Introduction: How to Be a Juicy Crone
Sources
Bolen, Jean Shinoda. The Wisewoman Archetype: Menopause as Initiation audiotape.
Boulder: Sounds True, 1991.
———. Crossing to Avalon: A Woman’s Midlife Pilgrimage. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1994.
———. Goddesses in Everywoman. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1984.
Friedan, Betty. The Feminine Mystique. New York: Dell, 1964.
George, Demetra. Mysteries of the Dark Moon: The Healing Power of the Dark Goddess.
San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.
Illuminations of Hildegard of Bingen. Text by Hildegard of Bingen with commentary by Matthew Fox. Santa Fe: Bear & Company, 1985.
Joseph, Jenny. “Warning,” in When I Am an Old Woman, I Shall Wear Purple: An Anthology of Short Stories and Poetry. Sandra Martz, editor. Manhattan Beach, Calif.: Papier-Mache Press, 1987.
Jung, C. G. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. 2nd ed. Vol. 9, 1954. In The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, edited by Sir Herbert Read, Michael Fordham, and Gerhard Adler; translated by R. F. C. Hull; executive editor, William McGuire. Princeton, N.J.: Bollingen Series 20, Princeton University Press; 1968.
Sams, Jamie. The Thirteen Original Clan Mothers. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1993.
Sheehy, Gail. The Silent Passage: Menopause. New York: Random House, 1991. Shuttle, Penelope, and Peter Redgrove. The Wise Wound: Myths, Realities, and Meanings of Menstruation. Revised Edition, New York: Bantam Books, 1990. (Originally published in England by Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1978.)
Walker, Barbara G. The Crone: Woman of Age, Wisdom, and Power. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1985.
Notes
1. Sams, Jamie, The Thirteen Original Clan Mothers (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1993), 2.
2. Bolen, Jean Shinoda, The Wisewoman Archetype: Menopause as Initiation (audiotape). Boulder: Sounds True, 1991.
3. Bolen, Jean Shinoda, Goddesses in Everywoman, San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1984, chap. 13.
4. Postulated by theoretical biologist Rupert Sheldrake, morphic fields are responsible for both form and behavior, much as iron filings are organized in magnetic fields. With morphic resonance, these fields are broadcast across time and space, which means that the past can influence the present. For Sheldrake references, see Sources, Part 4, She Is a Circle.
PART 1: HER NAME IS WISDOM
1. Jung, C. G. “Wotan,” in Civilization in Transition. Vol. 10, The Collected Works of C. G Jung, edited by Sir Herbert Read, Michael Fordham, and Gerhard Adler; translated by R. F. C. Hull; executive editor, William McGuire (Princeton, N.J.: Bollingen Series 20, Princeton University Press, 1964), 189.
Goddess of Practical and Intellectual Wisdom
Sources
Bateson, Mary Catherine. Composing a Life. New York: Dutton / Plume, 1990.
Eisler, Riane. The Chalice and the Blade. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1997.
Eisler, Riane. Sacred Pleasure: Sex, Myth, and the Politics of the Body. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1995.
Gimbutas, Marija. The Language of the Goddess. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1989.
Gimbutas, Marija. The Civilization of the Goddess. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1991.
Gimbutas, Marija. The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe: 6500–3500 B.C., Myths and Cult Images. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, new and updated edition, 1982. (Originally published in the United States under the title Gods and Goddesses of Old Europe: 7000–3500 B.C., University of California Press, 1974.)
Graves, Robert. “Zeus and Metis,” The Greek Myths: Volume 1. New York: Penguin (1955, reprint, 1982).
Hesiod. Theogony. In Hesiod. Translation, introduction, and notes by Apostolos N. Athanassakis. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.
Keuls, Eva C. The Reign of the Phallus: Sexual Politics in Ancient Athens. Berkeley,
Calif.: University of California Press, 1993.
Olson, Tillie. Silences. New York: Delacorte, 1978.
