, Constantine, 150–51, 155

Lewis, David, 199n9

liberal capitalism, 22

liberalism, 27, 151–52. See also leftists

culture and liberal rights, 120–21

on diversity and uniformity, 125, 126

French, 115

modern society and, 122, 127

pluralism and, 203n58

Tocqueville and, 127, 156

liberty

of ancients and moderns, 116, 125–26

individuality and, 115–18

masses and, 157

Mill on, 144, 145, 153, 154

political, 126

Lieb, Fritz, 66, 193n11

The Limits of State Action (Humboldt), 101–2, 105, 201n31

Linguet, Henri, 207n93

linguistics. See also language

ecolinguistics, 48

How Many Languages Do We Need? The Economics of Linguistic Diversity, 51–52

old and current linguists, 48–49

Locke, Alain, 169, 171–72, 216n129

Lovejoy, Arthur O., 99, 101, 106, 119

The Great Chain of Being, 100, 120, 121

Maasai Progress Plan, 35, 188n24

Mably, Abbé de, 117

Macaulay, Lord, 147

Maffi, Luisa, 44

Mannheim, Karl, 123

Marano, Hara Estroff, 81

marketing

diversity and, 162–63

individuality and mass, 1

markets

games and, 79–80

West, equality and, 56–57

Marx, Karl, 17, 26, 56, 131–32, 185n45, 208n11

Marxism, 26, 208n11

mass culture, 178, 179

masses

Burckhardt on, 157

democracy and, 20, 128, 157

eclipse of diversity and rise of, 130, 157, 167

elites and, 178

fascism and, 131, 167

individuality endangered by uniformity and, 115–16, 157

Lederer on, 167

liberty and, 157

Mayer on, 166, 167

power of, 166

socialists on, 167

uniformity of, 172

mass individual, 130

mass man, 164, 172

Mati Ke language, 51

Mayer, Jacob-Peter, 132, 208n11

on Burckhardt, 155–56

on fascism, 19–20, 131

on masses, 166, 167

Prophet of the Mass Age, 19–20, 128, 129–31, 184n34

on Tocqueville, 19–20, 128, 129–31, 155–56, 166, 184n34

McCloskey, Deirdre, 56–57

McMurtry, Larry, 91

Benjamin and, 68–72, 194n24

on boredom and storytelling, 72

on decline of storytelling, 69–71

Walter Benjamin at the Dairy Queen, 69, 70

measurement

decimalization, 109–10

French Revolution, decimalization and, 109–10

uniformity of, 107–10

Medieval Children (Orme), 62

medieval society, childhood and, 61, 62, 65

Michaels, Walter Benn, 51

middle class childhood, 65–66

military, uniformity in, 160

Mill, John Stuart

Autobiography, 149

commentary and criticism of, 142–43, 147–50

on diversity, 16–17, 102, 127, 132–33, 143–51

on eccentricity, 147–48

on eclipse of individual diversity, 16–17, 127, 132–33, 140, 142, 143, 145–47, 149–50, 153–54

