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Abbé-Sieyès
abolitionism
Achen, Christopher
Adams, John
Adams, John Quincy
Adams, Samuel
Adbusters
Aegina
Aelius
Aeschylus
Africa, postcolonial
African Americans: mass incarceration of; in Rhode Island; voting rights of
Albany, N.Y., Tocqueville and Beaumont’s visit to
Albany Argus
Alcibiades
Alcmaeonid family
All-Russian Union of Railroad Employees and Workers
All-Russia Peasants’ Union
American Association for Public Opinion Research
American Bureau of Labor Statistics
American Civil Liberties Union
American colonies
American Commonwealth, The (Bryce)
American culture, commerce and
American democracy; commerce and; consent as core principle of; democratic clubs in, see democratic clubs, American; distrust of big government in; elections as central to; equality as principle for; factions in; French Revolution’s impact on; individualism and; popular sovereignty and; presidency in, see presidency, U.S.; private property and; Republican Rome as model for; self-reliance as principle of; slavery and; Tocqueville on; voting rights in, see voting rights; Wilson on
American Dream
American exceptionalism
American Political Science Association
American Revolution
“American Scholar, The” (Emerson)
Ames, Fisher
anarchists
Anaxagoras
Ancient Law (Maine)
Andreyev, L.
Anonymous (hacker collective)
Antigone (Sophocles)
Antipater
antiwar movement
antiwar protesters, Huntington reviled by
Apprentice, The (TV show)
Arab Spring
Arendt, Hannah
aristocracy, in ancient Athens
Aristotle; Athenian political institutions described by; democracy criticized by; on elections vs. lotteries
arms race
Athenian democracy; Aeropagus in; Aristotle’s criticism of; Aristotle’s description of; Assembly (Ekklesia) in; civic tribes in; Cleisthenes and, see Cleisthenes; as community of self-governing citizens; concept of human rights as lacking in; conformity emphasized in; Council of 500 in; criteria for citizenship in; decline of; election of generals in; election of treasurers in; festivals in; in fourth century; jury system in; lotteries as defining feature of; Mytilene revolt and; nativism and; ostracism in; Pericles and, see Pericles; Plato’s criticism of; presupposed norms of; slavery and; Thucydides’ criticism of; as tyranny of the majority
Athens, ancient: as aggressive regional power; aristocracy in; City Dionysia in; compulsory military service in; hegemony of; infantry of; military reforms in; naval powers of; plague in; population of; slaves in; Solon’s reforms and; Thirty Tyrants regime in; tyrants in; women in
Atlantic Charter
Attwood, Thomas
Augustus, emperor of Rome
Azoulay, Vincent
Babeuf, Gracchus
Babeuf’s Conspiracy for Equality (Buonarroti)
Bakunin, Mikhail
bandwagon effect
Barber, Benjamin
Barère, Bertrand
Bartels, Larry
Bastille; fall of
Beaumont, Gustave de, at Albany Fourth of July celebration
Berlin Wall, fall of
Bernays, Edward; on public opinion
Bernstein, Eduard
Birmingham, England, Chartist Convention in
Birmingham Political Union
Bismarck, Otto von
Black Lives Matter
Blanqui, Auguste
Blight, David
Bodin, Jean
Bolsheviks; soviet executive committees takeover by
Bonaparte III, emperor of France
Boston, Mass., French Revolution celebration in
bounded rationality
bourgeoisie
Bowen, Sayles Jenks
Brecht, Bertolt
Brexit
Brissot, Jacques-Pierre
Brown, John
Brunswick Manifesto
Brussels
Bryce, James
Brzezinski, Zbigniew
Buonarroti, Philippe
Burckhardt, Jacob
bureaucracies, power of
Bush, George H. W.
Bush, George W.
California Democratic Council (CDC)
Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Piketty)
capitalism; democracy and; Marx’s predicted self-destruction of
Carbonari
Carlyle, Thomas
Carter, Jimmy
Cartledge, Paul
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Chaerephon
Chamberlain, Joseph
Charles II, king of England
Charmides
Chartists; arrests and imprisonment of; Convention of; 1839 conventions of; electoral reforms demanded by; strikes and uprisings by; universal male suffrage as core principle of
Cherokee nation
Chicago, Ill., 1968 Democratic convention in
Chickasaw nation
Choctaw nation
Chomsky, Noam
Chronique de Paris
Churchill, Winston
Cimon
City Dionysia
civil disobedience
civil liberties, Wilson’s suppression of
civil rights movement
Civil War, U.S.
