1. For a fuller discussion of this subject, see Thomas S. Freeman, ‘Inventing Bloody Mary: Perceptions of Mary Tudor from the Restoration to the Twentieth Century’, in Susan Doran and Thomas S. Freeman (eds), Mary Tudor. Old and New Perspectives (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), pp. 78–100.
2. María Jesús Pérez Martín, María Tudor. La gran Reina desconocida (Madrid: RIALP, 2008), pp. 95–9.
3. Maria Callcott, Little Arthur’s History of England, 2 vols (London: John Murray, 1835), 2, p. 93.
4. Charles Dickens, A Child’s History of England, in The Complete Works of Charles Dickens, 21 vols (New York: Riverdale Press, 1906), 13, p. 227.
1. Calendar of State Papers Spanish, ed. G. A. Bergenroth (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1862), I, no. 364.
2. CSP Span I, nos 325, 327, 354, 364, 370, 389, 396.
3. Tarsicio de Azcona, Isabel la Católica. Estudio crítico de su vida y su reinado (Madrid: Editorial Católica, 1993), p. 97.
4. BL Cotton MS Otho C.X, fol. 268.
5. Ibid., fol. 269.
1. Bethany Aram, Juana the Mad. Sovereignty and Dynasty in Renaissance Europe (Baltimore Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005).
2. Anna McLaren, ‘Memorializing Mary and Elizabeth’, in Alice Hunt and Anna Whitelock (eds), Tudor Queenship. The Reigns of Mary and Elizabeth (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), pp. 11–27, at p. 19.
3. Geoffrey Elton, Reform and Reformation. England 1509–1558 (London: Arnold, 1977), p. 376.
4. On Vives see Carlos Noreña, Juan Luis Vives (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1970).
5. Pérez Martín, María Tudor, pp. 95–6; John Edwards, Mary I. England’s Catholic Queen (New Haven, Conn. and London: Yale University Press, 2011), p. 12.
6. For a somewhat sceptical analysis of Mary’s education see Andrew W. Taylor, ‘ “Ad omne virtutum genus”? Mary between Piety, Pedagogy and Praise in Early Tudor Humanism’, in Doran and Freeman, Mary Tudor. Old and New Perspectives, pp. 103–22.
7. For the Hyrde quotations, and commentary, see Pamela Joseph Benson, ‘The New Ideal in England: Thomas More, Juan Luis Vives and Richard Hyrde’, in Pamela Joseph Benson, The Invention of a Renaissance Woman. The Challenge of Female Independence in the Literature and Thought of Italy and England (University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992), pp. 172–81.
8. On Mary’s education in general, see Pérez Martín, María Tudor, pp. 92–107.
9. Aysha Pollnitz, ‘Christian Women or Sovereign Queens? The Schooling of Mary and Elizabeth’, in Hunt and Whitelock, Tudor Queenship, pp. 127–42.
10. Inner Temple Library, Petyt MS 538/47, fol. 317; Eric Ives, Lady Jane Grey. A Tudor Mystery (Malden, Mass. and Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009), pp. 137–58; Edwards, Mary I, pp. 76–8.
11. Ives, Lady Jane Grey, pp. 169–228.
12. Anna Whitelock and Diarmaid MacCulloch, ‘Princess Mary’s Household and the Succession Crisis, July 1553’, Historical Journal, 50 (2007), pp. 265–87; Edwards, Mary I, pp. 85–99.
13. D. E. Hoak, ‘Two Revolutions in Tudor Government. The Formation and Organisation of Mary I’s Privy Council’, in C. Coleman and D. Starkey (eds), Revolution Re-assessed (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), pp. 87–115; Edwards, Mary I, pp. 107–110.
1. J. G. Nichols (ed.), The Diary of Henry Machyn, Citizen and Merchant Taylor of London, from A. D. 1550 to A. D. 1553 (London: Camden Society, 1848), pp. 37–8; The Chronicle of Queen Jane and of the First Two Years of Queen Mary (London: Camden Society, 1850), p. 13; Diarmaid MacCulloch (ed. and trans.), ‘The Vita Mariae Angliae of Robert Wingfield of Brantham’, Camden Miscellany, 4th series, 28 (London: Royal Historical Society, 1984), pp. 222, 271.
2. Michaelmas Plea Roll, 1 Mary (National Archives, Kew).
3. MacCulloch, ‘The Vita Mariae Angliae of Robert Wingfield of Brantham’, pp. 223–4, 272.
4. P. L. Hughes and J. F. Larkin, Tudor Proclamations, 2 vols (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1964–9), 2, no. 390; David Loades, The Chronicles of the Tudor Queens (Stroud: Sutton, 2002), pp. 17–19.