on European diversity, 145–46

Herzen and, 152, 153–54

Humboldt and, 16, 102, 143, 145, 146, 212n47

on individual development, 16, 146

on individual diversity, 16–17, 102, 127, 132–33, 140, 142–50, 153–54

on individuality, 16–17, 102, 127, 132–33, 140, 142–48

on liberty, 144, 145, 153, 154

on modern commercial society, 141–42

On Liberty, 16, 102, 139, 142–44, 148, 149–51, 153

politics and, 144–45, 180

on threats to individuality, 16–17, 127, 132, 140, 142, 143, 145–47

Tocqueville and, 16–17, 127, 132–33, 139–42, 146, 180

on uniformity, 140–41, 143, 145–47, 149–50, 153–54

on variety, 143–50

Mizumura, Minae, 52–57

modernization

Islamic fundamentalism and, 23

nervousness and, 90–91

modern society

boredom and, 73

childhood, diversity and, 71

childhood and, 61–62, 65–66, 71

commercial, 135, 136, 141–42, 159

conservatives and, 122

decline of storytelling in, 12, 66–71

democratic, 136

diversity and, 71, 97, 100, 101, 177

eclipse of childhood and, 13–14

eclipse of individual diversity and, 89–90, 103–7, 127, 157, 164, 175

liberalism and, 122, 127

Mill on commercial, 141–42

organic solidarity and, 161

specialization in, 161

supporters of diversity in, 97, 100, 101, 103–4, 113–14, 175

Tocqueville on commercial, 135, 136

uniformity and, 98, 101, 103–18, 146–47, 150–51, 154–62, 178

World War I and, 68, 194n16

Montesquieu, 106–7, 123, 207n93

Möser, Justus, 123–25, 207n92–93

multiculturalism

diversity and, 49, 50

increase as self-evident, 5

multilingualism, 55

NADOHE. See National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education

Napoleon, Louis, 130–31, 151, 152, 208n9, 219n11

Napoleon Bonaparte, 115, 116, 117, 157, 158

National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education (NADOHE), 181n1

nationalism

diversity opposition by nationalist populists, 18–19

language uniformity and, 55, 110–12

nature

fecundity of, 95

mathematization of, 98

plurality of worlds, 95, 199n9

quarrel of ancients and moderns over, 104–5

uniformity and, 98, 123, 159

variety in, 93–99, 104, 199n9

Nazism, 75, 120, 122, 131, 208n5

democracy and, 128–29

occupation of France, 180, 219n12

Newell, William Wells, 75–76

Newton, Isaac, 98, 201n27

19th-century thinkers. See also specific topics

on democratic individual, 132

diversity criticism of, 16, 18, 179

as diversity supporters, 99–100, 106, 119, 121

on diversity under siege, 16, 101

on eclipse of individual diversity, 132–33, 147, 154, 175

on individualism and individuality, 18, 210n26

on individuality, 18, 99, 102, 115–19, 128, 156, 157

on uniformity, 99–101, 105, 127, 133, 150–51, 154, 156–62, 179

Ohmae, Kenichi, 24–25

On Liberty (Mill), 16, 102, 139, 144, 149–51, 153

commentary on, 142–43, 148

“On the Liberty of the Ancients Compared with that of the Moderns” (Constant), 116

On the Origin of Species (Darwin), 93–94, 98–99

Orme, Nicholas, 62, 63

Panksepp, Jaak, 86

Peter the Great, 34, 107, 187n18

Petroski, Henry, 77

Piketty, Thomas, 24

play, decline of unsupervised and unstructured, 13–14, 15, 74, 76–81, 84, 91, 183n27

attention deficient disorders and, 85–86

obesity and, 85, 198n80

psychological impact, 86, 87

play and activities. See also games

adult directed or designed, 13–14, 74–75, 76, 80–85

biological necessity of, 86

boredom and, 73–74, 87, 88

computer, 76, 80, 84, 85, 87

culture and, 74

dangers of unsupervised, 183n27

democracy and, 15, 87

diversity, childhood and, 74, 76, 79, 82

experience and, 92

history and evolution of, 74–81

Huizinga on, 74–75

loss of traditional, 75–81, 84, 85

outside, 80–84, 86

parental anxieties about, 82–85

playgrounds, 82–84, 197n71

progressive education and, 183n27

reduction of free time, 81, 84, 85

self-directed, unstructured and unsupervised, 13–14, 15, 74, 76–81, 84, 91, 183n27