Civil War in France, The (Marx)
Clash of Civilizations, The (Huntington)
class conflict
class struggle
Clayton Antitrust Act
Cleisthenes; civic festivals emphasized by; civic tribes created by; political reforms of; rise of
Cleomenes
Cleon
Clinton, Hillary
cold war
Cole, G.D.H.
Collective Thinking
Cologne, Germany
commerce: American culture and; American democracy and; Jackson’s advocacy of; Paine’s advocacy of
Committee on Public Information
Common Sense (Paine)
Communist League
Communist Manifesto, The (Marx and Engels)
Communist Party of Great Britain
communists, communism; democracy and; in Germany
Condorcet, Marquis de; ad hominem attacks on; capture and death of; draft constitution of; enlightened public assumed by; as leader of 1792 constitution committee; mathematical and philosophical achievements of; sans-culottes insurrection defended by; warrant for arrest of; women’s rights championed by
Condorcet Jury Theorem
Congressional Government (Wilson)
Congress of Vienna
consent, as core principle of American democracy
Constant, Benjamin
Constitution, U.S.; Madison as chief architect of; viewed as democratic instrument; voting restrictions in
Constitution of Athens, The (Aristotle, attributed)
Continental Army
Continental Congress
Creek nation
Crisis of Democracy, The
Critias
Croly, Herbert
Crossley, Archibald
Crystallizing Public Opinion
Cuban missile crisis (1962)
culture, American, see American culture
Czechoslovakia; Velvet Revolution in
Dahl, Robert
Danton, Georges
David, Jacques-Louis
Davidson, Carl
Debs, Eugene V.
Declaration of Independence; as moral challenge
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, French
Delphi
demagogues
democracy: in American republic, see American democracy; in ancient Greece, see Athenian democracy; anxieties about; capitalism and; Cole’s conception of; communism and; conflicting views of; Dahl’s definition of; dangers of; demagogues and; Dewey’s conception of; dictatorial; direct, see direct democracy; Economist index of; eighteenth-century rebirth of; as enduring ideal; as European invention; forced export of; Freedom House index of; future of; as “government by popular opinion” (Wilson); Havel on; Huntington’s view of; inherent instability of; internationalism and; labor unions and; Lenin’s conception of; liberalism and; liberalism vs.; limits on; Lincoln on; Lippmann’s conception of; Marx’s ambivalence about; Mazzini’s view of; Michels’s faith in; misleading accounts of; modern conception of; as most often honored in the breach; nationalist movements and; in nineteenth-century Europe, see Europe, struggle for equality in; as pandering to desire; participatory (see also direct democracy); psychological limits on; public opinion and; representative, see representative democracy; revolt as recurrent feature of; Rice’s view of; Rousseau on; Schumpeter’s view of; slavery and; social, see social democracy; totalitarian; V-Dem Institute report on; Wallas on; Weber on; Whitman on; Wilson’s conception of; World War II and
democracy, as ideal: in popular opinion; as shared belief system
democracy, in twentieth century; American vs. Soviet versions of; centralized states and; cold war and; Guild Socialism and; marketing and; Russian Revolution and, see Russian Revolution; Wilson and, see Wilson, Woodrow
democracy, in twenty-first century; Occupy Wall Street and, see Occupy Wall Street movement
democracy, use of term: American radicals’ embrace of; in eighteenth-century America; fealty to U.S. Constitution conflicted with; historical variations in; Jackson and; in Renaissance; in republican thought; in Roman Empire; as synonym for “republic”; as synonym for violent anarchy; Wilson and, see Wilson, Woodrow: democracy as envisioned by
Democracy: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom (Rice)
Democracy Ancient and Modern (Finley)
Democracy in America (Tocqueville)
“Democracy in Crisis” (Freedom House)
Democracy Index
“Democracy Is in the Streets” (Miller)
democratic clubs, American; Washington’s criticisms of
Democratic National Convention of 1968
Democratic-Republican Party
Democratic Vistas (Whitman)
Democrats, Democratic Party, U.S.; Jacksonian; Wilsonian
Demosthenes
Dewey, John; democracy as understood by
dictatorships, “democratic”
Diodotus
direct democracy: Michels’s admiration for; Occupy Wall Street as; and problems of scale; radical tendencies of; Russian soviets as examples of; of Swiss Landsgemeinden; Theodore Roosevelt’s advocacy of; utopianism of; see also Athenian democracy; Parisian sectional assemblies
Divenire Social, Il
Dorr, Thomas Wilson
Douglass, Frederick
Duma
Dunn, John
economic inequality; growth of
Economist, Democracy Index of
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
elections: as central to American democracy; lotteries vs.
