NOTES

INTRODUCTION

  1  The Los Alamos National Laboratory, one of two U.S. facilities specializing in classified work on nuclear weapons design, recently published a never before seen pictorial report on those cities titled “History of Russian Nuclear Weapons Program” (http://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/lanl-history.pdf)

  2  “Putin: Soviet collapse a genuine tragedy,” Associated Press, April 25, 2005, posted as http://www.nbcnews.com/id/7632057/ns/world_news/t/putin-soviet-collapse-genuine-tragedy/#.VXsOqLNlzzY.

  3  (Translation: literally “appetite comes in eating,” or to prod someone into eating when they don’t feel like it.)

  4  Doug Mainwaring, “We are all Tea Partiers now,” The Washington Times, September 30, 2010, p.1.

  5  “American capitalism gone with a whimper,” Pravda, April 27, 2004.

CHAPTER ONE – SOCIALIST RUSSIA: AN “ILLEGAL” INTELLIGENCE TYRANNY

  1  https://spectator.org/39264_hiding-behind-us-law/

  2  The History of Espionage, chapter entitled “Günther Guillaume, Soviet Spy in West Germany,” internet version, http://members.nbci.com/1spy.

  3  In Soviet intelligence terminology, the term “illegal officer” designated an intelligence officer who was assigned under nonofficial cover, often—but not always—in alias.

  4  http://revcom.us/socialistconstitution/

CHAPTER TWO – UNDERCOVER FEUDALISM IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

  1  Mike Christopulos, “Russian Orthodox priest Father Arseny shone with Christ’s light in Soviet prison camp,” The Sword, vol. 1:36, August 2014.

  2  Astolphe, marquis de Custine, Journey For Our Time, edited and translatedby Phyllis Penn Kohler. (Washington, DC: Regnery, 1987), 161, 152.

  3  Quoted in Edward Hallet Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–1923 (London: MacMillan, 1953), Vol. III, p. 14.

  4  John Costello and Oleg Tsarev, Deadly Illusions (New York: Crown, 1993), p. 24.

  5  This letter was seen by the author in 1992 at an exhibit entitled “Revelations from the Russian Archives,” which was displayed at the Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

  6  George Legget, The Cheka: Lenin’s Political Police. (Oxford University Press, 1981), p. 114, as quoted in Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 44.

  7  Quoted in Ronald W. Clark, Lenin. (New York: Harper & Row, 1988), pp. 472, 474.

  8  On my visits to the Lubyanka, I was never taken to the KGB officers’ club. The existence of the Dzerzhinsky memorial figure is confirmed in Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 42–43, which adds that it was thrown out toward the end of Stalin’s reign but that then under Khrushchev a huge statue of him was erected outside KGB headquarters on Dzerzhinsky Square.

  9  Jean Mackenzie, “Anti-Semitism is resurfacing in Russia,” Boston Globe, November 8, 1998, as published on the internet at www.fsumonitor.com/stories/11098mak.shtml

10  William Korey, “Russian Antisemitism, Pamyat, and the Demonology of Zionism,” The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, as published on http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/studies2.html.

11  The Okhrana was founded in 1881 by Alexander III. It replaced the Department of State Police, which failed to save the life of his father, Tsar Alexander II.

12  In 1894, French Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a wealthy Alsatian Jew, was falsely sentenced for espionage by an anti-Semitic court and deported to Devil’s Island. Émile Zola, a leading supporter of Dreyfus, promptly published J’accuse, reproving the judges for their anti-Semitism. Zola was tried for libel but escaped to England. The violent partisanship over this case dominated French life for more than a decade.

13  Philip Grave, “The Protocols: A Literary Forgery,” The Times, London, August 16, 17, and 18, 1921, as published in www.nizkor.org/ftp.cgi?documents/protocols/protocols.zion.

CHAPTER THREE – SOCIALIST ANTI-SEMITISM

  1  Jean-Louis Panné, Andrzej Paczkowski, Karel Bartosek, Jean-Louis Margolin, Nicolas Werth, Stéphane Courtois, Mark Kramer (ed., tr.) and Jonathan Murphy (tr.), The Black Book of Communism (Harvard University Press, 1997).

  2  “U.S. Department of State Annual Report on International Religious Freedom for 1999: Russia,” September 9, 1999, internet edition.

