Below are listed books to which direct reference is made in the text. Where standard English translations were available, I have used them, with occasional changes. Other translations are my own. Where several works of an author have been cited, I have numbered them chronologically and listed the edition used. So, for example, the reference (Nietzsche 1, 27) would refer to page 27 in the Kaufmann translation of Nietzsche’s Birth of Tragedy. An exception was made in the citation of Kant’s works. Those cited were also numbered chronologically, but I have followed standard practice in referring to pages of the Critique of Pure Reason as A/B, and all other works with the pagination used in the Academy edition, which readers may follow in any edition they use.
Adorno, Theodor. Minima Moralia. Suhrkamp, 1951. (Adorno 1)
———. Negative Dialektik. Suhrkamp, 1975. (Adorno 2)
Adorno, Theodor, and Max Horkheimer. The Dialectic of Enlightenment. Translated by John Cumming. The Seabury Press, 1972.
Agamben, Giorgio. Remnants of Auschwitz. Zone Books, 1999.
Allison, Henry. Kant’s Transcendental Idealism. Yale University Press, 1983.
Améry, Jean. Jenseits von Schuld und Sühne, Klett-Cotta, 1977. (Améry 1)
———. Über das Altern: Revolte und Resignation. Klett-Cotta, 1969. (Améry 2)
———. Hand an sich Legen. Klett-Cotta, 1976. (Améry 3)
Anders, Günther. Besuch im Hades. Beck, 1967.
Arendt, Hannah. The Origins of Totalitarianism. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1951. (Arendt 1)
———. Eichmann in Jerusalem. Viking, 1963. (Arendt 2)
———. “Eichmann in Jerusalem: An Exchange of Letters between Gershom Scholem and Hannah Arendt.” Encounter 22 (January 1964): 51–56. (Arendt 3)
———. Thinking. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971. (Arendt 4)
———. Willing. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978. (Arendt 5)
———Hannah Arendt / Karl Jaspers. Briefwechsel. Edited by Lotte Köhler and Hans Saner. Piper, 1993. (Arendt 6)
———. Essays in Understanding 1930–1954. Edited by Jerome Kohn. Harcourt Brace and Company, 1994. (Arendt 7)
———. Ich will verstehen: Selbstkritik zu Leben und Werk. Piper, 1996. (Arendt 8)
———. Lectures on Kant’s Political Philosophy. Edited by Ronald Beiner. University of Chicago Press, 1982. (Arendt 9)
———. Between Friends: The Correspondence of Hannah Arendt and Mary McCarthy 1949–75. Edited by Carol Brightman. Harcourt Brace and World, 1995. (Arendt 10)
Bayle, Pierre. Historical and Critical Dictionary. Selections translated with an introduction and notes by Richard Popkin. Bobbs-Merrill, 1965. (Bayle 1)
———. Historical and Critical Dictionary. Translated by J. J. and P. Knapton, 1738. Reprinted by Garland Press, 1984. (Bayle 2)
Beiser, Frederick C. The Fate of Reason. Harvard University Press, 1988.
Benhabib, Seyla. The Reluctant Modernism of Hannah Arendt. Sage Publications, 1996.
Benjamin, Walter. “Dialogue über die Religiosität der Gegenwart.” In Gesammelte Schriften, Band II. Suhrkamp, 1980. (Benjamin 1)
———. “Über das Programm der kommenden Philosophie.” In Gesammelte Schriften, Band IV. Suhrkamp, 1980. (Benjamin 2)
———. Illuminations. Edited by Hannah Arendt. Translated by Harry Zohn. Schocken, 1969. (Benjamin 3)
Bernasconi, Robert, and David Wood, eds. The Provocation of Levinas. Routledge, 1988.
Bernstein, Richard. Hannah Arendt and the Jewish Question. MIT Press, 1996. (Bernstein 1)
———. “Evil and the Temptation of Theodicy.” In Radical Evil: A Philosophical Investigation. Polity Press, 2002. (Bernstein 2)
———. “Kant at War with Himself.” In Radical Evil: A Philosophical Investigation. Polity Press, 2002. (Bernstein 3)
Blumenberg, Hans. Die Legitimität der Neuzeit. Suhrkamp, 1966. (Blumenberg 1)
———. Die Genesis der kopernikanischen Welt. Suhrkamp, 1975. (Blumenberg 2)
———. Arbeit am Mythos. Suhrkamp, 1979. (Blumenberg 3)
Breidert, Wolfgang. Die Erschütterung der vollkommenen Welt. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt, 1994.
Bury, J. D. The Idea of Progress. Dover, 1932.