elections, U.S.: of 1800; of 1824; of 1828; of 1840; of 1912; of 1916; of 1936; of 1956; of 1960; of 1968; of 2008; of 2016; as failing to produce responsive government; voter suppression in; voter turnout in
Electoral College
elites; rule by
Emerson, Ralph Waldo; self-reliance preached by
Émile (Rousseau)
Engels, Friedrich
Enlightenment
Enragés
ephebes
Ephialtes
equal rights
Equal Rights Amendment
“Essay on the Application of Mathematics to the Theory of Decision Making” (Condorcet)
Essays on Popular Government (Maine)
Essence and Value of Democracy, The (Kelsen)
Estates General, French
Estlund, David M.
Euboea
Europe, struggle for equality in; Chartist movement in, see Chartists; growth of political parties in; insurrectionists in; labor unions in; Marx and; Mazzini and; nationalist movements in; 1905 Russian general strike in; Paris Commune of 1871 in, see Paris Commune of 1871; revolutions of 1848 in; secret societies in; social democratic movements in, see social democracy
Fabian Society; Lippmann and
Fanon, Frantz
Fascist Party
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Federalist Papers
Federalists
Federal Reserve Act
Federal Trade Commission Act
Fifteenth Amendment
Figaro, Le
Finley, M. I.
Fitzgerald, F. Scott
Foreign Affairs
Foster, Stephen
Fourth of July celebrations
France: as imperial power; Third Republic of; universal manhood suffrage in; war on Austria declared by (1792)
Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871)
Fraternal Democrats
freedom, free enterprise as pillar of
Freedom House
freedom of the press
free enterprise, as pillar of free society
free labor
free trade; as guarantor of civic freedom; Paine as advocate of
French National Convention; Condorcet’s draft constitution in; constitutional committee of; Jacobin constitution ratified by; monarchy abolished by; opposition to Condorcet’s draft
constitution in; popular sovereignty as principle of; Robespierre’s address to; sans-culottes at; sans-culottes’ takeover of
French Revolution; constitutional monarchy and; fédérés (volunteer soldiers) in; high level of literacy in; Jacobin constitution of 1793 in; Marx’s study of; Paris Commune in, see Paris Commune of 1792; Paris sectional assemblies in, see Parisian sectional assemblies; Reign of Terror in; representative democracy as outcome of; storming of Bastille in
French Revolution, The (Carlyle)
French Revolution, U.S. response to
Freud, Sigmund
Fugitive Slave Law
Führerdemokratie (leadership democracy)
Fukuyama, Francis
Gallup, George
Gauchet, Marcel
General Convention of the Industrious Classes (1839)
General German Workers’ Association
general will; Rousseau’s concept of
Genet, Edmund Charles
Geneva; armed revolts in; political system of
Genoa, Republic of
Gentile, Giovanni
Germany, communists in
Germany, Imperial: Bismarck’s unification of; social democracy in; universal manhood suffrage adopted in
Germany, Nazi
Ghana
Gilens, Martin
Gorky, Maxim
Gotha Program
government: regulatory and administrative functions of; secrecy of
Government of National Defense, French
Graeber, David
Great Gatsby, The (Fitzgerald)
Greece, ancient: aristocracies and oligarchies as primary form of government in; forms of government in; in Hellenistic period
Greek Commonwealth, The (Zimmern)
Grote, George
Guild Socialism
Habermas, Jürgen
Habsburg Empire
Hamilton, Alexander; on democracy
Hansen, Mogens Herman
Harney, Julian
Harpers Ferry, Brown’s raid on
Harvard University, Center of International Affairs at
Havel, Václav
Hegel, G.W.F.
