Index

Adler, Bill, 127

Aengus, 147

Aesculus, 122

agouti, 41–42, 44

alarm call, 56–57, 60, 62–66, 142

albinism, 42–43, 142

albino, 38, 42, 44

alleles, 41–42

Allen, Durward, 152

Alpinia kwangsiensis, 105

altricial, 98

altruistic, 85

Amanita muscaria, 104

Amanita phalloides, 104

Ammospermophilus, 4, 27, 77, 99

harrisii, 99

leucurus, 20, 77

Ando, Motokazu, 36

antelope squirrel, 4, 7, 27, 70

ants, 104

Armitage, Kenneth, 49–50, 82, 153

army ants, 59

astragalus, 3, 19

Austad, Steven, 101

bacteria, 86–87

baculum, 16, 18

ball-chain collars, 156

Bambi, 148

Barash, David, 61–62, 153

Barbera, Hanna, 144

bark gleaner, 16, 74, 105

bark stripping, 124

Barkalow, Fred, 55, 96, 100, 114, 126, 152

Barro Colorado Island, 72

behavior, 49–52, 55–56, 60, 63, 66–67, 78, 85, 87, 92–93, 104–6, 111–12, 114, 117, 142, 145, 148, 150, 155

Benkman, Craig, 89

Bezuidenhout, Abraham, 154

blind spot, 61

Blumstein, Daniel, 49, 64

body fat, 56, 77, 80, 97, 103, 108, 110

Borges, Renee, 153

bot flies, 86

Boutin, Stan, 135

brain size, 154

bruchid beetle, 121

Bryant, Andrew, 133

Bryant, William Cullen, 146

Bumiller, Elisabeth, 124

Burroughs, John, 29, 148, 151

bush squirrel, 7, 14, 19, 20, 73, 104, 155

green, 98

calcaneus, 3, 19

Callosciurinae, 13–19

Callosciurus, 17, 41–43, 47, 58, 64, 73–74, 125, 138, 155

caniceps, 74

erythraeus, 138

ferrugineus, 41

finlaysonii, 41–42, 47

melanogaster, 58

nigrovittatus, 74

notatus, 73

prevostii, 17, 42, 47, 73

camouflage, 41, 58–59, 66

Candlemas, 143

cannibalism, 105

Carya, 122

Castanea, 122

Castanopsis, 122

cecum, 106

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 130

Chambers, Whittaker, 148

cheek pouch, 20, 27–28

Cherokee, 142

chickaree, 40

chimpanzee, 84

Chip and Dale, 144

chipmunk, 4, 7, 9, 14, 16–17, 19–20, 26–28, 30, 41–44, 50, 59, 63–64, 70, 72, 80–81, 86, 93–94, 103, 108, 110