  3  Text of the U.S. Senate letter, including signatures listed alphabetically, published on the internet at http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Histroy?Human%20Rights/98sens.html.

  4  Steve Rosenberg, “Anti-Semitism alarms Russian Jews,” BBC News, Moscow, as posted on http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/427183.stm.

  5  Amiram Barkat and Gideon Alon, “Survey: Anti_Semitism rises in Russia, schrinks in Europe,” Haaretz, January 27, 2006.

  6  John Toland, Adolf Hitler (New York: Doubleday, 1976), p. 548.

  7  Dekanozov can be seen next to Stalin in the official picture of the Soviet May Day parade published in Pravda on May 3, 1940.

  8  Departamentul de Informatii Externe, Romania’s espionage service.

CHAPTER FOUR – STEALING AMERICA’S NUCLEAR BOMB

  1  This interpretation now appears in many places, most notably in John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr, and Alexander Vasiliev, Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), 39–58.

  2  Whittaker Chambers, Witness (Washington: Regnery, 1952, reissued), 271–280.

  3  Chambers, Witness, 281–282.

  4  Chambers, Witness, 445–446.

  5  Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood (New York: Modern Library, 2000), 183.

  6  Haynes, Klehr, and Vassiliev, Spies, 46, 57.

  7  Haynes, Klehr, and Vasiliev, Spies, 58.

  8  Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov, with Jerrold L. and Leona P. Schecter, Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness—a Soviet Spymaster (Boston: Little, Brown, 1994).

  9  Unless noted otherwise, the information in this chapter regarding Oppenheimer’s connection with Soviet foreign intelligence is taken from Pavel Sudoplatov’s Special Tasks. Specific quotes are footnoted.

10  Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America’s Traitors (Washington: Regnery, 2000), 257, 266, 277.

11  Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 175–176.

12  Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 194.

13  Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 186–187.

14  Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 184.

CHAPTER FIVE – DISINFORMATION: THE ORIGINAL FAKE NEWS

  1  As in previous chapters on the Oppenheimer case, unless otherwise noted, all material in this chapter can be found in Pavel Sudoplatov’s Special Tasks.

  2  Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 177.

  3  Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York: Basic Books, 1999).

  4  John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr, and Alexander Vassiliev, Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), 56–57. There are many references to Kheifetz and to the nonrecruitment of Oppenheimer in several books based on Vassiliev’s documents.

  5  Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 197, 214, 218.

  6  Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive, 107–108, 122–124. The information on Zarubin’s awards is attributed to Samolis (ed.), Veterany Vneshnei Razvedki Rosii [Veterans of Russian Foreign Intelligence], 53–55, not to Mitrokhin.

  7  Haynes, Klehr, and Vassiliev, Spies, 529–530.

  8  Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 197.

  9  Jerrold and Leona Schecter, Sacred Secrets: How Soviet Intelligence Operations Changed American History (Washington: Brassey’s, 2002), 81–82.

10  Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive, 123–124.

11  Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 197.

12  Haynes, Klehr, and Vassiliev, Spies, 52.

13  Jerrold and Leona Schecter, Sacred Secrets, 315–317.

14  Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 197.

15  The author has the original letter.

16  Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America’s Traitors. (Washington: Regnery, 2000) 15–17

17  Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story of Its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev, (New York: HarperCollins, 1990), 287-288 and passim.

“DEVELOPING THE SECRET INK”

  p. 3  The “Walker Note” – Commission Ex. 1: Unsigned note to Marina Oswald, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 16:1 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

  p. 5  Photocopy of Oswald’s Nov. 9, 1963, Letter – Commission Ex. 15: Letter from Lee Harvey Oswald to the Russian Embassy, November 9, 1963, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 16:33 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

  p. 5  Draft of the Same Letter Found in Ruth Paine’s Garage – Commission Ex. 103: Draft of letter written by Lee Harvey Oswald to the Russian Embassy, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 16:443 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

  p. 6  Esta Semana Cover & Photocopy – Commission Ex. 2486: Photos of pamphlet entitled This Week—Esta Semana, for the week September 28–October 4, 1963, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 25:683, 685 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

  p. 6  Oswald’s Letter – Commission Ex. 15: Letter from Lee Harvey Oswald to the Russian Embassy, November 9, 1963, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 16:33 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

  p. 7  Letter Translation – Report of the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy (Warren Commission Report), 88th Cong. 309-311 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo. gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings, U.S. Government Publishing Office, September 14, 2020.