Herodotus
Hetherington, Henry
Hippias
History of the French Revolution (Michelet)
History of the Peloponnesian War (Thucydides)
Hitler, Adolf
Hobbes, Thomas
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.
Holocaust
hoplites (Greek infantrymen)
Horseshoe Bend, Battle of (1814)
Hôtel de Ville, Paris
House Un-American Activities Committee
Howe, Irving
Human Condition, The (Arendt)
Human Development Index
Human Nature in Politics (Wallas)
human rights; Athenian democracy as lacking concept of; Declaration of Independence on; UN declaration of; UN Human Development Index of
Humphrey, Hubert
Hungary; workers’ councils in
Huntington, Samuel P.; academic career of; on American national identity; antiwar protesters’ reviling of; democracy as viewed by; on erosion of white male power; in Johnson administration; liberalism of; Vietnam War and
immigrants, undocumented
imperialism, Versailles Peace Treaty and
India, partition of
Indignados (the Outraged)
individualism; perfect
Indonesia
Industrial Workers of the World
inequality: growth of; see also wealth inequality
information, Internet and aggregation of
institutions, representative, direct actions as frustrated by
Intercollegiate Socialist Society
International
internationalism, democracy and
International Socialist Congress
International Working Men’s Association
Internet: and aggregation of information; propaganda and
Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis (Freud)
Iraq, U.S. invasion of
Italy: Carbonari in; Fascism in
Izvestiia
Jackson, Andrew; background of; commerce promoted by; 1828 presidential campaign of; elites detested by; historians’ views of; Indians hated by; rule of law disregard by; in War of 1812
“Jacksonian democracy”
Jacobins, Jacobin clubs; as laboratories of direct democracy; Reign of Terror implemented by; Robespierre in address to
James, Henry
Jay, John
Jay Treaty (1795)
Jefferson, Thomas; Declaration of Independence and; as sympathizer with French revolutionary cause
Jena, Germany
Jews, Holocaust and
Johnson, Lyndon
Jones, Gareth Stedman
Jowett, Benjamin
Kahneman, Daniel
Kelsen, Hans
Kennedy, John F.
Keyssar, Alexander
King, Martin Luther, Jr.; assassination of
Korea, see North Korea; South Korea
Korean War
Kropotkin, Pyotr
labor unions; democracy and; general strikes and; rise of
“La Marseillaise”
Landon, Alf
Laos
Laski, Harold
Lassalle, Ferdinand
League of Nations; nonviolent conflict resolution as principle of; self-determination as goal of
Leaves of Grass (Whitman)
Legislative Assembly, French; arming of citizens by; factions in
Lenin, Vladimir; democracy as viewed by; on Paris Commune of 1871; “peace decree” of; in return to Petrograd; self-determination as principle of; Swiss exile of
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
liberalism; democracy and; democracy vs.; Lippmann and; modern attacks on; use of term; Wilson and
libertarians
Liberty and the News (Lippmann)
Libya
Lijphart, Arend
Lincoln, Abraham; on democracy
Lindsay, A. D.
Lippmann, Walter; democracy as envisioned by; as journalist; on media’s role in politics; on public relations; as socialist; Wallas and
Lissagaray, Prosper-Olivier
Literary Digest, straw polls of
Liveright, Horace
Lives (Plutarch)
Locke, John
London, political exiles in
London Democratic Association
lotteries: in Athenian democracy; elections vs.