eastern, 9, 28, 41–42, 63–64, 72, 153

least, xiii, 16

Siberian, 138

yellow pine, 113

cicada, 103

Cinderella, 143

clade, 11

climate change, 134, 138

coat color, 38, 40–41, 43–47, 117, 155

coat patterns, 43

cocoa, 125

color gene, 42

color vision, 26–27

cone: of the eyes, 27

of the teeth, 2

of trees, 88–89, 102, 104, 108–10, 136, 150

Corylus, 122

Coss, Richard, 67

coterie, 70, 85–86, 94–95

countercurrent, 6

counter-shading, 43, 58

cowpox, 87

Crosby, Ernest, 146–47

cryptomeria, xiii

Cynomys, xiv, 4, 20

leucurus, 20

ludovicianus, xiv

Death Angel mushroom, 104

deltoid muscle, 4, 20

Devenport, Jill, 112

diastema, 2

Douglas fir, 102

Douglassciurus jeffersoni, 23

eagle, golden, 120

ectoparasites, 49, 86

Eliot, George, 150

Elliot, Philip, 89

Elliott, Lang, 64

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 144–45, 149

Emmons, Louise, 16, 64, 73, 75, 98, 106, 108, 153, 155

Emry, Robert, 23

endorhyzal fungi, 122

endotherms, 79

Eocene, 13, 23

Epixerus, 20, 73, 153

ebii, 73

eumelanin, 41, 42

Eupetaurus cinereus, 9, 17, 31, 37, 105, 154

Evans, Howard, 154

Exilisciurus, 17, 25, 105

whiteheadi, 17

eye lens, 26

eye rings, 44

eyesight, 42–43, 118

Fagus, 122

Fairbairn, Douglas, 149

fatty acids, 80, 104

feeding, 102

ferret, black-footed, 84, 120

fetid marigold, 121

Field Museum, xiii figs, 104

fleas, 86, 87, 116

Fly Amanita mushroom, 104

Flyger, Vagn, 28, 119, 129

flying squirrel: complex-toothed, 9, 154

Japanese, 118

Japanese giant, xiii, 36–37, 118, 154

pygmy, 17, 32, 34, 134–35, 154

Siberian, 118

woolly, 17, 37, 69, 105, 154

follicle, 41

foods, 102

fovea centralis, 27

fox, 84, 121, 129–30

swift, 120

Frazer, Sir James, 142

frogs, 104

Funambulus, 16–18, 43, 122, 138–39, 141, 155

palmarum, 141, 155

pennantii, 18

fungal spores, 122

fungi, 104–5, 122, 124

Funisciurus, 20, 21, 43, 73, 87, 153, 155

anerythrus, 73

isabella, 73

lemniscatus, 73

pyrropus, 73, 155

genes, 12, 19, 40–43, 84–85

genetic, 21, 41, 44

Gerhardt, Fritz, 109, 152

Gesner, Conrad, 148

gestation, 59, 95, 98

giant, 32

glacial refugia, 76

Glanz, Bill, 72

Glaucomys, 9, 10, 34, 36, 72, 81, 82, 84, 102, 104, 118–20, 154

sabrinus, 9, 36, 72, 82, 104, 118, 120, 154

volans, 10, 34, 36, 72, 81, 84, 102, 118–19, 154

gliding, 31

global warming, 134–36

Golden Bough, 142

goshawk, 120

Great Plains ecosystem, 120

ground squirrel: African striped, 95, 125

African unstriped, 95

Arctic, 120, 122, 123

California, 64, 66–67, 99, 103

Columbian, 55, 97, 153

golden mantled, 95

long-nosed, 17, 74

Mohave, 77–78

round-tailed, 77–78

South African, 71, 95, 97, 153

thirteen-lined, 20, 41, 44, 50, 82, 97

three-striped, 74

Groundhog Day, 142

Gurnell, John, 152

Hadj-Chikh, Leila, 111

hair dye, 156

Hamilton, William, 28

Handley, Charles, 72

Hanson, Elinor, 107

Harvard Law, 9

hawk, 26, 59, 64, 150

ferruginous, 120

Haynie, Michelle, 97

Heaney, Larry, xiii

hearing, 61, 64, 115, 118, 150

heart rate, 25–26, 77, 80, 82

Heliosciurus, 20, 73, 87, 105, 153, 155

gambianus, 155

rufobrachium, 73, 105, 155

hemlock, western, 102

hepatitis, 88, 122

hickory nut, 106

Hobbit, 142

Hodos, William, 52

Holmes, Donna, 101

home range, 49, 69, 70–71, 88, 93, 101, 108, 112, 117

Hood, Thomas, 145

Hoogland, John, 50, 52, 62, 85, 97, 100, 153

Hopi, 139

horned larks, 120

Hrdlicka, Aleš,38

hunting, 151

Imaizumi, Yoshimori, xiii

incisors, 1–3, 27, 59, 89–90, 106, 115, 129

infanticide, 50, 84–85, 123

Inouye, David, 135

insect larvae, 104, 112

insects, 73–75, 79, 102, 104, 105, 112, 121, 124

interpluvial period, 76

introduced species, 137

Iroquois, 141

Jacobs, Lucia, 112

Jones, Clyde, 115

Juglans, 122

Kalahari, 76

Kalevala, 142

Kazan hairs, 140

Keats, John, 146

Kentucky long rifle, 138

keystone species, 120

Kiltie, Richard, 59

kin recognition, 52, 60

Kinabalu, 72

Kipling, Rudyard, 146–47

Kirkpatrick, Charles, 103

Koprowski, John, 93, 100, 110, 152

Kotiliar, Natasha, 120

lactation, 98

Lafayette Park, 126, 128

larder-hoarding, 108–10

Lariscus, 43, 74, 155

insignis, 74

learning, 54, 107, 118, 123

Leopold, Aldo, 119

lice, 86

Liman, Emily, 112–13

lions, 85, 130

Lithocarpus, 122

litter size, 50, 86, 96, 101

lodgepole pine, 89

Lompat, Kuala, 73–74

Lyme disease, 130

MacDonald, Isabel, 113

MacKinnon, Kathleen, 73

maize, 125

marmot, 131, 133, 138

Alpine, 64, 138

black-capped, 83, 94

Bobak, 80, 94

gray, 25–26

Himalayan, 9, 120

Olympic, 48, 55, 60, 62–63, 100

Vancouver Island, 41, 64, 134–35

yellow-bellied, 25, 153

Marmota, 4, 9, 20, 21, 25, 29, 50, 94, 100, 103, 108, 122, 130, 134, 135, 138, 139, 143, 153