  p. 8  Photocopy of Oswald’s Address Book – Commission Ex. 18: Address book of Lee Harvey Oswald, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 16:53 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

  p. 8  U.S. Secret Service Report – Commission Ex. 1143: Excerpt from Secret Service Report, August 28, 1964, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 22:153 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

  p. 9  Photocopy of Russian Book – Commission Ex. 1971: “Book of Useful Advice,” in Russian, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 23:828 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

p. 10  Marina’s Letter to the Russian Embassy – Commission Ex. 12: Undated letter from Marina Oswald to the Russian Embassy, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 16:25 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

p. 10  Lee Harvey Oswald’s Letter to the Russian Embassy – Commission Ex. 13: Letter from Lee Harvey Oswald to the Russian Embassy, July 1, 1963, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 16:30 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings. p. 11 Translation of Marina’s Letter – Commission Ex. 12: Undated letter from Marina Oswald to the Russian Embassy, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 16:26, 28 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

p. 12  Photocopies of Oswald’s “Historic Diary” – Commission Ex. 24: Lee Harvey Oswald’s “Historic Diary,” in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 16:94-95 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

p. 13  Photocopies of Oswald’s Letters – Commission Ex. 252: Letter from Lee Harvey Oswald to the American Embassy in Moscow, May 1961, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 16:705-06 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

p. 14  Photocopies of Oswald’s Letters to His Brother – Commission Ex. 298: Letter from Lee Harvey Oswald to Robert Oswald, May 5, 1961, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 16:826 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

p. 15  Photocopy of Oswald’s Photograph – Commission Ex. 133-A: Photograph of Lee Harvey Oswald holding a rifle, May 5, 1961, in Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 88th Cong. 16:510 (1964), accessed September 14, 2020, www.govinfo.gov/features/warren-commission-report-and-hearings.

p. 15  Back of Oswald’s Photograph – Ex. 133-A DEM: Reverse of photograph of Lee Harvey Oswald holding a rifle, in Appendix to Hearings Before the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Cong. 6:151 (1979), accessed September 14, 2020, https://history-matters.com/archive/contents/hsca/contents_hsca_vol6.htm.

p. 16  De Mohrenschildt Manuscript – Manuscript by George de Mohrenschildt, in Appendix to Hearings Before the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Cong. 12:255-56 (1979), accessed September 14, 2020, https://history-matters.com/archive/contents/hsca/contents_hsca_vol6.htm.

p. 17  Title Page of Joesten/PGU Book – Joachim Joesten, Oswald: Assassin Or Fall Guy? (New York: Marzani & Munsell, 1964), 2.

p. 18  Joesten’s Dedication Page – Joachim Joesten, Oswald: Assassin Or Fall Guy? (New York: Marzani & Munsell, 1964), 3.

p. 19  Dear Mr. Hunt Letter – Ex. 47: Handwritten letter to Mr. Hunt, in Appendix to Hearings Before the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Cong. 8:357 (1979), accessed September 14, 2020, https://history-matters.com/archive/contents/hsca/contents_hsca_vol6.htm. p. 20 Photocopy of De Mohrenschildt’s Manuscript – Manuscript by George de Mohrenschildt, in Appendix to Hearings Before the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Cong. 12:204 (1979), accessed September 14, 2020, https://history-matters.com/archive/contents/hsca/contents_hsca_vol6.htm.

CHAPTER SIX – THE KILLING OF PRESIDENT KENNEDY

  1  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev

  2  Literaturnaya Gazeta, February 24, 1988, cited in Andrew and Gordievsky, p. 424.

  3  Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, translated and edited by Strobe Talbot (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1970), P. 337. (This is the first volume of Khrushchev’s memoirs and will henceforth be referred to as Khrushchev I.)

  4  Andrew and Gordievsky, p. 424.

  5  Ion Mihai Pacepa, Programmed to Kill, (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2007).

  6  John Barron, KGB: The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents (New York: Reader’s Digest Books, 1974, reprinted by Bamtam Books), p. 429.