Pert, Candace B. “Breaking the Rules,” in Molecules of Emotion: Why You Feel the Way You Feel. New York: Scribner, 1997.
Stone, Merlin. When God Was a Woman. New York: Harvest/HBJ, by arrangement with Dial Press, 1978. (Originally published in Great Britain under the title The Paradise Papers by Virago Limited, in association with Quartet Books Limited, 1976.)
Organizations
EMILY’s List, 805 15th Street NW, Suite 400, Washington, D.C. 20005, www.emilyslist.org.
Notes
1. Baring, Anne, and Jules Cashford. The Myth of the Goddess: Evolution of an Image. London: Viking, 1991.
2. Pert, Candace B. Molecules of Emotion (New York: Scribner, 1997), 107–129.
3. Ibid., 111.
4. Stone, Merlin. When God Was a Woman (New York: Dial Press, 1976), xxiv.
5. Walker, Barbara G. The Women’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets (Edison, N.J.: Castle Books, 1999), 629. (Originally published in San Francisco by Harper & Row, 1983.)
Goddess of Spiritual Wisdom
Sources
Anderson, Sherry P., and Patricia Hopkins. The Feminine Face of God. New York: Bantam, 1991.
Bancroft, Ann. Weavers of Wisdom: Women Mystics of the Twentieth Century. London: Arkana, 1989.
Baring, Anne and Jules Cashford. “The Hidden Goddess in the Old Testament,” The Myth of the Goddess: Evolution of an Image. London: Viking, 1991.
Bolen, Jean Shinoda. Close to the Bone. New York: Scribner, 1996.
Craighead, Meinrad. The Mother’s Songs. New York: Paulist Press, 1986.
Davies, Steve. “The Canaanite-Hebrew Goddess,” in The Book of the Goddess Past and Present, edited by Carl Olson. New York: Crossroad, 1985.
Eisler, Riane. The Chalice and the Blade. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1987.
Flinders, Carol Lee. Enduring Grace: Living Portraits of Seven Women Mystics. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1993.
Flinders, Carol Lee. At the Root of this Longing. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1998.
Matthews, Caitlin. Sophia Goddess of Wisdom: The Divine Feminine from Black Goddess to World-Soul. London: Thorsons, 1992.
Norris, Kathleen. Amazing Grace: A Vocabulary of Faith. New York: Riverhead, 1998. Olson, Carl, editor. The Book of the Goddess Past and Present: An Introduction to Her Religion. New York: Crossroad, 1983.
Pagels, Elaine. The Gnostic Gospels. New York: Random House, 1979. (Major source of information about early Gnostic Christianity, Gnostic references to Sophia, and opposition from the early church fathers.)
Patai, Raphael and Merlin Stone. The Hebrew Goddess. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1990.
Perkins, Pheme. “Sophia and the Mother-Father. The Gnostic Goddess,” in The Book of the Goddess Past and Present, edited by Carl Olson. New York: Crossroad, 1985.
Robinson, James M., general editor, The Nag Hammadi Library in English, translated by members of the Coptic Gnostic Library Project of the Institute for Antiquity and Christianity. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1978.
Shlain, Leonard. The Alphabet Versus the Goddess. New York: Viking, 1998. Walker, Barbara G., “Sophia, Saint,” in The Encyclopedia of Women’s Myths and Secrets. (1983. Reprint, Edison, N.J.: Castle Books, 1996).
Notes
1. Bancroft, Ann. Weavers of Wisdom (London: Arkana, 1989), vii.
2. Ibid., viii.
3. Anderson, Sherry R. and Patricia Hopkins. The Feminine Face of God (New York: Bantam, 1991), 59.
4. Craighead, Meinrad. “Immanent Mother,” in The Feminist Mystic and Other Essays on Women and Spirituality, ed. Mary E. Giles (New York: Crossroad Press, 1982), 76.