sports and, 74, 75

study of, 75

toys, 76–78

transition from outside to inside, 80–81, 86

pluralism, 218n152

cultural, 171–73, 217n138

James on, 169–71, 217n138

liberalism and, 203n58

US and, 169, 171–72, 173

Plutarch, 63

political diversity

ambiguous politics of, 119–25

diminishment of, 26

politics

diversity and identity, 7

Mill and, 144–45, 180

pessimism and action in, 180

Tocqueville and, 180, 219n11

Pomeranz, Kenneth, 56

populism

eclipse of diversity and, 19

elites and, 178

leftists and, 178–79

nationalist populists, 18–19

pandering of, 179

Postman, Neil, 14, 65

poverty

agents of history and, 24–25

clothing and, 38–39

diversity and, 23–24

working class and, 25–26

Powell, Lewis, 2–3

Prophet of the Mass Age (Mayer), 19–20, 128, 129–31, 184n34

Psychology of Crowds (Le Bon), 166

Rand, Ayn, 17

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 2–3

religion

systematizers of, 100–101

variety of, 100–101

Rolland, Romain, 180

Romans, 94

Romme, Gilbert, 109

Rosin, Hanna, 84

Ross, E. A., 119, 206n82

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 64, 105–6

Routledge International Handbook of Diversity Studies, 2

Russo, Alecu, 187n20

Ryan, Alan, 142–43

Salomon, Albert, 156

Sartor Resartus (Carlyle, T.), 30–31

Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, 21–22

Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 100–101, 115, 205n69

Seuss, Dr., 92

Simmel, Georg, 89–90

Simonson, Lee, 33

Smith, Adam, 159, 163

Smith, Robert Paul, 13–14, 73–74

socialists, on masses, 167

social uniformity, as danger to individual diversity, 16–17, 19, 29, 133–34, 176

society. See also modern society

childhood and medieval, 61, 62, 65

criticism of, 177

pre-industrial, 161

socioeconomics, language diversity and, 42

sociologists, 165–66

on uniformity, 158–63

solidarity, mechanical and organic, 161

Solomon, Susan, 83

Soviet communism, 17, 30

Soviet Union, 22

specialization

individuality and, 162, 163

in modern society, 161

The Spirit of Conquest and Usurpation and Their Relation to European Civilization (Constant), 116–17