  7  The Kremlin’s disinformation operation, codenamed Dragon, was described in my book Programmed to Kill: Moscow’s Responsibility for Lee Harvey Oswald’s Assassination of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. In 2010, this book was presented at the Organization of American Historians conference with a review by Prof. Stan Weber (McNeese State University), describing it as “a superb new paradigmatic work on the death of President Kennedy” and a “must read for everyone interested in the assassination,” from the “most casual reader to the serious student preparing his or her own magnum opus.”

  8  Stan Weber, “A New Paradigmatic Work on the JFK Assassination,” H-Net Online, October 2009, http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=25348. In 2010, Pacepa’s book Programmed to Kill was presented at the Organization of American Historians conference. Prof. Stan Weber (McNeese State University) described it as a “must read for everyone interested in the assassination.”

  9  WC Report, pp. 183–187.

10  WCE 1.

11  WC Vol. 1, p. 17.

12  WC Report, p. 183.

13  Warren Commission Exhibit 2486.

14  Testimony of Ruth Hyde Paine, Warren Commission Vol. 3, pp. 12–13.

15  Warren Commission Exhibit 1400.

16  Priscilla Johnson McMillan, Marina and Lee (New York: Harper & Row, 1977), p. 496.

17  Edward Jay Epstein, Legend: The Secret World of Lee Harvey Oswald (New York: Reader’s Digest Press), p. 16.

18  George J. Church, “Crawling with Bugs,” Time, April 20, 1987, pp. 14–24.

19  Molly Moore and David B. Ottaway, “2nd Ranking Embassy Marine A Suspect in Security Breach,” The Washington Post, April 1, 1987, pp. A1, A19.

20  Kritika Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 14(2):279-312, as published in http://www.researchgate.net/publication/270617204_Khrushchev%27s_Second_First_Secretaries_Career_Trajectories_after_the_Unification_of_Oblast_Party_Organizations

CHAPTER SEVEN – GHEORGHIU-DEJ, CEAUSESCU, AND “RADU”

  1  Vladimir Kuzichkin, Inside the KGB: My Life in Soviet Espionage (New York: Pantheon Books, 1990), pp. 215–218.

  2  For details on General Militaru’s recruitment by Soviet intelligence see Pacepa, Red Horizons, pp.193–5 and 201–2.

  3  Der Spiegel, November 9, 1987, p. 186

  4  Dumitru Mazilu, “Revolutia Furata (“The Stolen Revolution”), serialized in Lumea Libera (New York), July 27, 1991, p. 9

  5  Vladimir Tismaneanu, Reinventing Politics: Eastern Europe from Stalin to Havel (New York: The Free Press, 1992), p. 234.

  6  Andrei Codrescu, The Hole in the Flag: A Romanian Exile’s Story of Return and Revolution (New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1991), pp. 47–8.

  7  “Ion Iliescu: Romania’s ex-leader charged with crimes against humanity,” World Justice News, April 20, 2019.

CHAPTER EIGHT – THE GLASNOST SWINDLE

  1  Zhores Medvedev, Gorbachev (New York: Norton, 1987), p. 37.

  2  Vladimir Solovyov and Elena Klepikova, Behind the High Kremlin’s Wall. (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1987), pp. 173–6.

  3  Christian Schmidt-Häuer, Gorbachev: The Path to Power (London: I. B. Tauris, 1987), p. 64.

  4  Tolkovyy SlovarRusskogo Yazyka (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language), ed. D.N. Ushakov (Moscow: “Soviet Encyclopedia” State Institute, 1935), Vol. I, p. 570.

  5  GLASNOST: Dostupnost obshchestvennomy obsuzhdeniyu, kontrolyu; publichnost (meaning, the quality of being made available for public discussion or control), Tolkovyy SlovarRusskogo Yazyka (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language), ed. D.N. Ushakov (Moscow: “Soviet Encyclopedia” State Institute, 1935), Vol. I, p. 570.

