Pseudotsuga menziesii
FAMILY NAME Pinaceae
CHARACTERISTICS Green needles distributed around each twig, approximately 2.5cm (1in) long
HABITAT Prefers slightly acid soils and semi-shade
DISTRIBUTION Native to Pacific North America
FLOWERS AND FRUIT Male and female flowers grow on the same tree. Female flowers, once pollinated, develop into oval, hanging cones
These long-lived trees have deep cavities and crevices in their bark, making them the ideal place for bats and birds to shelter. Considered a tree of strength by many Native American tribes, the wood of the Douglas Fir was used to cover the floor of sweat lodges. All parts of the tree were utilized – branches were burnt for incense, roots were woven into baskets and the twigs were made into arrow shafts. Fresh needle-like leaves are still put to good use and brewed up in a tea that is rich in vitamin C. Douglas Fir bark is nonflammable, which protects the trees from forest fires.