1. S. Morgan, Lady Morgan’s Memoirs (Allen and Co., vol. 2, 1863), 200.
2. P. Douglass, Lady Caroline Lamb: A Biography (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016), 5.
1. This upper class was generally referred to as the Ton, short for le bon ton, French for “in the fashionable mode.”
2. Jane Rendell, The Pursuit of Pleasure: Gender, Space, and Architecture in Regency England (Rutgers University Press, 2002).
3. Henry Luttrell, Advice to Julia (John Murray, 1820), 11–12.
4. R. Gronow, Reminiscences of Captain Gronow (Smith and Elder, 1862).
5. Dorothea Lieven and Lionel G. Robinson, Letters of Dorothea, Princess Lieven, During Her Residence in London, 1812–1834 (Longmans, Green, 1902).
6. Lieven and Robinson, Letters of Dorothea, Princess Lieven, 29.
7. Lieven and Robinson, Letters of Dorothea, Princess Lieven, 48.
8. J. Kloester, Georgette Heyer’s Regency World (Sourcebooks, 2010), 89.
9. E. Beresford Chancellor, Memorials of St. James’s Street, Together with the Annals of Almack’s (G. Richards, 1922).
10. Henry Greville, Leaves from the Diary of Henry Greville (Smith and Elder, 4th edition, 1905), 309.
11. Greville, Leaves from the Diary of Henry Greville, 310.
12. Sarah Knowles Bolton, Famous English Statesmen of Queen Victoria’s Reign (T. Y. Crowell, 1891), 85.
13. The Times, May 23, 1834: 5.
14. Judith Lissauer Cromwell, Dorothea Lieven: A Russian Princess in London and Paris, 1785–1857 (McFarland, 2007), 251.
15. G. Heyer, Friday’s Child (Arrow Books, 2019).
16. Gronow, Reminiscences of Captain Gronow.
17. Lieven and Robinson. Letters of Dorothea, Princess Lieven.
18. T. Londonderry, Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh (Arthur L. Humphreys, 1902), 15.
1. The Gentleman’s and London Magazine: and Monthly Chronologer 30, 1761.
2. E. Holt, The Public and Domestic Life of George the Third, vol. 1 (Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, 1820), 26.
3. Holt, The Public and Domestic Life of George the Third, 493.
4. Holt, The Public and Domestic Life of George the Third, 609.
5. P. Fitzgerald, The Life of George the Fourth, vol. 1 (Tinsley Brothers, 1881), 279.
6. Jane Robins, Rebel Queen: The Trial of Queen Caroline (Simon and Schuster, 2006), 16.
7. Robins, Rebel Queen, 16.
8. Jane Austen’s Letters, ed. D. Le Faye (University of Oxford Press, 2011), 208.
9. Flora Fraser, The Unruly Queen: The Life of Queen Caroline (Bloomsbury, 1996), 266.
10. J. Van der Kiste, Georgian Princess (Sutton Publishing, 2000).
11. Robins, Rebel Queen, 313.
12. Robins, Rebel Queen, 313.
13. James Chambers, Charlotte & Leopold: The True Romance of the Prince Regent’s Daughter (Old Street, 2008), 3.
14. K. Williams, Becoming Queen Victoria (Ballantine Books, 2008), 50.
15. Williams, Becoming Queen Victoria, 64.
16. Williams, Becoming Queen Victoria, 64.
17. A. Plowden, Caroline and Charlotte: Regency Scandals (History Press, 2011).
18. Plowden, Caroline and Charlotte.
19. Lieven and Robinson. Letters of Dorothea, Princess Lieven.
20. Chambers, Charlotte & Leopold, 169.
21. Robins, Rebel Queen, 51.
22. Chambers, Charlotte & Leopold, 187.
23. Plowden, Caroline and Charlotte.
24. Williams, Becoming Queen Victoria, 137.
25. Chambers, Charlotte & Leopold, 199.
26. Chambers, Charlotte & Leopold, 228.
27. “A Definitive History of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s Royal Relationship,” Town & Country, May 8, 2019.
1. A. Stott, Hannah More: The First Victorian (Oxford University Press, 2003), 10.
2. D. Robinson, “The Duchess, Mary Robinson, and Georgiana’s Social Network,” Wordsworth Circle 42, no. 3 (2011): 193.
3. M. Robinson, Memoirs of the Late Mrs. Robinson, Written by Herself, 4 vols. (R. Phillips, 1801), 93.
4. Robinson, Memoirs of the Late Mrs. Robinson, 102.
5. Paula Byrne and Diana Bishop, Perdita: The Life of Mary Robinson (ISIS, 2009), 101.
6. Byrne and Bishop, Perdita, 118.
7. Joel Haefner, “(De)Forming the Romantic Canon: The Case of Women Writers,” College Literature 20, no. 2 (June 1993): 44.