5. Flinders, Carol. At the Root of this Longing (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1998), 5.
6. Ibid., 325.
7. Anderson and Hopkins, 131.
8. Ibid., 186–187.
9. Ibid., notes, chapter 8, note 4, 234.
10. Baring and Cashford, 447.
11. From The Holy Bible, RSV, Proverbs 8:14, 8:22–31, 9:1.
12. Baring and Cashford, 417.
13. Davies, Steve. “The Canaanite-Hebrew Goddess,” in The Book of the Goddess Past and Present, edited by Carl Olson (New York: Crossroad, 1985), 72. (Attributes the periods in which Asherah was a presence in the Jerusalem temple itself to Raphael Patai.)
14. Walker, Barbara G. “Asherah,” 66. Encyclopedia of The Women’s Myths: Secrets (1983; reprint, Edison; N.J.: Castle Books, 1996).
15. Shlain, Leonard. The Alphabet Versus the Goddess (New York: Viking, 1998), 82–83.
16. Tertullian, De Praescr, 41. Reference from Pagels, Elaine. The Gnostic Gospels (New York: Random House, 1979), 60.
17. Tertullian, De Virginibus Velandis, 9. Pagels reference, 60.
Goddess of Intuitive and Psychic Wisdom
Sources
Barstow, Anne Llewellyn. Witchcraze: A New History of the European Witch Hunts. San Francisco: Pandora/HarperCollins, 1994.
George, Demetra. Mysteries of the Dark Moon: The Healing Power of the Dark Goddess. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992. (Most comprehensive Hecate source.)
Graves, Robert. The Greek Myths. New York: Penguin, 1955, reprint 1982.
Karagulla, Shafica. Breakthrough to Creativity: Higher Sense Perception. Santa Monica, Calif.: DeVorss, 1967.
Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth. On Death and Dying. New York: Macmillan, 1970.
Walker, Barbara G. The Crone. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1985. “4. The Terrible Crone,” “5. The Crone and the Cauldron,” “6. The Crone Turns Witch.”
Walker, Barbara G. The Women’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1983. Reprint, Edison, N.J.: Castle Books, 1996. “Hecate,” “Witch,” “Witchcraft.”
Notes
1. “Hymn to Demeter,” The Homeric Hymns, Charles Boer, translator (University of Dallas, Irving, Tex.: Spring Publications, 1979), 129.
2. Allison, Ralph B. “A New Treatment Approach for Multiple Personalities,” American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 17 (1974): 15–32.
3. “Weird” or “wyrd” was a Saxon name for the crone or death goddess. The three witches in Shakespeare’s Macbeth were called the Weird Sisters after the three Fates or Norns, all of whom were usually portrayed as crones.
4. Walker, Barbara G. The Women’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets, 1076–1091.
Goddess of Meditative Wisdom
Sources
Bolen, Jean Shinoda. “Hestia: Goddess of the Hearth and Temple,” in Goddesses in Everywoman. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1984.
Demetrakopoulos, Stephanie. “Hestia, Goddess of the Hearth.” Spring 1979: An annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought. (Major source for Hestia rituals.) Graves, Robert. “Hestia’s Nature and Deeds,” in The Greek Myths, Vol. 1. New York: Penguin, 1955.
Harding, M. Esther. “The Virgin Goddess,” in Women’s Mysteries. New York: Bantam, 1973, published by arrangement with Putnam.
Notes
1. Steinem, Gloria. “Doing Sixty,” in Moving Beyond Words (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 249.
PART 2: SHE IS MORE…THAN WISDOM
Goddesses of Transformative Wrath: Her Name Is Outrage
Sources
Brown, C. Mackenzie. “Kali, the Mad Mother,” in The Book of the Goddess Past and Present, edited by Carl Olson. New York: Crossroad, 1985.
Galland, China. The Bond Between Women. New York: Riverhead, 1998.
Harding, Elizabeth U. Kali: The Black Goddess of Dakshineswar. York Beach, Me.: Nicolas-Hays, 1993.
Irons, Veronica. Egyptian Mythology. New York: Peter Bedrick, 1962.