Spirit of the Laws (Montesquieu), 106–7

sports, play and, 74, 75

de Staël, Madame, 115, 116, 117, 118–19

state

The Limits of State Action, 101–2

welfare, 22–23

Stead, W. T., 88

Steiner, George, 48

Stephen, James Fitzjames, 148

Stephen, Leslie, 148–49

Sternhell, Zeev, 121–22

“The Storyteller” (Benjamin), 12, 67–70, 72

storytelling

boredom and, 67–68, 72

experience and, 12, 67–68

rural, 69–70

storytelling, decline of

Benjamin and, 12, 66–70

eclipse of unhurried life and, 71

McMurtry on, 69–71

modern society and, 12, 66–71

suicide, 164

Suicide (Durkheim), 164

Supreme Court, 2–3

Sutton-Smith, Brian, 79

Switzerland, 155, 156, 157–58

Tarde, Gabriel, 158, 159–60, 215n99

Tocqueville, Alexis de

The Ancien Régime and the Revolution, 136–37, 210n26

Constant and, 132, 209n13

on democracy, 133, 135–36, 140–42, 210n25

Democracy in America, 133, 135, 136, 138–41, 210n25, 211n29

diversity and, 16–17, 19, 127, 130, 132–38, 209n27

on eclipse of diversity, 16–17, 19, 127, 130, 132–33, 135–38

on eclipse of individual diversity, 16–17, 127, 132–33, 135–37

on equality and eclipse of individual diversity, 135–36, 137–38

fascism and, 20, 129

on France, 137

on individual diversity, 16, 17, 127, 130, 132–33, 135–37

on individualism and individuality, 18, 210n26

on individuality, 16, 17, 18, 20, 127, 130, 132–33, 135–37, 210n26

liberalism and, 127, 156

Mayer on, 19–20, 128, 129–31, 155–56, 166, 184n34

Mayer’s Prophet of the Mass Age on, 19–20, 128, 129–31, 184n34

Mill and, 16–17, 127, 132–33, 139–42, 146, 180

on modern commercial society, 135, 136

politics and, 180, 219n11

on threats to individuality, 18, 20, 127, 130, 132, 135–37

on uniformity, 133–38, 141, 210n20

on US, 133–36

Tönnies, Ferdinand, 158–59

travel

eclipse of diversity and, 87–88, 89

experiential openness and, 11

to school, 84–85, 197n76

uniformity and, 87–88

Trentmann, Frank, 38

Turkish dress, 35, 36

Turkle, Sherry, 86

Turner, Henry Ashby, Jr., 128–29

Underground Man (Tarde), 215n99

Underhill, James W., 48, 49, 50

uniformitarianism, 120, 122

uniformity

Americanization, 88–90, 134, 168–69, 172–73, 175

biological homogenization and, 46, 59

Burckhardt on, 156–58

conservatives on, 122–25

Constant on, 115–18, 124–25, 127, 175

critics of, 112–18, 127, 204n61

democracy and, 128, 135–36, 179

diversity and, 107, 162

Enlightenment philosophers on, 99–100, 106, 112–18

equality and, 135–36, 137–38

of Europe, 161–62

France and, 137, 162

French Revolution and, 111–12, 116, 117, 203n57

globalization and, 162–63

Herder on, 112–15

Humboldt on, 104, 105

individuality endangered by, 115–16, 133–34, 157, 179

individuality increased by, 162

liberals on, 125, 126

of masses, 172

of measurement, 107–10

in military, 160

Mill on, 140–41, 143, 145–47, 149–50, 153–54

modern society and, 98, 101, 103–18, 146–47, 150–51, 154–62, 178

Napoleonic rule and, 115, 116, 117

nature and, 98, 123, 159

19th-century thinkers on, 99–101, 105, 127, 133, 150–51, 154, 156–62, 179

social, 16–17, 19, 29, 133–34, 176

sociologists on, 158–63

Tocqueville on, 133–38, 141, 210n20

transition to individuality, 160

travel and, 87–88

of US, 88–89, 133–37, 168–69, 172–73

variety and, 175

uniformity of dress

class and, 37, 38–39

as global, 29–30

history, 33–39, 187n20

individual diversity and, 29

individuality and, 179

resistance to Western, 36, 37

as undermining diversity, 30

United States (US)

boredom in, 88

decline of foreign language study in, 57–58

diversity of, 168, 169, 171, 173

eclipse of individual diversity in, 89, 136

Europe and, 88–89, 90

immigration, 168, 171, 173

measurement in, 107–9

nervousness in, 90–91

pluralism and, 169, 171–72, 173

Tocqueville on, 133–36

uniformity of, 88–89, 133–37, 168–69, 172–73

universities, 159

free speech and, 21–22, 184n37, 185n39

humanities departments, 176–77

universities, diversity and. See also diversity studies, in universities

conservatives and, 3, 176

cultural world and, 3

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 2–3

requirements, 176

University of California

Berkeley, 21, 184n37

books on diversity at, 182n7

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 2–3

variety. See also biodiversity; diversity

of faces, 95–96, 98

Greek Stoics on, 94

Mill on, 143–50

in nature, 93–99, 104, 199n9

plurality of human behavior, 97

plurality of worlds, 95, 199n9

quarrel of ancients and moderns over, 104–5, 201n27

of religion, 100–101

Romans and, 94

uniformity and, 175

in writing, 96–97

Variety: The Life of a Roman Concept (Fitzgerald, W.), 94

Vischer, Friedrich, 33

Voltaire, 97, 98, 123, 124

Wagler, Ira, 6

Walach, Elie, 180, 219n12

Walter Benjamin at the Dairy Queen (McMurtry), 69, 70

Washington, George, 108

wealthy, childhood of, 63

Weber, Shlomo, 51–52

welfare state, 22–23

West

clothing and, 32–39, 187n20

equality, markets and, 56–57

Where Did You Go? Out. What Did You Do? Nothing (Smith, R.), 14, 73–74

Whitfield, Stephen J., 173

Wood, Peter, 2

working class, 25–26, 37–39

World War I, 12, 67, 68, 167–68, 172, 194n16, 206n87

Wu, Tim, 92

Yiddish, 111

Young, Arthur, 108

Zamenhof, Ludovik, 41

Zeitlin, Steven, 79

Zelizer, Viviana, 65–66

Zweig, Stefan, 71, 87–88, 89