8. Byrne and Bishop, Perdita, 392.
9. Town and Country, 1774.
10. Jo Manning, My Lady Scandalous: The Amazing Life and Outrageous Times of Grace Dalrymple Elliott, Royal Courtesan (Simon and Schuster, 2005), 96.
11. Morning Herald, December 24, 1781.
12. G. Elliott, Journal of My Life During the French Revolution (Richard Bentley, 1859), 137.
13. Melinda Graefe, “ ‘Dido, in Despair!’ Emma Hamilton’s Attitudes and the Shape of Mourning in Persuasion,” JASNA 38 no. 3 (Summer 2018).
14. P. Douglass, Lady Caroline Lamb: A Biography (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016), 35.
15. Morgan, Lady Morgan’s Memoirs, 200. (Allen and Co, vol. 2, 1863).
16. Douglass, Lady Caroline Lamb, 100.
17. Douglass, Lady Caroline Lamb, 102.
18. G. Byron and Leslie Marchand, Byron’s Letters and Journals, vol. 2 (Belknap Press, 1973), 170–71.
19. Byron and Marchand, Byron’s Letters and Journals, vol. 2, 260.
20. Douglass, Lady Caroline Lamb, 125.
21. Douglass, Lady Caroline Lamb, 167.
22. Douglass, Lady Caroline Lamb, 184.
23. C. Lamb, Glenarvon, 3rd ed. (Colburn, 1816).
24. Lamb, Glenarvon, 536.
25. A. Larman, Byron’s Women (Head of Zeus, 2018).
26. Douglass, Lady Caroline Lamb, 193.
27. M. Airlie, Lady Palmerston and Her Times, vol. 2 (Hodder and Stoughton, 1922), 39.
28. “Biography: Lady Caroline Lamb,” Literary Gazette, 1828: 107–08.
29. Mary Robinson, A Letter to the Women of England and The Natural Daughter, ed. Sharon Setzer (Broadview Literary Texts, 2003), 47.
1. Diane Waggoner, The Sharples Collection: A Brief Introduction to the Microfilm Edition of the Sharples Family Collection (Microform Academic, 2001), 6.
2. Waggoner, The Sharples Collection, 18.
3. Waggoner, The Sharples Collection, 17.
4. Waggoner, The Sharples Collection, 18.
5. J. Hanes, “Shady Ladies: Female Silhouette Artists of the 18th Century,” Antiques Journal, June 2009: 27.
6. She published Dangers of Coquetry in 1790 when she was just eighteen, but it was published anonymously.
7. R. Manvell, Sarah Siddons: Life of an Actress (Putnam, 1970), 96.
8. George Byron, ed. Thomas Moore. Letters and Journals of Lord Byron (J. and J. Harper, 1830), 460.
9. Catherine Clinton, Fanny Kemble’s Civil Wars (Oxford University Press, 2001), 37.
10. F. Kemble, Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838–1839 (Harper and Brothers, 1864), 199.
11. P. Butler, Mr. Butler’s Statement (J. C. Clark, 1850), 9.
1. Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Memoir and Correspondence of Caroline Herschel (Murray, 1876).
2. Herschel, Memoir and Correspondence of Caroline Herschel.
3. Herschel, Memoir and Correspondence of Caroline Herschel.
4. Herschel, Memoir and Correspondence of Caroline Herschel.
5. Herschel, Memoir and Correspondence of Caroline Herschel.
6. Emily Winterburn. “Learned Modesty and the First Lady’s Comet: A Commentary on Caroline Herschel (1787) ‘An Account of a New Comet,’” Royal Society Philosophical Transactions A 373, no. 2039 (April 13, 2015).
7. “Mrs. Somerville Obituary,” Morning Post, December 2, 1872.
8. M. Somerville, Personal Recollections, from Early Life to Old Age, of Mary Somerville: With Selections from Her Correspondence (Roberts Brothers, 1874, digitized 2007, original in Harvard University), 28.
9. Richard Holmes, “The Royal Society’s Lost Women Scientists,” Guardian, November 20, 2010, www.theguardian.com/science/2010/nov/21/royal-society-lost-women-scientists.