bobak, 94

camtschatica, 83, 94

himalaya, 9

marmota, 138

monax, 9, 20, 29, 50, 100, 103, 108, 122, 130, 143

olympus, 100

sibirica, 139

Marmotini, 6, 14, 15, 19, 20

mating chase, 52, 57, 92–95

meadow vole, 121

melanin, 41, 42

melanism, 39, 40, 59

melanistic, 38–40, 42, 59

melanoblast, 44

melanocyte, 41

Melville, Herman, 149

memory, 54, 112–13, 142

Menetes, 43, 155

Mercer, John, 13–14

Meredith, George, 147

Merriam, C. Hart, 29

metabolic rates, 79, 105

Michener, Gail, 48

Microsciurus, 72–73, 155

alfari, 72

migration, 44, 71

Miocene, 14, 67

Mirkwood, 142

mites, 86, 116

Mohave Desert, 77

monkeypox, 87, 114, 139

Moore, Joseph, 16, 18, 19, 21, 154

morph, 38, 46

mountain plovers, 120

mouse: deer, 120

grasshopper, 120

house, 121

meadow jumping, 121

white-footed, 121

Murie, Jan, 97

mushrooms, 104, 112

Mustela nigripes, 120

Muul, Illar, 37, 134

Myosciurus, 20–22, 25–26, 73, 105

pumilio, 22, 25–26, 73

Nannosciurus, 17

melanotis, 17

National Zoological Park, 31, 38–39, 42

Navajo, 139

nepotism, 60, 65

nesting, 51, 69, 95–96, 115, 129

Neuhaus, Peter, 86

neural crest cell, 44

Nidhogg, 42

nightshade, black, 121

nonagouti, 41–42

nuclear genes, 12

Nunes, Scott, 56

obligate hibernator, 80

Oligocene, 13–14, 23–24

Olney, Illinois, 42

Owings, Donald, 67

owl, burrowing, 120

Paleosciurus goti, 24

palm nut, 104, 106, 108, 125, 155

palm squirrel, Indian, 43–44, 138, 141, 155

Panama, 72, 74, 155

Panama land bridge, 74

parapox, 87, 137

Paraxerus, 20–21, 41, 73, 98, 104, 153, 155

cepapi, 98

poensis, 73, 98, 104

vexillarius, 41

Pauli, Jonathan, 29

Payne, Junaidi (formerly John),73, 153

perianal scent gland, 57

perineum, 57

Perri, 148

Petaurillus, 17, 32, 134–35, 154

kinlochii, 32, 134–35, 154

Petaurista, 31–32, 36–37, 118, 154

leucogenys, 36, 118, 154

phaeomelanin, 41–42

phalange, 2–3

pigweed, 121

pine needle, 105, 154

Pinus koraiensis, 122

pisiform, 18, 33, 35

pit tags, 156

plague, 50, 86–87, 116, 120, 125

play, 5, 49, 55–57, 110–11, 120–22, 141–42, 144, 146

Pleistocene, 76

Pocock, Reginald, 14, 16, 21

pollination, 122

Ponderosa pine, 89, 102

Poran, Naomie, 67

Potter, Beatrix, 148

prairie dog, 7, 19, 20, 27, 48, 50–53, 55, 57, 60–62, 64–65 70, 84–85, 87–88, 94, 97, 100, 114, 116, 120–21, 123, 125, 139

black-tailed, xiv, 21, 52, 80, 95, 125

predator, 59–61, 63–65, 84, 91, 140