  6  Sam Marcy, “The collapse of the USSR and the destiny of socialism,” www.nytransfer@icg.apc.org, pp. 12–13.

  7  Cal Thomas, “20/20 hindsight and insight,” The Washington Times, March 24, 2002, internet edition.

  8  David Wise, “Closing Down the KGB,” The New York Times Magazine, November 24, 1991, pp. 68, 71.

  9  Uri Dan and Leo Standora, “KGB claims it has no record on Rosenbergs,” The New York Post, November 25, 1991, p. 1.

10  (State Security Organs), internet, fsb.ru/history/organi, p. 2.

11  (State Security Organs), internet, fsb.ru/history/organi, p. 2.

12  Natalia Gevorkian, “Revanchism in the Security Forces,” Crossroads: A Monitor of Post-Soviet Reform, March 15, 1993, p.4.

13  “Russian successor to KGB gains extensive powers, alarming right activists,” The Baltimore Sun, April 7, 1995, p. 6A.

14  John Lloyd, “The Russian Devolution,” The New York Times Magazine, August 15, 1999, p. 38.

15  Richard Lourie, “Who Stole Russia?” The Washington Post Book World, October 15, 2000, p. 3.

16  “Could it lead to fascisms?” The Economist, July 11, 1998, U.S. edition, p. 19.

17  Yevgenia Albats, The KGB: The State Within a State (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1994), pp.23.

18  Yevgenia Albats, “Democratic Façade in Russia,” The Washington Post, June 6, 2000, p. B7.

19  “The Perils of Catching Cold,” Time, December 1997, p. 38, Internet Edition, geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/9802/yelt1.

20  “Can the crisis end in a coup?” Moscow, the Nezavisimaya Gazyeta, July 7, 1998, p. 1.

21  Barry Renfrew, “Boris Yeltsin Resigns,” The Washington Post, December 31, 1999, 6:48 a.m.

22  The Drudge Report, December 31, 1999, 11:00 a.m. UTC.

23  Robert Amsterdam, Obama and McCain Fumble Russian Debate, October 9, 2008 http://www.robertamsterdam.com/2008/10/obama_and_mccain_both_fumble_r.htm.

24  “Russians tune up for Soviet-style start of the New Year,” AFP, Moscow, December 31, 2000, internet edition.

CHAPTER NINE – AS RUSSIAN AS THE BALALAIKA

  1  “Clan of FSB Provide a ‘Foundation’ for the Putin Regime,” Novaya Gazeta, June 2003, republished by Center for the Future of Russia.

  2  “The Return of the KGB,” Center for the Future of Russia, March 23, 2003, p. 1.

  3  Michael R. Gordon, “Putin, in a Rare Interview, Says He’ll Use Ex-K.G.B. Aides to Root Out Graft,” The New York Times, March 24, 2000, internet edition, p. 2.

  4  http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB121824156547126077

  5  Douglas J. Brown, “Chekists Around the World Celebrate 9/11,” NewsMax.com, September 19, 2002, published in www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2002/18/170000.shtml.

  6  http://spectator.org/archives/2009/06/26/an-open-letter-to-the-psdrn-ge

  7  http://www.cnbc.com/id/101852656

  8  http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB121824156547126077

  9  http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/putin-changes-course-admits-russian-troops-were-in-crimea-before-vote/2014/04/17/b3300a54-c617-11e3-bf7a-be01a9b69cf1_story.html

10  http://www.cnbc.com/id/101852656

11  Julius Strauss, “False teeth for children of Stalin’s victims,” The Age, January 29, 2003, published on the internet at www.theage.comau/articles/2003/01/28/1043534055349.html.

12  “What happened to Kursk,” www.aeronautics.ru., synopsis.

13  “Russian Elite’s Old Reflexes,” Izvestiya, August 18, 2000, p. 1.

14  “Kursk Submarine Disaster: Russian Elite Scored, Democracy Tested,” www.usinfo.state.gov-admin/005.

15  “Sub’s Crew Are Victims Of Putin’s Misplaced Pride,” Daily Express, lead editorial, August 18, 2000.

16  Journey for Our Time: The Russian Journals of the Marquis de Custine, edited and translated by Phyllis Penn Kohler. (Washington, D.C.: 1987), Gateway Editions, p. 171.

17  “Chernobyl—the accident,” internet, www.bellona.no/12663.

18  Graham Young, “Chernobyl: The Disaster and its Legacy,” internet, www.geocities.com/graham-young-uk/Chernobyl.html., chapter on environmental and health implications.