10. Charlotte Still, “Jane Marcet: 175 Faces of Chemistry,” 2014, www.rsc.org/diversity/175-faces/all-faces/jane-marcet.
11. Mary T. Brück, Women in Early British and Irish Astronomy: Stars and Satellites (Springer, 2009), 64.
12. Shelley Emling, The Fossil Hunter: Dinosaurs, Evolution, and the Woman Whose Discoveries Changed the World (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), 55.
13. Emling, The Fossil Hunter, 65.
14. “Mary Anning (1799–1847),” Geological Society, www.geolsoc.org.uk/Library-and-Information-Services/Exhibitions/Women-and-Geology/Mary-Anning.
15. “Mary Buckland Née Morland (1797–1857),” Geological Society, www.geolsoc.org.uk/Library-and-Information-Services/Exhibitions/Women-and-Geology/Mary-Buckland.
16. C. V. Burek and B. Higgs, The Role of Women in the History of Geology (Geological Society, 2007).
17. Emling, The Fossil Hunter, 157.
1. Jonathan David Gross, The Life of Anne Damer: Portrait of a Regency Artist (Lexington Books, 2014), 34.
2. There is no evidence of a physical relationship, and therefore historians have been reluctant to name Anne and Mary’s relationship as a lesbian relationship. This is an issue scholars of the LGBTQ community often face when trying to “prove” a historical figure’s sexuality.
3. Anne Lister, Diaries, 1821.
4. Anne Lister, Diaries, 1823.
5. Elizabeth Mavor, The Ladies of Llangollen: A Study of Romantic Friendship (Moonrise Press, 2011).
6. Susan Vallardes, “An Introduction to the Literary Persons of Anne Lister and the Ladies of Llangollen,” Literature Compass, April 2013.
7. Anne Lister and Helena Whitbread, I Know My Own Heart: The Diaries of Anne Lister, 1791–1840 (New York University Press, 1992), 200.
1. Paula Byrne, Belle (W. F. Howes, 2014).
2. Byrne, Belle.
3. Gretchen Gerzina, Black London: Life Before Emancipation (Rutgers University Press, 1995), 88–89.
4. Belle (film directed by Amma Asante, 2013).
5. Kevin Rawlinson, “Another Gove U-Turn: Mary Seacole Will Remain on the Curriculum,” Independent, 2013, www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/another-gove-u-turn-mary-seacole-will-remain-on-the-curriculum-8485472.html.
6. Mary Seacole, Wonderful Adventures of Mrs Seacole in Many Lands (Dover Publications, 2019), chapter 1.
7. Seacole, Wonderful Adventures of Mrs Seacole in Many Lands, chapter 1.
8. Seacole, Wonderful Adventures of Mrs Seacole in Many Lands, chapter 4.
9. Seacole, Wonderful Adventures of Mrs Seacole in Many Lands, chapter 8.
10. Seacole, Wonderful Adventures of Mrs Seacole in Many Lands, chapter 8.
11. Bidisha, “Tudor, English and Black—and Not a Slave in Sight,” Guardian, 2017, www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/29/tudor-english-black-not-slave-in-sight-miranda-kaufmann-history.
1. Kentish Gazette, April 21, 1809.
2. A Lady. The Jewish Manual: or, Practical Information in Jewish and Modern Cookery, with a Collection of Valuable Recipes & Hints Relating to the Toilette (T. & W. Boone, 1846).
3. Rollin G. Osterweis, Rebecca Gratz: A Study in Charm (Putnam, 1935), 151.
4. Rachel Mordecai Lazarus et al., The Education of the Heart: The Correspondence of Rachel Mordecai Lazarus and Maria Edgeworth (University of North Carolina Press, 2012), 16–17.
5. Honora Sneyd is such a fascinating figure and worthy of her own book entirely. She was raised with the poet Anna Seward, and the pair shared an intense friendship that historians continue to debate about to this day. The poems Anna wrote for Honora are passionate and intense, and they’re frequently included in discussions of female friendships and lesbianism.
6. Lazarus, The Education of the Heart.
7. Lazarus, The Education of the Heart.
8. Beth-Zion Lack Abrahams, Grace Aguilar: A Centenary Tribute, vol. 16 (Jewish Historical Society of England), 140.
9. Abrahams, Grace Aguilar, 140.
10. G. Byron, English Bards and Scotch Reviewers (James Cawthorn, 1809).
11. Todd M. Endelman, The Jews of Georgian England: 1714–1830: Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (University of Michigan Press, 1999).