Louis XIV, king of France
Louis XV, king of France, execution of
Louis XVI, king of France; attempted flight of; sans-culottes’ confrontation of; war on Austria declared by
Lunn, George
Luxemburg, Rosa
MacArthur, Douglas
Macedonian Empire
Machiavelli, Niccolò
Madison, James; as chief architect of U.S. Constitution
Madrid
Maidan revolt (2013)
Maine, Henry Sumner
Manchester, England, Chartist riot in
Mandat, Marquis de
Mannheim, Germany
Marat, Jean-Paul; Condorcet’s draft constitution opposed by
Marie Antoinette, queen of France
marketing, democracy and
Marx, Karl; capitalism’s self-destruction predicted by; democracy as viewed by; economic theories of; end to social divisions predicted by; French Revolution studied by; Hegel’s influence on; need for revolution conceded by; Paris Commune of 1871 extolled by
Marxists, Marxism
Masses
Mass Strike, the Political Party, and the Trade Unions, The (Luxemburg)
Mathiez, Albert
Mazzini, Giuseppe; democracy as viewed by; religious rhetoric of
media, political role of
Melbourne, Lord
Mensheviks
Michelet, Jules
Michels, Robert; faith in democracy of; Fascism and; Weber and
Mill, John Stuart
minstrel shows
Mirabeau, Comte de
“Modern Democratic State, The” (Wilson; unpublished)
Montesquieu
Morgan, Edmund
Morley, John
Morris, William
Mosca, Gaetano
Moscow, 1905 general strike in
Mouvement socialiste
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick
Mussolini, Benito
Mycale
Mytilene revolt
National Assembly, French
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
National Constituent Assembly, French
National Gazette
National Guard, Parisian
National Institute of Standards and Technology
nationalist movements; democracy and
National Liberal Federation, British
National Science Foundation
Native Americans: Jackson’s hatred of; resettlement of
nativism; Athenian democracy and
natural rights
Nazis
neo-anarchists
New England, town meetings in
New Left
New Orleans, Battle of
New Republic
New School for Social Research
New York State
New York, N.Y.: January 2017 anti-Trump protests in; Zuccotti Park in
New York Democratic Society: Fourth of July celebration of; popular sovereignty espoused by
New York Police Department
New York Times, The
Nicholas II, tsar of Russia, abdication of
Niebuhr, Reinhold
Nineteenth Amendment
Nixon, Richard
North Carolina, voting rights in
Northern Star
North Korea
nuclear weapons
Obama, Barack
Ober, Josiah
O’Brien, Bronterre
Occupy Oakland
Occupy Wall Street movement; as direct democracy
Orbán, Viktor
Ossining, N.Y.
ostracism
Ostrogorski, Moisey Y.
Ottoman Empire
Page, Benjamin
Paine, Thomas; background of; commerce promoted by; Common Sense by; representative democracy praised by; on representative democracy
Pakistan
Pannekoek, Anton
Pareto, Vilfredo
Paris, Prussian advance on (1792)
Paris Commune of 1792; sectional assemblies’ insurrection in
Paris Commune of 1871; establishment and violent end of; leftist veneration of; Lenin on; political reforms as response to
Parisian sectional assemblies; arming of citizens by; as laboratories of direct democracy; as open to even poorest critics; in Paris Commune insurrection; participation in; Rousseau as inspiration to; Section Roi-de-Sicile of
Parliament, British: Chartist demands for reform of; Chartist petition rejected by
participatory democracy; see also direct democracy
Partito Socialista Italiano
Paul, Ron
Peisistratus
Peloponnesian War; Athenian defeat in; Mytilene revolt in
Pennsylvania: 1776 constitution of; voting rights in
Pennsylvania Magazine, The: or, American Monthly Museum
People’s Party (Rhode Island)
perfect individualism
Pericles; Athenian imperialism defended by; background of; death of; funeral oration of; as military leader; military reforms of; as orator; public works projects of; Thucydides’ admiration of
Persians, The (Aeschylus)
Persian Wars, Greek victories in
Petrograd: 1917 uprising in; see also St. Petersburg, Russia
Petrograd soviet: Bolshevik takeover of; direct democracy in; Executive Committee of; plenary sessions of
Phantom Public, The (Lippmann)
Philadelphia, Pa., democratic clubs in
Philosophy of Right (Hegel)
Piketty, Thomas
Piraeus
Plato; democracy criticized by
pluralism
Plutarch
Poland, Solidarity in
polarization, political
Political Order in Changing Societies (Huntington)
political participation: dangers of; Mill on
political parties; bureaucratic inertia of; growth of
Political Parties (Michels)