Camus, Albert. The Myth of Sisyphus. Translated by Justin O’Brien. Knopf, 1955. (Camus 1)
———. Lettres à un ami allemand. Gallimard, 1948. (Camus 2)
———. The Plague. Translated by Stuart Gilbert. Vintage, 1991. (Camus 3)
———. The Rebel: An Essay on Man in Revolt. Translated by Anthony Bower. Knopf, 1956. (Camus 4)
———. Selected Essays and Notebooks. Penguin, 1979. (Camus 5)
Cassirer, Ernst. The Question of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Indiana University Press, 1975.
Clarke, Samuel. A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God. In Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy and Other Writings, ed. Ezio Vailati. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Darnton, Robert. The Forbidden Best-Sellers of Revolutionary France. W. W. Norton, 1996.
Diner, Dan. Das Jahrhundert Verstehen. Luchterhand, 1999. (Diner 1)
———. Beyond the Conceivable. University of California Press, 2000. (Diner 2)
Djuric and Simon, eds. Nietzsche und Hegel. Königshausen/Neumann, 1992.
Dostoevsky, Fyodor. The Brothers Karamazov. Translated by David Magarshack. Penguin, 1958.
Engels, Friedrich. Marx-Engels Gesamtausgabe. Edited by the Internationalen-Marx-Engels-Stiftung. Amsterdam, 1990.
Fackenheim, Emil. The Religious Dimension of Hegel’s Thought. Indiana University Press, 1967.
Feuerbach, Ludwig. The Essence of Christianity. Translated by George Eliot. Harper, 1957.
Forster, Michael. Hegel’s Idea of a Phenomenology of Spirit. University of Chicago Press, 1998.
Freud, Sigmund. The Future of an Illusion. In Civilization, Society, and Religion. Penguin, 1985. (Freud 1)
———. Civilization and Its Discontents. W. W. Norton, 1961. (Freud 2)
Garaudy, Roger. Dieu est Mort. Presses Universitaires de France, 1962.
Gay, Peter. The Enlightenment. Vol. 1. W. W. Norton, 1966. (Gay 1)
———. “Voltaire’s Faith.” In Candide, or Optimism: A Fresh Translation, edited by Robert M. Adams. W. W. Norton, 1991. (Gay 2)
Glover, Jonathan. Humanity: A Moral History. Jonathan Cape, 1999.
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang. Conversations of Goethe with Johann Peter Eckermann. Da Capo Press, 1998. (Goethe 1)
———. Tag- und Jahreshefte: autobiographische Schriften aus Goethes letzten Lebensjahren. Edited by Irmtraut Schmid. Deutscher Klassiker Verlag, 1994. (Goethe 2)
———. Faust, Part One. Translated by Peter Salm. Bantam, 1985. (Goethe 3)
Gourevitch, Victor. “Rousseau on Providence.” In Review of Metaphysics, 2000.
Gunneman, Jon P. The Moral Meaning of Revolution. Yale University Press, 1973.
Gunther, Horst. Das Erdbeben von Lissabon. Wagenbach, 1994.
Hegel, G.W.F. Early Theological Writings. Translated by T. M. Knox. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988. (Hegel 1)
———. Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated by A. V. Miller. Oxford University Press, 1977. (Hegel 2)
———. The Science of Logic. Translated by A. V. Miller. Humanity Books, 1998. (Hegel 3)
———. Philosophy of Right. Translated by T. M. Knox. Oxford University Press, 1952. (Hegel 4)
———. Introduction to the Lectures on the Philosophy of World History. Translated by H. B. Nisbet. Cambridge University Press, 1975. (Hegel 5)
———. Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Religion I. Vol. 16 of Hegels Werke. Suhrkamp, 1990. (Hegel 6)
———. Lectures on the History of Philosophy. Translated by E. S. Haldane and F. H. Simon. University of Nebraska Press, 1975. (Hegel 7)
Heine, Heinrich. Geschichte der Religion und Philosophie in Deutschland. Vol. 5. In Heine, Sämtliche Schriften. Ullstein, 1976.
Hilsenrath, Edgar. Nacht. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1991.