———. Indian Mythology. Revised ed. Middlesex, England: Newnes, 1983.
Kinsley, David R. The Sword and the Flute: K?al?i and K°r°s°na: Dark Visions of the Terrible and the Sublime in Hindu Mythology. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1975.
Kreilkamp, Ann. “Power & Presence: Meeting Sekhmet,” Crone Chronicles, Number 31, Summer Solstice, 1997.
Masters, Robert. The Goddess Sekhmet. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1988.
Mookerjee, Ajit. Kali: The Feminine Force. New York: Destiny Books, 1988.
Secakuku, Alph H. Following the Sun and Moon. Flagstaff, Ariz: Northland Publishing in cooperation with the Heard Museum, 1995.
Walker, Barbara G. The Crone. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1985. “4. The Terrible Crone,” “5. The Crone and the Cauldron,” “6. The Crone Turns Witch.”
Walker, Barbara G. The Women’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets. Edison, N.J.: Castle Books, 1996. “Hecate.”
Wolkstein, Diane, and Samuel Noah Kramer. “The Descent of Inanna,” from Inanna: Queen of Heaven and Earth. New York: Harper & Row, 1983. (Tells of Ereshkigal.)
Notes
1. Masters, Robert. The Goddess Sekhmet (St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1991), 45–46.
2. Harding, Elizabeth U. Kali: The Black Goddess of Dakshineswar (York Beach, Me.: Nicolas-Hays, 1993), xix–xxii.
3. Galland, China. The Bond Between Women: Journey to Fierce Compassion (New York: Riverhead, 1998), xvii–xx.
4. This is a synopsis of “From the Great Above to the Great Below,” from Inanna: Queen of Heaven and Earth, translated and told by Diane Wolkstein and Samuel Noah Kramer (New York: Harper & Row, 1983), 52–73.
5. Her Hopi name is Angwusnasomtaqa. See Secakuku, Alph H., Following the Sun and Moon: Hopi Kachina Tradition (Flagstaff, Ariz.: Northland/Heard Museum, 1995), 17, 20.
6. Galland, China. The Bond Between Women, 208–215.
Goddesses of Healing Laughter: Her Name Is Mirth
Sources
Camphausen, Rufus C. The Yoni: Sacred Symbol of Female Creative Power. Rochester, Vt.: Inner Traditions, 1996.
Lubell, Winifred Milius. The Metamorphosis of Baubo: Myths of Woman’s Sexual Energy. Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press, 1994. (The major reference for Baubo.)
Redmond, Layne. When the Drummers Were Women: A Spiritual History of Rhythm. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1997.
Stone, Merlin. “Amaterasu Omikami,” in Ancient Mirrors of Womanhood. Boston: Beacon Press, 1984. (Tells of Ama-No Uzume.)
Notes
1. Gimbutas, Marija, in the foreword to Winifred Milius Lubell, The Metamorphosis of Baubo (Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press, 1994), xiii.
2. Lubell, Winifred Milius. The Metamorphosis of Baubo: Myths of Woman’s Sexual Energy (Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press, 1994), 34.
3. Ibid., 36–40.
4. A retelling of a portion of “The Hymn to Demeter” (re: Iambe/Baubo) from The Homeric Hymns, Charles Boer, translator (Irving, Tex.: Spring Publications, 1979), 105–107, with the inclusion of the ana-suromai gesture from statues of Baubo and the report of Clement of Alexandria.
5. Lubell, xix.
6. Ibid., 179–181.
7. Stone, Merlin. Ancient Mirrors of Womanhood (New York: New Sibylline Books, 1979), 2:127–129.
8. Redmond, Layne. When the Drummers Were Women (New York: Three Rivers Press, 1997), 152–153.
Goddesses of Compassion: Her Name Is Kindness
Sources
Austen, Hallie Iglehart. The Heart of the Goddess: Art, Myth and Meditations of the World’s Sacred Feminine. Berkeley, Calif.: Wingbow Press, 1990.