politics: freedom from; media’s role in
poll taxes
Polybius
Poor Man’s Guardians
popular opinion, “democracy as government by” (Wilson)
popular sovereignty; American democracy and; and Condorcet’s draft constitution; Parisian sectional assemblies and, see Parisian sectional assemblies; pluralism and; as principle of French Convention; Robespierre and; Rousseau’s conception of; tyranny as facilitated by; Wilson on
populism; modern rebirth of
“Port Huron Statement, The”
postcolonial world
Preconditions of Socialism and the Tasks of Social Democracy, The (Bernstein)
Preface to Politics, A (Lippmann)
presidency, U.S.: founders’ expectations for; Jackson and; Wilson on
Princeton University, Wilson as professor and president of
prisons, blacks in
private property
Progressives, of Theodore Roosevelt
progressivism
proletariat; dictatorship of
propaganda: Bernays’s justification of; Internet and; truth as casualty of
“Protestant Ethic and the ‘Spirit’ of Capitalism, The” (Weber)
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph
Prussia, in advance on Paris (1792)
Public and Its Problems, The (Dewey)
Public Health Services
public opinion: Bernays on; democracy and
Public Opinion (Lippmann)
public opinion polls; bandwagon effect and; and 1936 election
public relations: Bernays as father of; Lippmann on
Puerto Rico
“pussyhats”
Putin, Vladimir
race, voting rights and
racism; Versailles Peace Treaty and; see also white supremacy
Radical Republicans
Raoul Rigault, Public Prosecutor
Rawls, John
Reconstruction
Reed, John
Reform Act of 1832, British
Reform or Revolution (Luxemburg)
Renaissance
“Report on the Principles of Public Morality” (Robespierre)
Representation of the People’s Act (British; 1884)
representative democracy; evolution of; institutions of, see institutions, representative; as outcome of French Revolution; Paine on; Paine’s praise of; Robespierre on; Rousseau on; as “undemocratic”
republic, used as synonym for “democracy”
Republic (Plato)
Republicans, Republican Party
revolt, as recurrent feature of democracy
revolutions of 1848
Rhode Island; blacks given right to vote in; blacks in; 1842 constitution of; 1842 voting rights struggle in; People’s Constitution of; People’s Convention in; royal charter of
Rhode Island Suffrage Association
Rhode Island Supreme Court
Rice, Condoleezza, democracy as understood by
Rigault, Raoul
Rights of Man, The (Paine)
Right to Vote, The (Keyssar)
Robespierre, Maximilien; address to Jacobins club of; address to National Convention of; arrest and execution of; popular sovereignty and; in Reign of Terror; on representative democracy
Roland, Madame
Roman Empire; criteria for citizenship in
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Roosevelt, Theodore; direct democracy advocated by
Roper, Elmo
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques; as ambivalent about reason; background of; on democracy; general will as concept of; popular sovereignty as concept of; on representative democracy
Roux, Jacques
rule of law; Jackson’s disregard of
Runciman, David
Rush, Benjamin
Russell, Lord John
Russia, tsarist; 1905 general strike in; October Manifesto of; social democracy movement in; socialism in; in World War I
Russian Revolution (1917); media coverage of; Petrograd uprising in; Provisional Government in; soviets in; Wilson’s praise for
Saigon, fall of
Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine
Salamis, Greek victory at
Samos
sans-culottes
Sardinia, Kingdom of
Schama, Simon
Schapper, Karl
Schnadhorst, Francis
Schumpeter, Joseph
Second International
secret societies
Seditious Meeting Act (British, 1817)
self-determination, of peoples
self-reliance; as principle of American democracy
“Self-Reliance” (Emerson)
Selma to Montgomery march
Seneca Falls, N.Y., 1848 women’s rights convention at
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks
Shaw, George Bernard
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
Shklar, Judith
Sicily, 1848 revolution in
Sicyon
Sing Sing prison
Sixteenth Amendment
Skinner, Quentin
slaves, slavery; abolitionism and; American democracy and; in ancient Athens; democracy and
Smith, Adam
Social Contract (Rousseau)
social democracy; in Germany; Michels and; in Russia
Social Democratic Labor Party, German
Social Democratic Party, German (SPD); growth of; hierarchies and organization of; Michels’s critique of
Social Democratic Party, Russian
Socialist Party, U.S.