19  Joe Topino, “Putin could be world’s richest man with stolen 200 Billion fortune,” New York Post, February 16, 2015.

20  “Putin offers sympathy and support for US,” Radio Free Europe Newsline, September 12, 2001, internet edition.

21  Oleg Kalugin, The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West (New York: St. Martins Press, 1994).

22  Leonid Berres, “Oleg Kalugin to Be Tried in Absentia,” trans. Vitaly Baskakov, Kommersant, June 5, 2002, p.1

23  http://spectator.org/archives/2009/06/26/an-open-letter-to-the-psdrn-ge

24  “Defector: Putin’s KGB trained Top al-Qaeda Terrorist,” written by staff, The New American, August 8, 2006, http://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/15162-defector-putin-s-kgb-trained-top-al-qaeda-terrorists.

25  John Lloyd, “The Logic of Vladimir Putin,” The New York times Magazine, March 19, 2000, P. 65.

26  Celestine Bohlen, “Putin Tells Why He Became a Spy,” The New York Times, March 11, 2000, internet edition, p. 2.

27  Miriam Elder, “The Only Show in Town,” The New York Times, Book Review, Special Issue, November 30, 2014, p. 14.

28  “PARTIAL JUSTICE: An inquiry into the deaths of journalists in Russia, 1993–2009, IFJ Bruxelles, June 2009.

CHAPTER TEN – THE “DRAGON” OPERATION

  1  Lt. Gen. Ion Mihai Pacepa, Programmed to Kill: Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet Kgb, and the Kennedy Assassination, (Chicago: Ivan R Dee, 2007).

  2  Exhibits of documents of the Warren Commission investigation, Vol 13, p. 986.

  3  Epstein, Legend, p. 25.

  4  Epstein, Legend, p. 25.

  5  HSCA Report, pp. 100-103.

  6  Boris Yeltsin, The Struggle for Russia, translated from the Russian by Catherine A. Fitzpatrick (New York: Times Books, a division of Random House, 1994), 305–309.

  7  Ion Mihai Pacepa, Programmed to Kill Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet KGB, and the Kennedy Assassination (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2007).

  8  Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York: Basic Books, 1999), 287–293. This archive contains reproductions of genuine documents found in the archives of the KGB’s foreign intelligence directorate that were copied and then smuggled out to the West in 1993 by KGB archivist Vasili Mitrokhin.

  9  John Barron, Operation Solo: The FBI’s Man in the Kremlin (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1996), 104.

10  Max Holland, “How Moscow Undermined the Warren Commission,” The Washington Post, November 22, 2003.

11  Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive, 226–227.

12  Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive, 228–229.

13  József Cardinal Mindszenty, Memoirs, translated by Richard and Clara Winston (New York: Macmillan, 1974), 114–117.

14  Barron, Operation Solo: The FBI’s Man in the Kremlin, 91.

15  Edward Jay Epstein, Legend: The Secret World of Lee Harvey Oswald (New York: Reader’s Digest Press, McGraw-Hill, 1978), 235, 324–325.

16  Brian Latell, Castro’s Secrets: Cuban Intelligence, the CIA, and the Assassination of John F. Kennedy (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), 103, 215–216.

17  Latell, Castro’s Secrets, 204–212, 218, 230.

18  All the information on this incident is taken from Barron, Operation Solo: The FBI’s Man in the Kremlin, 97–104.

19  Vincent Bugliosi, Reclaiming History: The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 324; Barron, Operation Solo: The FBI’s Man in the Kremlin, 102.

20  John Barron, Operation Solo: The FBI’s Man in the Kremlin (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1996). Unless stated otherwise, all information about the Childs brothers is taken from this book.

21  Mitrokhin Archive, 287–293 discusses the Childs brothers, but the material must be read carefully, because Mitrokhin’s coauthor Christopher Andrew fills in the story from various other sources, especially Barron’s Operation Solo: The FBI’s Man in the Kremlin, that are identified only in the copious endnotes.

22  All the information in this chapter about Jack Childs and his various trips and meetings with Fidel Castro is taken from John Barron’s Operation Solo: The FBI’s Man in the Kremlin, 90–117.