Baring, Anne and Jules Cashford. “Mary, the Return of the Goddess,” The Myth of the Goddess: Evolution of an Image. London: Viking, 1991.
Blofeld, John. Bodhisattva of Compassion: The Mystical Tradition of Kuan Yin. Boston: Shambala, 1988.
Cunneen, Sally. In Search of Mary: The Woman and the Symbol. New York: Ballantine, 1996.
Leighton, Taigen Daniel. Bodhisattva Archetypes: Classic Buddhist Guides to Awakening and Their Modern Expression. New York: Penguin Arkana, 1998.
Matter, E. Ann. “The Virgin Mary: A Goddess?” In The Book of the Goddess Past and Present, edited by Carl Olson. New York: Crossroad, 1985.
Paul, Diana. “Kuan-Yin: Savior and Savioress in Chinese Pure Land Buddhism” in The Book of the Goddess Past and Present, edited by Carl Olson. New York: Crossroad, 1985.
Woodward, Kenneth L. “Hail, Mary,” Newsweek, August 25, 1998.
Notes
1. Blofeld, John. Bodhisattva of Compassion (Boston: Shambala, 1988), 24.
2. “Walking a Tightrope: An Interview with Robert Coles,” Parabola (Spring 1994): 73.
3. Both quotes from Bradley, Marion Zimmer. Mists of Avalon, 875.
4. Walker, Barbara G. The Women’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets, 609.
5. Cunneen, Sally. In Search of Mary: The Woman and the Symbol, 31.
PART 3: SHE IS A GODDESS GROWING OLDER:
GODDESSES IN EVERYWOMAN, REVISITED
Bolen, Jean Shinoda. “The Virgin Goddesses: Artemis, Athena, and Hestia,” “The Vulnerable Goddesses: Hera, Demeter, and Persephone,” “The Alchemical Goddess,” in Goddesses in Everywoman. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1984; HarperCollins, 1985.
Artemis, the Goddess of the Hunt and Moon
Sources
Bolen, Jean Shinoda. “Artemis: Goddess of the Hunt and Moon. Competitor and Sister,” in Goddesses in Everywoman.
Athena, the Goddess of Wisdom and Crafts
Sources
Bolen, Jean Shinoda. “Athena: Goddess of Wisdom and Crafts, Strategist and Father’s Daughter,” in Goddesses in Everywoman.
Hestia, the Goddess of the Hearth and Temple
Sources
Bolen, Jean Shinoda. “Hestia: Goddess of the Hearth and Temple, Wise Woman and Maiden Aunt,” in Goddesses in Everywoman.
Hera, the Goddess of Marriage
Sources
Bolen, Jean Shinoda. “Hera: Goddess of Marriage, Commitment Maker and Wife,” in Goddesses in Everywoman.
Demeter, the Goddess of Grain
Sources
Bolen, Jean Shinoda. “Demeter: Goddess of Grain, Nurturer and Mother,” in Goddesses in Everywoman.
Persephone, the Maiden and Queen of the Underworld
Sources
Bolen, Jean Shinoda. “Persephone: The Maiden and Queen of the Underworld, Receptive Woman and Mother’s Daughter,” in Goddesses in Everywoman.
Aphrodite, the Goddess of Love and Beauty
Sources
Bolen, Jean Shinoda. “Aphrodite: Goddess of Love and Beauty, Creative Woman and Lover,” in Goddess in Everywoman.
Stuart, Gloria. Gloria! I Just Kept Hoping. Boston: Little Brown, 1999.
Notes
1. Levinson, Daniel J. The Seasons of a Man’s Life. (New York: Ballantine, 1979), 109.
PART 4: SHE IS A CIRCLE
Circles of Wisewomen
Sources
Baldwin, Christina. Calling the Circle: The First and Future Culture. New York: Bantam, 1998.
Bolen, Jean Shinoda. The Millionth Circle: How to Change Ourselves and the World, the Essential Guide to Women’s Circles. Berkeley, Calif.: Conari, 1999.