5. CSP Span X, pp. 82–3, 124–35; Chris Skidmore, Edward VI. The Lost King of England (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2007), pp. 171–5.
6. CSP Span XI, pp. 91–3.
7. MacCulloch, ‘The Vita Mariae Angliae of Robert Wingfield of Brantham’, pp. 226, 275; Nichols, The Chronicle of Queen Jane, pp. 27–31.
2. On these developments, see Diarmaid MacCulloch, Tudor Church Militant. Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation (London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, 1999).
3. Edwards, Mary I, pp. 68–9.
4. For a fuller account see Edwards, Archbishop Pole (Farnham: Ashgate, 2014) pp. 1–83.
5. Ibid., pp. 121–40.
6. Edwards, Mary I, pp. 140–43.
7. BL Royal MS 12.A.xx.
8. Martin Biddle, ‘The Painting of the Table’, in Martin Biddle et al. (eds), King Arthur’s Round Table. An Archaeological Investigation (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2000), pp. 425–73.
9. Andrés Muñoz, Viaje de Felipe II a Inglaterra, ed. Pascual de Gayangos (Madrid: Sociedad de Bibliófilos Españoles, 1877), p. 113.
10. Edwards, Mary I, pp. 236–7.
11. CSP Span XIII, p. 50; AGS Estado 811–67, 90, 117–22, 124–5, 128, 130–33.
12. Glyn Redworth, ‘ “Matters Impertinent to Women”. Male and Female Monarchy under Philip and Mary’, English Historical Review, 112 (1997), pp. 597–613; Edwards, Mary I, pp. 208–9.
13. Edwards, Mary I, p. 240; José Ignacio Tellechea Idígoras, ‘El formulario de visita pastoral de Bartolomé Carranza, Arzobispo de Toledo’, in Tellechea, Bartolomé Carranza y el Cardenal Pole. Un Navarro en la restauración católica de Inglaterra 1554–1558 (Pamplona: Diputación Foral de Navarra, 1977), pp. 303–51.
14. José Ignacio Tellechea Idígoras, ‘Bartolomé Carranza y la restauración católica inglesa (1554–1558)’, in Tellechea, Carranza y Pole, p. 29; John Edwards, ‘Spanish Religious Influence in Marian England’, in Eamon Duffy and David Loades (eds), The Church of Mary Tudor (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), p. 201.
15. Edwards, Archbishop Pole, pp. 124–7, 129–33.
16. S. B. Chrimes and A. L. Brown (eds), Select Documents of English Constitutional History, 1307–1485 (London: A. & C. Black, 1961), pp. 204–5, 215.
17. See Doran and Freeman, Mary Tudor. Old and New Perspectives, pp. 225–71; Edwards, Mary I, pp. 257–60; Edwards, Archbishop Pole, pp. 146–57.
18. Edwards, Mary I, pp. 239–40; Edwards, Archbishop Pole, pp. 169–79.
19. Edwards, Archbishop Pole, pp. 178–88.
20. William Wizeman, The Theology and Spirituality of Mary Tudor’s Church (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006).
21. David Loades, ‘The Personal Religion of Mary I’, in Duffy and Loades (eds), Church of Mary Tudor, pp. 1–29; Edwards, Mary I, pp. 226–31.
1. AGS Estado 811–16, 19, 24; Edwards, Mary I, pp. 318–19.
2. Susan James, Catherine Parr: Henry VIII’s Last Queen (Stroud: History Press, 2008), pp. 157–68, 188–204; Edwards, Mary I, p. 63.
3. State Papers Domestic, Mary I 11/4/2, fol. 3, printed in Leah S. Marcus, Janel Mueller and Mary Beth Rose (eds), Elizabeth I: Collected Works (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2000), pp. 41–2.
4. Ibid., p. 45.
5. Edwards, Mary I, pp. 294–5.
6. Edwards, Archbishop Pole, pp. 46–57.
7. Ibid., pp. 89–91.
8. Ibid., pp. 107–8.
9. AGS Estado 811–17, 19, 20, 23.
10. M. J. Rodríguez-Salgado and Simon Adams (eds), ‘The Count of Feria’s dispatch to Philip II of 14 November 1558’, Camden Miscellany, 5th series, 28 (London: Royal Historical Society, 1984), pp. 302–44.
11. Matthew Parker, De Antiquitate Britannicae Ecclesiae et Privilegiis Cantuarensis cum Archiepiscopis Eiusdem LXX (London: John Day, 1572).
12. For a full online edition of John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments see johnfoxe.org