CHAPTER ELEVEN – THE DESIGNATED HIT MAN

  1  Except where specifically noted otherwise, the information given here on Oswald can be found fully sourced in Pacepa’s Programmed to Kill.

  2  “How Powers’s plane was shot down,” http://www.webslivki.com/ull.html (Russian). Morton Kelly, “Gary Powers and the U-2 incident,” About. com.guide, American History, published as http://americanhistory.about.com/od/coldwar/a/gary_powers.htm.

  3  “Anton’s” case is related by John Barron in KGB: The Secret World of Soviet Secret Agents (New York: Reader’s Digest Press, 1974), 321–330. “Anton’s” true name is not given in order to protect him in his new life after his arrest by the Canadians.

  4  All the factual material in this chapter can be found fully sourced in Pacepa’s Programmed to Kill.

  5  HSCA Vol. 12, p. 204.

  6  Glenn Frankel, “Anti-Americanism Moves to West Europe’s Political Mainstream,” The Washington Post, February 10, 2003, as published on the internet by The World Revolution (www.worldrevolution.org/projects/webguide.asp?ID=555).

  7  Departamentul de Informatii Externe, Romania’s foreign intelligence service.

  8  Herbert Romerstein, Soviet Active Measures and Propaganda, Mackenzie Institute Paper no. 17 (Toronto, 1989), pp. 14–15, 25–26. WPC Peace Courier, 1989, no. 4, as cited in Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 629.

  9  Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story (New York: Harper Collins, 1990), pp.432–433.

10  Documents of the Ninth Congress of the Communist Party of India, 1971 (New Delhi: Communist Party Publications, 1972), p. 414.

CHAPTER TWELVE – FROM PRESIDENTIAL ASSASSINATION TO INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM

  1  Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story (New York: Harper Collins, 1990), p. 545.

  2  Craig R. Whitney, “East’s Archives Reveal Ties to Terrorists,” The New York Times, July 15, 1990, p. 6.

  3  Raymond Ibrahim, “The Rape of Christopher Stevens,” September 16, 2012, https://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/144305/rape-christopher-stevens-raymond-ibrahim.

  4  Stephen Schwartz, “John Christopher Stevens, 1960–2012: A Northern California Hero,” Huffington Post, October 10, 2012.

CHAPTER THIRTEEN – THE KING IS DEAD! LONG LIVE THE KING!

  1  The “convention” mentioned by Voroshilov was the 1925 Geneva Protocol prohibiting bacteriological weapons.

  2  Walter Duranty, “Soviet threatens to use gas in was,” The New York Times, February 23, 1938.

  3  Geneva Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), updated in December 2017, prohibits the research and production of bacteriological weapons.

  4  Vladimir Putin, “Being Strong: National Security Guarantees for Russia,” as posted on February 20, 1992, at http://rt.com/politics/officil-world/strong-putin-military-russia-711.

  5  List of Soviet BW institutions, programs and projects, Wikipedia,

  6  “Video of the week: We have to pass the bill so you can find out what is in it,” The Heritage Foundation, March 10, 2010, posted as: http://blog.heritage.org/2010/03/10/video-of-the-week-we-have-to-pass-the-bill-so-you-can-find-what-is-in-it/

  7  Deroy Murdock, “Obama Occupies Wall Street,” National Review Online, December 5, 2011.

  8  David Satter, “100 Years of Communism—and 100 Million Dead,” Hudson Institute, November 6, 2017.

EPILOGUE

  1  https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/06/03/149000-people-have-died-in-war-in-afghanistan-and-pakistan-since-2001-report-says/?utm_term=.5cee7861c1d8

  2  Arnold de Borchgrave, “Sea no evil,” The Washington Times, March 15, 2005, Commentary.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES

  1  Cummings, p. 119.

  2  Cummings, pp. 104-106.

  3  “Plesita, o bruta securista” (Plesita, a Securitate beast), Ziua, Bucharest, February 19, 2000, internet edition.

  4  Matei Pavel Haiducu, J’ai refuse de tuer: Un agent secret roumain revele les dessous de l’affaire, (I refused to kill: A Romanian secret agent reveals what was behind “the affair”) (Paris: Librairie Plon, 1984).

  5  Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire (Directorate of Territorial Surveillance). On July 1, 2008, it was merged into the current Direction Centrale du Renseignement Intérieur.