socialists, socialism; Lippmann and; in Russia
social theory
Socrates; trial and execution of
Soldier and the State, The (Huntington)
Solidarity
Solon
Sophocles
Sorel, Georges
South, voting restrictions in
South Korea
soviets; Bolshevik takeover of; direct democracy in
Soviet Union: cold war and; collapse of; creation of; as imperial power
Spain: anti-austerity protest in; Podemos movement in
Sparta, Spartans
Stalin, Joseph
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady
State, The: Elements of Historical and Practical Politics (Wilson)
Steffens, Lincoln
Stevenson, Adlai
Stowe, Harriet Beecher
St. Petersburg, Russia: 1905 protest in; see also Petrograd
St. Petersburg soviet
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
Sukhanov, Nikolai
“Summer Meditations” (Havel)
Sunstein, Cass
Supreme Court, U.S., Worcester decision of
Swiss Guards
Switzerland, rural communes (Landsgemeinden) in
Sydney, Algernon
syndicalists
Taft, William Howard
Tauride Palace
Tea Party
Ten Days That Shook the World (Reed)
Thiers, Adolphe
Thoreau, Henry David
Thoughts on Government (Adams)
Thucydides; democracy criticized by
Tocqueville, Alexis de; at Albany Fourth of July celebration; on American democracy
“To Rome” (Aelius)
“To Those Born Later” (Brecht)
Trotsky, Leon
Truman, Harry
Trump, Donald J.; boorish behavior by; election of; and popular distrust of government; popular protests against
Tuileries Palace, Paris; Louis XVI’s confinement in; sans-culottes’ confrontation with Louis XVI in; storming of
Turgot
Turin, Italy
Turner, Frederick Jackson
Tuscany
Tversky, Amos
Twenty-fourth Amendment
Ukraine, Maidan revolt in
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe)
Union of Unions, Russian
United Kingdom: Brexit vote in; Chartist movement in; Guild Socialism in; as imperial power; voting rights in
United Nations: creation of; Human Development Index of
United Nations General Assembly
United States; cold war and; as commercial republic; electoral system of; entry into World War I of; French Revolution and; as imperial power; Iraq invasion of; liberalism in; low level of trust in government in; national identity of; political polarization of; in postwar era; racism in; Western expansion of; see also American democracy
United States Revenue Act (1913)
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
universal manhood suffrage; late nineteenth-century spread of
Varlet, Jean
V-Dem Institute
Velvet Revolution
Vendée: Jacobin slaughter of civilians in; uprisings in
Versailles, Palace of
Versailles, Peace Treaty of (1919); imperialism and; racism and
Vietnam War
Vindication of the Government of New-England Churches, A (Wise)
Virginia, voting rights in
voter suppression
voter turnout
voting, compulsory
voting rights; of blacks; 1842 Rhode Island struggle over; felony disenfranchisement and; poll taxes and; race and; restrictions on; Southern restrictions of; state variation in; struggle over; in UK; of women; see also universal manhood suffrage
Wallas, Graham
Walzer, Michael
War of 1812
War on Terrorism
Washington, D.C., blacks given right to vote in
Washington, George; democratic clubs criticized by
wealth inequality; see also inequality
Wealth of Nations, The (Smith)
Webb, Sidney and Beatrice
Weber, Max
Webster, Daniel
Whiskey Rebellion
Whitehead, Alfred North
white males, erosion of power of
white supremacy; of Wilson
Whitman, Walt; on democracy
Who Are We? (Huntington)
Wilde, Oscar
Wilson, James
Wilson, Woodrow; anti-immigrant policies of; as antiwar candidate in 1916 election; background of; in call for U.S. entry into World War I; civil liberties suppressed by; democracy as envisioned by; Fourteen Points of; liberalism and; in 1912 presidential election; as political scholar; on popular sovereignty; as president of Princeton; progressive policies of; on role of U.S. president; Russian Revolution praised by; self-determinism as principle of; white supremacy of
Wilsonian Democrats
Wise, John
women: in ancient Athens; voting rights of
Women’s March on Washington (2017)
women’s rights, Condorcet as champion of
Worcester v. Georgia
workers’ councils
Workers’ Group of the Central War Industries Committee
World War I; Russia in; U.S. entry into
World War II: death toll of; democratic ideals and
“Wrongs and Resources of the State” (Robespierre)
Xanthippus
Xenophon
Xerxes, king of Persia
Young Italy
Zeno of Elea
Zimmern, Alfred
Zuccotti Park (Manhattan)