Cahill, Sedonia and Joshua Halpern. The Ceremonial Circle: Practice, Ritual, and Renewal for Personal and Community Healing. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.
Carnes, Robin Dees, and Sally Craig. Sacred Circles: A Guide to Creating Your Own Women’s Spirituality Group. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1998.
Garfield, Charles, Cynthia Spring, and Sedonia Cahill. Wisdom Circles: A Guide to Self-Discovery and Community-Building in Small Groups. New York: Hyperion, 1998. Keyes Jr., Ken. The Hundredth Monkey. Coos Bay, Oreg.: Vision Books, 1982 (o.p.).
Ryan, M. J., editor. The Fabric of the Future: Women Visionaries of Today Illuminate the Path to Tomorrow. Berkeley, Calif.: Conari Press, 1998.
Rosen, Ruth. The World Split Open: How the Modern Women’s Movement Changed America. New York: Viking, 2000.
Sams, Jamie. The Thirteen Original Clan Mothers. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1993.
Schaef, Anne Wilson. Women’s Reality: An Emerging Female System in a White Male Society. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1981, 1985.
———. Co-Dependence: Misunderstood—Mistreated. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1986.
Schaef, Anne Wilson. When Society Becomes an Addict. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1987.
Sheldrake, Rupert. A New Science of Life: The Hypothesis of Morphic Resonance. Rochester, Vt.: Park Street Press, 1995. (Originally published by London: Blond & Briggs, 1981.)
———. “Part 1. Mind, Memory and Archetype: Morphic Resonance and the Collective Unconscious,” in Psychological Perspectives, 18:1 (Spring 1987): 9–25. “Part 2. Society, Spirit and Ritual,” 18:2 (Fall 1987): 329–331. “Part 3. Extended Mind, Power and Prayer,” 19:1 (Spring 1988): 64–78.
Organizations
Crone Chronicles (Crone Counsel Conferences), P.O. Box 81, Kelly, WY 80311–0081 (Ann Kreilkamp).
The Grandmother’s Circle. P.O. Box 23, 36th St. Mail, 3728 East Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ 85016. For information SASE Kit Wilson.
The Sacred Grove Women’s Forest Sanctuary. P.O. Box 1692, Ross, CA 94957.
Women of Wisdom Foundation (annual Seattle Women’s Spirituality Conferences)
P.O. Box 30043, Seattle, WA 98103 (Kris Steinnes), www.womenofwisdom.org
Notes
1. Epigraph: from The Grandmother’s Circle. P.O. Box 23, 36th St. Mail, 3728 East Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ 85016.
2. Steinem, Gloria. Moving Beyond Words (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 270.
3. Spiegel, David. “A Psychosocial Intervention and Survival Time of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer,” Advances: The Journal of Mind-Body Health, 7:3 (Summer 1991): 12.
4. Underwood, Paula, “Clan Mothers in the Twenty-first Century,” in The Fabric of the Future, M. J. Ryan, ed. (Berkeley, Calif.: Conari Press, 1998), 158.
5. Medicine Eagle, Brooke. Buffalo Woman Comes Singing (New York: Ballantine, 1991), 339–340.
6. Heise, L., Ellsberg, M., and Gottemoeller, M. Ending Violence Against Women. Population Reports, Series L, No. 11. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Population Information Program, December 1999.
7. Ray, Paul H., and Sherry Ruth Anderson. The Cultural Creatives (New York: Harmony Books, 2000), p. 14.
8. Ibid., p. 15.
Conclusion: This Is Act III
Sources
Erikson, Erik H. The Life Cycle Completed: A Review. New York: W. W. Norton, 1982. Over the Hill, with Olympia Dukakis. Screenplay by Robert Caswell, directed by George Miller. New Line Cinema and Village Roadshow Pictures. New Line Home Video, 1993.
Notes
1. Eliot, T. S. “The Dry Salvages,” Four Quartets (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1943, 1971), 45.