premolar, 2

Procyon lotor, 130

pronation, 33–34

Protoxerini, 14–15, 19–20

Protoxerus, 20–21, 26, 73, 153

stangeri, 21, 26, 73

Pteromyini, 14–15, 17

Pteromys: momonga, 118

volans, 102, 118, 154

Punxsutawney Phil, 143

Quercus, 122

rabbit, cottontail, 121

rabies, 130

raccoon, 121, 129–30

radio collar, 156

radius, 24, 33–34, 37

Ramayana, 141, 144

Ratatosk, 142

Rattus norvegicus, 87

Ratufa, 16, 25, 30, 73, 106, 153

affinis, 73, 106, 153

bicolor, 47, 73, 153

indica, 16, 30, 153

Ratufinae, 13–15, 17, 19

Ravana, 141

Reale, Denis, 135

red squirrel, 40, 144

retina, 27

Rheithrosciurus, 3, 17

Rhinosciurus, 17, 74, 105, 155

laticaudatus, 17, 74, 105

rock squirrel, 9, 27, 86

Rodentia, 13, 15

rods, 27

Roosevelt, Theodore, 124, 151

rope squirrel, 19–20, 43, 73, 155

fire-footed, 155

Roth, V. Louise, 13–14

roundworms, 86

Sabrosky, Curt, 140

Sacamena hairs, 140

Salten, Felix, 148

scapholunate, 18, 33

scarlet mallow, 121

Sciuridae, 1, 13–15

Sciurillinae, 13–15

Sciurillus, 10, 18, 73, 105

Sciurinae, 13–17, 19

Sciurini, 14–19

sciuromorphy, 2

Sciurus, 2, 9, 11, 18, 38, 40, 46, 71–73, 90, 92, 102–6, 108, 111, 125, 137–39, 142–43, 148, 152, 154–55

aberti, 102, 104

aestuans, 73, 106, 108

aureogaster, 111

carolinensis, 2, 9, 11, 38, 72, 102, 108, 137

gilvigularis, 72

granatensis, 40, 72, 92, 125, 154

igniventris, 72

lis, 104

variegatoides, 72, 154

vulgaris, 40, 46, 63, 71, 90, 102, 108, 137, 139, 142–43, 148, 152

Secret Squirrel, 144

Seneca, 141

Sherman, Paul, 65

Shiraishi, Satoshi, 36

Shorten, Monica, 55, 152

shrew: masked, 121

short-tailed, 121

silver, 43, 123

Sita, 141

skull, 1–14, 16, 19, 23, 26–27, 32

smallpox, 87

Smallwood, Peter, 112

Smith, Chris, 58, 94, 103

snake, 65

sodium, 103

Sonoran Desert, 76

Spermophilopsis leptodactylus, 9, 19

Spermophilus, 4, 6, 9–11, 20, 22, 27, 43–45, 50, 62, 67, 77–79, 96–97, 99, 112, 122

beecheyi, 99

beldingi, 62, 96–97, 99

mexicanus, 67

mohavensis, 77

paryii, 122

richardsonii, 4, 11, 97

tereticaudus, 77

townsendii, 78

tridecemlineatus, 20, 44, 50, 97, 112

variegatus, 9, 67, 79

spots, 44, 60–61, 63, 109

spotted owl, 84, 120

squirrel: Arizona gray, 51

black, 38–40

black-striped, 74

Delmarva fox, 46

eastern fox, 46

eastern gray, 28, 38, 41–43, 45, 46, 51–52, 56–58, 63, 72, 87, 101, 108, 111, 113, 126, 137–38