Horkheimer, Max. Eclipse of Reason. Oxford University Press, 1947. (Horkheimer 1)
———. Gesammelte Schriften. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1991. (Horkheimer 2)
Hume, David, A Treatise of Human Nature. Edited by L. A. Selby-Bigge. Oxford University Press, 1978. (Hume 1)
Hume, David. Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals. Edited by L. A. Selby-Bigge. Oxford University Press, 1975. (Hume 2)
———. Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion and Natural History of Religion. Edited by J.C.A. Gaskin. Oxford University Press, 1993. (Hume 3)
———. Letters of David Hume. Edited by J.Y.T. Greig. Clarendon Press, 1932. (Hume (4)
Kant, Immanuel. Fortgesetzte Betrachtung. (Kant 1)
———. Reflektionen. (Kant 2)
———. Critique of Pure Reason. (Kant 3)
———. “What Is Enlightenment?” (Kant 4)
———. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. (Kant 5)
———. Critique of Practical Reason. (Kant 6)
———. Critique of Judgment. (Kant 7)
———. “On the Failure of Every Possible Future Attempt at Theodicy.” (Kant 8)
———. Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone. (Kant 9)
———. The Metaphysics of Morals. (Kant 10)
———. Lectures on Philosophical Theology. Translated by A. W. Ward and G. M. Clark. Cornell University Press, 1978. (Kant 11)
Katz, Stephan T. Post-Holocaust Dialogues: Critical Studies in Modern Jewish Thought. New York University Press, 1983.
Kaufmann, Walter. Twenty German Poets. Random House, 1962.
Kendrick, T. D. The Lisbon Earthquake. Methuen, 1956.
Kierkegaard, Søren. The Sickness unto Death. Edited by Howard V. Hong. Princeton University Press, 1983.
Klemperer, Victor. Ich will Zeugnis ablegen bis zum letzten. Aufbau Verlag, 1995.
Klossowski, Pierre. Sade My Neighbor. Northwestern University Press, 1991.
Klüger, Ruth. Weiter leben. Ein Jugend. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1995.
Kojeve, Alexander. Introduction to the Reading of Hegel. Edited by Allan Bloom. Translated by James H. Nichols, Jr. Basic Books, 1969.
Kuhlmann, Hartmut. “Ohne Auschwitz.” International Zeitschrift für Philosophie, 1997.
Labrousse, Elisabeth. Pierre Bayle. Martinus Nijhoff, 1964.
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. Theodicy. Edited by Austin Farrar. Translated by E. M. Huggard. Open Court, 1985.
Levi, Primo. Survival in Auschwitz. Translated by Stuart Woolf. Scribner, 1995.
Levinas, Emmanuel. “Transcendence and Evil.” In The Phenomenology of Man and of the Human Condition, ed. Anna Tymienicka. D. Reidel, 1983. (Levinas 1)
———. “Useless Suffering.” In The Provocation of Levinas, ed. Robert Bernasconi and David Wood. Routledge, 1988. (Levinas 2)
Lifton, Robert Jay, and Greg Mitchell. Hiroshima in America: Fifty Years of Denial. Putnam, 1995.
Loewith, Karl. Meaning in History. University of Chicago, 1948.
Maier, Charles S. The Unmasterable Past. Harvard University Press, 1988.
Margalit, Avishai, and Gabriel Motzkin. “Die Einzigartigkeit des Holocaust.” Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie, 1997.
Marquard, Odo. Schwierigkeiten mit der Geschichtsphilosophie. Suhrkamp, 1982. (Marquard 1)
———. Apologie des Zufälligen. Reclam, 1986. (Marquard 2)
Marx, Karl. The Portable Marx. Edited by Eugene Kamenka. Viking Penguin, 1983.
Mill, John Stuart. Nature. In Three Essays on Religion, Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, edited by J. M. Robson. University of Toronto Press, 1969.
Mossner, Ernst. The Life of David Hume. Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1954.
Münz, Christoph. Der Welt ein Gedächtnis geben: Geschichtstheologisches Denken im Judentum nach Auschwitz. Chr.Kaiser/Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 1995.
Neiman, Susan. The Unity of Reason: Rereading Kant. Oxford University Press, 1994.
Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Birth of Tragedy. Translated by Walter Kaufmann. Vintage, 1967. (Nietzsche 1)
———. Schopenhauer as Educator. Translated by James W. Hillesheim and Malcolm R. Simpson. Gateway Editions, 1965. (Nietzsche 2)
———. Also sprach Zarathustra. Insel, 1967. (Nietzsche 3)
———. Beyond Good and Evil. Translated by Walter Kaufmann. Vintage, 1968. (Nietzsche 4)
———. On the Genealogy of Morals. Translated by Walter Kaufmann. Vintage, 1969. (Nietzsche 5)
———. Twilight of the Idols. Translated by R. J. Hollingdale. Penguin, 1968. (Nietzsche 6)
———. The Anti-Christ. Translated by R. J. Hollingdale. Penguin, 1968. (Nietzsche 7)
———. Ecce Homo. Translated by Walter Kaufmann. Vintage, 1968. (Nietzsche 8)
———. The Will to Power. Translated by Walter Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale. Vintage, 1968. (Nietzsche 9)
Norton, David F., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Hume. Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Pippin, Robert. Hegel’s Idealism. Cambridge University Press, 1983. (Pippin 1)
———. Idealism as Modernism: Hegelian Variations. Cambridge University Press, 1992. (Pippin 2)
———. “Selbstüberwindung, Versöhnung und Modernität bei Nietzsche und Hegel.” In Nietzsche und Hegel, edited by Djuric and Simon. Königshausen/Neumann, 1992. (Pippin 3)
Pope, Alexander. Essay on Man. In Selected Poetry and Prose, edited by William K. Wimsatt, Jr. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1951.
Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Harvard University Press, 1971. (Rawls 1)
———. The Law of Peoples. Harvard University Press, 1999. (Rawls 2)
———. Justice as Fairness. Harvard University Press, 2000. (Rawls 3)
Richardson, Henry, and Paul Weithman, eds. The Philosophy of Rawls. New York: Garland Press, 1999.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. The First and Second Discourses Together with the Replies to Critics and Essay on the Origin of Language. Edited and translated by Victor Gourevitch. Harper and Row, 1986. (Rousseau 1)
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. La Nouvelle Héloïse. Translated and abridged by Judith H. McDowell. Pennsylvania State University Press, 1968. (Rousseau 2)
———. Emile. Translated by Allan Bloom. Basic Books, 1979. (Rousseau 3)
———. Confessions. Edited by Patrick Coleman. Translated by Angela Scholar. Oxford University Press, 2000. (Rousseau 4)
———. Oeuvres Complètes. Edited by B. Gagnebin and M. Raymond. Pléiade, 1959. (Rousseau 5)
Rousset, David. A World Apart. Translated by Yvonne Moyse and Roger Senhouse. Secker and Warburg, 1951.
Rubinstein, Richard L. After Auschwitz: History, Theology, and Contemporary Judaism. The Johns Hopkins Press, 1992.
Russell, Bertrand. The Philosophy of Leibniz. George Allen and Unwin, 1937. (Russell 1)
———. History of Western Philosophy. Simon and Schuster, 1945. (Russell 2)
Sade, Marquis de. Justine, Philosophy in the Bedroom and Other Writings. Edited by Austryn Wainhouse and Richard Seaver. Grove Press, 1965. (Sade 1)
———. Juliette. Translated by Austryn Wainhouse. Grove Press, 1968. (Sade 2)
Sartre, Jean-Paul. “A Reply to Albert Camus.” In Situations. Braziller, 1965.
Schneewind, J. B. The Invention of Autonomy: A History of Modern Moral Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Schopenhauer, Arthur. The World as Will and Representation. Translated by E.F.J. Payne, Dover, 1966.
Schulte, Christoph. “Zweckwidriges in der Erfahrung.” Kant-Studien 82, 1991.
Segev, Tom. The Seventh Million: The Israelis and the Holocaust. Translated by Haim Watzman. Hill and Wong, 1993.
Shklar, Judith. The Faces of Injustice. Yale University Press, 1992.
Sophocles. Oedipus at Colonnus. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1941.
Taubes, Jacob. Abendländische Eschatologie. Mattes und Seitz Verlag, 1991.
Tucker, Robert. Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx. Cambridge University Press, 1972.
Tymienicka, Anna, ed. The Phenomenology of Man and of the Human Condition. D. Reidel, 1983.
Velkley, Richard. Freedom and the End of Reason. University of Chicago Press, 1989.
Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet. Zadig, or Destiny. In Candide, Zadig and Selected Stories, translated by Donald M. Frame. Penguin, 1981. (Voltaire 1)
———. The World as It Is. In Candide, Zadig and Selected Stories, translated by Donald M. Frame. Penguin, 1981. (Voltaire 2)
———. “Poème sur la Destruction de Lisbonne, ou Examen de cet Axiome, Tout est bien.” in Journal encyclopédique, 71–81. Liège, 1756. Reprint, Genève-Nedeln, 1967. 253–56. (Voltaire 3)
———. Candide, or Optimism: A Fresh Translation, Backgrounds, Criticism. Edited by Robert M. Adams. W. W. Norton, 1991. (Voltaire 4)
———.Candide. In Candide, Zadig and Selected Stories, translated by Donald M. Frame. Penguin, 1981. (Voltaire 5)
———. Philosophical Dictionary. Translated with an introduction by Peter Gay. Basic Books, 1962. (Voltaire 6)
———. Correspondance. Edited by Theodore Besterman. 13 vols. Gallimard, 1975–. (Voltaire 7)
Westfall, Richard. The Construction of Modern Science. Cambridge University Press, 1977.