Eurasian red, 28, 41–42, 46, 51, 71, 87, 90, 104, 108, 120, 137–140, 148, 153

gray-bellied, 74

Guianan, 73, 106, 108

horse-tailed, 74

Japanese, 104

Mexican fox, 51

Mexican gray, 111

Mount Graham red, 136

red-tailed, 40

variegated, 154. See also bush squirrel

flying squirrel

ground squirrel

palm squirrel

rope squirrel

tree squirrel

Squirrel Nutkin, 148

squirrel skins, 123

squirrel-hair brushes, 139

Stafford, Brian, 37

Steele, Michael, 110–12, 152

Steppan, Scott, 13–14

stripes, 19, 22, 43–45, 141–42

Strongyloides robustus, 136

styliform cartilage, 3, 19

sun squirrel, 87, 93

Gambian, 155

red-legged, 155

Sundasciurus: hippurus, 74

lowii, 74

tenuis, 73

supination, 33–34

swimming, 28–29, 71, 148

Talahoutky hairs, 140

talus, 3

Tamias, 4, 9, 16–17, 20, 28, 43, 45, 50, 70, 72, 113, 138

amoenus, 113

senex, 9

sibiricus, 138

striatus, 9, 28, 70, 72

townsendii, 9

Tamiasciurus: douglassii, 89

hudsonicus, 89, 136

Tamiops, 17, 43, 105, 122, 155

swinhoei, 105, 155

Tamura, Noriko, 64

tannins, 90–91

tapeworms, 86

teeth, 1, 2, 14, 20, 37, 106, 114, 126, 154

Thayer, Abbott, 58

thermoregulation, 40

Thomas-Lester, Avis, 71

Thoreau, Henry David, 150

ticks, 86

Tokyo, 64

Tolkien, J. R. R., 142

Tompkins, Daniel, 137

Topsell, Edward, 148

torpor, 82

tree shrew, 155

tree squirrel: Prevost’s, 14, 17, 47, 73

pygmy, xiii, 7, 13, 25, 32, 105

red-bellied, 138.See also squirrel triquetral, 33

Trogopterus xanthipes, 9, 36

truffles, 104, 122

Tufty, 144

tulip poplar, 96

Tupaia, 155

tyrosinase, 42

Uinta, 64

ulna, 33–34, 37

unsaturated fats, 103

Vander Wall, Stephen, 88, 11, 121

Vernes, Karl, 36

Vianey-Liaud, Monique, 24

vibrissae, 6

Viljoen, San, 79, 153

virus, 86, 87

squirrel fibroma, 87

West Nile, 130

vision, 26–27, 61, 150

vocalization, 57

Walsberg, Glenn, 79

Waterman, Jane, 49, 153

Wauters, Luc, 137

Weeks, Harmon, 103

weevils, 121

Weigl, Peter, 51, 106–7, 136

White House, 124, 128, 140

Wishner, Lawrence, 59

Wolfe, Humbert, 144

woodchuck, 63, 80, 122

Wordsworth, William, 148

Xerinae, 13–15, 19

Xerini, 6, 14, 15, 19

Xerus erythropus, 70, 95, 125

inauris, 50, 66, 71, 77, 95, 97, 153, 154

princeps, 71

rutilus, 19, 95

Yeats, William Butler, 144–46 , 148

Yersinia pestis, 86

Yggdrasil, 142

Zahler, Peter, 37, 154